Vehicle heat management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle heat management heat exchange path design method based on a temperature sequence. The vehicle heat management heat exchange path design method comprises the steps of screening heat management demand components, obtaining the optimal working temperature interval of the components based on test data, calculating a multi-working-condition heat exchange path and heat exchange demand based on the temperature sequence and designing a heat exchange path based on an accumulated contribution heat exchange amount sequence. According to the vehicle heat management heat exchange path design method based on the temperature sequence, the design of a high-efficiency and high-integration heat exchange path can be guided, and it is ensured that heat is efficiently utilized or released under various working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle design, and in particular to a vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence. Background Art

[0002] This section merely provides background information related to the present disclosure and is not necessarily prior art.

[0003] With the development of new energy technologies, the integration and complexity of vehicle components have increased significantly. In order to ensure that components are within a reasonable temperature range, avoid possible thermal runaway, and meet the comfort of crew members, thermal management of the vehicle is required.

[0004] Therefore, how to establish a universal thermal management path design method for vehicles of various configurations is an important research direction. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to at least solve the problem of how to establish a universal thermal management path design method for vehicles of various configurations. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention proposes a vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence, comprising:

[0007] The components in the vehicle that have the ability to generate heat and exchange heat are divided into first-category components, second-category components and third-category components, wherein the first-category components include components that can change the vehicle's motion state and have heat exchange requirements, the second-category components include the main heat-generating components in the passenger compartment and components with heat exchange requirements in the passenger compartment, and the third-category components include components that can generate heat exchange and components that can convert electrical energy into thermal energy;

[0008] Evaluate and assign points to each of the first-category components and each of the second-category components according to thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility, and mandatory requirements, and select the first-category components and the second-category components with points greater than a preset value as thermal management components;

[0009] Determine a temperature test range of each of the thermal management components, and equally divide the temperature test range of each of the thermal management components to obtain a plurality of temperature intervals;

[0010] Calculating the energy efficiency ratio of each of the thermal management components in the multiple temperature ranges, and taking the temperature range with the highest energy efficiency ratio as the optimal working range of the thermal management component;

[0011] Extracting loading information, and loading the scene condition according to the loading information, wherein the loading information includes the ambient temperature and the speed curve, and in the loading information, before the vehicle starts the journey, the temperature of the vehicle components is consistent and the same as the external environment;

[0012] Calculating a characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components according to the scene working condition, and sorting the characteristic temperatures of all the thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperatures;

[0013] Determining the state of each of the thermal management components according to the characteristic temperature and the working range of each of the thermal management components and calculating the heat exchange required power of each of the thermal management components;

[0014] Determine a heat exchange path, wherein the heat exchange path includes a path between the thermal management components, a path between the thermal management component and the third-type component, and a path between the thermal management component and the environment, determine all transient optimal heat exchange paths according to the heat exchange required power of each thermal management component and the ranking position of the characteristic temperature, and determine the heat exchange power of each thermal management component based on the state, ranking position and heat exchange required power of each thermal management component in each heat exchange path;

[0015] According to the heat exchange power of all the thermal management components in each heat exchange path, the cumulative heat exchange amount of each heat exchange path is calculated, the heat exchange paths whose cumulative heat exchange amount is greater than 0 are screened out, and the screened heat exchange paths are sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence;

[0016] The energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path are determined based on the number of the selected heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence and the total number of the heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence.

[0017] The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence of the present invention can guide the design of high-efficiency and high-integration heat exchange paths to ensure efficient utilization or release of heat under various working conditions.

[0018] In some embodiments, the step of evaluating and scoring each of the first-category components and each of the second-category components according to thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility, and mandatory requirements, and selecting the first-category components and the second-category components with scores greater than a preset value as thermal management components includes:

[0019] Evaluate the thermal sensitivity of each first-category component and each second-category component according to the degree of influence of temperature on life and functionality, wherein the thermal sensitivity scores include: a score of 1 for a degree of influence less than 5%, a score of 2 for a degree of influence greater than or equal to 5% and less than 20%, and a score of 3 for a degree of influence greater than or equal to 20%;

[0020] The heat flux density of each first-category component and each second-category component is evaluated according to the maximum heat flow rate during operation, wherein the heat flux density score includes: the maximum heat flow rate is less than 1 kW / m 2 The score is 1, the maximum heat flow rate is greater than or equal to 1kW / m 2 And less than or equal to 5kW / m 2 Rating 2, the maximum heat flow rate is greater than 5kW / m 2 Rating: 3;

[0021] Evaluate the thermal safety of each first-category component and each second-category component according to the impact of exceeding the rated temperature range on the safety of the entire vehicle, wherein the thermal safety score includes: a score of 1 if the vehicle can continue to drive until the battery is exhausted after exceeding the rated temperature range, a score of 2 if the vehicle can drive for a short time after exceeding the rated temperature range, and a score of 3 if the vehicle cannot drive after exceeding the rated temperature range;

[0022] The feasibility of each first-category component and each second-category component is evaluated according to the complexity of heat utilization and the heat exchange power, wherein the score of the complexity includes: difficult to implement with a score of 1, difficult with a score of 2, and easy to implement with a score of 3, and the score of the heat exchange power includes: the heat exchange power is less than 20W with a score of 1, the heat exchange power is greater than or equal to 20W and less than 100W with a score of 2, and the heat exchange power is greater than or equal to 100W with a score of 3, and the score of the feasibility is the average of the score of the complexity and the score of the heat exchange power;

[0023] Evaluate the prescribed implementability of each first-category component and each second-category component according to national standards or industry standards, wherein the score of prescribed implementability includes: a score of 2 for no clearly specified temperature range and a score of 3 for a clearly specified temperature range;

[0024] Taking thermal sensitivity, heat flux, thermal safety, feasibility and mandatory requirements as evaluation indicators, the weighted one-way score J of each first-category component and each second-category component is calculated by the following formula: i :

[0025]

[0026] Among them, S i(i=1,2,3,4,5) is the score of the i-th evaluation indicator;

[0027] The weighted overall score J of each first-category component and each second-category component is calculated by the following formula: a :

[0028]

[0029] Among them, S i (i=1,2,3,4,5) is the score of the i-th evaluation indicator;

[0030] The final score J of each of the first category components and each of the second category components is calculated by the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] The preset value is 0, and the first category components and the second category components with scores greater than 0 are screened as the thermal management components.

[0033] In some embodiments, the step of determining the temperature test range of each thermal management component and equally dividing the temperature test range of each thermal management component to obtain a plurality of temperature intervals includes:

[0034] Obtain the vehicle immersion temperature range T based on the vehicle energy configuration and national standards GB ;

[0035] Get the rated test temperature range T of each thermal management component st ;

[0036] The temperature test range T of each thermal management component is calculated by the following formula test :

[0037] T test =T GB ∪T st

[0038] The temperature test range of each thermal management component is divided into 10 equal parts according to the following formula to obtain 10 temperature intervals:

[0039]

[0040] Among them, T test,i (k) is the range of the k-th temperature interval of component i, T test,min Indicates the minimum value of the temperature test range, T test,max Indicates the maximum value of the temperature test range.

[0041] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the energy efficiency ratio of each thermal management component in the multiple temperature intervals and taking the temperature interval with the highest energy efficiency ratio as the optimal operating interval of the thermal management component includes:

[0042] selecting a characteristic portion of each of the thermal management components;

[0043] Cooling the temperature of the characteristic portion of each of the thermal management components to a minimum value of the temperature test range;

[0044] Testing each of the thermal management components, and recording the temperature of the characteristic portion, the discrete instantaneous input power in each of the temperature intervals, the discrete instantaneous output power in each of the temperature intervals, and the time parameters;

[0045] When the temperature of the characteristic part reaches the maximum value of the temperature test range, or when the temperature of the characteristic part is stable, the test is terminated.

[0046] The energy efficiency index of each thermal management component in each temperature range is calculated according to the following formula:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, Eff(T test,i (k)) represents the comprehensive energy efficiency in the temperature range of group k, E i,out (T test,i (k)) represents the output energy in the temperature range of the kth group, E i,in (T test,i (k)) represents the input energy of the kth temperature interval, represents the discrete instantaneous output power in the kth temperature range and time t, represents the discrete instantaneous input power under the kth temperature interval and time t, and Δt represents the discrete time interval;

[0049] The temperature range T with the highest energy efficiency ratio is obtained by the following formula test * :

[0050]

[0051] The temperature range T of each thermal management component with the highest energy efficiency ratio test * As the optimal working range of the thermal management component.

