Water level automatic control system for water-light complementary power generation

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic water level control system for water-light complementary power generation. The automatic water level control system comprises a control strategy module, an execution mechanism module and a communication module. The control strategy module comprises a vibration area crossing strategy unit, an active power distribution strategy unit and a response adjustment strategy unit; the invention belongs to the technical field of water-light complementation, and particularly relates to an automatic water level control system for water-light complementation power generation, which improves the stability of frequency and voltage, enables the quality of electric energy to meet the requirements of a power grid, reduces the impact on the power grid, and improves the reliability of water-light complementation power generation. The reliability and stability of a power system are improved, the active adjustment times and the vibration area crossing times of the hydroelectric generating set are reduced by adopting a reasonable control strategy, the abrasion of the generating set is reduced, and the service life of the generating set is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of water-photovoltaic complementary power generation, and specifically refers to an automatic water level control system for water-photovoltaic complementary power generation. Background Art

[0002] Hydropower and photovoltaic complementary power generation is a technology that uses multiple power sources with different changing rules to operate together. Various power generation methods complement each other in a system and provide stable, reliable and high-quality electricity through coordination. With the growing global demand for clean energy, photovoltaic power generation has been widely used as an important renewable energy power generation method. However, photovoltaic power generation is affected by factors such as day and night, seasons, and weather, and its output is random, volatile, and intermittent, which poses challenges to the stable operation of the power system and the quality of power. In order to overcome these problems, hydropower and photovoltaic complementary power generation technology came into being.

[0003] However, the hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation technology is still in the development stage and faces some technical difficulties in practical applications. For example, how to effectively utilize photovoltaic power while ensuring the original comprehensive utilization function of the hydropower station, and at the same time achieve rapid compensation and regulation of photovoltaic power generation fluctuations and optimize the quality of power. These are the key issues that need to be solved in the current hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation technology. In addition, the existing control strategies still have certain limitations when dealing with complex and changeable lighting conditions and load demands, such as insufficient adjustment accuracy and large wear of hydropower units. To solve the above shortcomings, this scheme proposes an automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to effectively utilize photovoltaic power, while realizing rapid compensation and regulation of photovoltaic power generation fluctuations, optimizing power quality, and adopting reasonable control strategies to reduce the number of active power regulation times and the number of times the vibration zone is crossed by the hydropower unit, thereby reducing unit wear and extending the unit's service life.

[0005] In order to achieve the above functions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an automatic water level control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation, including a data acquisition module, a control strategy module, a monitoring and evaluation module, a communication module and an actuator module;

[0006] The data acquisition module collects real-time output data of the photovoltaic power station and operating data of the hydro-generator set, and the data includes the speed, output, grid dispatching instructions and meteorological data of the set;

[0007] The communication module is responsible for data communication between modules within the system and with the external photovoltaic power station monitoring system and the power grid dispatching center, and adopts a high-speed and stable communication protocol to realize information interaction and sharing, so as to respond to various changes and instructions in a timely manner;

[0008] The control strategy module includes a vibration zone crossing strategy unit, an active power distribution strategy unit and a response adjustment strategy unit. The vibration zone crossing strategy unit is provided with a vibration zone crossing dead zone. When the power shortage change is greater than the dead zone or the power between the units is seriously unbalanced and affects the benefits of the whole plant, the unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone; the active power distribution strategy unit adopts an equal capacity proportion distribution method to distribute the active power load of the hydropower unit according to the unit operation status and scheduling requirements. The response adjustment strategy unit is used to set the photovoltaic change adjustment dead zone and the response interval time;

[0009] The actuator module includes a turbine speed governor and a water guide mechanism. The turbine speed governor receives instructions from the control strategy module to adjust the active output of the hydropower unit, and quickly adjusts the speed and flow of the turbine according to the instructions to control the power generation. The water guide mechanism assists in regulating the water flow.

[0010] The monitoring and evaluation module monitors the operating status of the system in real time, including the operating parameters of the hydropower units, the output of the photovoltaic power station, and the power quality indicators. Through data analysis and evaluation algorithms, the control effect is evaluated, and the control strategy is optimized and adjusted according to the evaluation results.

[0011] Furthermore, the data acquisition module adopts PV100 photovoltaic output sensor, selects CAN-FD high-speed digital communication protocol, and adopts SENS800 speed sensor, POWER-MONITOR2000 output sensor and LEVEL-SENSE1000 sensor to collect data respectively. Meteorological data collection uses LUX-METER500 light sensor and WEATHER-PREDICT800 weather condition sensor. The collected data is sent to the control strategy module via the communication module.

