Prefabricated stair and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of building stairs, disclose a kind of fabricated stairs, it includes prefabricated stair body and energy dissipation and shock absorption component;Depending on the hysteresis energy dissipation characteristics possessed by rubber, so that the first energy dissipation layer and the second energy dissipation layer made of rubber can increase the damping of the overall fabricated stairs, thereby effectively reducing the vibration amplitude of fabricated stairs under the action of earthquake and wind vibration, in turn reduce the horizontal displacement of stair, inter-story displacement and inter-story shear force, can effectively reduce the jump displacement of epicenter stair occurs, avoid prefabricated stair body from ladder beam fall off;And the structure of energy dissipation and shock absorption component is simple, the rigid material and rubber needed for making energy dissipation and shock absorption component are easy to find in construction site, can greatly reduce production and construction cost.The present application also discloses a kind of construction method, first respectively make shock absorption support and settlement monitoring support, then realize the connection of ladder beam and prefabricated stair body by shock absorption support, to build building stairs for use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a building staircase, and more particularly to a prefabricated staircase and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Conventional staircase construction typically involves integrated structural casting, connecting the staircase to the floor slab's extending beams as a single unit. This method results in a tighter connection between the staircase and the floor slab, improving load-bearing capacity. However, during earthquakes, the staircase is prone to resonance with the floor slab, and the shear forces transmitted by the earthquake can easily damage the staircase itself.

[0003] Currently, prefabricated energy-dissipating and vibration-damping staircases are commonly used to reduce damage to building staircases during earthquakes, thereby improving and optimizing the overall seismic performance of buildings. Prefabricated energy-dissipating and vibration-damping staircases consist of prefabricated stairs and an energy-dissipating and vibration-damping system. On one hand, by manufacturing prefabricated stairs in a factory, the quality of the prefabricated stairs can be consistently controlled. On-site assembly only requires joining the stair beams, thus saving construction time. On the other hand, the energy-dissipating and vibration-damping system is placed between the prefabricated stairs and the stair beams to reduce the connection between the prefabricated stairs and the floor slab. During vibrations, the energy-dissipating and vibration-damping system causes relative slippage between the prefabricated stairs and the floor slab, reducing damage to the stairs.

[0004] However, due to the complex structure of energy dissipation and vibration reduction systems, which typically include viscoelastic damping components, friction damping components, metal damping components, and viscous damping components, prefabricated energy dissipation and vibration reduction stairs require a high level of corresponding technology in production and processing to ensure the final energy dissipation and vibration reduction quality. Furthermore, while the energy dissipation and vibration reduction system reduces damage to the stairs by causing relative slippage between the prefabricated stairs and the floor slab during an earthquake, it can also cause the prefabricated stairs to jump relative to the floor slab and other main structures, resulting in the prefabricated stairs falling off the stair beams and preventing users from escaping through the stairs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a prefabricated staircase and its construction method, which solves the problems of complex energy dissipation and vibration reduction system structure and easy jumping displacement between prefabricated staircases and main structures such as floor slabs, causing prefabricated staircases to fall off the stair beams.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a prefabricated staircase, which includes a prefabricated staircase body and an energy dissipation and vibration reduction component.

[0007] The energy dissipation and vibration damping components are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated staircase body; the length direction of the steps of the prefabricated staircase body is defined as the first direction;

[0008] The energy dissipation and vibration reduction assembly includes a vibration damping support and a settlement monitoring support; in the first direction, the vibration damping support is provided on both sides of the settlement monitoring support;

[0009] The shock-absorbing support includes a first rigid support layer, a first energy dissipation layer, and a connecting pipe; the first rigid support layer is fixedly connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the first energy dissipation layer, and the connecting pipe is vertically fixed to the side surface of the two first rigid support layers facing away from the first energy dissipation layer; the connecting pipe located at the upper part is defined as the first connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe located at the lower part is defined as the second connecting pipe; the first connecting pipe is embedded in the prefabricated staircase body.

[0010] The settlement monitoring support includes a second rigid support layer, a second energy dissipation layer, a base, and a monitoring unit; the second rigid support layer, the second energy dissipation layer, and the base are fixedly connected from top to bottom; the second rigid support layer is connected to the prefabricated staircase body.

[0011] The base has a sliding groove that extends along the first direction; the monitoring unit is located between the second rigid support layer and the base, and the monitoring unit has a movable position that is slidably connected in the sliding groove.