[0052] In some embodiments, the step of extracting loading information and loading the scene condition according to the loading information, wherein the loading information includes an ambient temperature and a speed curve, and the temperature of the vehicle components in the loading information is consistent and the same as the external environment before the vehicle starts the journey, comprises:

[0053] Based on the energy configuration of the vehicle, obtaining the test conditions in the national standard, and loading the test conditions as the scenario conditions; and / or,

[0054] Based on the historical information of cloud traffic flow, a plurality of scenario operating condition curves are generated, and the scenario operating condition curves are loaded as the scenario operating conditions; and / or,

[0055] Based on the user's vehicle usage history information, complete driving segments of the vehicle are screened, and the driving segments are loaded as the scenario conditions.

[0056] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components according to the scene conditions, and sorting all of the thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperatures includes:

[0057] Dividing all the thermal management components into a plurality of first components and a plurality of second components, wherein the first components include components that can change the motion state of the vehicle and have heat exchange requirements, and the second components include main heat-generating components in the passenger compartment and components in the passenger compartment that have heat exchange requirements;

[0058] The vehicle acceleration a under the discrete operating curve is calculated according to the following formula: k :

[0059]

[0060] Among them, v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point, v k-1 represents the velocity at the k-1th discrete point, Δt represents the discrete time interval;

[0061] Calculate the required power P of each wheel end according to the following formula w :

[0062]

[0063] Where m represents the vehicle mass, C r represents the rolling resistance coefficient, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, and v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point, a k represents the acceleration at the kth discrete point, θ represents the slope angle, C drepresents the drag coefficient, A represents the area of ​​contact between the vehicle and the fluid, ρ represents the vehicle density, and δ represents the rotational mass conversion factor;

[0064] The output power P of each of the first components is calculated according to the following formula i,out :

[0065]

[0066] Among them, Te i,out represents the output torque required by the first component, n i represents the output speed of the first component, P w is the wheel end power requirement, η i-w (T i ) is at temperature T i When the energy of each first component is transferred to the wheel end, the product of the efficiency of the first component is i i-w represents the product of the speed ratios of the speed regulating components when each of the first components is transferred to the wheel end, d w represents the diameter of the wheel, π represents the circumference of the circle, and v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point;

[0067] The input power P of each of the first components is calculated according to the following formula: i,in :

[0068]

[0069] Among them, η i (n i ,Te i ,T i ) indicates that the component rotates at a speed of n i , torque is Te i , component characteristic temperature T i Efficiency under

[0070] The characteristic temperature of each of the first components is calculated according to the following formula:

[0071]

[0072] Among them, T i,k,1 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the first components at the kth discrete point, T i,k-1,1 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the first components at the k-1th discrete point, represents the heat generation power of each of the first components at the kth discrete point, represents the actual heat transfer power of each of the first components at the kth discrete point, Δt represents the discrete time interval, m 1irepresents the mass of the first component, C 1i represents the specific heat capacity of the first component, η i (n i ,Te i ,T i ) indicates that the component rotates at a speed of n i , torque is Te i , component characteristic temperature T i Efficiency under

[0073] According to the cabin state and based on the design index, obtaining the heat generation power and heat exchange power of the second component;

[0074] The characteristic temperature of each of the second components is calculated according to the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, T i,k,2 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the second components at the kth discrete point, T i,k-1,2 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the second components at the k-1th discrete point, represents the heat generation power of each of the second components at the kth discrete point, represents the actual heat transfer power of each of the second components at the kth discrete point, m 2i represents the mass of the second component, C 2i represents the specific heat capacity of the second component, and Δt represents a discrete time interval;

[0077] According to the characteristic temperatures of all the first components and the characteristic temperatures of all the second components, a temperature sequence T of the thermal management component is formed. k :

[0078] T k =[T 1,k T 2,k T 3,k T 4,k …T i,k ]

[0079] The temperature sequence is sorted in descending order by the following formula to form a descending temperature sequence T sort :

[0080] T sort = sort(T k ,′descend′).

[0081] In some embodiments, judging the state of each thermal management component and calculating the heat exchange demand power of each thermal management component according to the characteristic temperature and the working range of each thermal management component includes:

[0082] comparing the characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components with the optimal operating range;

[0083] According to the characteristic temperature being within the optimal working range, it is judged that the thermal management component is in a balanced state and can absorb and release heat, and the heat exchange demand power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula:

[0084]

[0085] in, represents the heat exchange power requirement of the thermal management component, T test,max * is the upper limit of the optimal working range, T test,min * is the lower limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat dissipation power allowed by the thermal management component, is the maximum heat absorption power allowed by the thermal management component, m i represents the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents a discrete time interval, T i,k Indicates a characteristic temperature of the thermal management component;

[0086] According to the characteristic temperature being greater than the upper limit of the optimal working range, it is determined that the thermal management component has a heat release requirement, and the heat release requirement power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] in, represents the heat exchange power requirement of the thermal management component, T test,max * is the upper limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat dissipation power allowed by the thermal management component, m i represents the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents a discrete time interval, T i,k Indicates a characteristic temperature of the thermal management component;

[0089] According to the characteristic temperature being less than the lower limit of the optimal working range, it is determined that the thermal management component has a heat absorption requirement, and the heat release requirement power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] in, represents the heat exchange power requirement of the thermal management component, T test,min * is the lower limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat absorption power allowed by the thermal management component, m i represents the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents a discrete time interval, T i,k represents the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component.

[0092] In some embodiments, the heat exchange path is determined, the heat exchange path includes the path between the thermal management components, the path between the thermal management component and the third type of component, and the path between the thermal management component and the environment, all transient optimal heat exchange paths are determined according to the heat exchange required power of each thermal management component and the ranking position of the characteristic temperature, and the heat exchange power of each thermal management component is determined based on the state, ranking position and heat exchange required power of each thermal management component in each heat exchange path, including:

[0093] Obtaining a position of each of the thermal management components in the descending temperature sequence;

[0094] determining a state of the thermal management component;

[0095] When the thermal management component has a heat release requirement, determining whether there is a subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0096] When there is a subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component, the thermal management component releases heat to the subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement;

[0097] Determining whether the heat release requirement of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release requirement power of the thermal management component and the heat absorption requirement power of a subsequent thermal management component with heat absorption requirement;

[0098] When the heat release requirement of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component, determining the magnitude of the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component and the ambient temperature;

[0099] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is greater than the ambient temperature, the thermal management component releases heat to the environment;

[0100] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is lower than the ambient temperature, determining whether there is a subsequent thermal management component in an equilibrium state after the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0101] When there is a subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state after the thermal management component, the thermal management component releases heat to the subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state;

[0102] Determining whether the heat release demand of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release demand power of the thermal management component and the heat exchange demand power of the subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state;

[0103] When the heat release demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component in an equilibrium state after the thermal management component, cooling the thermal management component by means of the third type component;

[0104] When the thermal management component has a heat absorption requirement, determining whether there is a preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0105] When there is a preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement;

[0106] Determining whether the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release demand power of the thermal management component and the heat absorption demand power of the preceding thermal management component;

[0107] When the heat absorption requirement of the thermal management component cannot be met, or there is no preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component, determining the magnitude of the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component and the ambient temperature;

[0108] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is lower than the ambient temperature, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the environment;

[0109] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is greater than the ambient temperature, determining whether there is a preceding thermal management component in an equilibrium state before the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0110] When there is a preceding thermal management component in a balanced state before the thermal management component, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the preceding thermal management component in a balanced state;

[0111] Determining whether the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release demand power of the thermal management component and the heat exchange demand power of the preceding thermal management component;

[0112] When the heat absorption requirement of the thermal management component cannot be met, or there is no preceding thermal management component in a balanced state before the thermal management component;

[0113] heating the thermal management component by means of the third type of component;

[0114] Acquire a heat release path of the thermal management component with a heat release requirement, a heat absorption path of the thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement, and a heat exchange path of the thermal management component in a balanced state, and determine the transient optimal heat exchange path;

[0115] The heat release power of the heat management component with a heat release requirement, the heat absorption power of the heat management component with a heat absorption requirement, and the heat exchange power of the heat management component in a balanced state are obtained.

[0116] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the cumulative heat exchange amount of each heat exchange path according to the heat exchange power of all the thermal management components in each heat exchange path, screening out the heat exchange paths whose cumulative heat exchange amount is greater than 0, and sorting the screened heat exchange paths in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence includes:

[0117] The cumulative heat transfer Q of each heat exchange path is calculated according to the following formula: i,i+n :

[0118]

[0119] represents the absolute value of the heat exchange power of all the thermal management components of each heat exchange path at time k, and Δt represents a discrete time interval;

[0120] The heat exchange paths with the cumulative heat exchange amount greater than 0 are screened out according to the following formula, and the screened heat exchange paths are sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount, so as to obtain a descending cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence Q sort :

[0121] Q sort = sort(Q i,i+n >0,′descend′).