[0012] Furthermore, the vibration zone crossing strategy unit adopts fuzzy logic, combined with real-time monitored unit vibration parameters, to determine whether the unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone. When the power shortage change is greater than the dead zone or the power between units is seriously unbalanced and affects the overall plant efficiency, the unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone. During operation, the vibration zone crossing strategy unit monitors in real time through the monitoring and evaluation module whether the unit power is close to these boundary values ​​to determine whether it enters the vibration zone.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific parameters of the cross-vibration zone strategy unit are as follows:

[0014] 1) The dead zone threshold across the vibration zone is set to ΔP_dead, which is used to define the allowable range of power shortage changes;

[0015] When the power shortage change is less than the threshold, the unit maintains the current operating state and does not cross the vibration zone. The value of ΔP_dead is usually determined according to the characteristics of the unit, the range of the vibration zone and the power station operation experience, and the unit is megawatt MW;

[0016] 2) The power imbalance threshold between units is set to ΔP_imbalance, which is used to measure whether the power imbalance between units has reached the level that affects the benefits of the entire plant. It is determined by comparing the difference between the actual power of each unit and the average power;

[0017] 3) The vibration zone boundary parameters are set to P_lower and P_upper. Each vibration zone has its lower power limit value P_lower and upper power limit value P_upper. These parameters are determined according to the dynamic characteristics and test data of the unit and are expressed in megawatts MW.

[0018] Furthermore, the units in the active power distribution strategy unit follow the principle of not operating in the vibration zone, not frequently crossing the vibration zone, and giving priority to adjusting the units with a suitable proportion of actual active power value to total capacity when the load changes. At the same time, the "peak shaving and valley filling" and smooth output strategies are adopted for the photovoltaic power station, and the photovoltaic power station is regarded as an unadjustable unit, while other controllable hydropower units can be adjusted.

[0019] Furthermore, the active power allocation strategy unit includes the following related parameters:

[0020] 1) The unit capacity is set to Pi_capacity. Each hydropower unit i has its rated capacity Pi_capacity, in MW, which is used as the basis for calculating the proportional allocation. The total capacity P_total_capacity = ∑Pi_capacity, where i represents all hydropower units;

[0021] 2) Unit current power Pi_current, which indicates the actual active power currently generated by unit i, in MW; unit vibration zone parameters Pi_lower_vibration, Pi_upper_vibration, for each unit i, its vibration zone has a lower limit power Pi_lower_vibration and an upper limit power Pi_upper_vibration, in MW, these parameters define the power range that the unit needs to avoid operating;

[0022] 3) The unit adjustment priority parameter is set to Pi_priority, and its value range is 0 - 1. The smaller the value, the higher the priority. This parameter is determined according to the characteristics of the unit and its current operating state, and is used to determine which units to adjust first when the load changes; the photovoltaic power station power P_pv is the active power output by the photovoltaic power station, regarded as an unadjustable fixed value, with the unit of MW; the total system load demand P_load is the load power that the entire hydropower and photovoltaic complementary power generation system needs to meet, with the unit of MW.

[0023] Furthermore, the calculation method of the initial active power distribution ratio is as follows:

[0024] The initial active power distribution ratio Ki of unit i = Pi_capacity / P_total_capacity;

[0025] First, for each unit i, if Pi_current is within the range of Pi_lower_vibration and Pi_upper_vibration, then re - distribute the active power load, temporarily set the distribution ratio of this unit to 0, and increase the distribution ratios of other non - vibration area units proportionally. Let the set of units currently in the vibration area be V, and the adjusted distribution ratio Kj' of non - vibration area unit j = Kj * P_load / (P_load - ∑Pi_current), where i ∈ V;

[0026] Second, when the system load changes, before distributing the active power load, judge whether the power change of each unit will cause it to cross the vibration area. If it is set that Pi_current + ΔPi of unit i crosses the vibration area, where ΔPi is the power increment calculated by the equal - capacity ratio distribution method, then reduce its power increment or obtain compensation from other units. By setting a vibration - area crossing penalty factor Fi, and 0 < Fi < 1, the adjusted power increment ΔPi' of unit i = Fi * ΔPi;

[0027] Third, when the load changes, sort the units according to the unit adjustment priority parameter Pi_priority. When the load changes, give priority to adjusting the units with higher priority. Let the load change amount be ΔP_load, and in the order from high to low priority, allocate power increments to the units in turn until the load change demand is met;

[0028] The calculation of the power increment distribution for unit i is as follows:

[0029] When Pi_priority is the smallest among the currently considered units and the allocation of the power increment will not cause it to enter the vibration area or cross the vibration area, then ΔPi = min(ΔP_load, Pi_capacity * Ki), and at the same time update ΔP_load = ΔP_load - ΔPi;

[0030] If the allocation of power increment causes the unit to enter or cross the vibration zone, the unit will be skipped and the next unit with the highest priority will be considered;

[0031] Fourthly, the power of the photovoltaic power station P_pv is subtracted from the total load demand P_load of the system to obtain the net load P_net_load=P_load-P_pv that the hydropower unit needs to bear, and then the active load of the hydropower unit is allocated according to the predetermined strategy. When the photovoltaic power increases, the active power allocation of the hydropower unit is reduced, and when the photovoltaic power decreases, the active power allocation of the hydropower unit is increased.

