A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system and monitoring method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring, and specifically relates to a hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof. During the hydraulic climbing formwork casting process, whether the demoulding time has been reached is judged based on the detection of concrete strength and environmental conditions in the cast area, and when it is judged that the demoulding time has not been reached, the jack pressure distribution is monitored, and when the demoulding time is reached, the displacement and stress distribution of the formwork system are monitored, thereby effectively realizing comprehensive monitoring of the hydraulic climbing formwork in the casting state. In this process, the jack pressure distribution monitoring result is always used to perform targeted adjustment of the jack pressure, thereby minimizing the displacement risk of the formwork system in the process of waiting for demoulding, and then when it is judged that the demoulding time has been reached, the displacement and stress distribution detection results of the formwork system are used to dynamically adjust the unloading sequence and amplitude of the jack, thereby reducing the separation speed difference between the formwork and concrete, and ensuring a smooth and uniform unloading process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring, and in particular relates to a hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The climbing formwork process is an efficient and safe modern formwork technology that is widely used in the construction of high-rise buildings and vertical structures. This process achieves continuous concrete pouring by fixing the formwork system on the poured concrete structure and gradually climbing upward as the building height increases. Compared with traditional formwork construction, which requires a lot of manual work for installation, disassembly and transportation, and has low efficiency and poor safety, the hydraulic climbing formwork adopts an automated climbing system, which has the advantages of rapid lifting and reuse of the formwork, significantly shortening the construction period and improving construction safety and economy.

[0003] During the climbing process of the hydraulic climbing formwork system, the formwork and supporting structure will be subjected to dynamic loads, which may lead to a decrease in local stability or a shift in the overall position, thus adversely affecting the construction quality. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety and accuracy of the construction process, it is particularly necessary to implement climbing formwork monitoring.

[0004] There are many solutions for monitoring hydraulic climbing formwork in the prior art. For example, the Chinese invention patent with publication number CN110987057A proposes a cloud-based automatic monitoring system for hydraulic climbing formwork. The system collects force information, tilt angle, motion acceleration, interaction force between the frame and the wall, and wind speed data of the on-site working conditions of each part of the hydraulic climbing formwork frame during the climbing process, and transmits these data to the Internet of Things platform for analysis and processing with the help of a multi-channel automatic data acquisition instrument.

[0005] In addition, another Chinese invention patent with publication number CN117760500A proposes a high-precision hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system and method. The system consists of a balanced jacking control module, a load data acquisition module, a monitoring and alarm module and a digital display console. The balanced jacking control module is responsible for controlling the jacking and protection operations of the climbing formwork frame, the load data acquisition module is used to monitor the various force data information of the climbing formwork frame in real time, and the monitoring and alarm module and the digital display console provide construction command personnel with convenient conditions for remote operation and command, and can accurately reflect the operating status and safety of the system.

[0006] However, both of the above solutions mainly focus on the monitoring of the hydraulic climbing formwork system in the climbing state. Although such monitoring is crucial to ensure the safety and stability of the climbing process, the monitoring of the hydraulic climbing formwork in the concrete pouring state cannot be ignored. The reason is that after the hydraulic climbing formwork completes the concrete pouring at the climbing position, it needs to wait for the concrete strength to reach the design requirements before the demoulding operation can be carried out. During this period, the concrete molding effect of the poured area is directly related to the final construction quality. Monitoring at this stage is crucial to ensure the concrete molding effect. If the monitoring of this process is ignored, even if the climbing operation is extremely precise, the overall quality of the concrete pouring construction cannot be fully guaranteed. Therefore, monitoring in the concrete pouring state is not only an effective supplement to the climbing operation monitoring, but also an important link to ensure the high-quality completion of the entire construction process. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to improve the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof, which supplements the existing climbing formwork monitoring scenarios by focusing on the monitoring of the hydraulic climbing formwork during the concrete pouring process.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: The first aspect of the present invention provides a hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system, comprising the following modules: a concrete strength detection module, which is used to monitor the strength development of concrete in the cast area in real time from the completion of casting during the process of casting a building using a hydraulic climbing formwork.

[0009] The environmental condition collection module is used to collect the environmental conditions of the poured area in real time from the time the pouring is completed.

[0010] The demoulding timing judgment module is used to judge whether the demoulding timing has been reached by using the real-time detected concrete strength and environmental conditions.

[0011] The jack pressure regulating module is used to analyze the uniformity of the jack pressure distribution when it is judged that the demoulding time has not been reached, and to regulate the jack pressure when the jack pressure distribution is uneven.

[0012] The demoulding pressure step-by-step unloading module is used to detect the current pressure distribution of the jack when judging that the demoulding time has been reached, and plan the unloading sequence of the jack pressure according to the detection results, and then monitor the displacement and stress distribution of the template system in real time while gradually unloading the pressure of each jack in the unloading sequence, thereby dynamically unloading and adjusting the jack pressure.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention proposes a hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring method, comprising the following steps: Step 1, during the process of casting a building using a hydraulic climbing formwork, real-time monitoring of the strength development of concrete in the cast area from the time the casting is completed.

[0014] Step 2: Collect environmental conditions of the poured area in real time from the time the pouring is completed.

[0015] Step 3: Use the real-time detected concrete strength and environmental conditions to judge whether the demoulding time has been reached. If the demoulding time has not been reached, execute steps 4-5; if the demoulding time has been reached, execute steps 6-7.

[0016] Step 4: Analyze the uniformity of jack pressure distribution.

[0017] Step 5: When it is found that the jack pressure distribution is uneven, adjust the jack pressure.

[0018] Step 6: Detect the current pressure distribution of the jack and plan the unloading sequence of the jack pressure according to the detection results.