[0122] In some embodiments, the step of determining the energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path according to the number of the selected heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence and the total number of the heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence comprises:

[0123] The heat transfer path retention ratio Per is calculated by the following formula path :

[0124]

[0125] Among them, N all (Q sort ) represents the number of all heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence, N n (Q sort ) represents the number of heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence selected in the total heat exchange path;

[0126] The energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path are determined by the heat exchange path retention ratio, wherein the heat exchange path retention ratio is positively correlated with the energy efficiency, and the heat exchange path retention ratio is negatively correlated with the simplicity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0127] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the same reference numerals are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0128] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on a temperature sequence according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0129] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of some thermal management components and optimal working ranges of some embodiments of the present invention;

[0130] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of some thermal management components and heat exchange requirements of some embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0131] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0132] In order to at least solve the problem of how to establish a universal thermal management path design method for vehicles of various configurations, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature series, which can guide the design of high-efficiency and highly integrated heat exchange paths to ensure efficient utilization or release of heat under various working conditions.

[0133] The following describes a vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0134] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence, including:

[0135] S100, classifying components in the vehicle that have heat generation and heat exchange capabilities into first-category components, second-category components, and third-category components, wherein the first-category components include components that can change the vehicle's motion state and have heat exchange requirements, the second-category components include major heat generation components in the passenger compartment and components in the passenger compartment that have heat exchange requirements, and the third-category components include components that can generate heat exchange and components that can convert electrical energy into thermal energy;

[0136] S200, evaluating and scoring each first-category component and each second-category component according to thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility, and mandatory requirements, and selecting first-category components and second-category components with scores greater than a preset value as thermal management components;

[0137] S300, determining a temperature test range of each thermal management component, and equally dividing the temperature test range of each thermal management component to obtain a plurality of temperature intervals;

[0138] S400, calculating the energy efficiency ratio of each thermal management component in multiple temperature ranges, and taking the temperature range with the highest energy efficiency ratio as the optimal working range of the thermal management component;

[0139] S500, extracting loading information, and loading a scene condition according to the loading information, wherein the loading information includes an ambient temperature and a speed curve, and in the loading information, before the vehicle starts the journey, the temperature of the vehicle components is consistent and the same as the external environment;

[0140] S600, calculating a characteristic temperature of each thermal management component according to a scene working condition, and sorting the characteristic temperatures of all thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperatures;

[0141] S700, judging the state of each thermal management component according to the characteristic temperature and working range of each thermal management component and calculating the heat exchange required power of each thermal management component;

[0142] S800, determining a heat exchange path, wherein the heat exchange path includes a path between the thermal management components, a path between the thermal management component and the third-type component, and a path between the thermal management component and the environment, determining all transient optimal heat exchange paths according to the heat exchange demand power and the ranking position of the characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components, and determining the heat exchange power of each of the thermal management components based on the state, ranking position and heat exchange demand power of each of the thermal management components in each of the heat exchange paths;

[0143] S900, according to the heat exchange power of all the thermal management components in each heat exchange path, calculate the cumulative heat exchange amount of each heat exchange path, screen out the heat exchange paths with a cumulative heat exchange amount greater than 0, and sort the screened heat exchange paths in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount, so as to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence;

[0144] S1000. Determine the energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path according to the number of heat exchange paths in the selected cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence and the total number of heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence.

[0145] It should be noted that the vehicle of the present invention can be a complete vehicle or an incomplete vehicle. A complete vehicle refers to a vehicle that already has the designed functions and does not need to be manufactured. An incomplete vehicle refers to a vehicle that is composed of at least a frame or other load-bearing structure, a power system, a transmission system, a driving system, a steering system, and a braking system, but still needs to be manufactured to become a drivable unit of a complete vehicle. Among them, a complete vehicle can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle. However, the vehicle of the present invention does not include a three-wheeled vehicle with a curb weight of more than 400 kilograms.

[0146] S100. Divide components in the vehicle that have heat-generating and heat-exchanging capabilities into first-category components, second-category components, and third-category components, wherein first-category components include components that can change the vehicle's motion state and have heat-exchanging requirements, second-category components include major heat-generating components in the passenger compartment and components with heat-exchanging requirements in the passenger compartment, and third-category components include components that can generate heat exchange and components that can convert electrical energy into thermal energy.

[0147] The functions of the first category of components are related to driving. The first category of components include driving-related components. The first category of components include components that change the vehicle's motion state during driving and have heat exchange requirements. The working process of the first category of components is usually accompanied by a large amount of heat release for itself or other components. Under extreme working conditions, the first category of components usually have heat exchange requirements to maintain the components at the best performance.

[0148] The second category of components is related to the cockpit. The second category of components includes cockpit-related components. The second category of components includes the main heat-generating and heat-exchange-required components in the passenger compartment to meet the driving experience and comfort requirements of the members.

[0149] The third type of components can keep the drive and the cabin in the best state. The third type of components includes related components that maintain the drive and the cabin in the best state. The third type of components includes heat exchange components and components that convert electrical energy into thermal energy. The third type of components, as a bridge for heat transfer, can transfer the heat required by the first type of components and the second type of components so that the heat can be used by each other. When the heat exchange requirements of the first type of components and the second type of components cannot be met, the third type of components can also perform cooling or heating to meet the heat exchange requirements of the first type of components and the second type of components.

[0150] In the heat exchange path, the third type of components are more important, so they need to be retained. The first type and second type components need to be screened to keep the heat exchange path simple.

[0151] Therefore, by classifying components in the vehicle that have heat generation and heat exchange capabilities into first-category components, second-category components, and third-category components, the difficulty of screening parts in the vehicle can be reduced.

[0152] As an example, Table 1 lists the common drive-related components, cabin-related components and related components for maintaining the drive and cabin in the best state in vehicles with different energy configurations. Among them, DC (Direct Current) / DC (Direct Current) refers to the DC / DC converter, and PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) refers to the positive temperature coefficient thermistor.

[0153]

[0154] Table 1

[0155] S200. Evaluate and assign scores to each first-category component and each second-category component based on thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility, and mandatory requirements, and select first-category components and second-category components with scores greater than preset values ​​as thermal management components.

[0156] The first and second category components are evaluated by thermal sensitivity, heat flux, thermal safety, feasibility and mandatory regulations, so as to determine whether each first category component and each second category component needs to be included in the thermal management heat exchange path separately. By screening the first and second category components, the complexity of the heat exchange path can be reduced.

[0157] In some embodiments, the step of evaluating and scoring each first-category component and each second-category component according to thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility, and mandatory requirements, and selecting first-category components and second-category components with scores greater than a preset value as thermal management components includes:

[0158] Evaluate the thermal sensitivity of each first-category component and each second-category component according to the degree of influence of temperature on life and functionality, wherein the thermal sensitivity scores include: a score of 1 for an influence degree less than 5%, a score of 2 for an influence degree greater than or equal to 5% and less than 20%, and a score of 3 for an influence degree greater than or equal to 20%;

[0159] The heat flux density of each first-category component and each second-category component is evaluated based on the maximum heat flow rate during operation, wherein the heat flux density score includes: the maximum heat flow rate is less than 1kW / m 2 Rating 1, maximum heat flow rate greater than or equal to 1kW / m 2 And less than or equal to 5kW / m 2 Rating 2, maximum heat flow rate greater than 5kW / m 2 Rating: 3;

[0160] The thermal safety of each first-category component and each second-category component is evaluated based on the impact of exceeding the rated temperature range on the safety of the entire vehicle, wherein the thermal safety scores include: if the vehicle can continue to drive until the battery is exhausted after exceeding the rated temperature range, the score is 1; if the vehicle can drive for a short time after exceeding the rated temperature range, the score is 2; and if the vehicle cannot drive after exceeding the rated temperature range, the score is 3;

[0161] The feasibility of each first-category component and each second-category component is evaluated according to the complexity of heat utilization and the heat exchange power, wherein the score of the complexity includes: difficult to implement with a score of 1, difficult with a score of 2, and easy to implement with a score of 3, and the score of the heat exchange power includes: the heat exchange power is less than 20W with a score of 1, the heat exchange power is greater than or equal to 20W and less than 100W with a score of 2, and the heat exchange power is greater than or equal to 100W with a score of 3, and the score of the feasibility is the average of the score of the complexity and the score of the heat exchange power;

[0162] The prescribed implementability of each Category I component and each Category II component is evaluated according to national standards or industry standards, where the scores for prescribed implementability include: a score of 2 for no clearly specified temperature range and a score of 3 for a clearly specified temperature range; for example, GB / T 38661-2020 stipulates that the operating temperature of the battery is -20°C (degrees Celsius) to 65°C (degrees Celsius).