[0012] When the second rigid support layer moves vertically relative to the base, the moving part can move synchronously in the slide groove along the first direction;

[0013] The first rigid support layer, the second rigid support layer, the base, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are made of rigid materials, and the first energy dissipation layer and the second energy dissipation layer are made of rubber.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy dissipation and vibration damping assembly also includes spring supports, which are disposed on both sides of the vibration damping support in the first direction;

[0015] The spring support includes two spring portions arranged parallel to each other at intervals. Each spring portion includes a spring and a first connecting plate. The spring is arranged vertically, and the first connecting plate is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the spring, respectively. The upper first connecting plate is embedded in the prefabricated staircase body.

[0016] The first connecting plate is made of a rigid material.

[0017] Furthermore, the settlement monitoring support includes two second energy dissipation layers, which are spaced apart and arranged in parallel along a first direction; the monitoring unit is located between the two second energy dissipation layers.

[0018] The monitoring unit includes a rotating block, a monitoring rod, a slider, and a pointer;

[0019] The rotating block is fixed to the bottom of the second rigid support layer, and two monitoring rods are hinged to the rotating block. The two monitoring rods are arranged opposite each other with the rotating block as the center, and the two monitoring rods are arranged at a certain angle.

[0020] The end of the monitoring rod away from the rotating block is connected to a slider, the shape of which corresponds to the groove, and the slider is slidably connected in the groove; the slider has the moving position.

[0021] Furthermore, the direction perpendicular to the first direction on the horizontal plane is defined as the second direction;

[0022] The base has a scale engraved on one side in the second direction, and the scale extends along the first direction and is set corresponding to the slide groove;

[0023] The slider has a pointer on the side near the scale, the pointer extends along the second direction and is at least partially located above the scale;

[0024] The pointer has the movement bit on one side in the first direction.

[0025] Furthermore, a second connecting plate is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the second connecting pipe, and the second connecting plate is horizontally arranged;

[0026] The second connecting plate is made of a rigid material.

[0027] Furthermore, the upper end of the prefabricated staircase body is provided with the same number of first connecting holes as the shock-absorbing supports, and the first connecting holes penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the upper end of the prefabricated staircase body.

[0028] The lower end of the prefabricated staircase body is provided with a number of second connecting holes equal to the number of shock-absorbing supports, and the second connecting holes penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the lower end of the prefabricated staircase body.

[0029] The first connecting pipe is embedded in the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase body through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole, respectively.

[0030] Furthermore, in the first direction, the edges of the first rigid support layer and the first energy dissipation layer are flush.

[0031] Furthermore, the first connecting tube is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first rigid support layer located above, such that in the vertical projection, the axis of the first connecting tube coincides with the center of the first rigid support layer located above.

[0032] The second connecting tube is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first rigid support layer located below, such that in the vertical projection, the axis of the second connecting tube coincides with the center of the first rigid support layer located below.

[0033] The present invention also provides a construction method for constructing the above-mentioned prefabricated staircase, which includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Adhere the two first rigid support layers to the upper and lower surfaces of the first energy dissipation layer respectively, and then weld the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe to the upper surface of the upper first rigid support layer and the lower surface of the lower first rigid support layer respectively.

[0035] S2. Adhere the second energy dissipation layer to the bottom of the second rigid support layer, and then adhere the second energy dissipation layer to the top of the base; then install the monitoring unit between the second rigid support layer and the base, and make the moving part slide connected to the groove of the base;

[0036] S3. Embed the second connecting pipe and the base in the ladder beam;

[0037] S4. Hoist the prefabricated staircase body and pass the first connecting pipe through the prefabricated staircase body, and then fix the prefabricated staircase body to the first connecting pipe.

[0038] S5. Fill the gap between the stair beams and the prefabricated staircase body with filling material.

[0039] Furthermore, step S1-1 is included before step S1;

[0040] Step S1-1: Polish the surfaces of the first rigid support layer, the first energy dissipation layer, the second rigid support layer, and the second energy dissipation layer.