[0019] Step 7: Monitor the displacement and stress distribution of the template system in real time while gradually unloading the pressure of each jack in the unloading sequence, thereby dynamically unloading and adjusting the jack pressure.

[0020] In combination with all the above-mentioned technical solutions, the positive effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention judges whether the demoulding time has been reached based on the detection of concrete strength and environmental conditions in the poured area during the hydraulic climbing formwork pouring process, and monitors the jack pressure distribution when it is judged that the demoulding time has not been reached. When the demoulding time is reached, the displacement and stress distribution of the formwork system are monitored in real time, thereby effectively realizing comprehensive monitoring of the hydraulic climbing formwork in the pouring state. This method not only makes up for the deficiency of the prior art that mainly focuses on monitoring in the climbing state, but also improves the data chain of hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring, and promotes the development of hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring technology towards a more refined and intelligent direction.

[0021] 2. The present invention uses the distribution monitoring results of the jack pressure to make targeted adjustments to the jack pressure when it is judged that the demoulding time has not been reached, which can effectively balance the stress state of the formwork system and avoid local stress concentration or offset, thereby minimizing the displacement risk of the formwork system while waiting for demoulding, ensuring that it always maintains a stable state. In addition, by accurately adjusting the jack pressure distribution, the support requirements for concrete hardening can be met to the maximum extent, while avoiding overly conservative operations, thereby reasonably shortening the waiting time for demoulding.

[0022] 3. When judging that the demoulding time has arrived, the present invention utilizes the displacement and stress distribution detection results of the formwork system to dynamically adjust the unloading sequence and amplitude of the jack, which can reduce the difference in separation speed between the formwork and concrete, ensure a smooth and uniform unloading process, and reduce the risk of concrete surface damage or structural damage caused by local excessive separation. Therefore, through scientific and reasonable unloading adjustment, the demoulding speed can be accelerated while ensuring safety, shortening the overall construction period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention is further described using the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. A person skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the following drawings without creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the system modules of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a sequential operation diagram of the jack pressure unloading when the demoulding time is reached in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a diagram of the steps for implementing the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] The invention provides a hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system, which comprises a concrete strength detection module, an environmental condition acquisition module, a demoulding timing judgment module, a jack pressure adjustment module and a demoulding pressure step-by-step unloading module.

[0030] See also Figure 1 As shown, the collaborative relationship between the above modules is as follows: the concrete strength detection module and the environmental condition acquisition module provide basic data support for the demoulding timing judgment module.

[0031] The demoulding timing evaluation module decides whether to trigger the jack pressure adjustment module or the demoulding pressure step-by-step unloading module according to the evaluation results.

[0032] The jack pressure regulating module and the demoulding pressure step-by-step unloading module are responsible for managing and regulating the jack pressure at different stages to ensure the safety and efficiency of the construction process.

[0033] The concrete strength detection module is used to monitor the strength development of concrete in a poured area in real time from the completion of pouring during the process of pouring a building using a hydraulic climbing formwork.

[0034] The real-time monitoring of the strength development of concrete refers to the following process: concrete strength testing equipment is selected according to the testing requirements, and testing points are arranged on the poured area.

[0035] In the above scheme, the detection of concrete strength can be achieved by embedded sensor detection or non-destructive testing. Embedded sensor detection is to embed fiber grating sensors, resistance strain gauges or piezoelectric sensors into concrete. These sensors can collect stress, strain, temperature and other parameters inside the concrete in real time, and calculate the strength development of concrete through data processing algorithms. The applicable scenarios are: key structural parts that need to monitor the strength development of concrete for a long time, and the technical features are: the ability to accurately capture small changes inside the concrete.

[0036] The non-destructive testing technology uses non-destructive testing equipment (such as rebound testers, ultrasonic testers, radar testers, etc.) to measure the surface hardness or internal structural characteristics of concrete in the poured area, and estimates the strength value of concrete by comparing it with the standard curve. Its applicable scenario is: areas that are not suitable for pre-embedded sensors. The technical feature is that strength information can be obtained without destroying the concrete structure, but it also has certain limitations, that is, it is greatly affected by surface conditions and environmental factors, and needs to be calibrated in combination with other methods.

[0037] In actual testing operations, concrete strength testing equipment can be selected according to testing requirements.

[0038] In a further achievable manner, detection points are arranged on the poured area, including but not limited to support points of the formwork system, stress concentration areas and structural weak parts, to ensure that the monitoring results can fully reflect the overall strength development of the concrete.

[0039] The concrete strength testing equipment is started from the moment the concrete pouring is completed, and continuous data collection is performed on each testing point at the set time interval.

[0040] The concrete strength time series corresponding to each detection point is constructed through the collected strength data.

[0041] It is important to understand that the increasing strength of concrete after climbing formwork pouring is due to the ongoing hydration reaction inside it, a process that involves a chemical reaction between cement and water, which gradually forms a stable crystalline structure, causing the concrete to gradually harden and increase its strength.

[0042] The environmental condition acquisition module is used to acquire the environmental conditions of the poured area in real time from the time when the pouring is completed to obtain the time series data of the environmental conditions.

[0043] The environmental conditions mentioned above include temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.

[0044] The demoulding timing judgment module is used to judge whether the demoulding timing has been reached by using the real-time detected concrete strength and environmental conditions. The specific judgment process is as follows: the concrete strength values ​​of all detection points at the same time are extracted from the concrete strength time series corresponding to each detection point in the poured area, and the representative concrete strength is selected therefrom.

