Construction method of waterproof windowsill coping

Abstract

The invention provides a construction method of a waterproof windowsill coping. The construction method comprises the following steps: (1) building a wall body below an outer wall windowsill coping; (2) prefabricated blocks are built, prefabricated block female openings are formed in the prefabricated blocks, prefabricated block reinforcing steel bars are vertically embedded in the positions, located on the two sides of the prefabricated block female openings, of the prefabricated blocks, and the prefabricated block reinforcing steel bars are partially exposed out of the prefabricated blocks; during building, the exposed part with the prefabricated block female opening and the prefabricated block steel bar faces a windowsill coping; (3) building an outer wall body above the precast blocks; (4) a cast-in-place section coping formwork is supported, and steel bars are bound and lapped; (5) casting and molding a cast-in-place section coping; (6) carrying out cast-in-place section coping maintenance; and (7) the cast-in-place section coping formwork removal is conducted. Prefabricating is combined with cast-in-place waterproof windowsill coping, the principle that the primary opening is reserved in the prefabricated block and the secondary opening is formed in the cast-in-place section to achieve water prevention and water stop is adopted, and meanwhile the three-section type prefabricated block is constructed firstly, so that the construction period of wall building can be shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of window sill top pressing, in particular to a construction method for waterproof window sill top pressing. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing development of the construction market economy, owners have higher and higher requirements for project progress under the premise of ensuring project quality. At this stage, major real estate developers have a fast development pace, a short total construction period, and tight construction tasks. If a construction unit wants to be invincible in the fiercely competitive market, it must scientifically and rationally organize construction, carry out reasonable process interspersion, invest in scientific research to study new processes, introduce new materials, and study new technologies to reasonably shorten the construction period, adapt to the market, and meet the needs of owners.

[0003] For a long time, the traditional cast-in-place and then-laid construction method has been used in the construction of masonry structures to the top of window sills in building construction. However, the cast-in-place and then-laid method will seriously affect the construction period and has many processes, thus affecting the construction progress of the entire project.

[0004] The Chinese patent document discloses "a fast-construction window sill capping structure and construction method", and its publication number is CN111852006A. The fast-construction window sill capping structure of the patent includes a shell membrane, and multiple shell membranes are provided. A distance component for positioning the shell membranes is provided between adjacent shell membranes, and each shell membrane is provided with a positioning component for limiting the upper block of the window sill capping. The length direction of the shell membrane is arranged along the length direction of the capping. Adjacent shell membranes are fixed on the top of the lower wall to form a casting template for the window sill capping. A receiving groove is provided on the top surface of the shell membrane. The receiving groove is provided along the length direction of the shell membrane and is open to the outside at both ends. The space connected by adjacent receiving grooves is used to hold the steel cage for capping casting. The application has the effect of directly building the upper wall blocks without waiting for the window sill capping casting process, achieving the effect of less manpower investment during construction, simplifying the construction process, and saving construction period. However, the construction period of the window sill capping structure of the patent is still relatively long, and it does not have the waterproof and water-stopping effects on the external windows. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a waterproof window sill top, which is used to solve the problem that the construction period of the existing window sill top structure is still long and it does not have the waterproof and water-stopping effects on the external windows.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a construction method for waterproof window sill top pressing, comprising the following steps: (1) Build the wall below the top of the window sill on the exterior wall; (2) Prefabricated blocks are respectively laid on both sides of the window sill top elevation of the exterior wall, wherein the prefabricated blocks are formed with prefabricated block female openings, and the prefabricated block steel bars are vertically embedded in the prefabricated blocks on both sides of the prefabricated block female openings, and the prefabricated block steel bars are partially exposed outside the prefabricated blocks; during laying, the exposed parts with the prefabricated block female openings and the prefabricated block steel bars face the window sill top; (3) Building the exterior wall above the precast blocks; (4) Support the formwork for the top of the cast-in-place section and tie and overlap the exposed part of the top steel bars of the cast-in-place section with the steel bars of the precast block; (5) The cast-in-place section top is cast and formed, and the cast-in-place section top after forming has a cast-in-place section mouth that is compatible with the prefabricated block mother mouth; (6) Top-pressing maintenance of cast-in-place sections; (7) Remove the formwork from the cast-in-place section to complete the waterproof window sill capping.