[0163] Taking thermal sensitivity, heat flux, thermal safety, feasibility and mandatory requirements as evaluation indicators, the weighted one-way score J of each first-category component and each second-category component is calculated by the following formula: i :

[0164]

[0165] Among them, S i (i=1,2,3,4,5) is the score of the i-th evaluation indicator;

[0166] The weighted overall score J for each first-class component and each second-class component is calculated by the following formula: a :

[0167]

[0168] Among them, S i (i=1,2,3,4,5) is the score of the i-th evaluation indicator;

[0169] The final score J for each first-category component and each second-category component is calculated by the following formula:

[0170]

[0171] The preset value is 0, and the first-category components and the second-category components with scores greater than 0 are screened as thermal management components.

[0172] Table 2 exemplarily lists the contents of scoring the first category components and the second category components by thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility and regulatory mandatory nature.

[0173]

[0174] Table 2

[0175] Thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility and mandatory requirements can be used as the i-th evaluation indicator in any order. For example, the first evaluation indicator can be thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, etc.

[0176] Taking the first evaluation index as thermal sensitivity as an example, that is, S1 is the score of thermal sensitivity. If S1 is 1 or 2, J1 is 0; if S1 is 3, J1 is 1.

[0177] In the formula If the cumulative score of each evaluation indicator is less than 8, then J a If the cumulative score of each evaluation indicator is greater than or equal to 8, then J a is 1.

[0178] By formula The final total score can be calculated to determine whether each first-category component and each second-category component needs to be separately included in the thermal management heat exchange path, so as to reduce the complexity of the heat exchange path.

[0179] S300: Determine a temperature test range for each thermal management component, and equally divide the temperature test range for each thermal management component to obtain a plurality of temperature intervals.

[0180] The operating temperature range of each thermal management component may span a large range, and the optimal operating ranges of different thermal management components are different. Therefore, it is necessary to individually determine the temperature test range of each thermal management component and divide the temperature test range equally to obtain multiple temperature ranges, so as to find the optimal operating range from the temperature ranges through subsequent steps.

[0181] In some embodiments, the step of determining a temperature test range of each thermal management component and equally dividing the temperature test range of each thermal management component to obtain a plurality of temperature intervals includes:

[0182] Obtain the vehicle immersion temperature range T based on the vehicle energy configuration and national standards GB ;

[0183] Get the rated test temperature range T of each thermal management component st ;

[0184] The temperature test range T of each thermal management component is calculated by the following formula test :

[0185] T test =T GB ∪T st

[0186] T GB ∪T st Indicates T GB and T st Take the union.

[0187] Divide the temperature test range of each thermal management component into 10 equal parts and obtain 10 temperature intervals according to the following formula:

[0188]

[0189] Among them, T test,i (k) is the range of the kth temperature interval of component i, T test,min Indicates the minimum value of the temperature test range, T test,max Indicates the maximum value of the temperature test range.

[0190] Through this embodiment, the temperature test range of each thermal management component can be determined individually, and the temperature test range can be equally divided to obtain multiple temperature intervals, so as to find the best working interval from the temperature intervals in subsequent steps.

[0191] Table 3 shows by way of example the vehicle immersion temperature range T under the national test standards for some energy configuration vehicles. GB .

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] Table 3

[0195] S400: Calculate the energy efficiency ratio of each thermal management component in multiple temperature ranges, and take the temperature range with the highest energy efficiency ratio as the optimal working range of the thermal management component.

[0196] By calculating the energy efficiency ratio in each temperature range, the temperature range with the highest energy efficiency ratio is obtained through the energy efficiency ratio of each temperature range, and the temperature range with the highest energy efficiency ratio is taken as the optimal working range. When the thermal management component is in the optimal working range, the thermal management component is in a transient optimal state.

[0197] By obtaining the optimal working range of the thermal management component, the temperature range in which the thermal management component is in a transient optimal state can be obtained, so as to facilitate calculation in subsequent steps.

[0198] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the energy efficiency ratio of each thermal management component in multiple temperature intervals and taking the temperature interval with the highest energy efficiency ratio as the optimal working interval of the thermal management component includes:

[0199] Selecting a characteristic portion of each thermal management component;

[0200] Cooling the temperature of the characteristic portion of each thermal management component to a minimum value of the temperature test range;

[0201] Test each thermal management component and record the temperature of the characteristic part, the discrete instantaneous input power in each temperature interval, the discrete instantaneous output power in each temperature interval and the time parameters;

[0202] The test ends when the temperature of the characteristic part reaches the maximum value of the temperature test range, or when the temperature of the characteristic part stabilizes.

[0203] The energy efficiency index of each thermal management component in each temperature range is calculated according to the following formula:

[0204]

[0205] Among them, Eff(Ttest,i (k)) represents the comprehensive energy efficiency of the kth temperature range, E i,out (T test,i (k)) represents the output energy of the kth temperature interval, E i,in (T test,i (k)) represents the input energy of the kth temperature interval, represents the discrete instantaneous output power in the kth temperature range and time t, represents the discrete instantaneous input power under the kth temperature interval and time t, and Δt represents the discrete time interval;

[0206] The temperature range T with the highest energy efficiency ratio is obtained by the following formula test * :

[0207]

[0208] The temperature range T with the highest energy efficiency ratio of each thermal management component test * As the optimal working range of thermal management components.

[0209] The thermal management components are in a non-steady state during operation, and different parts of the thermal management components have different problems. Therefore, representative parts of the thermal management components are selected as characteristic parts, and the temperature of the thermal management components is measured by the temperature of the characteristic parts. For example, the chip surface is used as the characteristic part of the computing chip, the stator is used as the characteristic part of the electric drive system, and the battery cell is used as the characteristic part of the power battery.

[0210] Through this embodiment, the energy efficiency ratio of each thermal management component in multiple temperature ranges can be calculated to screen out the optimal working range.

[0211] In some specific embodiments, the input and output power of the thermal management component working in the form of chemical energy is calculated by the following formula:

[0212]

[0213] in The heat released by fuel combustion, To test the volume flow, LHV i To test the lower heating value of fuel.

[0214] The input and output power of the thermal management component working in the form of mechanical energy is calculated by the following formula:

[0215]

[0216] The input and output power of the thermal management component working in the form of electrical energy is calculated by the following formula:

[0217]

[0218] in is the electrical power, U i is the test voltage, I i Test the current for the component.

[0219] The chip computing power is calculated using the following formula:

[0220] FLOPS=FLOPS s ×N, where FLOPS is the total computing power of the chip, s

[0221] This embodiment can calculate the input and output powers of thermal management components in various working modes, thereby facilitating the calculation of discrete instantaneous output powers of the thermal management components in each temperature range.

[0222] S500, extracting loading information, and loading scene conditions according to the loading information, wherein the loading information includes ambient temperature and speed curve, and in the loading information, before the vehicle starts the journey, the temperature of the vehicle components is consistent and the same as the external environment.

[0223] Before the vehicle starts its journey, the temperature of the vehicle components is consistent and the same as the external environment, so that the initial temperature loaded by the thermal management component can be controlled, so as to calculate the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component.

[0224] By making the loading information include the ambient temperature and the speed curve, the load of the thermal management component can be discretized, so as to reduce the difficulty of calculating the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component.

[0225] In some embodiments, extracting loading information and loading scene conditions according to the loading information, wherein the loading information includes an ambient temperature and a speed curve, and in the loading information, before the vehicle starts the journey, the temperature of the vehicle components is consistent and the same as the external environment, comprising:

[0226] Based on the energy configuration of the vehicle, obtain the test conditions in the national standard and load the test conditions as scenario conditions; and / or,

[0227] Based on the historical traffic flow information in the cloud, multiple scenario operating condition curves are generated, and the scenario operating condition curves are loaded as scenario operating conditions; and / or,

[0228] Based on the user's vehicle usage history information, the complete driving segments of the vehicle are filtered and loaded as scene conditions.

[0229] Based on the vehicle's energy configuration, the test conditions in the national standards are obtained, based on the historical traffic flow information in the cloud, multiple scenario condition curves are generated, and based on the user's vehicle usage history information, the complete driving segments of the vehicle are screened. All of these can make the extracted information loaded as the scenario condition include the ambient temperature and speed curve, and make the temperature of the vehicle components in the loaded information consistent and the same as the external environment before the vehicle starts the journey, so as to reduce the difficulty of calculating the characteristic temperature of the thermal management components.

[0230] As an example, the test conditions in the national standard can be shown in Table 3.