[0045] In the specific selection of representative concrete strength, the degree of dispersion of concrete strength can be used for judgment, and the degree of dispersion can be quantified by calculating the standard deviation of concrete strength at all test points at the same time. When the standard deviation of concrete strength is small, it means that the strength difference between the test points is small and the distribution is more concentrated. At this time, the average strength can be selected as the representative value to more accurately reflect the overall concrete strength level of the poured area. However, when the standard deviation of concrete strength is large, it means that the strength difference between the test points is significant and the distribution is more dispersed. In this case, the minimum strength value should be selected as the representative value, because the minimum strength value can reflect the performance of the weakest link in the concrete structure, thereby providing a more conservative and reliable basis for evaluating the safety of the structure.

[0046] The representative concrete strength of the poured area at different times in the time series is compared with the set strength threshold. If the representative concrete strength at a certain moment reaches the strength threshold, the moment is recorded as the basic reaching time.

[0047] The strength threshold mentioned above refers to the minimum concrete strength requirement corresponding to the demoulding conditions of the poured area. When the concrete strength reaches this threshold, it indicates that the poured area has met the preliminary demoulding conditions in terms of structural performance. If the external environmental conditions are suitable at this time, demoulding operations can be considered. The specific strength threshold should be determined according to the design requirements and construction specifications, and can be 70% of the design strength for example.

[0048] It should be added that if multiple time points meet the intensity threshold at the same time, the earliest time point is selected as the basic reaching time.

[0049] It should be understood that the reason for judging the timing of demoulding after the concrete strength reaches the threshold and the environmental conditions after reaching the threshold is that the environmental conditions will affect the performance of concrete. Specifically, for temperature, although high temperature can accelerate the early strength growth of concrete, too high temperature may cause the surface of concrete to lose water quickly and form shrinkage cracks, thereby weakening the overall performance of the structure. Under low temperature conditions, the strength development rate of concrete will slow down. If demoulding is carried out at this time, the structure may be damaged due to insufficient strength.

[0050] As for humidity, humidity is the key factor to ensure the continuous hydration reaction of concrete. If the ambient humidity is too low, the concrete surface may crack due to rapid evaporation of water, affecting the durability and strength of the structure.

[0051] As for wind speed, high wind speed will increase the evaporation rate of moisture on the concrete surface, especially in high temperature and low humidity environments, which may cause the surface to dry too quickly and increase the risk of cracking.

[0052] Therefore, even if the concrete strength has reached the demoulding threshold, external environmental conditions (such as high temperature, low humidity or high wind speed) may still have an adverse effect on the poured area, causing surface cracking or other defects. By comprehensively evaluating environmental conditions and concrete strength, demoulding operations can be performed at the optimal time to reduce quality problems and rework risks caused by environmental factors.

[0053] The representative concrete strength of the poured area at different times in the time series is statistically analyzed for the concrete strength changes at adjacent times, and the strength development rate is calculated, which can be obtained by dividing the strength changes at adjacent times by the adjacent time interval.

[0054] After determining the foundation compliance time, the environmental condition data at that moment is extracted and compared with the suitable environmental conditions required for concrete demoulding. If the environmental conditions meet the appropriate requirements, the foundation compliance time is directly determined as the demoulding time; otherwise, it is determined that the demoulding time has not been reached. At this time, the strength value of concrete at different time points in the future is predicted based on the current strength development speed, and the environmental conditions at different time points in the future are obtained in combination with weather forecast information.

[0055] It should be pointed out that when predicting the strength value of concrete at different time points in the future based on the strength development rate of adjacent time, since the strength development rate of concrete may fluctuate, the strength development rate of adjacent time must be smoothed (for example, using the moving average method or exponential smoothing method) to eliminate short-term fluctuations and extract its long-term change trend. Subsequently, the strength development rate of concrete corresponding to the basic standard time can be used, combined with the characteristics that the concrete strength growth rate gradually decreases over time and presents a nonlinear decreasing trend, to estimate the strength value at the next moment.

[0056] In addition, another prediction method is to construct a concrete strength development curve based on historical data. By analyzing the strength development law of concrete made of the same or similar raw materials in historical projects, a reference curve reflecting the change of concrete strength over time is established. On this basis, the foundation compliance time can be used as the starting point, and the concrete strength value at different subsequent time points can be predicted based on this curve. This method makes full use of the empirical characteristics of historical data and can provide a more reliable reference for future strength predictions.

[0057] If the prediction results show that the environmental conditions can be improved to a suitable state for demolding before the concrete strength increases to the intervention threshold (such as 80%-90% of the design strength), the demolding waiting stage will be entered, and the changes in environmental conditions will be tracked in real time. The demolding time will be recorded after the conditions are met. If the prediction results show that the environmental conditions have not improved to a suitable state for demolding when the concrete strength increases to the intervention threshold, artificial intervention measures will be initiated to create environmental conditions suitable for demolding.

[0058] In the example implementation of the above operation, the manual intervention measures include but are not limited to: increasing the surface temperature of the concrete by covering with insulation materials (such as insulation blankets, plastic films, etc.).

[0059] Keep the concrete surface moist by spraying curing agent or setting up a wet curtain system.

[0060] Build a temporary protective shed to reduce the impact of the external environment on the demoulding process.

[0061] This ensures that even in unfavorable environments, suitable conditions for demoulding can be created through manual intervention, avoiding delays in construction progress due to long waiting times.

[0062] It should be further explained that the reason for setting the intervention threshold is that when the concrete strength reaches the initial demoulding strength threshold, if the current environmental conditions are not suitable for immediate demoulding, the concrete strength will continue to develop. In this process, the bond between the formwork and the concrete may increase, making demoulding more difficult. If the formwork system is not designed properly or has insufficient bearing capacity, excessive concrete strength may even cause deformation or damage to the formwork. Therefore, when it is impossible to demould immediately due to environmental conditions, the concrete strength cannot be allowed to develop without limit. Instead, an intervention threshold should be set to take timely manual intervention measures to create suitable demoulding conditions when the concrete strength develops to the threshold and the environmental conditions have not improved.

