Hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and discharging hydrogen

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrogen storage device capable of quickly storing and discharging hydrogen, which comprises a tank body (1), a gas guide tube (2) and hydrogen storage powder (3), the tank body is cylindrical, one end of the tank body is closed, the other end of the tank body is contracted to form a hydrogen port (11), a hydrogen cavity (12) is formed in the tank body, a protective coating is arranged on the inner wall of the tank body, and a plurality of partition plates (13) are arranged in the tank body. A hydrogen valve (111) is arranged on the hydrogen opening (11), the multiple partition plates are arranged at equal intervals and divide the hydrogen cavity (12) into multiple partition bins (121), and vent holes (131) are formed in the partition plates (13). The gas guide pipe (2) is arranged in the hydrogen cavity (12), one end of the gas guide pipe is communicated with the hydrogen opening, the other end of the gas guide pipe penetrates through the partition plates to extend to the other end of the hydrogen cavity, a plurality of gas guide holes (21) are evenly formed in the gas guide pipe, and the partition bins are evenly filled with hydrogen storage powder. The hydrogen storage and desorption efficiency can be improved, and the tank body is prevented from being damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage device for solid-state hydrogen storage technology, and more specifically to a structure of a hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen. Background Art

[0002] As a green energy, hydrogen has the advantages of wide sources, easy preparation, high combustion calorific value, clean, low carbon, high efficiency, renewable and zero carbon emission, and is widely used in production and life. The main storage methods of hydrogen are high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage.

[0003] Solid-state hydrogen storage is to make hydrogen storage materials such as metal hydrides into solid powders, load them into gas storage tanks to react with hydrogen, and store the hydrogen after absorbing it through the solid powders. It has the advantages of high safety, high hydrogen storage density, and recyclable hydrogen storage medium materials, and has great development prospects.

[0004] However, a large amount of heat will be generated during the process of metal hydride absorbing hydrogen. High temperature will affect the hydrogen absorption rate. In addition, the thermal conductivity of metal hydride is poor, which will cause uneven temperature of the hydrogen storage material. If the heat is not dissipated in time, large temperature fluctuations will occur, further affecting the hydrogen absorption efficiency and the performance of the metal hydride. When releasing hydrogen, it will absorb heat. If the temperature in the hydrogen storage tank is low, it will also affect the hydrogen release efficiency.

[0005] CN201910146363.9 provides an efficient and convenient low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device that can quickly store and release hydrogen, including a hydrogen storage tank and a hydrogen storage material bed, the hydrogen storage tank is used to provide an installation space for the hydrogen storage material bed; the hydrogen storage material bed is installed in the hydrogen storage tank, and the hydrogen storage material and aluminum tiles of the hydrogen storage material bed are stacked and discharged in sequence. The invention uses aluminum tiles as separators and supports for hydrogen storage materials, which can improve the efficiency of heat conduction and heat exchange, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen absorption and release. However, the invention only uses passive heat dissipation, and the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release still cannot meet the needs of rapid hydrogen storage and release. When the hydrogen storage amount is large or hydrogen is quickly filled, the high temperature will cause hydrogen to react with the tank body, causing corrosion of the tank body and reducing the structural strength. When hydrogen is quickly filled, the internal pressure of the hydrogen storage tank will rise sharply, causing an impact on the structure of the hydrogen storage tank. High pressure will cause the tank body structure of the hydrogen storage tank to be damaged, causing safety accidents.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the existing solid-state hydrogen storage technology that the efficiency of hydrogen storage and desorption is low and the tank body is easily damaged by hydrogen corrosion and high-pressure impact. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen, comprising a tank body 1, an air guide tube 2 and hydrogen storage powder 3. The tank body 1 is cylindrical, one end of which is closed, and the other end is contracted to form a hydrogen port 11, and a hydrogen cavity 12 is formed inside. A protective coating is provided on the inner wall of the tank body 1, and a plurality of partition plates 13 are provided inside the tank body 1. A hydrogen valve 111 is provided on the hydrogen port 11, and a plurality of partition plates 13 are provided at equal intervals to divide the hydrogen cavity 12 into a plurality of compartments 121, and air holes 131 are provided on the partition plates 13. The air guide tube 2 is provided in the hydrogen cavity 12, one end of which is connected to the hydrogen port 11, and the other end of which extends through each partition plate 13 to the other end of the hydrogen cavity 12, a plurality of air guide holes 21 are evenly provided on the air guide tube 2, and the hydrogen storage powder 3 is evenly filled in the compartments 121.

