A millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on metasurface

Abstract

The present invention discloses a millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface. The phased array antenna is composed of an active wide-angle scanning antenna and a passive high-gain reflective antenna integrated into one body. The antenna mainly includes a radiating laminated metasurface, an isolation wall, a metal floor with etched slots, a cavity resonance suppression wall, an active radiation feed network layer, and a passive reflection phase control network layer. The radiating laminated metasurface is located on the top layer, the active radiation feed network is located on the next layer, and the passive reflection phase control network layer is located on the bottom layer. A metal floor is provided between the radiating laminated metasurface layer and the feed network layer. The etched slots on the metal floor are used to excite the metasurface antenna to generate polarized radiation characteristics. The polarizations of the active radiation and passive reflection parts are orthogonal, thereby ensuring polarization isolation. The present invention realizes an innovative design of an active and passive integrated antenna. Compared with traditional antennas, under the same caliber, it not only maintains the passive high-gain reflection performance but also realizes the active wide-angle scanning capability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of millimeter wave phased array antennas, and in particular relates to a millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface. Background Art

[0002] As future 6G systems develop towards intelligent systems, base station coverage and system spectrum utilization will be significantly improved. This will necessitate the emergence of multi-standard, wide-coverage micro-base stations and intelligent metasurfaces (RIS) for collaborative communications. Integrating the active, wide-angle scanning coverage provided by satellite communication ground stations with the passive reflection capabilities of RIS will enable dynamic control and real-time optimization of the communication environment, effectively increasing system capacity (Serup, Daniel Edelgaard, Gert Frølund Pedersen, and Shuai Zhang. "Dual-band shared aperture reflectarray and patch antenna array for S- and Ka-bands." [J] IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 70.3(2021): 2340-2345.). However, traditional antennas are generally limited to active radiation or reception, while electromagnetic surfaces are limited to passive reflection, making it impossible to simultaneously achieve flexible beamforming and high-gain radiation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention addresses the aforementioned shortcomings by providing a metasurface-based integrated millimeter-wave active and passive phased array antenna. This invention not only boasts wide bandwidth, compact size, and a simple structure, but also ensures that the millimeter-wave array achieves wide-angle scanning and high gain.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface, comprising a millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna arranged on a substrate, the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna comprising a plurality of stacked metasurface units, a metal isolation wall, a metal floor etched with a cross-shaped I-shaped gap, a one-to-many active radiation feeding network, a metal floor etched with an I-shaped gap, a passive reflection phase control network, a cavity resonance suppression wall, a phase delay line and a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer, the stacked metasurface unit is located on the first layer, there are a plurality of stacked metasurface units, each stacked metasurface unit is surrounded by a metal isolation wall, the second layer below the stacked metasurface unit is a metal floor etched with a cross-shaped I-shaped gap, the third layer is a one-to-many active radiation feeding network, the one-to-many active radiation feeding network simultaneously connects a plurality of stacked metasurface units along the y-axis direction in series to stimulate active radiation to scan along the xoz plane; the fourth layer is a metal floor etched with an I-shaped gap, the gaps of the metal floor etched with the I-shaped gap have a polarization corresponding to the passive radiation. The polarization direction of the radiation along the yoz plane is consistent. The fifth layer is a passive reflection phase control network, which is connected to the phase delay line. The sixth layer is a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer, which is connected to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network. The cavity resonance suppression wall is a grounded metal column that runs through the dielectric from the second to the sixth layer. The second, third and sixth layers constitute an active radiation whole. The feeding energy is fed into the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer on the sixth layer and transferred to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network on the third layer. The metal floor with a cross-shaped gap etched on it excites the stacked metasurface unit to generate radiation polarized along the xoz plane. The second, fourth and fifth layers constitute a passive reflection whole. The stacked metasurface unit receives the spherical wave energy polarized along the yoz plane, which passes through the metal floors of the second and fourth layers and reaches the passive reflection phase control network of the fifth layer. By changing the length of the phase delay line, the phase of the reflection of each unit is controlled so that the incident spherical wave is compensated for the outgoing plane wave energy with the same phase.