[0063] In addition, in order to further optimize the demoulding operation process, a prediction model based on the concrete strength development speed and weather forecast data are introduced to determine whether to take manual intervention measures when the strength threshold is reached but the environmental conditions are not suitable. The reason is that the implementation of manual intervention measures requires a certain amount of preparation time. If manual intervention is only initiated when the concrete strength actually reaches the intervention threshold and the environmental conditions have not improved, the overall demoulding progress will be slowed down due to the delay in preparation time. By combining the concrete strength development prediction and weather forecast data, the time when the concrete strength reaches the intervention threshold and the environmental conditions at that time can be estimated in advance, thereby buying more time for the preparation of manual intervention measures. In this way, when manual intervention is actually needed, it can respond quickly to ensure that the demoulding operation is completed on time and efficiently, avoiding affecting the construction progress.

[0064] The jack pressure regulating module is used to analyze the uniformity of jack pressure distribution when it is judged that the demoulding time has not been reached, and to regulate the jack pressure when it is analyzed that the jack pressure distribution is uneven.

[0065] It should be added that the jack is a device that generates thrust or pull based on hydraulic or mechanical principles. During the concrete pouring process, it serves as a supporting component of the formwork system, mainly bearing the weight of the poured concrete and the deadweight of the formwork system. The jack has dynamic adjustment capabilities and can adjust the supporting force according to real-time changes during concrete pouring (such as fluctuations in formwork force, concrete shrinkage, etc.), thereby ensuring that the contact state between the formwork system and the concrete is always optimal. Usually, multiple jacks are configured in the formwork system to achieve multi-point support. This design helps to evenly distribute the load and enhance the stability of the entire system.

[0066] It should also be added that the uniform distribution of jack pressure is tested before demoulding because the formwork system still needs to bear the weight of concrete and external loads (such as wind loads, construction loads, etc.) when the concrete strength has not yet reached the design requirements. If the jack pressure is unevenly distributed, the formwork in some areas may be overstressed or understressed, causing the formwork to shift or tilt. If the jack pressure is unevenly distributed, some jacks may be subjected to excessive pressure, resulting in local stress concentration, which will increase the burden on the formwork system connectors (such as bolts, pins, etc.) and even cause the risk of connection failure. More importantly, concrete is relatively fragile in the incompletely cured stage and is easily affected by external loads. If the jack pressure is unevenly distributed, the formwork system may apply uneven pressure to the concrete, causing cracks or deformation on the concrete surface.

[0067] Preferably, the jack pressure distribution uniformity analysis is performed as follows: a pressure sensor is installed on each jack to collect pressure data in real time.

[0068] The pressure collection frequency is set, and the pressure value of each jack is monitored and recorded in real time through the pressure sensor according to the frequency before the demoulding time is reached.

[0069] For each jack pressure data collected at the same time point, the discrete degree of the jack pressure distribution is quantified by extracting characteristic values.

[0070] Exemplarily, the characteristic values ​​mentioned above may be a maximum pressure value and a minimum pressure value, or may be an average pressure value and a pressure standard deviation.

[0071] The degree of dispersion of the jack pressure distribution can be quantified by using the extreme pressure difference formed by the ratio of the maximum pressure value to the minimum pressure value, or by using the coefficient of variation formed by the ratio of the pressure standard deviation to the average pressure value.

[0072] The calculated discreteness is compared with the preset allowable range. If the discreteness is within the allowable range, it is considered that the jack pressure distribution is uniform, otherwise it is considered that the jack pressure distribution is uneven.

[0073] Further preferably, the jack pressure regulation is implemented as follows: determine the target value of the jack pressure, specifically the target value may be an average pressure value, by adjusting the pressure of each jack to the average pressure value, compare and analyze the actual pressure values ​​of each jack based on the target value, identify abnormal jacks whose pressure deviates from the target value, and calculate their pressure deviation, specifically the pressure deviation is ,in Indicates the target value of the jack pressure, Indicates The actual pressure of the abnormal jack, Indicates the number of the abnormal jack, .

[0074] The pressure deviation in the above-mentioned value may be positive or negative. When the pressure deviation is positive, it indicates that the corresponding jack pressure is adjusted to decrease. When the pressure deviation is negative, it indicates that the corresponding jack pressure is adjusted to increase.

[0075] The pressure deviations of all abnormal jacks are normalized to be at the same level to obtain the normalized deviations.

[0076] The normalization formula for the above example is: ,in Represents the normalized deviation.

[0077] The total adjustment step size is set to represent the maximum allowable change of each adjustment, and it is combined with the normalized deviation to proportionally distribute the specific adjustment range of each abnormal jack. The specific formula is: ,in represents the total adjustment step length, Indicates The specific adjustment range of the pressure of the abnormal jack.

[0078] It should be added that in order to avoid a single adjustment range that is too large and affects the system stability, a maximum adjustment range threshold is set. , which is taken as the upper limit constraint.

[0079] Among the above .

[0080] Use the hydraulic control system to synchronously adjust the pressure of all abnormal jacks according to the allocated adjustment range, and re-evaluate the uniformity of the jack pressure distribution after a single adjustment is completed. If one adjustment fails to completely eliminate the uneven pressure distribution, repeat the above operation until the uneven pressure distribution is eliminated.