[0041] The prefabricated staircase and its construction method provided by this invention have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0042] This invention provides a prefabricated staircase, comprising a prefabricated staircase body and energy dissipation and vibration reduction components. Utilizing the hysteretic energy dissipation characteristics of rubber, a first and second energy dissipation layer made of rubber increases the overall damping of the prefabricated staircase, effectively reducing the vibration amplitude of the prefabricated staircase under earthquake and wind-induced vibration, thereby reducing the horizontal displacement, inter-story displacement, and inter-story shear force of the staircase. This effectively reduces the jump displacement of the staircase at the epicenter and prevents the prefabricated staircase body from detaching from the stair beams. Furthermore, through a first rigid support layer, a first connecting pipe, and a second connecting pipe located on the upper and lower sides of the first energy dissipation layer, the first energy dissipation layer is effectively connected to the prefabricated staircase body and the stair beams, connecting the prefabricated staircase body and the stair beams to form a building staircase for normal up-and-down use. Compared to existing energy dissipation and vibration reduction systems, the energy dissipation and vibration reduction components have a simple structure, and the rigid materials and rubber required for manufacturing the components are easily found on the construction site, significantly reducing production and construction costs.

[0043] Furthermore, since the energy dissipation and vibration reduction capabilities of the first and second energy dissipation layers are directly related to their deformation energy consumption, and rubber materials will undergo inelastic deformation under long-term pressure, the energy dissipation and vibration reduction effects of the first and second energy dissipation layers will decline, failing to achieve the expected energy dissipation and vibration reduction effect. Therefore, it is necessary to further determine whether the energy dissipation and vibration reduction components have complete energy dissipation and vibration reduction functions based on the deformation of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction components under the self-weight of the staircase and pedestrian live loads. The settlement monitoring support monitors the displacement value of the second rigid support layer relative to the base in the sliding groove after the second rigid support layer moves vertically relative to the base under the self-weight of the staircase and pedestrian live loads, thereby obtaining the deformation of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction components. This facilitates the determination of whether the energy dissipation and vibration reduction components have complete energy dissipation and vibration reduction functions during construction, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the prefabricated staircase.

[0044] This invention also provides a construction method, which involves first fabricating the shock-absorbing supports and settlement monitoring supports separately, and then pre-embedding them in the ladder beams via a second connecting pipe and a base to achieve a fixed connection between the shock-absorbing supports and settlement monitoring supports and the ladder beams; hoisting the prefabricated stair body and fixing it to the first connecting pipe to achieve a fixed connection between the shock-absorbing supports and the prefabricated stair body, thereby fixing the prefabricated stair body and the ladder beams to form a building stair structure, and filling the gap between the ladder beams and the prefabricated stair body with filling material to ensure that the building staircase is flat and usable for pedestrians to go up and down the stairs. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the connection structure of a prefabricated staircase and ladder beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2This is a structural schematic diagram of a shock-absorbing support in a prefabricated staircase according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of a settlement monitoring support in a prefabricated staircase according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of region A in the middle;

[0049] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the connection structure of a prefabricated staircase and ladder beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of a construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] In the diagram, 100 is the prefabricated staircase; 200 is the stair beam; 1 is the prefabricated staircase body; 11 is the first connecting hole; 12 is the second connection; 2 is the energy dissipation and vibration damping component; 21 is the vibration damping support; 211 is the first rigid support layer; 212 is the first energy dissipation layer; 213 is the first connecting pipe; 214 is the second connecting pipe; 215 is the second connecting plate; 22 is the settlement monitoring support; 221 is the second rigid support layer; 222 is the second energy dissipation layer; 223 is the base; 2230 is the slide; 224 is the monitoring part; 2241 is the rotating block; 2242 is the monitoring rod; 23 is the spring support; 231 is the spring part; 2311 is the spring; and 2312 is the first connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0053] like Figures 1-5 As shown, an assembly staircase 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a prefabricated staircase body 1 and an energy dissipation and vibration damping component 2; the energy dissipation and vibration damping component 2 is provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated staircase body 1; the length direction of the steps of the prefabricated staircase body 1 is defined as the first direction X.

[0054] The energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 includes a vibration reduction support 21 and a settlement monitoring support 22; in the first direction X, the vibration reduction support 21 is respectively provided on both sides of the settlement monitoring support 22;

[0055] The shock-absorbing support 21 includes a first rigid support layer 211, a first energy dissipation layer 212, and a connecting pipe; the first rigid support layer 211 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the first energy dissipation layer 212, and the connecting pipe is vertically fixed to the side surface of the two first rigid support layers 211 facing away from the first energy dissipation layer 212; the connecting pipe located at the upper position is defined as the first connecting pipe 213, and the connecting pipe located at the lower position is defined as the second connecting pipe 214; the first connecting pipe 213 is embedded in the prefabricated staircase body;

[0056] The settlement monitoring support 22 includes a second rigid support layer 221, a second energy dissipation layer 222, a base 223, and a monitoring unit 224; the second rigid support layer 221, the second energy dissipation layer 222, and the base 223 are fixedly connected from top to bottom; the second rigid support layer 221 is connected to the prefabricated staircase body 1.