[0008] The present invention can promote the flow of hydrogen between the hydrogen storage powder 3 by arranging the air guide pipe 2 in the tank body 1, so that the hydrogen is evenly dispersed in the tank body 1, and the contact area between the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powder 3 is increased, thereby improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage and hydrogen release. A protective coating is arranged on the inner wall of the tank body 1, and the protective coating can prevent the hydrogen from reacting with the tank body 1 to cause corrosion of the tank body 1, resulting in a reduction in the strength of the tank body 1.

[0009] A plurality of partition plates 13 are arranged in the tank body 1 to divide the hydrogen cavity 12 into a plurality of compartments 121, so as to separate the hydrogen storage powder 3 and prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from agglomerating or stratifying, thereby ensuring that the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powder 3 can fully react with each other, and at the same time improving the heat dissipation efficiency, preventing the hydrogen storage powder 3 from affecting the hydrogen storage efficiency, and preventing the hydrogen storage powder 3 from expanding when absorbing hydrogen and causing an impact on the structure of the tank body 1, thereby causing damage to the tank body 1.

[0010] Preferably, a heat dissipation pipe 14 is provided in the tank body 1, a cooling inlet 15 and a cooling outlet 16 are provided on the tank body 1, a cooling valve 151 is provided on the cooling inlet 15, the heat dissipation pipe 14 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the tank body 1 and is distributed in a grid shape, and both ends of the heat dissipation pipe 14 are respectively connected to the cooling inlet 15 and the cooling outlet 16.

[0011] By arranging heat dissipation pipes 14 distributed in a grid pattern on the inner wall of the tank body 1, the temperature inside the tank body 1 can be made uniform through the flow of cooling medium in the cooling pipes. When the temperature inside the tank body 1 is high, the heat can be dissipated quickly to prevent large fluctuations in the temperature inside the tank body 1.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of heat sinks 17 are arranged on the outer wall of the tank body 1, and the plurality of heat sinks 17 are distributed in a grid shape. By arranging the heat sinks 17 on the outer wall of the tank body 1, the heat dissipation speed of the tank body 1 can be accelerated.

[0013] Preferably, an electric heating wire 18 is provided on the inner wall of the tank body 1. The electric heating wire 18 can be used to heat the hydrogen during the hydrogen release, thereby increasing the speed of hydrogen release.

[0014] Preferably, the air guide tube 2 is spiral-shaped. Setting the air guide tube 2 in a spiral shape increases the distribution area of ​​the air guide tube 2, increases the contact area between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powder 3, and improves the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release.

[0015] Preferably, an emergency pressure relief valve 112 is provided on the hydrogen port 11. The emergency pressure relief valve 112 can be used to perform emergency pressure relief when the hydrogen pressure in the tank body 1 exceeds the safety pressure, thereby preventing safety accidents.

[0016] Preferably, the protective coating on the inner wall of the tank body 1 is a ceramic-based alumina coating and a chromium-nickel alloy coating. The ceramic-based alumina coating can improve the corrosion resistance, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the tank body 1, and the chromium-nickel-based alloy coating has high oxidation resistance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance, and can form a dense oxide film to prevent hydrogen from corroding the tank body 1 under high temperature and high pressure environments.

[0017] Preferably, the hydrogen storage powder 3 is a magnesium-based alloy, and the surface of the hydrogen storage powder 3 is provided with a palladium coating.

[0018] By providing a palladium coating on the surface of the hydrogen storage powder 3, the activation energy of hydrogen molecule decomposition can be reduced, making hydrogen more easily decomposed into hydrogen atoms, thereby accelerating the hydrogen absorption process of the metal hydride. The palladium coating can also prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from being oxidized, helping to maintain the stability of the hydrogen absorption performance of the material.

[0019] Preferably, each compartment 121 in the tank body 1 is provided with a pressure sensor 5 and a temperature sensor 6 , a hydrogen leak detector 4 is provided at the hydrogen port 11 , and an audible and visual alarm 7 is provided on the outside of the tank body 1 .