[0006] To optimize the above technical solutions, specific measures taken also include:

[0007] The above-mentioned millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna is a 20×20 antenna array. The active radiation has an overall scanning width angle greater than ±60° within the millimeter-wave frequency band working range. The passive reflection has an overall passive reflection 3dB gain bandwidth covering the same frequency band of active radiation, and the gain is greater than 24.89dBi. The one-to-many active radiation feeding network is a one-to-four active radiation feeding network. Correspondingly, the one-to-four active radiation feeding network simultaneously connects four stacked metasurface units in series along the y-axis direction.

[0008] The above-mentioned stacked metasurface unit includes multiple layers of metasurfaces, which are stacked symmetrically along the center.

[0009] The shape of the above-mentioned stacked metasurface unit is square, square ring, rectangle or rectangular with cut corners.

[0010] The metal isolation wall surrounds the laminated super-surface unit in a square, polygonal or circular shape.

[0011] The metal floor with etched cross-shaped slots is provided with a plurality of cross-shaped slots, each of which is formed by orthogonally overlapping two I-shaped slots. The metal floor with etched I-shaped slots is provided with a plurality of I-shaped slots, and the middle section of the I-shaped slot is in the shape of a straight line or a gradient double cone.

[0012] The feeding form adopted by the above-mentioned one-to-many active radiation feeding network is a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

[0013] The phase delay line mentioned above adopts a stripline, microstrip line, substrate integrated waveguide or coplanar waveguide with variable length or shape.

[0014] The grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer adopts a feeding form of a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

[0015] The above-mentioned substrate adopts a PCB dielectric substrate or a low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) The present invention achieves high miniaturization of phased array antennas through stacked metasurface units and capacitive loading technology, significantly reducing the array spacing, making it suitable for application scenarios with strict space requirements and facilitating dense deployment.

[0018] (2) The phased array antenna of the present invention has wide-angle scanning performance, and the active radiation part supports beam scanning in a large angle range, which can cover a wider spatial area and is suitable for communication and radar systems that require wide signal coverage.

[0019] (3) The phased array antenna of the present invention has high gain and high efficiency performance. The passive reflection part has high gain characteristics, which can significantly improve the signal transmission distance and quality. At the same time, the aperture efficiency is high, ensuring more efficient energy utilization.

[0020] (4) The present invention has dual-polarization capability. The symmetrical design of the stacked metasurface unit enables it to support dual-polarization radiation, which can flexibly respond to signals with different polarization directions and enhance the environmental adaptability of the antenna.

[0021] (5) The active radiation and passive reflection of the present invention operate in the same frequency band, with a wide bandwidth coverage range, which can meet the needs of multi-band communication and is suitable for complex spectrum environments.

[0022] (6) The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process, and has a low cost, and thus can be mass-produced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 1 is a schematic diagram of the split structure of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked metasurface unit;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal floor with a cross-shaped gap etched on it;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a one-to-many active radiation feeding network;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal floor with I-shaped gaps etched in it;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the passive reflection phase control network;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer;

[0031] Figure 9 1. It is a side view of the structure position of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of the laminated metasurface unit;

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of a metal floor with a cross-shaped gap etched on it;

[0034] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure and size of a one-to-many active radiation feeding network;

[0036] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of a metal floor with I-shaped gaps etched in it;

[0037] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the feeder structure dimensions in the passive reflection phase control network;

[0038] Figure 16is the phase delay line arrangement diagram;

[0039] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 A magnified view of the structure of part A;

[0040] Figure 18 2 is a schematic diagram of the working configuration of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 19 is a diagram of the reflection phase compensation range of the passive reflection unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 20 is a diagram of the active radiation capability of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 21 is a diagram of the passive reflection capability of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] The symbols in the accompanying drawings mean: millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1, laminated metasurface unit 2, metal isolation wall 3, metal floor with etched cross-shaped gaps 4, one-to-many active radiation feeding network 5, metal floor with etched I-shaped gaps 6, passive reflection phase control network 7, cavity resonance suppression wall 8, phase delay line 9, and grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the present application is described and illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application. Based on the embodiments provided in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] Obviously, the drawings described below are merely examples or embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, apply the present application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings. Furthermore, it is also understood that, although the effort involved in such a development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, changes in design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as an insufficiency of the content disclosed in this application.

[0047] References to "embodiments" in this application mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to independent or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments unless there is a conflict.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by a person of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The words "a", "an", "a", "the" and the like used in this application do not indicate a limit on quantity and may indicate the singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units that are not listed, or may also include other steps or units that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The words "connect", "connected", "coupled" and the like used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The words "multiple" / "several" used in this application refer to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, or B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. involved in this application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order for the objects.

