Construction method of cobblestone masonry double-layer cave dwelling in northern Shaanxi region on loess high slope

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to a construction method of a cobblestone masonry double-layer cave dwelling in the northern Shaanxi area on a loess high slope. Comprising the following steps that firstly, a site with the terrace height being at least 5 m is selected, then a foundation is dug on the vertical face, and the foundation is built through cobblestones; secondly, a main body structure is constructed; step 3, building a second-storey building; fourthly, an awning is constructed; fifthly, detail treatment is conducted, cobblestone gaps are pointing, and the gaps are wiped with lime; sixthly, formwork removal is conducted on the second layer of cave dwellings, and earth cutting is conducted on the first layer of cave dwellings; 7, plastering the interior of the cave with a plastering material prepared from wheat straw and daub; 8, the interior of the cave dwelling is subjected to white scraping treatment; the cobblestones outside the cave dwelling do not need to be decorated and dressed, are totally natural, are well integrated with the strong decorous feeling of the loess high slope Shaanbei region, and are derived from the nature and higher than the nature. The device is unique, practical, economical, green, environment-friendly, firm and capable of saving courtyard sites. The popularization value is very high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a construction method for a double-layer cave dwelling built with cobblestones on a loess plateau in northern Shaanxi. Background Art

[0002] Northern Shaanxi is located on a loess plateau, with uneven terrain and few plains. Consequently, the courtyards of local residents are often built along the hillsides, forming a staggered pattern. This unique geographical location limits space, especially for family courtyards, where vacant space is rare.

[0003] Natural pebbles (hard stones found on the Yellow River floodplain, resistant to weathering and generally rounded, hence the name pebbles) typically range in diameter from 300mm to 800mm and require a diamond cutting blade to cut them into rectangular shapes. Width and height can be uniform, and length can be freely cut to the naturally formed dimensions.

[0004] Natural pebbles have an inherent beauty. There are no two pebbles in the world that are exactly the same in shape or even color. After cutting, the surface is flat and smooth, the color is bright, the stone is extremely hard, and when built, the edges and corners are clear and the lines are straight. The compressive strength is twice that of conventional concrete. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a method for constructing a double-layer cave dwelling by building cobblestones on a loess plateau in northern Shaanxi.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a construction method of a double-layer cave dwelling built with pebbles on a loess plateau in northern Shaanxi, comprising the following steps: First, choose a site with a floor height of at least 5m, then dig the foundation on the facade. The foundation is a strip foundation. Dig a plain soil trench and replace it with 37% ash soil. Then start building the foundation on the ash soil. The foundation is built with pebbles, with a height of 500mm and a length that is the same as the cave foundation outline. The second step is the construction of the main structure. The walls on both sides of the cave, namely the cave legs, are built with cut pebbles. The height is 3m. After the masonry is completed, the soil is dug and cut on the top of the floor to form a semicircular top form of the cave outline. Pebbles are then laid on the top of the semicircular adobe. The pebbles on the top form an inverted pyramid. The trapezoidal pebbles are laid upside down and squeezed tightly one by one, in a state of mutual engagement. When the upper part is subjected to force, the compressive stress of the trapezoidal pebbles is dispersed and evenly distributed on the vertical walls on both sides, which can withstand greater compressive stress. After the top is built, the inner contour of the top plate is filled with 37% ash soil, compacted layer by layer, and the thickness is 500mm. Then, crushed stone is used to cast a cushion layer as a ground bottom layer. The third step is to build the second floor. The 800mm wide range of the walls on both sides continues to be built upward with pebbles to a height of 3m. After the masonry is completed, the formwork is supported in the second floor room. The top of the formwork is semicircular. Trapezoidal pebbles are used to build an inverted pyramid again. They are squeezed tightly one by one and are in a state of mutual engagement. The top plate is completed; rectangular pebbles are used to build the parapet. Then, 37 ash soil is used to fill and tamp the top pit of the semicircular top plate to 500mm above the highest point. The waterproof membrane is laid on the upper part. The fourth step is the canopy construction. The canopy is constructed by cantilevering concrete beams from the second-floor roof, then constructing the canopy panels on the beams and pouring reinforced concrete structures. The fifth step is detail processing, grouting the gaps between the cobblestones, using white lime to rub the seams, the cobblestone gaps are rough, and a hook knife is used to hook them into rectangular concave seams; The sixth step is to remove the mold of the second cave and dig the soil of the first cave; The seventh step is to apply plastering material made of straw and clay to the interior of the cave; Step 8: Whitewash the interior of the cave.