[0020] The pressure of hydrogen in the tank body 1 can be detected by the pressure sensor 5, the temperature in the tank body 1 can be detected by the temperature sensor 6, and whether hydrogen leakage occurs can be detected by the hydrogen leakage detector 4. When the temperature and pressure in the tank body 1 exceed the set value or hydrogen leakage occurs, an alarm can be sounded by the sound and light alarm 7.

[0021] Preferably, it also includes a controller 8, which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 5, the temperature sensor 6, the hydrogen leak detector 4, the hydrogen valve 111, the emergency pressure relief valve 112, the cooling valve 151 and the sound and light alarm 7.

[0022] The controller 8 can receive the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 5 and the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor 6, and compare them with the preset pressure threshold and temperature threshold. When the temperature value is greater than the temperature threshold, the cooling valve 151 controls the flow rate of the cooling medium in the heat dissipation pipe 14 to accelerate the heat dissipation, and controls the sound and light alarm 7 to alarm. When the pressure value is greater than the pressure threshold, the emergency pressure relief valve 112 is controlled to release the pressure, and the sound and light alarm 7 is controlled to alarm. When the hydrogen leak detector 4 detects that hydrogen is leaking, the sound and light alarm 7 is controlled to alarm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 . Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen; Figure 2 .Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tank; Figure 3 . Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the tank without hydrogen storage powder; Figure 4 . Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle; Figure 5 . Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the middle BB section; Figure 6 .Diagram of controller connection relationship.

[0024] In the figure, 1. tank body, 11. hydrogen inlet, 111. hydrogen valve, 112. emergency pressure relief valve, 12. hydrogen cavity, 121. compartment, 13. partition plate, 131. air vent, 14. heat dissipation pipe, 15. cooling inlet, 151. cooling valve, 16. cooling outlet, 17. heat sink, 18. electric heating wire, 2. air guide pipe, 21. air guide hole, 3. hydrogen storage powder, 4. hydrogen leak detector, 5. pressure sensor, 6. temperature sensor, 7. sound and light alarm, 8. controller, 81. storage module, 82. receiving module, 83. judgment module, 84. cooling module, 85. pressure relief module, 86. charging and discharging module, 87. alarm module, 88. heating module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen comprises a tank body 1, an air guide tube 2, hydrogen storage powder 3 and a controller 8. The tank body 1 is cylindrical with a dome, one end of which is closed and the other end of which is contracted to form a hydrogen port 11, and a hydrogen cavity 12 is formed inside the tank body 1.

[0027] The tank body 1 is made of high-strength steel. The wall thickness of the tank body 1 can be set as needed. For example, the length of the tank body can be set to 500 mm. For high-pressure hydrogen storage, the wall thickness of the tank body can be set to 20 mm, while for low-pressure hydrogen storage, the tank body 1 can have a wall thickness of 15 mm to reduce material consumption and device weight.

[0028] The hydrogen port 11 is provided with a hydrogen valve 111 and an emergency pressure relief valve 112. A filter plate (not shown in the figure) is provided inside the hydrogen port 11 to prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from escaping with the hydrogen.

[0029] The hydrogen port 11 is used to communicate with the hydrogen pipeline. The hydrogen filling and discharging can be controlled by the hydrogen valve 111. The emergency pressure relief valve 112 can be used to perform emergency pressure relief when the hydrogen pressure in the tank body 1 exceeds the safety pressure to prevent safety accidents.

[0030] A plurality of heat sinks 17 are arranged on the outer wall of the tank body 1, and the plurality of heat sinks 17 are distributed in a grid shape. By arranging the heat sinks 17 on the outer wall of the tank body 1, the heat dissipation speed of the tank body 1 can be accelerated and the heat exchange amount of the cooling medium can be reduced.

[0031] A protective coating is provided on the inner wall of the tank body 1, and the protective coating is a ceramic-based aluminum oxide coating and a chromium-nickel alloy coating (not shown in the figure).

[0032] The ceramic-based alumina coating can improve the corrosion resistance, thermal stability and mechanical strength of the tank body 1. The chromium-nickel-based alloy coating has high oxidation resistance and hydrogen embrittlement resistance, and can form a dense oxide film to prevent hydrogen from corroding the tank body 1 under high temperature and high pressure environments, thereby maintaining a high strength of the tank body 1.