[0231] S600: Calculate the characteristic temperature of each thermal management component according to the scene working condition, and sort the characteristic temperatures of all thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperatures.

[0232] According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat cannot be transferred spontaneously from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object. By sorting the characteristic temperatures of all thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperatures, the heat flow order between the heat pipe components can be preliminarily determined, which facilitates the design of the heat exchange path in subsequent steps.

[0233] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the characteristic temperature of each thermal management component according to the scene working condition, and sorting all the thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperature includes:

[0234] Divide all thermal management components into a plurality of first components and a plurality of second components, wherein the first components include components that can change the motion state of the vehicle and have heat exchange requirements, and the second components include main heat-generating components in the passenger compartment and components in the passenger compartment that have heat exchange requirements;

[0235] The vehicle acceleration a under the discrete operating curve is calculated according to the following formula: k :

[0236]

[0237] Among them, v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point, v k-1 represents the velocity at the k-1th discrete point, Δt represents the discrete time interval;

[0238] Calculate the required power P of each wheel end according to the following formula w :

[0239]

[0240] Where m represents the vehicle mass, C r represents the rolling resistance coefficient, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, and v krepresents the velocity at the kth discrete point, a k represents the acceleration at the kth discrete point, θ represents the slope angle, C d represents the drag coefficient, A represents the area of ​​contact between the vehicle and the fluid, ρ represents the vehicle density, and δ represents the rotational mass conversion factor;

[0241] The output power P of each first component is calculated according to the following formula i,out :

[0242]

[0243] Among them, Te i,out represents the output torque required by the first component, n i represents the output speed of the first component, P w is the wheel end power requirement, η i-w (T i ) is at temperature T i When the energy of each first component is transferred to the wheel end, the product of the efficiency of the first component is i i-w It represents the product of the speed ratios of the speed regulating components when each first component is transferred to the wheel end, d w represents the diameter of the wheel, π represents the circumference of the circle, and v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point;

[0244] The input power P of each first component is calculated according to the following formula: i,in :

[0245]

[0246] Among them, η i (n i ,Te i ,T i ) indicates that the component rotates at a speed of n i , torque is Te i , component characteristic temperature T i Efficiency under

[0247] The characteristic temperature of each first component is calculated according to the following formula:

[0248]

[0249] Among them, T i,k,1 represents the characteristic temperature of each first component at the kth discrete point, T i,k-1,1 represents the characteristic temperature of each first component at the k-1th discrete point, represents the heat generation power of each first component at the kth discrete point, represents the actual heat transfer power of each first component at the kth discrete point, Δt represents the discrete time interval, m 1i represents the mass of the first component, C 1i represents the specific heat capacity of the first component, η i (n i ,Te i ,T i ) indicates that the component rotates at a speed of n i , torque is Te i , component characteristic temperature T i Efficiency under

[0250] According to the cabin state and based on the design index, the heat generation power and heat exchange power of the second component are obtained;

[0251] The characteristic temperature of each second component is calculated according to the following formula:

[0252]

[0253] Among them, T i,k,2 represents the characteristic temperature of each second component at the kth discrete point, T i,k-1,2 represents the characteristic temperature of each second component at the k-1th discrete point, represents the heat generation power of each second component at the kth discrete point, represents the actual heat transfer power of each second component at the kth discrete point, m 2i represents the mass of the second component, C 2i represents the specific heat capacity of the second component, Δt represents a discrete time interval;

[0254] According to the characteristic temperatures of all the first components and the characteristic temperatures of all the second components, a temperature sequence T of the thermal management component is formed. k :

[0255] T k =[T 1,k T 2,k T 3,k T 4,k …T i,k ]

[0256] The temperature sequence is sorted in descending order by the following formula and a descending temperature sequence T is formed. sort :

[0257] T sort = sort(T k ,′descend′).

[0258] By dividing all the thermal management components into a plurality of first components and a plurality of second components, the characteristic temperature can be calculated according to the working modes of the first components and the second components, thereby simplifying the calculation difficulty of the characteristic temperature.

[0259] S700: Determine the state of each thermal management component according to the characteristic temperature and working range of each thermal management component and calculate the heat exchange required power of each thermal management component.

[0260] This embodiment can further determine the heat flow sequence between the heat pipe components, so as to further facilitate the design of the heat exchange path in subsequent steps.

[0261] In some embodiments, judging the state of each thermal management component and calculating the heat exchange demand power of each thermal management component according to the characteristic temperature and the working range of each thermal management component includes:

[0262] Compare the characteristic temperature of each thermal management component with the optimal operating range;

[0263] Since the characteristic temperature is within the optimal working range, it is judged that the thermal management component is in a balanced state and can absorb and release heat. The heat exchange demand power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula:

[0264]

[0265] in, Indicates the heat transfer power required by the thermal management component, T test,max * is the upper limit of the optimal working range, T test,min * is the lower limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat dissipation power allowed by the thermal management component, is the maximum heat absorption power allowed by the thermal management component, m i Indicates the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents the discrete time interval, T i,k Indicates the characteristic temperature of thermal management components;

[0266] Since the characteristic temperature is greater than the upper limit of the optimal working range, it is determined that the thermal management component has a heat release requirement, and the heat release required power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula:

[0267]

[0268] in, Indicates the heat transfer power required by the thermal management component, T test,max * is the upper limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat dissipation power allowed by the thermal management component, m i Indicates the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents the discrete time interval, T i,k Indicates the characteristic temperature of thermal management components;

[0269] Since the characteristic temperature is less than the lower limit of the optimal working range, it is judged that the thermal management component has a heat absorption demand, and the heat release demand power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula:

[0270]

[0271] in, Indicates the heat transfer power required by the thermal management component, T test,min * is the lower limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat absorption power allowed by the thermal management component, m i Indicates the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents the discrete time interval, T i,k Represents the characteristic temperature of thermal management components.

[0272] This embodiment can determine the state of each thermal management component and calculate the heat exchange power of each thermal management component, so as to further determine the heat flow order between the heat pipe components and further facilitate the design of the heat exchange path in subsequent steps.

[0273] S800. Determine a heat exchange path, wherein the heat exchange path includes a path between the thermal management components, a path between the thermal management components and the third type of components, and a path between the thermal management components and the environment; determine all transient optimal heat exchange paths according to the heat exchange demand power and the ranking position of the characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components; determine the heat exchange power of each of the thermal management components based on the state, ranking position and heat exchange demand power of each of the thermal management components in each of the heat exchange paths.

[0274] The heat exchange path of the thermal management component may be a heat exchange path between the thermal management components, or may be a heat exchange path between the thermal management component and the environment.

[0275] By determining the heat exchange power of each thermal management component, it is possible to facilitate the evaluation of the heat exchange path in subsequent steps.

[0276] In some embodiments, determining a heat exchange path, wherein the heat exchange path includes a path between the thermal management components, a path between the thermal management component and the third type component, and a path between the thermal management component and the environment, determining all transient optimal heat exchange paths according to the heat exchange demand power and the ranking position of the characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components, and determining the heat exchange power of each of the thermal management components based on the state, ranking position, and heat exchange demand power of each of the thermal management components in each of the heat exchange paths, comprises:

[0277] Obtain the position of each thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0278] Determine the status of thermal management components;

[0279] When the thermal management component has a heat release requirement, determining whether there is a subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0280] When there is a subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component, the thermal management component releases heat to the subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement;

[0281] According to the heat release power requirement of the thermal management component and the heat absorption power requirement of the subsequent thermal management component with heat absorption requirement, determining whether the heat release requirement of the thermal management component can be met;

[0282] When the heat release requirement of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component, determining the magnitude of the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component and the ambient temperature;

[0283] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is greater than the ambient temperature, the thermal management component releases heat to the environment;

[0284] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is lower than the ambient temperature, determining whether there is a subsequent thermal management component in an equilibrium state after the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0285] When there is a subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state after the thermal management component, the thermal management component releases heat to the subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state;

[0286] According to the heat release power requirement of the thermal management component and the heat exchange power requirement of the subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state, judging whether the heat release demand of the thermal management component can be met;

[0287] When the heat release demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component in an equilibrium state after the thermal management component, the thermal management component is cooled by the third type of component;

[0288] When the thermal management component has a heat absorption requirement, determining whether there is a preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0289] When there is a preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement;

[0290] According to the heat release power requirement of the thermal management component and the heat absorption power requirement of the preceding thermal management component, judging whether the heat absorption requirement of the thermal management component can be met;

[0291] When the heat absorption requirement of the thermal management component cannot be met, or there is no preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component, determining the magnitude of the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component and the ambient temperature;

[0292] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is lower than the ambient temperature, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the environment;

[0293] When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is greater than the ambient temperature, determining whether there is a preceding thermal management component in an equilibrium state before the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence;

[0294] When there is a preceding thermal management component in a balanced state before the thermal management component, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the preceding thermal management component in a balanced state;

[0295] According to the heat release power requirement of the thermal management component and the heat exchange power requirement of the preceding thermal management component, it is determined whether the heat absorption requirement of the thermal management component can be met;

[0296] When the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or there is no preceding thermal management component in a balanced state before the thermal management component, the thermal management component is heated by the third type of component;

[0297] Acquire a heat release path of the thermal management component with a heat release requirement, a heat absorption path of the thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement, and a heat exchange path of the thermal management component in a balanced state, and determine the transient optimal heat exchange path;

[0298] The heat release power of the thermal management component with heat release demand, the heat absorption power of the thermal management component with heat absorption demand, and the heat exchange power of the thermal management component in equilibrium are obtained.