[0057] The base 223 has a sliding groove 2230 that extends along the first direction X; the monitoring part 224 is located between the second rigid support layer 221 and the base 223, and the monitoring part 224 has a movable position that is slidably connected to the sliding groove 2230.

[0058] When the second rigid support layer 221 moves in the vertical direction relative to the base 223, the moving part can move synchronously in the slide groove 2230 along the first direction X.

[0059] The first rigid support layer 211, the second rigid support layer 221, the base 223, the first connecting pipe 213 and the second connecting pipe 214 are made of rigid materials, and the first energy dissipation layer 212 and the second energy dissipation layer 222 are made of rubber.

[0060] Based on the above technical solution, relying on the hysteretic energy dissipation characteristics of rubber, the first energy dissipation layer 212 and the second energy dissipation layer 222 made of rubber can increase the overall damping of the prefabricated staircase 100, thereby effectively reducing the vibration amplitude of the prefabricated staircase 100 under earthquake and wind vibration, and thus reducing the horizontal displacement, inter-story displacement and inter-story shear force of the staircase. This can effectively reduce the jump displacement of the staircase at the epicenter and prevent the prefabricated staircase body 1 from falling off the stair beam. Furthermore, through the first rigid support layer 211, the first connecting pipe 213 and the second connecting pipe 214 located on the upper and lower sides of the first energy dissipation layer 212, the first energy dissipation layer 212 can be effectively connected to the prefabricated staircase body 1 and the stair beam, so that the prefabricated staircase body 1 and the stair beam are connected to form a building staircase for normal up and down use. Moreover, compared with the existing energy dissipation and vibration reduction system, the structure of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 is simple, and the rigid materials and rubber required to make the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 are easy to find on the construction site, which can greatly reduce production and construction costs.

[0061] Furthermore, since the energy dissipation and vibration reduction capabilities of the first energy dissipation layer 212 and the second energy dissipation layer 222 are directly related to their own deformation energy consumption, and the rubber material will undergo inelastic deformation under long-term pressure, the energy dissipation and vibration reduction effects of the first energy dissipation layer 212 and the second energy dissipation layer 222 will decline, failing to achieve the expected energy dissipation and vibration reduction effect. Therefore, it is necessary to further determine whether the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 has a complete energy dissipation and vibration reduction function based on the deformation of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 under the weight of the staircase and the live load of pedestrians. The settlement monitoring support 22 sets a monitoring part 224 on the second rigid support layer 221 and the base 223 to monitor the displacement value of the second rigid support layer 221 relative to the base 223 in the vertical direction under the weight of the staircase and the live load of pedestrians, thereby obtaining the deformation of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2. This facilitates the determination of whether the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 has a complete energy dissipation and vibration reduction function during construction, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the prefabricated staircase 100.

[0062] Preferably, in this embodiment, the first rigid support layer 211, the second rigid support layer 221, and the base 223 are made of steel plates, and the first connecting pipe 213 and the second connecting pipe 214 are made of steel pipes. There are usually many steel plates and steel pipes on the construction site, which facilitates on-site material processing and reduces production and transportation costs.

[0063] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the settlement monitoring support 22 is centrally connected to the lower surface of the prefabricated staircase body 1, so that the self-weight of the staircase and the live load of pedestrians can be evenly distributed in the settlement monitoring support 22.

[0064] Preferably, such as Figure 1 As shown, the two damping supports 21 are symmetrically arranged with the settlement monitoring support 22 as the center to balance the load of the two damping supports 21.

[0065] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, to further enhance the shock absorption capacity and provide anchoring and tying to prevent the staircase from jumping and falling under earthquake conditions, the energy dissipation and shock absorption component 2 also includes a spring support 23, which is located on both sides of the shock absorption support 21 in the first direction X. The spring support 23 includes two parallel spring parts 231 spaced apart, each spring part 231 including a spring 2311 and a first connecting plate 2312. The spring 2311 is vertically arranged, and the first connecting plate 2312 is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the spring 2311 respectively. The first connecting plate 2312 located at the top is embedded in the prefabricated staircase body 1. The first connecting plate 2312 is made of rigid material.

[0066] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in order to facilitate the placement of the monitoring unit 224 between the second rigid support layer 221 and the base 223, the settlement monitoring support 22 includes two second energy dissipation layers 222, which are spaced apart and arranged in parallel along the first direction X; the monitoring unit 224 is located between the two second energy dissipation layers 222.