[0007] The present invention has found through the study of the construction of window sill top that the construction of window sill top is a key process of masonry engineering, which is directly related to the intervention of subsequent work. The applicant of the present invention has developed a prefabricated combined with cast-in-place waterproof window sill top construction technology through multiple research and tests, which effectively shortens the construction period and has a good effect on the waterproofing and water stopping of external windows. The present invention designs a three-stage prefabricated combined with cast-in-place waterproof window sill top, which is composed of two prefabricated mother-and-child mouth concrete blocks and a section of cast-in-place precast concrete top to form a complete waterproof window sill top, and the prefabricated blocks are used to leave the mother mouth, and the cast-in-place section forms the sub-mouth to play the role of waterproofing and water stopping. The present invention uses a prefabricated combined with cast-in-place waterproof window sill top, which is composed of two prefabricated mother-and-child mouth concrete blocks and a section of cast-in-place precast concrete top to form a complete waterproof window sill top, and the prefabricated blocks are used to leave the mother mouth, and the cast-in-place section forms the sub-mouth to play the role of waterproofing and water stopping. At the same time, the three-stage prefabricated blocks are constructed first to shorten the construction period of wall masonry. The cast-in-place section refers to the structural section formed by pouring concrete and other materials on site during construction.

[0008] Preferably, in step (2), the width of the prefabricated block is the same as the thickness of the exterior wall, and the ratio of the length of the prefabricated block reinforcement anchored in the prefabricated block to the length exposed outside the prefabricated block is (1-2):3.

[0009] Preferably, in step (2), the prefabricated blocks are prefabricated on-site using concrete.

[0010] Preferably, in step (2), a mold is used to prefabricate the prefabricated blocks, the mold comprising at least two support plates arranged at relative intervals and a plurality of partition plates arranged in parallel between the support plates, the space between two adjacent partition plates forming a prefabricated block forming cavity, the upper end surface of the partition plate is recessed inward to form a female mouth forming groove, a top pressed wood beam is penetrated through the female mouth forming groove, and the cross-section of the top pressed wood beam is adapted to the cross-section of the female mouth.

[0011] Preferably, the prefabrication method of the prefabricated block using the mold is: vertically inserting the prefabricated block steel bars into the prefabricated block molding cavity between the top pressed wood beam and the support plate, pouring concrete in the prefabricated block molding cavity, vibrating and compacting, curing, and demolding to obtain the prefabricated block.

[0012] Preferably, in step (4), the lap length of the exposed part of the cast-in-place section capping steel bar and the prefabricated block steel bar is 37d. The "d" in the lap length of 37d represents the diameter of the steel bar. Specifically, the lap length of 37d means that the overlap length of the two steel bars is 37 times the diameter of the steel bar.

[0013] Preferably, when the top formwork of the cast-in-place section is supported, the bottom formwork of the cast-in-place section is a masonry wall, and the side formwork is installed with a coated multi-layer board and reinforced with a shaping fixture.

[0014] Preferably, step (4) is followed by a self-inspection process, wherein the self-inspection content of the self-inspection process includes the installation dimensions and firmness of the coated multi-layer board, the steel bar specifications of the cast-in-place section top steel bars and the prefabricated block steel bars, the overhanging length of the prefabricated block steel bars, and the lap length of the exposed parts of the cast-in-place section top steel bars and the prefabricated block steel bars.

[0015] Preferably, in step (5), during the top casting and molding process of the cast-in-place section, the connecting section between the sub-mouth of the cast-in-place section and the mother mouth of the prefabricated block is vibrated and compacted.

[0016] Preferably, in step (5), a micro vibrator is used for vibrating, and the micro vibrator is inserted to a depth of 50 mm in the next layer, with the spacing between the insertion points being no greater than 500 mm, and the vibrating time being 5 to 10 seconds, so as to ensure that the concrete is vibrated and compacted.

[0017] As described above, the construction method of the waterproof window sill capping of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: through prefabrication combined with cast-in-place waterproof window sill capping, a complete waterproof window sill capping is formed by two prefabricated mother-and-child concrete blocks and a section of cast-in-place prefabricated concrete capping, and the prefabricated blocks are used to leave mother mouths and the cast-in-place sections to form child mouths to achieve the principle of waterproofing and water stopping. At the same time, the three-section prefabricated blocks are constructed first to shorten the construction period of the wall. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the mold.

[0019] Figure 2 Shown is a top view of the precast block before demoulding.

[0020] Figure 3 Display as Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0021] Figure 4Shown is a side view of the precast block before demoulding.

[0022] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure shown as prefabricated blocks.