[0033] A plurality of partition plates 13 are arranged in the tank body 1. The plurality of partition plates 13 are arranged at equal intervals to divide the hydrogen chamber 12 into a plurality of compartments 121. The partition plates 13 are provided with air holes 131 (see Figure 5 ).

[0034] By arranging multiple partition plates 13 in the tank body 1 and dividing the hydrogen chamber 12 into multiple compartments 121, the hydrogen storage powder 3 can be separated to prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from agglomerating or stratifying, thereby increasing the contact area between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powder 3, improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage and decomposition, and preventing the hydrogen storage powder 3 from expanding when absorbing hydrogen and causing an impact on the structure of the tank body 1, thereby causing damage to the tank body 1.

[0035] The hydrogen storage powder 3 is uniformly filled in the compartment 121 . The hydrogen storage powder 3 is a magnesium-based alloy, and a palladium coating is disposed on the surface of the hydrogen storage powder 3 .

[0036] By providing a palladium coating on the surface of the hydrogen storage powder 3, the activation energy of hydrogen molecule decomposition can be reduced, making hydrogen more easily decomposed into hydrogen atoms, thereby accelerating the hydrogen absorption process of the metal hydride. The palladium coating can also prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from being oxidized, helping to maintain the stability of the hydrogen absorption performance of the material.

[0037] The hydrogen absorption capacity of magnesium-based alloys with palladium coating can be increased by 20%~50% compared with those without palladium coating. In terms of hydrogen desorption performance, under the same temperature and conditions, the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates of magnesium-based alloys with palladium coating increase by 10%~30% compared with those without palladium coating. Under the same volume, a higher hydrogen storage density can be achieved.

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the tank body 1 is provided with a cooling inlet 15 and a cooling outlet 16. A heat dissipation pipe 14 is provided inside the tank body 1, and the heat dissipation pipe 14 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the tank body 1 and distributed in a grid shape, and the two ends of the heat dissipation pipe 14 are connected to the cooling inlet 15 and the cooling outlet 16 respectively.

[0039] The cooling inlet 15 and the cooling outlet 16 are used to be connected to the cooling medium delivery pipeline. The cooling medium is provided by an independent cooling medium buffer tank and a cooling pump from the outside. A cooling valve 151 is provided on the cooling inlet 15. By controlling the opening of the cooling valve 151, the flow rate of the cooling medium can be controlled, thereby controlling the heat dissipation speed.

[0040] By arranging heat dissipation pipes 14 distributed in a grid pattern on the inner wall of the tank body 1, the temperature inside the tank body 1 can be made uniform through the flow of cooling medium in the cooling pipes. When the temperature inside the tank body 1 is high, the heat can be dissipated quickly to prevent large fluctuations in the temperature inside the tank body 1.

[0041] An electric heating wire 18 is arranged on the inner wall of the tank body 1. The electric heating wire 18 can be used for heating during hydrogen release, and can provide heat during hydrogen release, thereby increasing the speed of hydrogen release.

[0042] A pressure sensor 5 and a temperature sensor 6 are provided in each compartment 121 in the tank body 1 , a hydrogen leakage detector 4 is provided at the hydrogen port 11 , and an audible and visual alarm 7 is provided outside the tank body 1 .

[0043] The pressure sensor 5 can be used to detect the pressure of hydrogen in each compartment 121 of the tank body 1, the temperature sensor 6 can be used to detect the temperature in each compartment 121 of the tank body 1, and the hydrogen leakage detector 4 can be used to detect whether hydrogen leakage occurs. When the temperature and pressure in the tank body 1 exceed the set value or hydrogen leakage occurs, an alarm can be sounded by the sound and light alarm 7.

[0044] The air guide tube 2 is spiral-shaped and is disposed in the hydrogen cavity 12. One end of the air guide tube 2 is connected to the hydrogen port 11, and the other end of the air guide tube 2 passes through each partition plate 13 and extends to the other end of the hydrogen cavity 12. A plurality of air guide holes 21 are evenly arranged on the air guide tube 2 (refer to Figure 4 ).

[0045] The size of the air duct can be set according to the size of the tank and the hydrogen storage and release speed, which is not limited here. For example, the length of the air duct can be set to 450mm, the outer diameter is 5mm, and the wall thickness of the air duct is 1mm.