[0049] In this embodiment, the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 includes a laminated metasurface unit 2, a metal isolation wall 3, a metal floor 4 with etched cross-shaped slots, a one-to-four active radiation feeding network, a metal floor 6 with etched I-shaped slots, a passive reflection phase control network 7, a cavity resonance suppression wall 8, a phase delay line 9 and a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10.

[0050] In this embodiment, Figure 1-8As shown, the stacked metasurface unit 2 is located in the first layer, and each unit is surrounded by a metal isolation wall 3. The second layer below the unit is a metal floor 4 with a cross-shaped slot etched therein; the third layer is a one-to-four active radiation feeding network, which stimulates active radiation to scan along the xoz plane; the fourth layer is a metal floor 6 with an I-shaped slot etched therein, and the polarization corresponding to the slot etching is consistent with the polarization direction of the passive radiation along the yoz plane; the fifth layer is a passive reflection phase control network 7, which controls the reflection phase by changing the length of the phase delay line 9; the sixth layer is a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10, which is connected to the one-to-four active radiation feeding network; the cavity resonance suppression wall 8 is a grounded metal column that runs through the medium from the second layer to the sixth layer, and the cavity resonance suppression wall 8 is used to suppress cavity resonance.

[0051] In this embodiment, the radiator of the laminated metasurface unit 2 is constructed using a laminated metasurface. Capacitive loading beneath the layers allows for miniaturization of the antenna, resulting in an array spacing of only 0.42λ. This facilitates compact antenna array arrangement and enables wide-angle scanning performance under active radiation. Furthermore, because the laminated metasurface unit 2 is symmetrical about its center, it also possesses dual-polarization radiation capability.

[0052] The overall active radiator feed section primarily comprises the second, third, and sixth layers. An active radiator subarray consists of four stacked metasurface units 2 connected in series along the y-axis via a one-to-four active radiator feed network. Feed energy is fed from the sixth-layer RF connector into the grounded coplanar waveguide feed layer 10, where it is transferred to the third-layer one-to-four active radiator feed network. This energy, passing through the metal floor 4 etched with cross-shaped slots, excites the stacked metasurface units 2 to produce radiation polarized along the xoz plane, thereby achieving both active radiation and wide-angle scanning performance.

[0053] The overall phase control part of the passive reflection mainly includes the second, fourth and fifth layer structures. The stacked metasurface unit 2 receives the spherical wave energy polarized along the yoz plane, passes through the metal floors of the second and fourth layers, and reaches the passive reflection phase control network 7 of the fifth layer. By changing the length of the phase delay line 9, the phase of the reflection of each unit is controlled, so that the incident spherical wave is compensated for the in-phase plane wave energy output, thereby improving the directional gain of the passive reflection.

[0054] In this embodiment, the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 is processed using PCB technology, and the dielectric substrate is Rogers 3006. The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is ε r is [1, 10.2], the thickness is [0.01λ, 0.3λ], and the thickness of the metal floor is [0.005λ, 0.1λ], where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0055] The layered side view of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 is shown in FIG. Figure 9 As shown. The thickness of the first layerH 1 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the second layer H 2 is [0.01λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the third layer H 3 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the fourth layer H 4 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the fifth layer H 5 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], the thickness of the sixth layer H 6 is [0.02λ, 0.15λ], where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0056] The parameters of each part of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 are as follows Figure 10-17 As shown. The width of the upper metasurface of the laminated metasurface unit 2 MS 1 is [0.01λ, 0.15λ], the metasurface gap Mg 1 is [0.005λ, 0.01λ], the width of the lower hypersurface MS 2 is [0.02λ, 0.3λ], the metasurface gap Mg 2 is [0.005λ, 0.01λ]; the diameter of the metal column of the metal isolation wall 3 Mr is [0.01λ, 0.15λ], the spacing between metal pillars Rd = [0.02λ, 0.25λ]; the length of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 4 etched with the cross I-shaped gap La 1 is [0.1λ, 0.8λ], Lb 1 is [0.1λ, 0.8λ], width Ls 1 is [0.001λ,0.25λ], Ls 2 is [0.001λ, 0.25λ]; the width of the feed line in the one-to-four active radiating feed network FL 1 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], FL 2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], FL 3 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], FL 4 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the length of the feed line Fd 1 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], Fd 2 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], Fd 3 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], Fd 4 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], Fd 5 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 1 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]; the radius of the transition metal circle of the grounded coplanar waveguide feed layer 10 R2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the width of the feed line GL 3 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the length of the feed line Gd 1 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], Gd 2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]; the size of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 6 with the I-shaped gap is consistent with that in the metal floor 4 with the cross-shaped gap, and the floor width GL 1 is [0.3λ, 0.6λ], GL 2 is [0.001λ, 0.25λ], the floor length GW 1 is [0.3λ, 0.6λ], GW 2 is [0.3λ, 0.6λ]; the feeder width in the passive reflection phase control network 7 RL 1 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], feeder length Rd 1 is [0.01λ, 0.5λ], the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 3 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]; the radius of the metal circle of the phase delay line 9 R 4 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ], the feed line takes the unit center as the center, and the arc length is φ is [0°, 360°], feeder width RL 2 is [0.001λ, 0.2λ]. This phase delay line 9 is one of the elements in the 20×20 array. The phase delay lines 9 of the remaining elements have different arc lengths to adjust the reflection phase compensation. In this embodiment, 12×6 elements in the 20×20 array achieve active radiation through a one-to-four active radiation feed network. P1-P6 represent the one-to-four active radiation feed network in rows 1 to 6.