[0067] The monitoring unit 224 includes a rotating block 2241, a monitoring rod 2242, a slider (not shown in the figure), and a pointer (not shown in the figure); the rotating block 2241 is fixed to the bottom of the second rigid support layer 221, and two monitoring rods 2242 are hinged to the rotating block 2241. The two monitoring rods 2242 are arranged opposite each other with the rotating block 2241 as the center, and the two monitoring rods 2242 are arranged at a certain angle; the end of the monitoring rod 2242 away from the rotating block 2241 is connected to the slider, the shape of the slider corresponds to the slide groove 2230, and the slider is slidably connected in the slide groove 2230; the slider has the moving position. The rotating block 2241 and the monitoring rod 2242 are used to rotate the monitoring rod 2242, which is hinged to the rotating block 2241, when the second rigid support layer 221 moves vertically relative to the base 223. This rotation causes the slider to move in the groove, thereby moving the displacement position and determining the deformation of the energy dissipation and vibration damping component 2. Furthermore, the use of two monitoring rods 2242 makes the monitoring unit 224 structure more stable.

[0068] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, to facilitate direct reading of the displacement value of the moving position, the direction perpendicular to the first direction X on the horizontal plane is defined as the second direction Y; a scale (not shown in the figure) is engraved on one side of the base 223 in the second direction Y, the scale extends along the first direction and is correspondingly arranged with the slide groove 2230; a pointer (not shown in the figure) is provided on the side of the slider near the scale, the pointer extends along the second direction Y and is at least partially located above the scale; the moving position is located on the side of the pointer in the first direction X. By using the pointer and the scale, the position corresponding to the moving position before and after the action of the staircase's self-weight and pedestrian live load can be directly read, thereby obtaining the displacement value of the moving position.

[0069] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5As shown, a second connecting plate 215 is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the second connecting pipe 214. The second connecting plate 215 is horizontally arranged and made of rigid material. The second connecting plate 215 connects the second connecting pipe 214 to the ladder beam, ensuring the horizontality of the vibration damping support 21 and increasing the pull-out resistance of the second connecting pipe 214 embedded in the ladder beam.

[0070] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the upper end of the prefabricated staircase body 1 has the same number of first connecting holes 11 as the shock-absorbing support 21, and the first connecting holes 11 penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the upper end of the prefabricated staircase body 1; the lower end of the prefabricated staircase body 1 has the same number of second connecting holes 12 as the shock-absorbing support 21, and the second connecting holes 12 penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the lower end of the prefabricated staircase body 1; the first connecting pipe 213 is respectively embedded in the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase body 1 through the first connecting holes 11 and the second connecting holes 12. This allows the shock-absorbing support 21 to be separated from the prefabricated staircase body 1 and replaced if the shock-absorbing support 21 is damaged or its energy dissipation and vibration reduction function is incomplete and unable to perform energy dissipation and vibration reduction.

[0071] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the first direction X, the edges of the first rigid support layer 211 and the first energy dissipation layer 212 are flush; so that the first rigid support layer 211 and the first energy dissipation layer 212 can distribute the load evenly when under force, avoiding local stress concentration, thereby improving the overall stability and durability of the shock absorber 21.

[0072] Similarly, such as Figure 5 As shown, in the second direction Y, the edges of the first rigid support layer 211 and the first energy dissipation layer 212 are flush.

[0073] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5As shown, the first connecting pipe 213 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the upper rigid support layer 211, such that in the vertical projection, the axis of the first connecting pipe 213 coincides with the center of the upper rigid support layer 211; the second connecting pipe 214 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the lower rigid support layer 211, such that in the vertical projection, the axis of the second connecting pipe 214 coincides with the center of the lower rigid support layer 211. This enhances the overall stability between the first rigid support layer 211 and the first connecting pipe 213 or the second connecting pipe 214, enabling the shock absorber 21 to maintain better integrity and reduce local damage when subjected to external forces such as earthquakes or wind vibrations.

[0074] like Figure 6 As shown, the present invention also provides a construction method for constructing the above-mentioned prefabricated staircase 100, comprising the following steps:

[0075] S1. The two first rigid support layers 211 are respectively bonded to the upper and lower surfaces of the first energy dissipation layer 212, and the first connecting pipe 213 and the second connecting pipe 214 are respectively welded to the upper surface of the upper first rigid support layer 211 and the lower surface of the lower first rigid support layer 211.

