Technology for preventing landslide in mountainous region

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction technology and a transformation technology of highways, expressways, railways and high-speed railways, which can prevent possible landslide damage at any time. Villages and buildings under the landslide threat can be checked, and safe and effective prevention measures can be taken.

Description

1. Technical Field

[0001] This is a construction and renovation technology for roads, highways, railways and high-speed railways, which can prevent landslide damage that may occur at any time; it can also check villages and buildings under the threat of landslides and take safe and effective preventive measures. 2. Background technology

[0002] The existing technology is to build a grid of reinforced concrete squares above the road where landslides may occur. This is a large-scale and expensive project, and it may not be able to prevent landslides. For example, landslides outside and below the road may also cause the road to collapse, which is something that the existing road construction technology does not consider. There is almost no way to deal with the threat of landslides to villages and buildings in mountainous areas. 3. Summary of the invention

[0003] ①Principles and methods of preventing landslides

[0004] The basic technical principles for building roads and railways in mountainous areas are: First, the road surface must be firmly grounded. The road surface must be built on solid soil, not on loose soil. Half, one-fifth, or one-tenth of loose soil are not acceptable. Second, the road surface must have a gentle slope below. If the slope below the road is steep, landslides will occur sooner or later, so the steep slope below must be avoided. As long as it is a soil mountain or mudstone mountain that can landslide, there must be a gentle slope, either on the mountainside or at the foot of the mountain. Third, the road surface must have a gentle slope above. If the slope above the road is steep, landslides will occur sooner or later, and landslide prevention technology must be adopted. Of course, if the road is a monolithic rock structure above and below, the possibility of landslides is small, and the wall-cut road or wall-hanging road is safe.

[0005] We need to check villages, houses and buildings that are at risk of landslides, and relocate those that are not suitable for living. For the construction of roads and highways, we will bypass them if possible, and cut through the mountains if we cannot bypass them, either through tunnels or tunnels along the slope, which will save a lot of work.

[0006] ②Technology for preventing landslides

[0007] A. For the construction of road sections with hidden dangers, slope-fitting tunnel technology is adopted. This includes slope-fitting tunnel technology for highways, expressways, railways and high-speed railways. An open triangular semi-tunnel is excavated on the hillside, and a reinforced concrete triangular tunnel box is embedded in it to form a slope-fitting tunnel. Windows can be opened on the outside of the tunnel box to use natural light for lighting, or windows can be left open and light can be used for lighting; or a simplified version of the reinforced concrete triangular tunnel box can be embedded in it to form a slope-fitting tunnel with hollow sections on both sides. It looks like there are sections of guardrails on the outside, but it is actually cast as a whole. The outside is for light transmission, and the inside is for retaining soil. This is to save materials.

[0008] B. For the reconstruction of existing sections with hidden dangers, use pile row or pile row and soil compression technology. This includes the reconstruction technology of sections with hidden dangers of landslides on highways, expressways, railways, and high-speed railways. The first is the reconstruction technology of pile row and soil compression on loose soil sections. Piles are driven under the loose soil roadbed, and a row of reinforced concrete piles are driven in. The distance between the piles is appropriate. A proper amount of soil, stone or cement pressure pieces are also pressed on the side of the loose soil close to the piles to prevent the original loose soil from sliding down. The second is the reconstruction technology of pile row without soil compression on loose soil sections. The third is to directly change to a slope-fitting tunnel.

[0009] There are three types of piles to choose from: upper piles, middle piles and lower piles. They differ not only in the location of the piles, but also in the length of the reinforced concrete piles. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose the one you want based on your situation.

[0010] Can all the problems be solved after the technical transformation? It should be said that most of them have been solved. Some sections of the road may still have landslides, but a large amount of soil and rocks will not pour down, causing the road surface to collapse suddenly. Instead, it will slowly crack and sink. In this way, the highway maintenance department will have the opportunity to solve the hidden dangers. However, the amount of work is not small, and it is necessary to calculate whether the cost of the slope tunnel is higher or the cost of the pile filling is higher. 4. Description of the drawings

[0011] Figure 1 Hazardous road design.