[0057] In this embodiment, the specific dimensions of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 are as follows:

[0058] The layered side view of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 is shown in FIG. Figure 9 As shown. The thickness of the first layer H 1 is 0.133mm, the thickness of the second layer H 2 is 0.127mm, the thickness of the third layer H 3 is 0.227mm, the thickness of the fourth layer H 4 is 0.345mm, the thickness of the fifth layer H 5 is 0.227mm, the thickness of the sixth layer H 6 is 0.227 mm, where λ is the free space wavelength.

[0059] The parameters of each part of the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1 are as follows Figure 10-17As shown. The width of the upper metasurface of the laminated metasurface unit 2 MS 1 is 0.32mm, super surface gap Mg 1 is 0.12mm, the lower super surface width MS 2 is 0.82mm, super surface gap Mg 2 is 0.12mm; the diameter of the metal column of the metal isolation wall 3 Mr The spacing between metal pillars is 0.2mm Rd 0.45mm; the length of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 4 etched cross-shaped gap La 1 is 0.55mm, Lb 1 is 0.85mm, width Ls 1 is 0.5mm, Ls 2 is 0.12mm; the width of the feed line in the one-to-four active radiation feed network FL 1 is 0.1mm, FL 2 is 0.23mm, FL 3 is 0.4mm, FL 4 is 0.6mm, the length of the feed line Fd 1 is 1.1mm, Fd 2 is 4.5mm, Fd 3 is 1.8mm, Fd 4 is 1.4mm, Fd 5 is 2.03mm, the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 1 is 0.23mm; the radius of the transition metal circle of the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer 10 R 2 is 0.35mm, the width of the feeder GL 3 is 0.45mm, the length of the feed line Gd 1 is 2.25mm, Gd 2 is 1.75mm; the size of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 6 is consistent with the size of the I-shaped gap in the metal floor 4 etched cross, the floor width GL 1 is 2.8mm, GL 2 is 0.7mm, floor length GW 1 is 1.5mm, GW 2 is 2.1mm; the feeder width in the passive reflection phase control network 7 RL 1 is 0.6mm, feeder length Rd 1 is 1.8mm, the radius of the feeder transition metal circle R 3 is 0.23mm; the radius of the metal circle of the phase delay line 9 transition R 4 is 0.23mm, the feed line takes the unit center as the center, and the arc length φ is 135°, feeder width RL2 is 0.23 mm. The phase delay line 9 is one of the 20×20 array units, and the phase delay lines 9 of the remaining units have different arc lengths for adjusting the reflection phase compensation.

[0060] like Figure 18 The figure shows the working diagram of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1. The antenna realizes active wide-angle scanning radiation along the xoz plane, receives the energy incident from the horn antenna at +30° along the yoz plane, and emits it with high gain in the -30° direction.

[0061] like Figure 19 The figure shows the compensation phase of the passive reflection unit, which is obtained by changing the arc length of the phase delay line 9. φ , the reflection phase can be flexibly adjusted from 0° to 360°.