[0023] Figure 6 Shown is a realistic picture of precast masonry blocks.

[0024] Figure 7 Shown is a real-life picture of the top formwork for the cast-in-place section.

[0025] Figure 8 It shows the actual scene of the binding and overlapping of the exposed parts of the cast-in-place section's top reinforcement and the precast block's reinforcement.

[0026] Fig. 9 Shown is a real-life picture of the waterproof window sill capping.

[0027] Description of the accompanying drawings: prefabricated block 1, prefabricated block female opening 11, prefabricated block steel bar 12, support plate 2, partition plate 3, prefabricated block forming cavity 31, female opening forming groove 32, top pressed wooden beam 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0030] Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation" and "setting" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection between two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0031] The main equipment and materials used in the following examples of this application are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Main machinery, equipment and materials The quality control of pouring concrete in the following embodiments of this application refers to the "Concrete Quality Control Standard" GB50164, the "Concrete Structure Engineering Construction Code" GB50666 and the "Concrete Structure Engineering Construction Quality Acceptance Code" GB50204.

[0032] The allowable deviation and inspection method of concrete structure in the following embodiments of this application are shown in Table 2: Table 2. Permissible deviations and inspection methods for concrete structures The allowable deviation and inspection method of the masonry structure in the following embodiments of this application are shown in Table 3.

[0033] Table 3. Allowable deviations and inspection methods for masonry structures The present application provides a method for constructing a waterproof window sill, comprising the following steps: (1) Build the wall below the top of the window sill on the exterior wall; (2) Build masonry on both sides of the window sill top elevation of the exterior wall. Figure 5 The prefabricated block 1 shown in the figure is formed with a prefabricated block female opening 11, and the prefabricated block is vertically embedded with prefabricated block steel bars 12 on both sides of the prefabricated block female opening, and the prefabricated block steel bars are partially exposed outside the prefabricated block; during masonry, the exposed part with the prefabricated block female opening and the prefabricated block steel bars is pressed toward the window sill; the width of the prefabricated block is the same as the thickness of the exterior wall, and the ratio of the length of the prefabricated block steel bars anchored in the prefabricated block to the length exposed outside the prefabricated block is 2:3, wherein the anchor is 320mm in the prefabricated block and 480mm protruding outside; the installation method of the prefabricated block is the same as the installation method of the door and window lintels; the real scene of the masonry prefabricated block is as follows Figure 6 As shown; (3) Building the exterior wall above the precast blocks; (4) If Figure 7 As shown, the top formwork of the cast-in-place section is supported by a masonry wall, the bottom formwork of the cast-in-place section is installed with a film-coated multilayer board, and is reinforced with a shaping fixture; Figure 8 As shown, the exposed part of the cast-in-place section top steel bar and the prefabricated block steel bar are tied and overlapped, and the lap length is 37d. After the cast-in-place section top steel bar formwork is installed and the steel bar is tied, a self-inspection is carried out. The inspection contents include the template installation size, firmness, steel bar specifications, steel bar extension length, steel bar overlap length. The wooden template should not be deformed, and the overall rigidity should meet the requirements. After the self-inspection is qualified, it shall be reported to the supervisor and Party A for acceptance; In this step, the steps of tying and overlapping the exposed parts of the cast-in-place section top steel bars and the prefabricated block steel bars are as follows: S4.1: Steel bar raw materials must pass the retest before they can be processed. Semi-finished products should be stacked separately according to specifications and binding locations, and their status should be marked.

[0034] S4.2: Carry out steel bar processing and layout according to the design and construction drawings, and prepare a steel bar cutting table to indicate the steel bar specifications, models, diameters, lengths and quantities, etc. The steel bar processing can only be submitted after review and approval by the technical person in charge.

[0035] S4.3: When processing steel bars, a processing sign should be hung in the processing area to clearly indicate the processing method and processing drawings; when processing stirrups, attention should be paid to the 135° bending radius and the length of the straight section should not be less than 10d. Inspection should be organized when the semi-finished steel bars are delivered to the site.

[0036] S4.4: Conduct technical briefing before reinforcing bar binding, make a technical briefing sign and place it on the work surface to ensure that the technical briefing is implemented.

[0037] S4.5: Before tying the stirrups, the spacing should be measured with a steel ruler and marked with chalk on the vertical main reinforcement before tying, taking care to distinguish the reinforced area from other areas.