[0081] In the example implementation of the above operation, it is assumed that there are three abnormal jacks, and their current pressure values ​​are: Jack A: 60MPa (target value is 50MPa), Jack B: 40MPa (target value is 50MPa), Jack C: 55MPa (target value is 50MPa).

[0082] The pressure deviations of each abnormal jack are , , .

[0083] The normalized deviations of the pressure deviations of each abnormal jack are obtained after normalization: , , .

[0084] Set the total adjustment step length , then the specific adjustment range corresponding to the abnormal jacks A, B, and C is , , .

[0085] Compare the specific adjustment range of the abnormal jack with the set maximum adjustment range threshold By comparison, it can be seen that the specific adjustment range of the abnormal jacks is smaller than the maximum adjustment range threshold, so the adjustment can be carried out according to the specific adjustment range.

[0086] The pressure of each abnormal jack was adjusted synchronously, wherein the abnormal jack A was reduced from 60MPa to 55MPa, the abnormal jack B was increased from 40MPa to 45MPa, and the abnormal jack C was reduced from 55MPa to 52.5MPa.

[0087] In the above-mentioned process of jack pressure adjustment, by gradually bringing the pressure closer to the target value and limiting the single adjustment range, the system instability problem caused by sudden pressure change is effectively avoided, ensuring the overall balance and safety of the formwork system. In addition, the pressure of multiple abnormal jacks is adjusted synchronously, which reduces the time and complexity required for adjustment one by one, and significantly improves the efficiency of the entire adjustment process.

[0088] The demoulding pressure step-by-step unloading module is used to detect the current pressure distribution of the jack when it is judged that the demoulding time has been reached, and plan the unloading sequence of the jack pressure according to the detection results, and then monitor the displacement and stress distribution of the template system in real time while gradually unloading the pressure of each jack according to the unloading sequence, thereby dynamically unloading and adjusting the jack pressure.

[0089] See also Figure 2 As shown, the unloading order of the planned jack pressure in the above-mentioned process refers to the following: based on the current pressure distribution detection result, the pressure values ​​of all jacks are compared pairwise to quantify the pressure similarity between each jack and other jacks, and the group of jacks with similar pressures that meet the conditions are screened out according to the preset similarity threshold, and the jacks that do not meet the conditions are marked as isolated jacks.

[0090] As a specific implementation of the above scheme to quantify the similarity of the jack pressure, it can be quantified by a standardized method. The specific standardized formula is: ,in , Respectively represent the current pressure values ​​of the two jacks, Indicates the maximum pressure difference among all jack pressure values. , They respectively represent the numbers of the jacks. The pressure similarity can be normalized to a fixed range (such as [0, 1]) through standardized quantization. The closer the value is to 1, the closer the pressure is. For example, the similarity threshold is 0.8 under standardized quantization.

[0091] For each jack group with similar pressure, the geometric relationship between the positions of the two jacks inside is analyzed to determine whether they are symmetrical. The implementation method is: based on the central axis or symmetry plane of the template system, the position distribution characteristics of the two jacks are evaluated. Specifically, the position vectors of the two jacks can be constructed to meet When the two jack positions are considered to be symmetrical, , Respectively represent the position vectors of the two jacks, Represents the position vector of the reference point, where the reference point is usually the center point of the template system or other key geometric reference points. Or if the position vectors of the two jacks are symmetrical about a certain axis, they are considered to be symmetrical, otherwise they are not considered to be symmetrical.

[0092] Combined with the pressure values ​​and symmetry analysis results of each jack group with similar pressure, their unloading priority is comprehensively evaluated.

[0093] The specific evaluation logic is as follows: Impact of pressure value: Jack groups with higher pressure usually have higher unloading priority to give priority to releasing stress concentration areas and reduce possible impacts during demolding.

[0094] Symmetry: Under the same pressure conditions, symmetrical jack groups are more conducive to maintaining the balance of the formwork system and should be given a higher unloading priority.

[0095] Under the above evaluation logic, the statistical construction of the unloading priority can obtain the pressure ratio of each jack group with similar pressure by dividing the pressure value of each jack group with similar pressure by the maximum pressure value of the current jack, and then quantify the result of whether there is symmetry. Specifically, when there is symmetry, the symmetry quantization value is 1, and when there is no symmetry, the symmetry quantization value is 0. Thus, the pressure ratio and symmetry quantization value of each jack group with similar pressure are weighted averaged to obtain the unloading priority. It should be noted here that pressure is a key factor that directly affects the stability of the template system. Excessive pressure may cause local deformation or damage. Therefore, in most cases, the weight of pressure should be higher. For example, the weight factors of pressure and symmetry can be set to 0.6 and 0.4.

[0096] According to the order of unloading priority from high to low, all jack groups with similar pressures are sorted to form the unloading order of the jack group pressure.

[0097] In the process of jack pressure unloading, selecting jacks with similar pressure to unload in groups is based on comprehensive considerations of construction safety, formwork system stability and demoulding quality. Specifically, if jacks with large pressure differences are unloaded at the same time, it may cause uneven stress on the local formwork system, which in turn causes stress concentration or formwork displacement. Selecting jacks with similar pressure to unload in groups can effectively avoid local stress mutations caused by excessive pressure differences and ensure that the formwork system is more stable. In addition, during the demoulding process, the concrete surface may be damaged due to the relative displacement between the formwork and the concrete. If the jack pressure is unloaded unevenly, the formwork in some areas may be separated from the concrete surface prematurely, causing local adhesion or tearing. Unloading jacks with similar pressure in groups can ensure that the separation process between the formwork and the concrete is smoother and reduce the impact on the concrete surface.