[0076] S2. Adhere the second energy dissipation layer 222 to the bottom of the second rigid support layer 221, and adhere the second energy dissipation layer 222 to the top of the base 223; then install the monitoring unit 224 between the second rigid support layer 221 and the base 223, and make the moving part slide connected in the groove 2230 of the base 223;

[0077] S3. Embed the second connecting pipe 214 and the base 223 in the ladder beam;

[0078] S4. Hoist the prefabricated stair body 1 and pass the first connecting pipe 213 through the prefabricated stair body 1, and then fix the prefabricated stair body 1 and the first connecting pipe 213 to the prefabricated stair body 1.

[0079] S5. Fill the gap between the ladder beam 200 and the prefabricated stair body 1 with filling material.

[0080] Based on the above technical solution, the shock-absorbing support 21 and the settlement monitoring support 22 are first manufactured separately. Then, they are pre-embedded in the ladder beam 200 through the second connecting pipe 214 and the base 223 to achieve a fixed connection between the shock-absorbing support 21 and the settlement monitoring support 22 and the ladder beam 200. The prefabricated stair body 1 is hoisted and fixedly connected to the first connecting pipe 213 to achieve a fixed connection between the shock-absorbing support 21 and the prefabricated stair body 1. Thus, the prefabricated stair body 1 and the ladder beam 200 are fixedly connected to form a building stair structure. The gap between the ladder beam 200 and the prefabricated stair body 1 is filled with filling material to ensure that the building stair is flat and can be used by pedestrians to go up and down the stairs.

[0081] Furthermore, step S1-1 is included before step S1;

[0082] Step S1-1: Polish the surfaces of the first rigid support layer 211, the first energy dissipation layer 212, the second rigid support layer 221, and the second energy dissipation layer 222. Polishing increases the surface roughness of the first rigid support layer 211, the first energy dissipation layer 212, the second rigid support layer 221, and the second energy dissipation layer 222, thereby increasing the bonding contact area and ensuring the bonding effect.

[0083] Preferably, step S1-2 is further included between steps S1-1 and S1;

[0084] Step S1-2: Clean the oil and rust from the surfaces of the first rigid support layer 211 and the second rigid support layer 221; then apply a metallic anti-rust paint to the surfaces of the first rigid support layer 211 and the second rigid support layer 221. Cleaning the surface oil and rust prevents them from affecting the bonding effect; applying the metallic anti-rust paint protects the first rigid support layer 211 and the second rigid support layer 221, preventing secondary pollution or metal corrosion that could affect the service life of the energy dissipation and vibration damping component 2.

[0085] Preferably, step S1 specifically includes:

[0086] Apply glue to the bonding surfaces of the first rigid support layer 211 and the first energy dissipation layer 212. After the glue dries, apply another layer of glue and bond the two first rigid support layers 211 to the upper and lower surfaces of the first energy dissipation layer 212 respectively. Then, use a rubber hammer to pound the first rigid support layer 211.

[0087] Then, the first connecting pipe 213 and the second connecting pipe 214 are respectively fully welded to the upper surface of the upper first hard support layer 211 and the lower surface of the lower first hard support layer 211 on all four sides.

[0088] Applying adhesive twice ensures its uniformity and wettability, and pounding with a rubber mallet ensures a firm bond. Full welding on all four sides guarantees a stable connection between the steel pipe and the steel plate.

[0089] Similarly, step S2 specifically includes:

[0090] Apply adhesive to the bonding surfaces of the second rigid support layer 221, the second energy dissipation layer 222, and the base 223. After the adhesive dries, apply another layer of adhesive to bond the second energy dissipation layer 222 to the bottom of the second rigid support layer 221 and to the top of the base 223. Then, install the monitoring unit 224 between the second rigid support layer 221 and the base 223, and make the moving part slide connected in the groove 2230 of the base 223.

[0091] Preferably, step S3 specifically includes:

[0092] S3-1. Embed the second connecting pipe 214 and the base 223 in the ladder beam 200;

[0093] S3-2. The first connecting plate 2312 in the spring support 23 is pre-embedded in the ladder beam 200 to complete the connection between the energy dissipation and vibration reduction assembly 2 and the ladder beam 200.

[0094] Preferably, step S4 specifically includes:

[0095] S4-1. Hoist the prefabricated stair body 1, and make the first connecting pipe 213 pass through the first connecting hole 11 and the second connecting hole 12 of the prefabricated stair body 1 respectively.