[0032] Furthermore, when the photovoltaic output change in the response regulation strategy is greater than the regulation dead zone, the hydropower unit starts to respond and regulate, and the setting of the response interval time further prevents frequent interference of photovoltaic fluctuations on the hydropower unit, thereby ensuring the stability of the unit operation.

[0033] Furthermore, the relevant parameters of the response adjustment strategy unit are as follows:

[0034] The PV change regulation dead zone is set to ΔP_pv_dead_zone. When the PV output change is less than this value, the hydropower unit will not respond and adjust. Its value is usually determined according to the scale of the PV power station, the regulation characteristics of the hydropower unit and the system's requirements for stability, and the unit is megawatt MW.

[0035] The response interval is set to T_response_interval, which sets the minimum time interval between two response adjustments of the hydropower unit. This value is determined based on the dynamic response characteristics of the unit and actual operating experience, and the unit is seconds (s);

[0036] The current photovoltaic output P_pv_current and the last recorded photovoltaic output P_pv_last represent the active power output of the photovoltaic power station at the current moment and the last monitoring moment, respectively, in MW;

[0037] P_h_current is the current active power output of the hydropower unit, and ΔP_h_command is the power regulation command of the hydropower unit calculated according to the response regulation strategy, both in MW;

[0038] The calculation method of photovoltaic output change is as follows:

[0039] Assuming the change in photovoltaic output is ΔP_pv, the calculation formula is: ΔP_pv=|P_pv_current-P_pv_last|;

[0040] First, the response adjustment judgment function, when ΔP_pv>ΔP_pv_dead_zone, triggers the response adjustment of the hydropower unit, and considers the response interval time. The last response adjustment time of the hydropower unit is set as T_last_response, and the current time is T_current. When T_current-T_last_response is greater than T_response_interval, the response adjustment is executed;

[0041] Secondly, the hydropower unit regulation command calculation function adopts a proportional regulation method, and the regulation coefficient is k, then the hydropower unit regulation command ΔP_h_command = k×(P_pv_current-P_pv_last); the regulation command needs to comprehensively consider the regulation range, current operating point, and reservoir of the hydropower unit.

[0042] Furthermore, the cloud computing platform in the monitoring and evaluation module adopts the CLOUD-PLATFORM9000 model, the edge computing device is the EDGE-COMPUTER7000 model, and the turbine speed governor in the actuator module adopts the HYDRO-SPEED3000 electro-hydraulic proportional valve for precise regulation of the turbine speed.

[0043] The advantages of the water level automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation of the present invention are:

[0044] 1. Through precise active power distribution and rapid compensation and adjustment of photovoltaic power generation fluctuations, the fluctuation of system output is effectively reduced, the stability of frequency and voltage is improved, the power quality meets the requirements of the power grid, the impact on the power grid is reduced, and the reliability and stability of the power system are improved.

[0045] 2. Reasonable control strategy reduces the number of active power adjustments and the number of times the hydropower unit crosses the vibration zone, reduces unit wear, extends the unit's service life, enables the unit to operate under better working conditions, improves the operating efficiency of the hydropower unit, and reduces operating costs.

[0046] 3. The automatic control system for water-photovoltaic complementary power generation of the present invention maximizes the use of photovoltaic power while meeting the comprehensive utilization function of the hydropower station, realizes the complementary utilization of water energy and light energy, increases the proportion of clean energy in the power system, and helps to achieve sustainable development of energy.

[0047] 4. This system can quickly and flexibly adjust the power generation strategy according to different lighting conditions, load demands and grid dispatching instructions, adapt to the complex and changeable operating environment, and improve the overall adaptability and reliability of the water-photovoltaic complementary power generation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is the overall architecture diagram of the automatic control system for water-photovoltaic complementary power generation of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 2 The figure is a flow chart of the automatic control system for water-photovoltaic complementary power generation of the present invention.