[0007] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, in the first step, the foundation shape is a rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 9m, a width of 1.2m, and a height of 4.2m. The height of the 37 ash soil replaced in the trench is 1.5m.

[0008] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, 1:2.5 cement mortar is used for cobblestone masonry.

[0009] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, the diameter of the semicircular cave outline in the second step is 4.0m.

[0010] As a further limitation of the technical solution of the present invention, in the third step, 15 mm multilayer boards are used to support the formwork, and the diameter of the semicircular formwork is 4.0 m.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The cobblestone exterior of the cave dwelling requires no embellishment, blending seamlessly with the rich, profound atmosphere of the Loess Plateau region of northern Shaanxi. This design possesses both high artistic value and research significance. The overall aesthetic resembles the style of European and American villas, deriving from nature while transcending it. It possesses a unique, noble, and elegant style. Practical, economical, and environmentally friendly, the double-layered cobblestone cave dwelling is not only sturdy and durable, but also reduces its floor area, increasing the courtyard space. This design holds great potential for promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a site with a higher floor.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of digging the foundation on the facade.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of replacing the 37 ash soil in the foundation and building the walls on both sides of the cave.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of digging and cutting the soil on the top of the floor to form the outline of a semicircular cave.

[0016] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of laying pebbles on top of a semicircular adobe.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the support formwork inside the second floor when building a second-floor building.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the completed second-floor building.

[0019] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a double-layer cave dwelling with a parapet.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a side elevation view of a double-story cave dwelling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1

[0022] A construction method for double-layer cave dwellings built with pebbles on loess plateaus in northern Shaanxi. Figure 1-8 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: Choose a site with a high floor and dig a strip foundation. Dig a 4.5m deep trench in the original soil (foundation soil) with a width of 1200mm. The foundation is a rectangular 9m x 4.2m shape. Replace the trench with 37% lime soil to a depth of 1.5m. Then, build the foundation using pebbles. The foundation is 1200mm wide, 500mm high, and the length follows the outline of the cave foundation. Use a 1:2.5 cement mortar for the masonry.

[0023] The second step: construction of the main structure. Use cut pebbles to build the walls on both sides of the cave (kiln legs), with a height of 3m. After the construction is completed, people start digging and cutting the soil on the ground, and cut the original top surface, that is, the top soil layer within the outline of the cave, into a semicircle. After the original top surface site is cut into a semicircular top mold, pebbles are laid on the top of the semicircular (diameter 4.0m) adobe. The pebbles on the top form a trapezoid (inverted pyramid). The trapezoidal pebbles are laid upside down, squeezed tightly one by one, and are in a state of mutual engagement. When the upper part is subjected to force, the compressive stress of the trapezoidal pebbles is dispersed and evenly distributed on the vertical walls on both sides, which can withstand large compressive stress.

[0024] After the top is built, the inner contour of the top plate is filled with 37% lime soil and compacted layer by layer to a thickness of 500mm. Then, a crushed stone cushion layer is poured as the ground floor.

[0025] Step 3: Build the second floor. Continue to use pebbles to build the walls on both sides within a width of 800mm, and the height is 3m. The construction is completed. Start to support the formwork indoors on the second floor. The top of the formwork is semicircular, and 15mm multi-layer boards are used to support the formwork. The top plate is semicircular with a diameter of 4.0m. After the formwork is completed, trapezoidal pebbles are used to build the inverted pyramid again. Squeeze them one by one, and they are in a state of mutual engagement, and the top plate is completed. Rectangular pebbles are used to continue to build the parapet height within the semicircular height range, and then 37 ash soil is used to fill and tamp the semicircular top pit of the top plate 500mm above the highest point. Use two layers of waterproof membrane on the upper part.