[0098] The reason for not choosing to unload with a single jack in sequence is that this involves the stability of the formwork system. If a single jack is unloaded in sequence, the force on the formwork system will show obvious asymmetry or unevenness. This rapid release of local pressure may cause the formwork system to shift, tilt, or even become unstable, especially in the case of large formwork or multi-point support. Unloading in groups can better balance the stress state of the formwork system and avoid the imbalance of the overall structure caused by single-point operation. In addition, unloading with a single jack in sequence requires frequent switching of the operation target, which increases the construction time and complexity. Unloading in groups can handle multiple jacks at the same time, significantly improving demoulding efficiency.

[0099] When analyzing the similarity of jack pressures, it is possible that the pressures of some jacks are not similar to those of other jacks, resulting in isolated jacks. The unloading sequence planning for isolated jacks is as follows: For each isolated jack, obtain the distance between its position and the center point of the formwork system, and combine it with the pressure value to evaluate the unloading priority.

[0100] It should be pointed out that the farther the position of the isolated jack is from the center point of the formwork system, the more the isolated jack is at the edge, and its unloading has a relatively small impact on the stability of the overall formwork system. Therefore, giving priority to unloading the isolated jacks at the edge can reduce the interference with the overall balance of the system. If the pressure value of the isolated jack is high, it may mean that the jack bears a large load. In this case, giving priority to unloading the isolated jack with high pressure can help quickly reduce the risk of local overload and avoid deformation or damage to the formwork system due to excessive local stress. If the pressure value of the isolated jack is low, it means that its support for the overall formwork system is weak, and the unloading can be appropriately delayed to maintain the stability of the system.

[0101] Under the above-mentioned point, when evaluating the unloading priority of the isolated jack, an evaluation model can be constructed based on its current pressure value and the distance from the center point of the formwork system. Specifically, the current pressure value of the isolated jack and the distance from the center point of the formwork system are first normalized to eliminate the dimension difference and unify the magnitude. Then, the normalized results are calculated in a weighted average manner to comprehensively evaluate its unloading priority.

[0102] In terms of weight distribution, since the pressure value has a decisive influence on the stability of the formwork system, it should be given a larger weight factor. For example, in the exemplary setting, the weight factor of the pressure value can be set to 0.6, and the weight factor of the distance from the center point of the formwork system can be set to 0.4. This weight distribution method can more accurately reflect the importance of pressure to the stability of the system, while taking into account the spatial distribution characteristics of isolated jacks, thereby providing a basis for a scientific and reasonable unloading sequence.

[0103] All isolated jacks are arranged in descending order of unloading priority to form an unloading sequence of the isolated jack pressure.

[0104] The unloading sequence of the jack group and the unloading sequence of the isolated jack are combined according to the principle of group unloading priority to form a complete jack pressure unloading sequence.

[0105] In an exemplary implementation of the above operation, the pressure distribution of each jack when the demoulding time is reached in the building construction project is shown in Table 1.

[0106] Table 1

[0107]

[0108] Through the calculation of pressure similarity, it can be known that jacks A and B can form a group, and jacks C, D, and E are all isolated jacks. Since there is only one jack group formed, jacks A and B are unloaded first. For isolated jacks C, D, and E, the unloading order obtained by obtaining the distance between their positions and the center point of the template system combined with the pressure value is C→D→E. The final complete unloading order is (A, B)→C→D→E.

[0109] In further optimization of the above scheme, the displacement and stress distribution of the template system are monitored in the following implementation process: a displacement sensor is set at the connection point of the template system to collect the displacement of the connection point.

[0110] It should be added that the connection points are usually located at the geometrically critical positions of the formwork system (such as edge intersections, support structure connections, etc.), which are the parts most prone to loosening, displacement or failure. Collecting displacement data at these locations helps to detect deformation of the formwork system in a timely manner.

[0111] Stress sensors are set at the supporting points of the formwork system to collect stress data of the supporting points.

[0112] It should be added that the support points are usually located in the main stress-bearing areas, structural intersections, boundary connection points, etc. of the formwork system, which are key locations where stress is concentrated. During the unloading process, these locations are prone to large displacements or stress changes due to uneven stress or local deformation. By installing stress sensors at these locations, stress changes in the formwork system can be sensed in a timely manner.

[0113] Of course, the positions of the support points and the connection points of the template system may overlap.

[0114] In the further optimization of the above scheme, the dynamic unloading adjustment of the jack pressure is as follows: according to the unloading order, the jack ranked first is subjected to the initial stage of pressure unloading using a preset unloading amplitude.

[0115] The preset unloading amplitude mentioned above is usually defined as the maximum pressure reduction allowed in a single unloading operation. The specific value of this amplitude needs to be determined according to the stability requirements of the formwork system and the load-bearing capacity of the jack. For example, the preset unloading amplitude can be set to 10%-20% of the current jack pressure value. For example, if the current pressure value of a jack is 100MPa, the preset unloading amplitude can be set to 10MPa to 20MPa.

[0116] After unloading is completed, the displacement and stress distribution data of the current template system are collected, and the displacement is compared with the allowable offset displacement. At the same time, it is identified whether there is uneven stress distribution from the stress distribution of the template system. If the displacement of the current template system meets the allowable offset displacement and there is no uneven stress distribution, the next stage of pressure unloading of the jack will be continued according to the preset unloading amplitude. Otherwise, the preset unloading amplitude will be appropriately reduced and the next stage of pressure unloading will be carried out again until the pressure of the jack is completely unloaded.