[0299] The thermal management component with heat release demand releases heat preferentially to the subsequent thermal management component with heat absorption demand in the descending temperature sequence, thereby improving the heat utilization rate in the heat exchange path. When the heat release demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component with heat absorption demand after the thermal management component, the thermal management component releases heat to the environment. When the thermal management component cannot release heat to the environment, the thermal management component is made to release heat to the subsequent thermal management component in equilibrium. When the heat release demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component in equilibrium after the thermal management component, the thermal management component is cooled by the third type of component to meet the heat release demand of the thermal management component, so that the thermal management component is in a transient optimal state.

[0300] The thermal management component with heat absorption demand absorbs heat preferentially from the preceding thermal management component with heat release demand in the descending temperature sequence, thereby improving the heat utilization rate in the heat exchange path. When the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component with heat release demand before the thermal management component, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the environment. When the thermal management component cannot absorb heat from the environment, the thermal management component releases heat to the preceding thermal management component in equilibrium. When the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or there is no preceding thermal management component in equilibrium before the thermal management component, the thermal management component is heated by the third type of component, so that the thermal management component is in a transient optimal state.

[0301] Specifically, the heat exchange path is obtained by loading the scene working condition, thereby reducing the workload of obtaining the heat exchange path and lowering the difficulty of obtaining the heat exchange path.

[0302] Figure 3 The horizontal axis in is the thermal management components and environment arranged in descending order of characteristic temperature, among which the characteristic temperature of the engine is the highest and the characteristic temperature of component D is the lowest. The reducer and component B have both heat absorption and heat release requirements, indicating that the reducer and component B are in a balanced state.

[0303] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, as some examples, the engine has a heat absorption demand, but the characteristic temperature of the engine is high, there is no preceding thermal management component, and the ambient temperature is lower than the characteristic temperature of the engine, so the engine is heated by the third type of component.

[0304] The computing chip has a need to release heat. The computing chip has subsequent thermal management components that have a need to absorb heat: power batteries and drive motors. The computing chip can release heat to the power batteries and drive motors. If the power batteries and drive motors cannot meet the computing chip's need to release heat, the computing chip can release heat to the environment because the ambient temperature is lower than the characteristic temperature of the computing chip. In addition, the computing chip can also release heat to component B.

[0305] Both the power battery and the drive motor have heat absorption requirements, and the power battery and the drive motor have a preceding thermal management component with heat release requirements: the computing chip. The power battery and the drive motor can absorb heat from the computing chip. When the heat release requirement of the computing chip cannot meet the heat absorption requirement of the power battery and the drive motor, the power battery and the drive motor also have a preceding thermal management component in a balanced state: the reducer. The power battery and the drive motor can absorb heat from the reducer. When the heat release requirement of the reducer cannot meet the heat absorption requirement of the power battery and the drive motor, the power battery and the drive motor are heated by a third type of component.

[0306] Component A has a heat release requirement, and there is no subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement for component A, but there is a subsequent thermal management component in equilibrium with component A: component B. Component A can release heat to component B. Since the characteristic temperature of component A is lower than the ambient temperature, when component B cannot meet the heat release requirement of component A, cooling is provided to component A through the third type of component.

[0307] Components C and D have heat release requirements. Neither component C nor component D has any subsequent thermal management component with heat absorption requirements, and there is no subsequent thermal management component in equilibrium. Moreover, the characteristic temperatures of component C and component D are both lower than the ambient temperature. Therefore, cooling is provided to component C and component D through the third type of components.

[0308] In summary, the transient optimal heat exchange paths include: engine-third-category components, computing chip-power battery, computing chip-drive motor, computing chip-environment, computing chip-component B, component A-component B, component C-third-category components, component D-third-category components.

[0309] When the heat release demand of the computing chip cannot meet the heat absorption demand of the power battery, there is also a transient optimal heat exchange path: power battery-reducer. When the heat release demand of the reducer cannot meet the power battery, there is also a transient optimal heat exchange path: power battery-third-category components.

[0310] When the heat release demand of the computing chip cannot meet the heat absorption demand of the drive motor, there is also a transient optimal heat exchange path: drive motor-reducer. When the heat release demand of the reducer cannot meet the drive motor, there is also a transient optimal heat exchange path: drive motor-third type component.

[0311] When the heat absorption demand of component B cannot meet the heat release demand of component A, there is still a transient optimal heat exchange path: component A-third type component.

[0312] S900. Calculate the cumulative heat exchange amount of each heat exchange path according to the heat exchange power of all thermal management components in each heat exchange path, screen out heat exchange paths with cumulative heat exchange amounts greater than 0, and sort the screened heat exchange paths in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amounts to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence.

[0313] When the cumulative heat exchange of a heat exchange path is greater than 0, it indicates that it has been enabled. The larger the cumulative heat exchange of a heat exchange path, the more important the heat exchange path is. The screened heat exchange paths are sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence, which can intuitively reflect the importance of the heat exchange path and facilitate the design of the total heat exchange path.

[0314] In some embodiments, according to the heat exchange power of all thermal management components in each heat exchange path, the cumulative heat exchange amount of each heat exchange path is calculated, the heat exchange paths with a cumulative heat exchange amount greater than 0 are screened out, and the screened heat exchange paths are sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence, including:

[0315] The cumulative heat transfer Q of each heat transfer path is calculated according to the following formula i,i+n :

[0316]

[0317] represents the absolute value of the heat transfer power of all thermal management components in each heat transfer path at time k, and Δt represents the discrete time interval;

[0318] According to the following formula, the heat exchange paths with cumulative heat exchange greater than 0 are screened out, and the screened heat exchange paths are sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange, so as to obtain the descending cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence Q sort :

[0319] Q sort = sort(Q i,i+n >0,′descend′).

[0320] Through this embodiment, the cumulative heat exchange value of each heat exchange path can be calculated, and the heat exchange paths with cumulative heat exchange values ​​greater than 0 can be screened out, and the screened heat exchange paths can be sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange values, thereby intuitively reflecting the importance of the heat exchange paths and facilitating the design of the overall heat exchange path.

[0321] S1000: Determine the energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path according to the number of heat exchange paths in the selected cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence and the total number of heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence, wherein the simplicity is used to indicate the complexity of the total heat exchange path.

[0322] This embodiment can evaluate the energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path, thereby facilitating the design of the total heat exchange path based on the energy efficiency and simplicity.

[0323] In some embodiments, the step of determining the energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path according to the number of heat exchange paths in the selected cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence and the total number of heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence includes:

[0324] The heat transfer path retention ratio Per is calculated by the following formula path :

[0325]

[0326] Among them, N all (Q sort ) represents the total number of heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence, N n (Q sort ) represents the number of heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence selected in the total heat exchange path;

[0327] The energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path are determined by the heat exchange path retention ratio, wherein the heat exchange path retention ratio is positively correlated with the energy efficiency, and the heat exchange path retention ratio is negatively correlated with the simplicity.

[0328] This embodiment calculates the heat exchange path retention ratio to evaluate the energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path, thereby facilitating the design of the total heat exchange path based on energy efficiency and simplicity.

[0329] As some examples, Table 4 exemplarily illustrates the energy efficiency and simplicity under different heat exchange path retention ratios.

[0330]

[0331]

[0332] Table 4

[0333] Furthermore, N M (Q sort ) is the number of the first n heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence selected in the total heat exchange path, which can replace the heat path retention ratio to be more in line with the actual design, so as to more accurately evaluate energy efficiency and simplicity.

[0334] The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence of the embodiment of the present invention can guide the design of high-efficiency and high-integration heat exchange paths to ensure efficient utilization or release of heat under various working conditions.

[0335] It should be understood that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific example embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "an" and "said" as used herein may also be meant to include plural forms. The terms "include", "comprise", "contain", and "have" are inclusive, and therefore specify the existence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not interpreted as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the specific order described or illustrated, unless the execution order is clearly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.