[0026] Step 4: Canopy construction. The second floor needs a canopy. The canopy is constructed by cantilevering concrete beams from the second floor roof, then constructing the canopy board on the beams. The reinforced concrete structure is then poured.

[0027] Step 5: Detailed processing, fill the gaps between the cobblestones with white lime. The gaps between the cobblestones are rough and are filled with a hook knife to form rectangular concave seams.

[0028] Step 6: Remove the mold of the second-floor cave and dig the soil of the first-floor cave.

[0029] Step 7: The interior of the cave is plastered with a mixture of wheat straw and clay.

[0030] Step 8: Shake the inside and scrape it white.

[0031] Step 9: Other decoration methods.

[0032] The cobblestone exterior of the cave dwelling requires no embellishment, blending seamlessly with the rich, heavy feel of the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. Derived from nature, yet transcending nature, it is unique, practical, economical, environmentally friendly, sturdy, and space-saving. It is highly worthy of promotion.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a double-layer cave dwelling with cobblestones on a loess high slope in northern Shaanxi, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: First, choose a site with a floor height of at least 5m, and then dig the foundation on the facade. The foundation is a strip foundation. Dig out a plain soil trench, replace the trench with 37% lime soil, and then start building the foundation on the lime soil. The foundation is built with pebbles, with a height of 500mm and a length that is the same as the cave foundation outline; The second step is the construction of the main structure. The walls on both sides of the cave, namely the cave legs, are built with cut pebbles. The height is 3m. After the construction is completed, the soil is dug and cut on the top of the floor to form a semicircular top mold of the cave outline. Then, pebbles are built on the top of the semicircular adobe. The pebbles on the top form an inverted pyramid. The trapezoidal pebbles are built upside down and squeezed tightly one by one, in a state of mutual engagement. After the top is built, the inner contour of the top plate is filled with 37% lime soil, which is compacted layer by layer to a thickness of 500mm. Then, crushed stone is used to cast the cushion layer as a ground bottom layer. The third step is to build the second floor. The 800mm wide range of the walls on both sides continues to be built upward with pebbles, with a height of 3m. After the masonry is completed, the formwork is supported in the second floor room. The top of the formwork is semicircular, and trapezoidal pebbles are used to build an inverted pyramid again. They are squeezed one by one and are in a state of mutual engagement. The top plate is completed; rectangular pebbles are used to continue to build the parapet, and then the top pit of the semicircular top plate is filled and compacted with 37 ash soil to 500mm above the highest point, and the waterproof membrane is laid on the upper part; The fourth step is the canopy construction. The canopy is constructed by cantilevering concrete beams from the second-floor roof, then constructing the canopy board on the beams and pouring reinforced concrete structure; The fifth step is detail processing. The gaps between the pebbles are grouted. White lime is used to rub the joints. The gaps between the pebbles are rough and are hooked into rectangular concave joints with a hook knife. Step 6: Remove the mold of the second cave and dig the soil of the first cave; The seventh step is to apply plastering material made of straw and clay to the inside of the cave; The eighth step is to whitewash the interior of the cave.

2. The method for constructing a double-layer cave dwelling with cobblestones on a loess high slope in northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first step, the foundation shape is a rectangular parallelepiped, with a length of 9m, a width of 1.2m, and a height of 4.2m. The height of the 37 ash soil replaced in the trench is 1.5m.

3. The method for constructing a double-layer cave dwelling with cobblestones on a loess high slope in northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that: When laying pebbles, 1:2.5 cement mortar is used.

4. The method for constructing a double-layer cave dwelling with cobblestones on a loess plateau in northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the semicircular cave outline in the second step is 4.0m.

5. The method for constructing a double-layer cave dwelling with cobblestones on a loess plateau in northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the third step, 15mm multilayer boards are used for supporting the formwork, and the diameter of the semicircular formwork is 4.0m.

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