[0038] S4.6: When tying steel bars, three-point tying shall be adopted within the lap length. The tying wire shall be 22# galvanized lead wire, and the tying buckle shall be in the form of straight buckle or figure eight buckle; The allowable deviation and inspection method for steel bar installation are shown in Table 4: Table 4. Allowable deviation and inspection method for steel bar installation The allowable deviation values ​​for template installation are shown in Table 5: Table 5. Allowable deviation values ​​and inspection methods for template installation (5) After the formwork and steel bars are accepted, the window sill capping cast-in-place section concrete is poured. The concrete is C20 fine stone concrete, and the window sill capping thickness is 100 mm. During the pouring process, a micro vibrator is used for vibration, especially the connection section between the cast-in-place section mouth and the prefabricated block mother mouth needs to be vibrated densely to ensure that the mother-child mouth is tightly connected. After the vibration is completed, a secondary finishing is performed to ensure the pouring quality. The cast-in-place section capping has a cast-in-place section mouth that is compatible with the prefabricated block mother mouth; the actual scene after the prefabricated block and the cast-in-place section window sill capping are completed is as follows Fig. 9 As shown; (6) Maintenance of cast-in-place coping: To ensure the quality of window sill coping, cast-in-place window sill coping needs to be maintained for 7 days to prevent harmful cracks from occurring, which will affect the waterproofing and water-stopping effect of the window sill coping; (7) Remove the molds from the cast-in-place section to complete the waterproof window sill capping. The cast-in-place window sill capping can be removed after 3 days of curing with the molds. After the molds are removed, they should be cured for at least 4 days to ensure the casting quality. The precast blocks are prefabricated using concrete-based molds. In order to improve the utilization rate of on-site materials, the precast block molds are made of on-site waste templates and wooden beams, such as Figure 1 As shown, the mold includes at least two support plates 2 relatively spaced apart and a plurality of partition plates 3 spaced apart and arranged in parallel between the support plates. The space between two adjacent partition plates forms a prefabricated block forming cavity 31. The upper end surface of the partition plate is recessed inward to form a female mouth forming groove 32. A top pressed wood beam 4 is penetrated through the female mouth forming groove. The cross section of the top pressed wood beam is adapted to the cross section of the female mouth.

[0039] The prefabrication method of prefabricated blocks using C20 fine stone concrete based on molds is as follows: C6@200㎜ precast block steel bars are vertically inserted into the precast block forming cavity between the top pressed wood beam and the supporting plate, and concrete is poured into the precast block forming cavity. A φ30 micro vibrator is used to properly vibrate and compact it. According to the curing method of concrete components, the curing method is watering curing, and the curing time is 28 days. The schematic diagram of the precast block before demoulding is shown as follows Figures 2 to 4 As shown; after demoulding, the Figure 5 The prefabricated block shown. The prefabricated block reinforcement is centrally processed and manufactured in the on-site reinforcement processing shed, with the first layer 25mm from the bottom.

[0040] Taking the A-1 plot (section 1) of the SB-03-01-02H plot development and construction project in Shibei District as an example, this project adopts the prefabricated combined with cast-in-place waterproof window sill capping construction method of the present invention to carry out the window sill capping construction, and the economic benefit analysis is as follows: (1) Mold production cost: 160 × 100 (production cost of each stainless steel rectangular tube) = 16,000 yuan; (2) The material consumption of this method is similar to that of the traditional cast-in-place construction process, but due to the optimization of the process, the construction period can be saved by about 28 days. Based on the daily labor cost of 8,000 yuan per day for the masonry team, the labor cost can be saved by 224,000 yuan; (3) Therefore, the economic benefit of this construction method is: 224,000-16,000=208,000 yuan, saving 28 days of construction time, and has good economic benefits.

[0041] Social Benefits Improved the waterproof effect of external windows: Conventional window sills are mostly cast-in-place, and some are prefabricated, but they will all have the phenomenon of water seepage due to loose connection with the raised wall. The window sill with mother-and-child mouth can play a good waterproof and active water-stopping effect, which can effectively reduce water seepage of external windows.