[0062] Figure 20 The figure shows the active radiation performance of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1. The antenna can achieve a scanning performance greater than ±60° along the xoz plane within the band, and the gain drop is less than 3dB. The gain of the antenna within the band is greater than 15.3dBi. Figure 21 The figure shows the passive radiation performance of the millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna 1. The maximum in-band gain is greater than 24.89dBi, the aperture efficiency is 44.5%, and the in-band aperture efficiency is greater than 21.1%.

[0063] The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna based on a metasurface, characterized in that: The invention comprises a millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna (1) arranged on a substrate, wherein the millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna (1) comprises a plurality of stacked metasurface units (2), a metal isolation wall (3), a metal floor with a cross-shaped I-shaped slot (4), a one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5), a metal floor with an I-shaped slot (6), a passive reflection phase control network (7), a cavity resonance suppression wall (8), a phase delay line (9) and a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10), wherein the stacked metasurface unit (2) is located on the first layer, there are a plurality of stacked metasurface units (2), each stacked metasurface unit (2) is surrounded by a metal isolation wall (3), the second layer below the stacked metasurface unit (2) is a metal floor with a cross-shaped I-shaped slot (4), and the third layer is a one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5), wherein the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) simultaneously connects a plurality of stacked metasurface units (2) in series along the y-axis direction to stimulate active radiation to scan along the xoz plane; The fourth layer is a metal floor (6) with an I-shaped slot etched therein. The polarization corresponding to the slot of the metal floor (6) with an I-shaped slot etched therein is consistent with the polarization direction of the passive radiation along the yoz plane. The fifth layer is a passive reflection phase control network (7). The passive reflection phase control network (7) is connected to the phase delay line (9). The sixth layer is a grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10). The grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10) is connected to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5). The cavity resonance suppression wall (8) is a grounded metal column that runs through the dielectrics from the second layer to the sixth layer; The second, third and sixth layers of the structure constitute an active radiation whole. The feeding energy is fed into the grounded coplanar waveguide feeding layer (10) of the sixth layer and transferred to the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) of the third layer. The metal floor (4) with etched cross-shaped gaps excites the stacked metasurface unit (2) to generate radiation polarized along the xoz plane. The second, fourth and fifth layers of the structure constitute a passive reflection whole. The stacked metasurface unit (2) receives the spherical wave energy polarized along the yoz plane and reaches the passive reflection phase control network (7) of the fifth layer through the metal floors of the second and fourth layers. The phase of each unit reflection is controlled by changing the length of the phase delay line (9), so that the incident spherical wave is compensated by the outgoing plane wave energy of the same phase.

2. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The millimeter wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna (1) is a 20×20 antenna array, the active radiation overall scanning width angle is greater than ±60° within the millimeter wave frequency band working range, the passive reflection overall passive reflection 3dB gain bandwidth covers the same frequency band as the active radiation, and the gain is greater than 24.89dBi, the one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) is a one-to-four active radiation feeding network, and accordingly, the one-to-four active radiation feeding network simultaneously connects four stacked metasurface units (2) in series along the y-axis direction.

3. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stacked metasurface unit (2) comprises multiple layers of metasurfaces, which are stacked symmetrically along the center.

4. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the stacked super surface unit (2) is a square, a square ring or a rectangular cut corner.

5. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal isolation wall (3) surrounds the laminated super surface unit (2) in a polygonal or circular shape.

6. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal floor (4) with etched cross-shaped slots is provided with a plurality of cross-shaped slots, each cross-shaped slot being formed by orthogonally overlapping two I-shaped slots. The metal floor (6) with etched I-shaped slots is provided with a plurality of I-shaped slots, and the middle section of the I-shaped slots is in the shape of a straight line or a gradient double cone.

7. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-to-many active radiation feeding network (5) adopts a feeding form of a stripline feeding network, a microstrip line feeding network, a substrate integrated waveguide feeding network or a coplanar waveguide feeding network.

8. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase delay line (9) adopts a strip line, a microstrip line, a substrate integrated waveguide or a coplanar waveguide with variable length or shape.

9. The metasurface-based millimeter-wave active and passive integrated phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate is a PCB dielectric substrate or a low-temperature co-fired ceramic substrate.

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