[0012] Figure 2 The slope-adjacent tunnel construction plan has a flat road surface below and low risk. Even if there is a landslide, vehicles will not fall. The road surface above is steep and dangerous, but landslides will not harm vehicles.

[0013] Figure 3 The entire section is reinforced concrete tunnel.

[0014] Figure 4 The two tripods are spaced apart, and 3-5 reinforced concrete retaining beams are placed on the wall side to save materials.

[0015] Figure 5 A plan for the renovation of loose soil sections by using piles to compact the soil.

[0016] Figure 6 Reinforced concrete piles (at appropriate distances).

[0017] Figure 7 Selection of pile positions: upper piles, middle piles, and lower piles. The upper piles are longer and have better effects; the lower piles are shorter and have average effects; the middle piles are moderate and have a neutral effect, and there is no need to compact the soil. 5. Specific implementation methods

[0018] ① Inspection of landslide hazards in villages and buildings. Natural villages, administrative villages, townships, and counties (county level) are responsible for this and will make preventive suggestions such as relocation.

[0019] ② Highway (including expressways) landslide hazard inspection: The transportation department, highway management department, and road maintenance and protection units are responsible for this and will provide preventive suggestions.

[0020] ③ Inspection of landslide hazards on railways (including high-speed railways). The national and local railway departments (companies) are responsible for this and will provide preventive recommendations.

[0021] ④ The construction and reconstruction of roads and railways shall be undertaken by professional road construction and repair companies.

[0022] ⑤ In terms of project implementation, it mainly involves the production, transportation and on-site construction of prefabricated parts.

Claims

1. Basic technical principles of road construction: First, the road surface must be built on solid soil. The road surface must be built on solid soil, not on loose soil. Half, one-fifth or one-tenth of loose soil are not acceptable. Second, the road surface must have a gentle slope below. If the slope below the road is steep, landslides will occur sooner or later, and the steep slope below must be avoided. As long as it is a soil mountain or mudstone mountain that can landslide, there must be a gentle slope, either on the mountainside or at the foot of the mountain. Third, the road surface must have a gentle slope above. If the slope above the road is steep, landslides will occur sooner or later, and landslide prevention technology must be adopted. Of course, if the road above and below is a monolithic rock structure, the possibility of landslides is small, and the wall-cut road or wall-hanging road is safe.

2. Choose a tunnel location that is close to the slope. Choose a location where the slope below is gentle and not prone to landslides, and the slope above is steep and prone to landslides.

3. Slope-fitting tunnel technology. This includes slope-fitting tunnel technology for highways, expressways, railways, and high-speed railways. An open triangular semi-tunnel is excavated on the hillside, and a reinforced concrete triangular tunnel box is inserted into it to form a slope-fitting tunnel. Windows can be opened on the outside of the tunnel box to use natural light for lighting, or windows can be left open and light can be used for lighting; or a simplified version of the reinforced concrete triangular tunnel box can be inserted into it to form a slope-fitting tunnel. There are hollow sections on both sides, and there are sections of guardrails on the outside, but in fact it is cast as a whole. The outside is for light transmission, and the inside is for retaining soil. This is to save materials.

4. Reconstruction technology for existing sections with hidden dangers. This includes reconstruction technology for sections with hidden dangers of landslides on highways, expressways, railways, and high-speed railways. The first is the reconstruction technology of pile row and soil compaction for sections with loose soil. Piles are driven under the loose soil roadbed, and a row of reinforced concrete piles are driven in. The distance between the piles is appropriate, and a proper amount of soil, stone or cement pressing pieces are pressed on the side of the loose soil close to the piles to prevent the original loose soil from sliding down. The second is the reconstruction technology of pile row and soil compaction for sections with loose soil. The second is to directly change to a slope-fitting tunnel.

5. Three types of piles are available: upper piles, middle piles and lower piles. They differ not only in the location of the piles, but also in the length of the reinforced concrete piles. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so choose according to your situation.

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