[0336] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used in the text to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can only be used to distinguish an element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Unless the context clearly indicates, terms such as "first", "second" and other numerical terms do not imply order or sequence when used in the text. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teaching of the example embodiments.

[0337] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure, such as "inside", "outside", "inner side", "outer side", "below", "below", "above", "above", etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure is turned over, then the elements described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features". Therefore, the example term "below..." can include both upper and lower orientations. The device can be oriented otherwise (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text are interpreted accordingly.

[0338] It should be understood that, although the various steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments are displayed in sequence according to the indication of the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in sequence according to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear explanation in this article, the execution of these steps does not have a strict order restriction, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least a part of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-mentioned embodiments can include multiple steps or multiple stages, and these steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and the execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily carried out in sequence, but can be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a part of the steps or stages in other steps.

[0339] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence, characterized in that: include: The components in the vehicle that have the ability to generate heat and exchange heat are divided into first-category components, second-category components and third-category components, wherein the first-category components include components that can change the vehicle's motion state and have heat exchange requirements, the second-category components include the main heat-generating components in the passenger compartment and components with heat exchange requirements in the passenger compartment, and the third-category components include components that can generate heat exchange and components that can convert electrical energy into thermal energy; Evaluate and assign points to each of the first-category components and each of the second-category components according to thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility, and mandatory requirements, and select the first-category components and the second-category components with points greater than a preset value as thermal management components; Determine a temperature test range of each of the thermal management components, and equally divide the temperature test range of each of the thermal management components to obtain a plurality of temperature intervals; Calculating the energy efficiency ratio of each of the thermal management components in the multiple temperature ranges, and taking the temperature range with the highest energy efficiency ratio as the optimal working range of the thermal management component; Extracting loading information, and loading the scene condition according to the loading information, wherein the loading information includes the ambient temperature and the speed curve, and in the loading information, before the vehicle starts the journey, the temperature of the vehicle components is consistent and the same as the external environment; Calculating a characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components according to the scene working condition, and sorting the characteristic temperatures of all the thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperatures; Determining the state of each of the thermal management components according to the characteristic temperature and the working range of each of the thermal management components and calculating the heat exchange required power of each of the thermal management components; Determine a heat exchange path, wherein the heat exchange path includes a path between the thermal management components, a path between the thermal management component and the third-type component, and a path between the thermal management component and the environment, determine all transient optimal heat exchange paths according to the heat exchange required power of each thermal management component and the ranking position of the characteristic temperature, and determine the heat exchange power of each thermal management component based on the state, ranking position and heat exchange required power of each thermal management component in each heat exchange path; According to the heat exchange power of all the thermal management components in each heat exchange path, the cumulative heat exchange amount of each heat exchange path is calculated, the heat exchange paths whose cumulative heat exchange amount is greater than 0 are screened out, and the screened heat exchange paths are sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence; The energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path are determined based on the number of the selected heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence and the total number of the heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence.

2. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of evaluating and scoring each of the first-category components and each of the second-category components according to thermal sensitivity, heat flux density, thermal safety, feasibility, and mandatory requirements, and selecting the first-category components and the second-category components with scores greater than a preset value as thermal management components includes: Evaluate the thermal sensitivity of each first-category component and each second-category component according to the degree of influence of temperature on life and functionality, wherein the thermal sensitivity scores include: a score of 1 for a degree of influence less than 5%, a score of 2 for a degree of influence greater than or equal to 5% and less than 20%, and a score of 3 for a degree of influence greater than or equal to 20%; The heat flux density of each first-category component and each second-category component is evaluated according to the maximum heat flow rate during operation, wherein the heat flux density score includes: the maximum heat flow rate is less than 1 kW / m 2 The score is 1, the maximum heat flow rate is greater than or equal to 1kW / m 2 And less than or equal to 5kW / m 2 Rating 2, the maximum heat flow rate is greater than 5kW / m 2 Rating: 3; Evaluate the thermal safety of each first-category component and each second-category component according to the impact of exceeding the rated temperature range on the safety of the entire vehicle, wherein the thermal safety score includes: a score of 1 if the vehicle can continue to drive until the battery is exhausted after exceeding the rated temperature range, a score of 2 if the vehicle can drive for a short time after exceeding the rated temperature range, and a score of 3 if the vehicle cannot drive after exceeding the rated temperature range; The feasibility of each first-category component and each second-category component is evaluated according to the complexity of heat utilization and the heat exchange power, wherein the score of the complexity includes: difficult to implement with a score of 1, difficult with a score of 2, and easy to implement with a score of 3, and the score of the heat exchange power includes: the heat exchange power is less than 20W with a score of 1, the heat exchange power is greater than or equal to 20W and less than 100W with a score of 2, and the heat exchange power is greater than or equal to 100W with a score of 3, and the score of the feasibility is the average of the score of the complexity and the score of the heat exchange power; Evaluate the prescribed implementability of each first-category component and each second-category component according to national standards or industry standards, wherein the score of prescribed implementability includes: a score of 2 for no clearly specified temperature range and a score of 3 for a clearly specified temperature range; Taking thermal sensitivity, heat flux, thermal safety, feasibility and mandatory requirements as evaluation indicators, the weighted one-way score J of each first-category component and each second-category component is calculated by the following formula: i : Among them, S i (i=1,2,3,4,5) is the score of the i-th evaluation indicator; The weighted overall score J of each first-category component and each second-category component is calculated by the following formula: a : Among them, S i (i=1,2,3,4,5) is the score of the i-th evaluation indicator; The final score J of each of the first category components and each of the second category components is calculated by the following formula: The preset value is 0, and the first category components and the second category components with scores greater than 0 are screened as the thermal management components.

3. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the temperature test range of each thermal management component and equally dividing the temperature test range of each thermal management component to obtain a plurality of temperature intervals includes: Obtain the vehicle immersion temperature range T based on the vehicle energy configuration and national standards GB ; Get the rated test temperature range T of each thermal management component st ; The temperature test range T of each thermal management component is calculated by the following formula test : T test =T GB ∪T st The temperature test range of each thermal management component is divided into 10 equal parts according to the following formula to obtain 10 temperature intervals: Among them, T test,i (k) is the range of the kth temperature interval of component i, T test,min Indicates the minimum value of the temperature test range, T test,max Indicates the maximum value of the temperature test range.

4. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step of calculating the energy efficiency ratio of each of the thermal management components in the multiple temperature ranges and taking the temperature range with the highest energy efficiency ratio as the optimal working range of the thermal management component includes: selecting a characteristic portion of each of the thermal management components; Cooling the temperature of the characteristic portion of each of the thermal management components to a minimum value of the temperature test range; Testing each of the thermal management components, and recording the temperature of the characteristic portion, the discrete instantaneous input power in each of the temperature intervals, the discrete instantaneous output power in each of the temperature intervals, and the time parameters; When the temperature of the characteristic part reaches the maximum value of the temperature test range, or when the temperature of the characteristic part is stable, the test is terminated. The energy efficiency index of each thermal management component in each temperature range is calculated according to the following formula: Among them, Eff(T test,i (k)) represents the comprehensive energy efficiency in the temperature range of group k, E i,out (T test,i (k)) represents the output energy in the temperature range of the kth group, E i,in (T test,i (k)) represents the input energy of the kth temperature interval, represents the discrete instantaneous output power in the kth temperature range and time t, represents the discrete instantaneous input power under the kth temperature interval and time t, and Δt represents the discrete time interval; The temperature range T with the highest energy efficiency ratio is obtained by the following formula test * : The temperature range T of each thermal management component with the highest energy efficiency ratio test * As the optimal working range of the thermal management component.

5. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of extracting the loading information and loading the scene condition according to the loading information, wherein the loading information includes the ambient temperature and the speed curve, and the temperature of the vehicle components in the loading information is consistent and the same as the external environment before the vehicle starts the journey, comprises: Based on the energy configuration of the vehicle, obtaining the test conditions in the national standard, and loading the test conditions as the scenario conditions; and / or, Based on the historical information of cloud traffic flow, a plurality of scenario operating condition curves are generated, and the scenario operating condition curves are loaded as the scenario operating conditions; and / or, Based on the user's vehicle usage history information, complete driving segments of the vehicle are screened, and the driving segments are loaded as the scenario conditions.

6. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of calculating the characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components according to the scene working condition, and sorting all the thermal management components in descending order according to the characteristic temperature includes: Dividing all the thermal management components into a plurality of first components and a plurality of second components, wherein the first components include components that can change the vehicle motion state and have heat exchange requirements, and the second components include main heat-generating components in the passenger compartment and components in the passenger compartment that have heat exchange requirements; The vehicle acceleration a under the discrete operating curve is calculated according to the following formula: k : Among them, v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point, v k-1 represents the velocity at the k-1th discrete point, Δt represents the discrete time interval; Calculate the required power P of each wheel end according to the following formula w : Where m represents the vehicle mass, C r represents the rolling resistance coefficient, g represents the acceleration due to gravity, and v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point, a k represents the acceleration at the kth discrete point, θ represents the slope angle, C d represents the drag coefficient, A represents the area of ​​contact between the vehicle and the fluid, ρ represents the vehicle density, and δ represents the rotational mass conversion factor; The output power P of each of the first components is calculated according to the following formula i,out : Among them, Te i,out represents the output torque required by the first component, n i represents the output speed of the first component, P w is the wheel end power requirement, η i-w (T i ) is at temperature T i The product of the efficiency of each of the first components when the energy is transferred from the first component to the wheel end, i i-w represents the product of the speed ratios of the speed regulating components when each of the first components is transferred to the wheel end, d w represents the diameter of the wheel, π represents the circumference of the circle, and v k represents the velocity at the kth discrete point; The input power P of each of the first components is calculated according to the following formula: i,in : Among them, η i (n i ,Te i ,T i ) indicates that the component rotates at a speed of n i , torque is Te i , component characteristic temperature T i Efficiency under The characteristic temperature of each of the first components is calculated according to the following formula: Among them, T i,k,1 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the first components at the kth discrete point, T i,k-1,1 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the first components at the k-1th discrete point, represents the heat generation power of each of the first components at the kth discrete point, represents the actual heat transfer power of each of the first components at the kth discrete point, Δt represents the discrete time interval, m 1i represents the mass of the first component, C 1i represents the specific heat capacity of the first component, η i (n i ,Te i ,T i ) indicates that the component rotates at a speed of n i , torque is Te i , component characteristic temperature T i Efficiency under According to the cabin state and based on the design index, obtaining the heat generation power and heat exchange power of the second component; The characteristic temperature of each of the second components is calculated according to the following formula: Among them, T o,k,2 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the second components at the kth discrete point, T o,k-1,2 represents the characteristic temperature of each of the second components at the k-1th discrete point, represents the heat generation power of each of the second components at the kth discrete point, represents the actual heat transfer power of each of the second components at the kth discrete point, m 2i represents the mass of the second component, C 2i represents the specific heat capacity of the second component, and Δt represents a discrete time interval; According to the characteristic temperatures of all the first components and the characteristic temperatures of all the second components, a temperature sequence T of the thermal management component is formed. k : T k =[T 1,k T 2,k T 3,k T 4,k …T i,k ] The temperature sequence is sorted in descending order by the following formula to form a descending temperature sequence T sort : T sort =sort(T k ,′descend′)。 7. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of judging the state of each thermal management component and calculating the heat exchange demand power of each thermal management component according to the characteristic temperature and the working range of each thermal management component comprises: comparing the characteristic temperature of each of the thermal management components with the optimal operating range; According to the characteristic temperature being within the optimal working range, it is judged that the thermal management component is in a balanced state and can absorb and release heat, and the heat exchange demand power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula: in, represents the heat exchange power requirement of the thermal management component, T test,max * is the upper limit of the optimal working range, T test,min * is the lower limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat dissipation power allowed by the thermal management component, is the maximum heat absorption power allowed by the thermal management component, m i represents the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents a discrete time interval, T i,k Indicates a characteristic temperature of the thermal management component; According to the characteristic temperature being greater than the upper limit of the optimal working range, it is determined that the thermal management component has a heat release requirement, and the heat release requirement power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula: in, represents the heat exchange power requirement of the thermal management component, T test,max * is the upper limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat dissipation power allowed by the thermal management component, m i represents the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents a discrete time interval, T i,k Indicates a characteristic temperature of the thermal management component; According to the characteristic temperature being less than the lower limit of the optimal working range, it is determined that the thermal management component has a heat absorption requirement, and the heat release requirement power of the thermal management component is calculated by the following formula: in, represents the heat exchange power requirement of the thermal management component, T test,min * is the lower limit of the optimal working range, is the maximum heat absorption power allowed by the thermal management component, m i represents the mass of the thermal management component, C i represents the specific heat capacity of the thermal management component, Δt represents a discrete time interval, T i,k represents the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component.

8. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 7, characterized in that: The determining of the heat exchange paths, wherein the heat exchange paths include paths between the thermal management components, paths between the thermal management components and the third-type components, and paths between the thermal management components and the environment, determining all transient optimal heat exchange paths according to the heat exchange required power of each of the thermal management components and the sorting position of the characteristic temperature, and determining the heat exchange power of each of the thermal management components based on the state, sorting position, and heat exchange required power of each of the thermal management components in each of the heat exchange paths, comprises: Obtaining a position of each of the thermal management components in the descending temperature sequence; determining a state of the thermal management component; When the thermal management component has a heat release requirement, determining whether there is a subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence; When there is a subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component, the thermal management component releases heat to the subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement; Determining whether the heat release requirement of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release requirement power of the thermal management component and the heat absorption requirement power of a subsequent thermal management component with heat absorption requirement; When the heat release requirement of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement after the thermal management component, determining the magnitude of the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component and the ambient temperature; When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is greater than the ambient temperature, the thermal management component releases heat to the environment; When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is lower than the ambient temperature, determining whether there is a subsequent thermal management component in an equilibrium state after the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence; When there is a subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state after the thermal management component, the thermal management component releases heat to the subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state; Determining whether the heat release demand of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release demand power of the thermal management component and the heat exchange demand power of the subsequent thermal management component in a balanced state; When the heat release demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or when there is no subsequent thermal management component in an equilibrium state after the thermal management component, cooling the thermal management component by means of the third type of component; When the thermal management component has a heat absorption requirement, determining whether there is a preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence; When there is a preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement; Determining whether the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release demand power of the thermal management component and the heat absorption demand power of the preceding thermal management component; When the heat absorption requirement of the thermal management component cannot be met, or there is no preceding thermal management component with a heat release requirement before the thermal management component, determining the magnitude of the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component and the ambient temperature; When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is lower than the ambient temperature, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the environment; When the characteristic temperature of the thermal management component is greater than the ambient temperature, determining whether there is a preceding thermal management component in an equilibrium state before the thermal management component in the descending temperature sequence; When there is a preceding thermal management component in a balanced state before the thermal management component, the thermal management component absorbs heat from the preceding thermal management component in a balanced state; Determining whether the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component can be met according to the heat release demand power of the thermal management component and the heat exchange demand power of the preceding thermal management component; When the heat absorption demand of the thermal management component cannot be met, or there is no preceding thermal management component in a balanced state before the thermal management component, heating the thermal management component by the third type component; Acquire a heat release path of the thermal management component with a heat release requirement, a heat absorption path of the thermal management component with a heat absorption requirement, and a heat exchange path of the thermal management component in a balanced state, and determine the transient optimal heat exchange path; The heat release power of the heat management component with a heat release requirement, the heat absorption power of the heat management component with a heat absorption requirement, and the heat exchange power of the heat management component in a balanced state are obtained.

9. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of calculating the cumulative heat exchange amount of each heat exchange path according to the heat exchange power of all the thermal management components in each heat exchange path, screening out the heat exchange paths whose cumulative heat exchange amount is greater than 0, and sorting the screened heat exchange paths in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount to form a cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence includes: The cumulative heat transfer Q of each heat exchange path is calculated according to the following formula: i,i+n : represents the absolute value of the heat exchange power of all the thermal management components of each heat exchange path at time k, and Δt represents a discrete time interval; The heat exchange paths with the cumulative heat exchange amount greater than 0 are screened out according to the following formula, and the screened heat exchange paths are sorted in descending order according to the cumulative heat exchange amount, so as to obtain a descending cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence Q sort : Q sort =sort(Q i,i+n >0,′descend′)。 10. The vehicle thermal management heat exchange path design method based on temperature sequence according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step of determining the energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path according to the number of the heat exchange paths in the selected cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence and the total number of the heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence comprises: The heat transfer path retention ratio Per is calculated by the following formula path : Among them, N dll (Q sort ) represents the number of all heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence, N n (Q sort ) represents the number of heat exchange paths in the cumulative contribution heat exchange path sequence selected in the total heat exchange path; The energy efficiency and simplicity of the total heat exchange path are determined by the heat exchange path retention ratio, wherein the heat exchange path retention ratio is positively correlated with the energy efficiency, and the heat exchange path retention ratio is negatively correlated with the simplicity.

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