[0096] S4-2. Grouting material is injected into the first connecting hole 11 and the second connecting hole 12 to seal the first connecting hole 11 and the second connecting hole 12, so as to fix the prefabricated stair body 1 to the first connecting pipe 213.

[0097] Preferably, step S5 specifically includes:

[0098] S5-1. Use polystyrene foam and PE rods in sequence to fill the gap between the stair beam 200 and the prefabricated stair body 1.

[0099] S5-2. Continue to fill the mortar on the upper surface of the PE rod and smooth it.

[0100] This ensures that the connection between the ladder beam 200 and the precast stair body 1 is flat, dense, and smooth, thereby improving the construction quality.

[0101] In summary, this embodiment of the invention provides a prefabricated staircase 100, which includes a prefabricated staircase body 1 and an energy dissipation and vibration damping component 2. Utilizing the hysteretic energy dissipation characteristics of rubber, the first energy dissipation layer 212 and the second energy dissipation layer 222, both made of rubber, can increase the overall damping of the prefabricated staircase 100, thereby effectively reducing the vibration amplitude of the prefabricated staircase 100 under earthquakes and wind-induced vibrations. This, in turn, reduces the horizontal displacement, inter-story displacement, and inter-story shear force of the staircase, effectively reducing the jump displacement of the staircase at the epicenter and preventing the prefabricated staircase body 1 from... The energy dissipation layer 212 is detached from the ladder beam; then, through the first rigid support layer 211, the first connecting pipe 213 and the second connecting pipe 214 located on the upper and lower sides of the first energy dissipation layer 212, the first energy dissipation layer 212 can be effectively connected to the prefabricated stair body 1 and the ladder beam, so that the prefabricated stair body 1 and the ladder beam are connected to form a building staircase for normal up and down use; and compared with the existing energy dissipation and vibration reduction system, the structure of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 is simple, and the rigid materials and rubber required to make the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 are easy to find on the construction site, which can greatly reduce production and construction costs.

[0102] Furthermore, since the energy dissipation and vibration reduction capabilities of the first energy dissipation layer 212 and the second energy dissipation layer 222 are directly related to their own deformation energy consumption, and the rubber material will undergo inelastic deformation under long-term pressure, the energy dissipation and vibration reduction effects of the first energy dissipation layer 212 and the second energy dissipation layer 222 will decline, failing to achieve the expected energy dissipation and vibration reduction effect. Therefore, it is necessary to further determine whether the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 has a complete energy dissipation and vibration reduction function based on the deformation of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 under the weight of the staircase and the live load of pedestrians. The settlement monitoring support 22 sets a monitoring part 224 on the second rigid support layer 221 and the base 223 to monitor the displacement value of the second rigid support layer 221 relative to the base 223 in the vertical direction under the weight of the staircase and the live load of pedestrians, thereby obtaining the deformation of the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2. This facilitates the determination of whether the energy dissipation and vibration reduction component 2 has a complete energy dissipation and vibration reduction function during construction, thereby ensuring the construction quality of the prefabricated staircase 100.

[0103] The present invention also provides a construction method, which involves first fabricating the shock-absorbing support 21 and the settlement monitoring support 22, and then pre-embedding them in the ladder beam 200 through the second connecting pipe 214 and the base 223 to achieve a fixed connection between the shock-absorbing support 21 and the settlement monitoring support 22 and the ladder beam 200; hoisting the prefabricated stair body 1 and fixing the prefabricated stair body 1 to the first connecting pipe 213 to achieve a fixed connection between the shock-absorbing support 21 and the prefabricated stair body 1, thereby fixing the prefabricated stair body 1 and the ladder beam 200 to form a building stair structure, and filling the gap between the ladder beam 200 and the prefabricated stair body 1 with filling material to ensure that the building stair is flat and can be used by pedestrians to go up and down the stairs.