[0046] The gas conduit 2 is arranged in the tank body 1 to promote the circulation of hydrogen between the hydrogen storage powders 3. The gas conduit 2 is arranged in a spiral shape to increase the distribution area of ​​the gas conduit 2, increase the contact area between the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powders 3, and improve the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, the controller 8 includes a storage module 81 , a receiving module 82 , a judging module 83 , a cooling module 84 , a pressure relief module 85 , a charging and discharging module 86 , a heating module 88 and an alarm module 87 .

[0048] The storage module 81 is used to store information such as temperature thresholds and pressure thresholds.

[0049] The receiving module 82 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 5 , the temperature sensor 6 and the hydrogen leakage detector 4 , and receives the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor 5 , the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor 6 and the hydrogen leakage information detected by the hydrogen leakage detector 4 .

[0050] The judgment module 83 is used to compare the temperature information detected by the temperature sensor 6 with the temperature threshold, and to judge whether the temperature value in the tank exceeds the temperature threshold when storing hydrogen.

[0051] The cooling module 84 is electrically connected to the cooling valve 151. When the temperature value inside the tank exceeds the temperature threshold, the cooling valve 151 is controlled to open, and the inside of the tank is cooled by the flow of cooling medium to improve the hydrogen storage efficiency.

[0052] The heating module 88 is electrically connected to the switch of the electric heating wire 18 and is used to control the electric heating wire 18 to heat the inside of the tank during hydrogen discharge, thereby improving the hydrogen discharge efficiency.

[0053] The pressure relief module 85 is electrically connected to the pressure relief valve. When the pressure value in the tank exceeds the pressure threshold, the pressure relief valve is controlled to open to release the pressure so that the pressure in the tank returns to a normal level.

[0054] The charging and discharging module 86 is electrically connected to the hydrogen valve 111 to control the opening of the hydrogen valve 111 for charging and discharging.

[0055] The alarm module 87 is electrically connected to the sound and light alarm 7, and controls the sound and light alarm 7 to sound an alarm when the temperature value in the tank exceeds the temperature threshold, when the pressure value in the tank exceeds the pressure threshold, or when hydrogen leakage occurs.

[0056] When storing hydrogen, the hydrogen port 11 is connected to the hydrogen delivery pipeline, and the cooling inlet 15 and the cooling outlet 16 are connected to the cooling medium delivery pipeline respectively. When adding hydrogen, the controller 8 controls the hydrogen valve 111 to open, and the hydrogen enters the tank body 1 through the air guide pipe, and the hydrogen pressure is increased to the target value. The hydrogen enters each compartment 121 of the hydrogen cavity 12 through the air guide pipe 2 to react with the hydrogen storage powder 3. The temperature detector detects the temperature in each compartment 121, and the pressure detector detects the pressure in each compartment 121. When the temperature in the compartment 121 exceeds the temperature threshold, the controller 8 controls the cooling valve 151 to open, and the cooling medium flows to cool the inside of the tank body, and controls the sound and light alarm 7 to alarm. After the inflation is completed, the controller 8 controls the hydrogen valve 111 to close and stop the inflation.

[0057] When releasing hydrogen, the controller 8 controls the hydrogen valve 111 to open, and the hydrogen in the tank is discharged from the hydrogen port through the air duct. The temperature detector detects the temperature in each compartment 121, and the pressure detector detects the pressure in each compartment 121. The controller 8 controls the electric heating wire 18 to heat, and heats the inside of the tank to a suitable temperature until the hydrogen release is completed.

[0058] The hydrogen leakage detector 4 detects hydrogen leakage and controls the sound and light alarm 7 to sound an alarm when hydrogen leakage occurs.

[0059] The present invention provides an air guide tube 2 in the tank body 1, which can promote the flow of hydrogen between the hydrogen storage powder 3, increase the contact area between the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powder, and improve the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release. A protective coating is provided on the inner wall of the tank body 1, which can prevent the hydrogen from reacting with the tank body 1 to cause corrosion of the tank body 1 and reduce the strength of the tank body 1.

[0060] By arranging a plurality of partition plates 13 in the tank body 1 to divide the hydrogen cavity 12 into a plurality of compartments 121, the hydrogen storage powder 3 can be separated to prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from agglomerating or stratifying, thereby ensuring that the hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powder 3 can fully react. At the same time, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved to prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from affecting the efficiency of hydrogen storage and decomposition, and to prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from expanding when absorbing hydrogen and causing an impact on the structure of the tank body 1, thereby causing damage to the tank body 1.