[0117] After the pressure of the first jack is unloaded, the displacement of the formwork system that does not meet the allowable offset displacement and uneven stress distribution during the unloading process is counted and compared with the set allowable frequency. If the allowable frequency is not reached, the pressure unloading of the next jack will continue in the established unloading order. At the same time, the unloading amplitude of the first jack in the final stage will be referred to and used as the unloading amplitude of the next jack in the initial stage. If the allowable frequency is reached, it may indicate that the current unloading order has an adverse effect on the force distribution of the formwork system. If the unloading continues in the established order, it may cause excessive local force on the formwork system, aggravated deformation, and even cause structural instability or damage. At this time, the subsequent unloading operation is suspended and the unloading order of the jack pressure is re-planned, giving priority to unloading the jacks that have less impact on the overall force of the formwork system. By re-planning the unloading order, the force distribution can be adjusted to reduce the frequency of abnormal phenomena.

[0118] When the jack pressure is unloaded during the demoulding operation, the pressure unloading is divided into multiple stages. After each stage, the state of the template system (displacement and stress distribution) is evaluated, and then the unloading range of the next stage is determined. This method can effectively reduce the impact of a single unloading on the template system and reduce the risk of local instability or damage. In addition, under the premise of ensuring the stability of the template system, a higher preset unloading range is used as much as possible to improve efficiency; when an abnormality occurs, safety is ensured by reducing the unloading range or re-planning the order. This balancing strategy avoids both overly conservative operations and risks caused by blind pursuit of efficiency.

[0119] Example 2

[0120] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the present invention proposes a hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring method, comprising the following steps: Step 1, in the process of casting a building using a hydraulic climbing formwork, real-time monitoring of the strength development of concrete in the cast area from the time the casting is completed.

[0121] Step 2: Collect environmental conditions of the poured area in real time from the time the pouring is completed.

[0122] Step 3: Use the real-time detected concrete strength and environmental conditions to judge whether the demoulding time has been reached. If the demoulding time has not been reached, execute steps 4-5; if the demoulding time has been reached, execute steps 6-7.

[0123] Step 4: Analyze the uniformity of jack pressure distribution.

[0124] Step 5: When it is found that the jack pressure distribution is uneven, adjust the jack pressure.

[0125] Step 6: Detect the current pressure distribution of the jack and plan the unloading sequence of the jack pressure according to the detection results.

[0126] Step 7: Monitor the displacement and stress distribution of the template system in real time while gradually unloading the pressure of each jack in the unloading sequence, thereby dynamically unloading and adjusting the jack pressure.

[0127] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the structure of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the structure of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: Concrete strength detection module, used to monitor the strength development of concrete in the poured area in real time from the completion of pouring during the process of pouring buildings using hydraulic climbing formwork; Environmental condition collection module, used to collect environmental conditions of the poured area in real time from the time the pouring is completed; The demoulding timing judgment module is used to judge whether the demoulding timing has been reached by using the concrete strength and environmental conditions detected in real time; The jack pressure adjustment module is used to analyze the uniformity of the jack pressure distribution when it is judged that the demoulding time has not been reached, and to adjust the jack pressure when the jack pressure distribution is uneven; The demoulding pressure step-by-step unloading module is used to detect the current pressure distribution of the jack when judging that the demoulding time has been reached, and plan the unloading sequence of the jack pressure according to the detection results, and then monitor the displacement and stress distribution of the template system in real time while gradually unloading the pressure of each jack according to the unloading sequence, thereby dynamically unloading and adjusting the jack pressure; The method of judging whether the demoulding time has been reached is as follows: Extract the concrete strength values ​​of all the test points at the same time from the concrete strength time series corresponding to each test point in the poured area, and select the representative concrete strength from them; The representative concrete strength of the poured area at different times in the time series is compared with the set strength threshold. If the representative concrete strength at a certain moment reaches or exceeds the strength threshold, the moment is recorded as the basic reaching time. The representative concrete strength of the poured area at different times in the time series is used to calculate the concrete strength change at adjacent times, thereby calculating the strength development speed; After determining the foundation reaching standard time, extract the environmental condition data at that time and compare it with the suitable environmental conditions required for concrete demoulding. If the environmental conditions meet the suitable requirements, directly determine that the foundation reaching standard time is the demoulding time; otherwise, it is determined that the demoulding time has not been reached. At this time, the strength value of concrete at different time points in the future is predicted based on the current strength development speed, and the environmental conditions at different time points in the future are obtained by combining weather forecast information; If the prediction results show that the environmental conditions can be improved to a suitable state for demolding before the concrete strength increases to the intervention threshold, the demolding waiting stage is entered, and the changes in environmental conditions are tracked in real time. The demolding time is recorded after the conditions are met. If the prediction results show that the environmental conditions have not improved to a suitable state for demolding when the concrete strength increases to the intervention threshold, artificial intervention measures are initiated to create environmental conditions suitable for demolding.

2. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The real-time monitoring of the strength development of concrete is described in the following process: Select concrete strength testing equipment according to testing requirements and arrange testing points on the poured area; Start the concrete strength testing equipment to continuously collect data from each testing point at the set time interval starting from the moment when the concrete pouring is completed; The concrete strength time series corresponding to each detection point is constructed through the collected strength data.

3. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The jack pressure distribution uniformity analysis process is as follows: A pressure sensor is installed on each jack to collect pressure data in real time; Set the pressure collection frequency, and monitor and record the pressure value of each jack in real time through the pressure sensor according to the frequency before the demoulding time is reached; For each jack pressure data collected at the same time point, the discrete degree of the jack pressure distribution is quantified by extracting characteristic values; The calculated discreteness is compared with the preset allowable range. If the discreteness is within the allowable range, it is considered that the jack pressure distribution is uniform, otherwise it is considered that the jack pressure distribution is uneven.

4. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The jack pressure regulation is implemented as follows: Determine the target value of the jack pressure, compare and analyze the actual pressure values ​​of each jack based on the target value, identify abnormal jacks whose pressure deviates from the target value, and calculate their pressure deviation; Normalizing the pressure deviations of all abnormal jacks to obtain normalized deviations; The total adjustment step is set to represent the maximum allowable change of each adjustment, and the specific adjustment range of each abnormal jack is proportionally allocated based on the normalized deviation; Use the hydraulic control system to synchronously adjust the pressure of all abnormal jacks according to the allocated adjustment range, and re-evaluate the uniformity of the jack pressure distribution after a single adjustment is completed. If one adjustment fails to completely eliminate the uneven pressure distribution, repeat the above operation until the uneven pressure distribution is eliminated.

5. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The unloading sequence of the planned jack pressure is shown in the following process: Based on the current pressure distribution detection results, the pressure values ​​of all jacks are compared pairwise to quantify the pressure similarity between each jack and other jacks, and the group of jacks with similar pressures that meet the conditions are screened out according to the preset similarity threshold, and the jacks that do not meet the conditions are marked as isolated jacks; For each jack group with similar pressure, the geometric relationship between the positions of the two jacks inside is analyzed to determine whether they are symmetrical; Combine the pressure values ​​and symmetry analysis results of each jack group with similar pressure to comprehensively evaluate its unloading priority; All jack groups with similar pressures are sorted in descending order of unloading priority to form an unloading order of the jack group pressures.

6. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The unloading sequence of the planned jack pressure also includes the following process: For each isolated jack, obtain the distance between its position and the center point of the formwork system, and combine it with the pressure value to evaluate the unloading priority; Arrange all isolated jacks in descending order of unloading priority to form an unloading order of isolated jack pressure; The unloading sequence of the jack group and the unloading sequence of the isolated jack are combined according to the principle of group unloading priority to form a complete jack pressure unloading sequence.

7. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The displacement and stress distribution of the monitoring template system are implemented as follows: Displacement sensors are set at the connection points of the template system to collect the displacement of the connection points; Stress sensors are set at the supporting points of the formwork system to collect stress data of the supporting points.

8. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The dynamic unloading adjustment of the jack pressure is as follows: According to the unloading sequence, the jack in the first place is unloaded with the preset unloading amplitude for the initial stage of pressure unloading; After the unloading is completed, the displacement and stress distribution data of the current template system are collected, and the displacement is compared with the allowable offset displacement. At the same time, whether there is uneven stress distribution is identified from the stress distribution of the template system. If the displacement of the current template system meets the allowable offset displacement and there is no uneven stress distribution, the next stage of pressure unloading of the jack is continued according to the preset unloading amplitude. Otherwise, the preset unloading amplitude is appropriately reduced and the next stage of pressure unloading is resumed until the pressure of the jack is completely unloaded; After the pressure of the first jack is unloaded, the frequency of abnormal phenomena such as the displacement of the template system that does not meet the allowable offset displacement and uneven stress distribution during the unloading process is counted and compared with the set allowable frequency. If the allowable frequency is not reached, the pressure unloading of the next jack will continue in the established unloading order. At the same time, the unloading amplitude of the first jack in the final stage will be referred to and used as the unloading amplitude of the next jack in the initial stage. If the allowable frequency is reached, the subsequent unloading operation will be suspended and the unloading order of the jack pressure will be replanned.

9. A hydraulic climbing formwork monitoring method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: During the process of casting a building using a hydraulic climbing formwork, real-time monitoring of the strength development of concrete in the cast area from the time the casting is completed; Step 2: Collect environmental conditions of the poured area in real time from the time the pouring is completed; Step 3: Use the real-time detected concrete strength and environmental conditions to judge whether the demoulding time has been reached. If the demoulding time has not been reached, execute steps 4-5; if the demoulding time has been reached, execute steps 6-7; The method of judging whether the demoulding time has been reached is as follows: Extract the concrete strength values ​​of all the test points at the same time from the concrete strength time series corresponding to each test point in the poured area, and select the representative concrete strength from them; The representative concrete strength of the poured area at different times in the time series is compared with the set strength threshold. If the representative concrete strength at a certain moment reaches or exceeds the strength threshold, the moment is recorded as the basic reaching time. The representative concrete strength of the poured area at different times in the time series is used to calculate the concrete strength change at adjacent times, thereby calculating the strength development speed; After determining the foundation reaching standard time, extract the environmental condition data at that time and compare it with the suitable environmental conditions required for concrete demoulding. If the environmental conditions meet the suitable requirements, directly determine that the foundation reaching standard time is the demoulding time; otherwise, it is determined that the demoulding time has not been reached. At this time, the strength value of concrete at different time points in the future is predicted based on the current strength development speed, and the environmental conditions at different time points in the future are obtained by combining weather forecast information; If the prediction results show that the environmental conditions can be improved to a suitable state for demoulding before the concrete strength increases to the intervention threshold, the demoulding waiting stage is entered, and the changes in environmental conditions are tracked in real time. The demoulding time is recorded after the conditions are met. If the prediction results show that the environmental conditions have not been improved to a suitable state for demoulding when the concrete strength increases to the intervention threshold, manual intervention measures are initiated to create environmental conditions suitable for demoulding. Step 4: Analyze the uniformity of jack pressure distribution; Step 5: When it is found that the pressure distribution of the jack is uneven, adjust the pressure of the jack; Step 6: Detect the current pressure distribution of the jack, and plan the unloading order of the jack pressure according to the detection results; Step 7: Monitor the displacement and stress distribution of the template system in real time while gradually unloading the pressure of each jack in the unloading sequence, thereby dynamically unloading and adjusting the jack pressure.

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