[0104] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated staircase, characterized in that, Includes prefabricated staircase body and energy dissipation and vibration reduction components; The energy dissipation and vibration damping components are provided on both the upper and lower surfaces of the prefabricated staircase body; the length direction of the steps of the prefabricated staircase body is defined as the first direction; The energy dissipation and vibration reduction assembly includes a vibration damping support and a settlement monitoring support; in the first direction, the vibration damping support is provided on both sides of the settlement monitoring support; The shock-absorbing support includes a first rigid support layer, a first energy dissipation layer, and a connecting pipe; the first rigid support layer is fixedly connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the first energy dissipation layer, and the connecting pipe is vertically fixed to the side surface of the two first rigid support layers facing away from the first energy dissipation layer; the connecting pipe located at the upper part is defined as the first connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe located at the lower part is defined as the second connecting pipe; the first connecting pipe is embedded in the prefabricated staircase body. The settlement monitoring support includes a second rigid support layer, a second energy dissipation layer, a base, and a monitoring unit; the second rigid support layer, the second energy dissipation layer, and the base are fixedly connected from top to bottom; the second rigid support layer is connected to the prefabricated staircase body. The base has a sliding groove that extends along the first direction; the monitoring unit is located between the second rigid support layer and the base, and the monitoring unit has a movable position that is slidably connected in the sliding groove. The settlement monitoring support includes two second energy dissipation layers, which are spaced apart and arranged in parallel along a first direction; the monitoring unit is located between the two second energy dissipation layers. The monitoring unit includes a rotating block, a monitoring rod, a slider, and a pointer; The rotating block is fixed to the bottom of the second rigid support layer, and two monitoring rods are hinged to the rotating block. The two monitoring rods are arranged opposite each other with the rotating block as the center, and the two monitoring rods are arranged at a certain angle. The end of the monitoring rod away from the rotating block is connected to a slider, the shape of which corresponds to the groove, and the slider is slidably connected in the groove; the slider has the moving position. When the second rigid support layer moves vertically relative to the base, the moving part can move synchronously in the slide groove along the first direction; The first rigid support layer, the second rigid support layer, the base, the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe are made of rigid materials, and the first energy dissipation layer and the second energy dissipation layer are made of rubber.

2. The prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation and vibration damping assembly also includes spring supports, which are disposed on both sides of the vibration damping support in the first direction; The spring support includes two spring portions arranged parallel to each other at intervals. Each spring portion includes a spring and a first connecting plate. The spring is arranged vertically, and the first connecting plate is fixed to the upper and lower ends of the spring, respectively. The first connecting plate located at the top is embedded in the prefabricated staircase body. The first connecting plate is made of a rigid material.

3. The prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Define the direction perpendicular to the first direction on the horizontal plane as the second direction; The base has a scale engraved on one side in the second direction, and the scale extends along the first direction and is correspondingly set to the slide groove; The slider has a pointer on the side near the scale, the pointer extends along the second direction and is at least partially located above the scale; The pointer has the movement bit on one side in the first direction.

4. The prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A second connecting plate is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the second connecting pipe, and the second connecting plate is horizontally arranged; The second connecting plate is made of a rigid material.

5. The prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the prefabricated staircase body is provided with the same number of first connecting holes as the shock-absorbing supports, and the first connecting holes penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the upper end of the prefabricated staircase body. The lower end of the prefabricated staircase body is provided with a number of second connecting holes equal to the number of shock-absorbing supports, and the second connecting holes penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the lower end of the prefabricated staircase body. The first connecting pipe is embedded in the upper and lower ends of the prefabricated staircase body through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole, respectively.

6. The prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the first direction, the edges of the first rigid support layer and the first energy dissipation layer are flush.

7. The prefabricated staircase as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first connecting tube is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the first rigid support layer located above, such that in the vertical projection, the axis of the first connecting tube coincides with the center of the first rigid support layer located above. The second connecting tube is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first rigid support layer located below, such that in the vertical projection, the axis of the second connecting tube coincides with the center of the first rigid support layer located below.

8. A construction method for constructing a prefabricated staircase as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Adhere the two first rigid support layers to the upper and lower surfaces of the first energy dissipation layer respectively, and then weld the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe to the upper surface of the upper first rigid support layer and the lower surface of the lower first rigid support layer respectively. S2. Adhere the second energy dissipation layer to the bottom of the second rigid support layer, and then adhere the second energy dissipation layer to the top of the base; then install the monitoring unit between the second rigid support layer and the base, and make the moving part slide connected to the groove of the base; S3. Embed the second connecting pipe and the base in the ladder beam; S4. Hoist the prefabricated staircase body and pass the first connecting pipe through the prefabricated staircase body, and then fix the prefabricated staircase body to the first connecting pipe. S5. Fill the gap between the stair beams and the prefabricated staircase body with filling material.

9. The construction method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Step S1 is preceded by step S1-1; Step S1-1: Polish the surfaces of the first rigid support layer, the first energy dissipation layer, the second rigid support layer, and the second energy dissipation layer.

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