[0061] By arranging the heat dissipation pipes 14 distributed in a grid shape on the inner wall of the tank body 1, the temperature inside the tank body 1 can be made uniform through the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling pipes. When the temperature inside the tank body 1 is high, the heat can be quickly dissipated to prevent large temperature fluctuations inside the tank body 1. The air guide pipe 2 is arranged in a spiral shape to increase the distribution area of ​​the air guide pipe 2, increase the contact area between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage powder 3, and improve the efficiency of hydrogen storage and release. By arranging the emergency pressure relief valve 112 on the hydrogen port 11, emergency pressure relief can be performed when the hydrogen pressure in the tank body 1 exceeds the safety pressure to prevent safety accidents.

[0062] By providing a palladium coating on the surface of the hydrogen storage powder 3, the activation energy of hydrogen molecule decomposition can be reduced, making hydrogen more easily decomposed into hydrogen atoms, thereby accelerating the hydrogen absorption process of the metal hydride. The palladium coating can prevent the hydrogen storage powder 3 from being oxidized, which helps to maintain the stability of the hydrogen absorption performance of the material. The pressure of the hydrogen in the tank body 1 can be detected by the pressure sensor 5, the temperature in the tank body 1 can be detected by the temperature sensor 6, and whether hydrogen is leaking can be detected by the hydrogen leak detector 4. When the temperature in the tank body 1 and the pressure in the tank body 1 exceed the set value, or when hydrogen leaks, an alarm can be sounded by the sound and light alarm 7.

[0063] It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen, characterized in that: It comprises a tank body (1), an air guide tube (2) and hydrogen storage powder (3), The tank body (1) is cylindrical, one end of which is closed, and the other end of which is contracted to form a hydrogen port (11), a hydrogen cavity (12) is formed inside, a protective coating is provided on the inner wall of the tank body (1), and a plurality of partition plates (13) are provided inside the tank body (1); The hydrogen port (11) is provided with a hydrogen valve (111); The plurality of partition plates (13) are arranged at equal intervals to divide the hydrogen cavity (12) into a plurality of compartments (121), and the partition plates (13) are provided with air holes (131); The air guide tube (2) is arranged in the hydrogen cavity (12), one end of which is in communication with the hydrogen port (11), and the other end of which passes through each partition plate (13) and extends to the other end of the hydrogen cavity (12), and a plurality of air guide holes (21) are evenly arranged on the air guide tube (2); The hydrogen storage powder (3) is evenly filled in the compartment (121).

2. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat dissipation pipe (14) is provided in the tank body (1). The tank body (1) is provided with a cooling inlet (15) and a cooling outlet (16); The cooling inlet (15) is provided with a cooling valve (151); The heat dissipation pipes (14) are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the tank body (1) and are distributed in a grid pattern, and the two ends of the heat dissipation pipes (14) are respectively connected to the cooling inlet (15) and the cooling outlet (16).

3. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of heat sinks (17) are provided on the outer side wall of the tank body (1). The plurality of heat sinks (17) are distributed in a grid shape.

4. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 3, characterized in that: An electric heating wire (18) is provided on the inner wall of the tank body (1).

5. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air guide tube (2) is spiral-shaped.

6. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hydrogen port (11) is provided with an emergency pressure relief valve (112).

7. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protective coating on the inner wall of the tank body (1) is a ceramic-based aluminum oxide coating and a chromium-nickel alloy coating.

8. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hydrogen storage powder (3) is a magnesium-based alloy. The surface of the hydrogen storage powder (3) is provided with a palladium coating.

9. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Each compartment (121) in the tank body (1) is provided with a pressure sensor (5) and a temperature sensor (6); A hydrogen leak detector (4) is provided at the hydrogen port (11); An audible and visual alarm (7) is arranged on the outside of the tank body (1).

10. A hydrogen storage device capable of rapidly storing and releasing hydrogen according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes a controller (8), The controller (8) is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (5), the temperature sensor (6), the hydrogen leak detector (4), the hydrogen valve (111), the cooling valve (151), the emergency pressure relief valve (112), the cooling valve (151), and the sound and light alarm (7).

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