[0042] Shorten the construction period: Conventional window sill top construction is mostly cast-in-place, and some are prefabricated. The disadvantage of cast-in-place window sill top is that the upper structure can only be built after the cast-in-place window sill top reaches a certain strength, which prolongs the time of wall construction and affects the construction period; although the prefabricated integral window sill top does not affect the upper wall construction, its size is the window width + 250*2. It is long and heavy, not easy to operate, and easy to break during transportation; the three-section prefabrication of the mother-and-child joint combined with the cast-in-place waterproof window sill top can perfectly avoid the above disadvantages. The prefabricated section can be built at the same time as the wall, and there is no need to wait for the maintenance time when the top strength comes up. At the same time, the net width of the window is a cast-in-place section and does not need to be transported; while ensuring the quality of the window sill top and the waterproof and water-stopping effect, the construction period is shortened.

[0043] It has been well received by all parties: At present, the demand for housing has shifted from the rigid demand stage to the improvement stage. Small owners have higher requirements for the quality of housing, among which anti-leakage has become an important parameter for small owners to view quality. The use of prefabrication combined with cast-in-place waterproof window sill pressure top construction has improved the current situation of water seepage in traditional window sill pressure tops, improved the waterproof and water-stopping effects of external windows, and accelerated the construction progress. Through its use in multiple projects of Sunac, it has been well received by construction, supervision, and design units, and established a good social image for the company. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes the various shortcomings of the prior art and has a high industrial utilization value.

[0044] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for waterproof window sill top pressing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Build the wall below the top of the window sill on the exterior wall; (2) Prefabricated blocks (1) are respectively laid on both sides of the window sill top elevation of the exterior wall, wherein the prefabricated blocks are formed with prefabricated block female openings (11), and prefabricated block steel bars (12) are vertically embedded in the prefabricated blocks on both sides of the prefabricated block female openings, and the prefabricated block steel bars are partially exposed outside the prefabricated blocks; during laying, the exposed parts with the prefabricated block female openings and the prefabricated block steel bars face the window sill top; (3) Building the exterior wall above the precast blocks; (4) Support the formwork for the top of the cast-in-place section and tie and overlap the exposed part of the top steel bars of the cast-in-place section with the steel bars of the precast block; (5) The cast-in-place section top is cast and formed, and the cast-in-place section top after forming has a cast-in-place section mouth that is compatible with the prefabricated block mother mouth; (6) Top-pressing maintenance of cast-in-place sections; (7) Remove the formwork from the cast-in-place section to complete the waterproof window sill capping.

2. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (2), the width of the prefabricated block is the same as the thickness of the exterior wall, and the ratio of the length of the prefabricated block steel bars anchored in the prefabricated block to the length exposed outside the prefabricated block is (1-2):

3.

3. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (2), the prefabricated blocks are prefabricated on site using concrete.

4. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 3 is characterized by: In step (2), a mold is used to prefabricate the prefabricated block, the mold comprising at least two support plates (2) arranged at a relative interval and a plurality of partition plates (3) arranged in parallel between the support plates, the space between two adjacent partition plates forming a prefabricated block forming cavity (31), the upper end surface of the partition plate is inwardly recessed to form a female opening forming groove (32), a top pressed wood beam (4) is provided through the female opening forming groove, and the cross section of the top pressed wood beam is adapted to the cross section of the female opening.

5. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 4 is characterized by: The prefabrication method of the prefabricated block using the mold is as follows: vertically inserting the prefabricated block steel bar into the prefabricated block forming cavity between the top pressed wood beam and the supporting plate, pouring concrete in the prefabricated block forming cavity, vibrating and compacting, curing, and demoulding to obtain the prefabricated block.

6. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (4), the lap length of the exposed part of the cast-in-place section top steel bars and the prefabricated block steel bars is 37d.

7. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 1 is characterized by: When the top formwork of the cast-in-place section is supported, the bottom formwork of the cast-in-place section is a masonry wall, and the side formwork is installed with a coated multi-layer board and reinforced with shaping fixtures.

8. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 1 is characterized by: After step (4), a self-inspection process is also included. The self-inspection content of the self-inspection process includes the installation size and firmness of the coated multi-layer board, the steel bar specifications of the cast-in-place section top steel bars and the prefabricated block steel bars, the overhanging length of the prefabricated block steel bars, and the lap length of the exposed part of the cast-in-place section top steel bars and the prefabricated block steel bars.

9. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), during the top casting process of the cast-in-place section, the connecting section between the cast-in-place section opening and the prefabricated block mother opening is vibrated and compacted.

10. The construction method of waterproof window sill capping according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step (5), a micro vibrator is used for vibrating, and the micro vibrator is inserted to a depth of 50 mm in the next layer, with the insertion point spacing being no greater than 500 mm, and the vibration time being 5 to 10 seconds.

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