[0050] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to achieve the above functions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: an automatic water level control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation includes: a data acquisition module, a control strategy module, a monitoring and evaluation module, a communication module and an actuator module;

[0053] The data acquisition module uses the PV100 photovoltaic output sensor with ultra-high precision and stability, which can accurately sense subtle changes in light intensity, thereby realizing ultra-precise collection of photovoltaic power station output data. At the same time, the latest CAN-FD high-speed digital communication protocol is selected to ensure that the data is transmitted to the control center instantly after collection, realizing real-time data update and processing. It uses the SENS800 speed sensor with an accuracy of ±0.1%, the POWER-MONITOR2000 output sensor with an output measurement error of less than 1%, and the L-type output sensor with a measurement resolution of 0.1 cm. The EVEL-SENSE1000 sensor and the meteorological data collection use the LUX-METER500 light sensor that can accurately measure light intensity to 0.1 lux and the WEATHER-PREDICT800 weather condition sensor with an accuracy rate of over 95%. They are responsible for collecting real-time output data of photovoltaic power stations and operating data of hydro-turbine generator sets, including unit speed, output, grid dispatching instructions and meteorological data. Through high-precision sensors and data communication interfaces, the accuracy and timeliness of the data are ensured, providing a reliable basis for subsequent control decisions.

[0054] The control strategy module includes a vibration zone crossing strategy unit, an active power distribution strategy unit and a response regulation strategy unit;

[0055] The vibration zone crossing strategy unit is set with a dead zone for crossing the vibration zone. When the power shortage change is greater than the dead zone or the power imbalance between units is serious and affects the efficiency of the whole plant, the unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone. By optimizing the crossing strategy, the number of times the unit crosses the vibration zone is effectively reduced, the unit wear is reduced, and at the same time a higher power generation efficiency of the power plant is maintained.

[0056] 1) The dead zone threshold ΔP_dead across the vibration zone is a key parameter used to define the allowable range of power shortage changes;

[0057] When the power deficit change is less than the threshold, the unit maintains the current operating state and does not cross the vibration zone. The value of ΔP_dead is usually determined based on the unit's characteristics, the vibration zone range, and the power plant operation experience, and the unit is megawatt MW.

[0058] 2) The power imbalance threshold ΔP_imbalance between units is used to measure whether the power imbalance between units has reached the level that affects the efficiency of the entire plant. It is determined by comparing the difference between the actual power and the average power of each unit;

[0059] 3) Vibration zone boundary parameters P_lower and P_upper. Each vibration zone has its lower power limit value P_lower and upper power limit value P_upper. These parameters are determined based on the dynamic characteristics and test data of the unit and are expressed in megawatts (MW).

[0060] During operation, it is necessary to monitor in real time whether the unit power is close to these boundary values ​​to determine whether it may enter the vibration zone.

[0061] The active power distribution strategy unit adopts an improved equal capacity ratio distribution method. According to the operating status and dispatching requirements of the units, the active load of the hydropower units is reasonably distributed. The principles that the units cannot operate in the vibration zone, do not frequently cross the vibration zone, and give priority to adjusting the units with the appropriate proportion of the actual active power value to the total capacity when the load changes are followed. At the same time, the photovoltaic power station is regarded as an unadjustable unit, and the effect of "peak shaving and valley filling" and smooth output is achieved by adjusting other controllable hydropower units. The following related parameters are included:

[0062] 1) Unit capacity Pi_capacity, each hydropower unit i has its rated capacity Pi_capacity, unit MW, which is used as the basis for calculating the proportional allocation, and the total capacity P_total_capacity = ∑Pi_capacity (i traverses all hydropower units).

[0063] 2) The current power of unit Pi_current represents the active power actually generated by unit i at present, with the unit of MW; the vibration zone parameters of the unit Pi_lower_vibration and Pi_upper_vibration. For each unit i, its vibration zone has a lower limit power Pi_lower_vibration and an upper limit power Pi_upper_vibration, unit: MW. These parameters define the power range that the unit needs to avoid operating in.

[0064] 3) The unit adjustment priority parameter Pi_priority sets an adjustment priority parameter for each unit, and the value range can be 0 - 1. The smaller the value, the higher the priority. This parameter is determined according to the characteristics of the unit and its current operating state and is used to determine which units to adjust first when the load changes; the power of the photovoltaic power station P_pv is the active power output by the photovoltaic power station, regarded as an unadjustable fixed value, with the unit of MW; the total system load demand P_load is the load power that the entire hydropower and photovoltaic complementary power generation system needs to meet, with the unit of MW.

[0065] The calculation method of the initial active power distribution ratio is as follows:

[0066] The initial active power distribution ratio Ki of unit i = Pi_capacity / P_total_capacity.

[0067] First, the strategy to avoid the unit operating in the vibration zone. For each unit i, if Pi_current is within the range of Pi_lower_vibration and Pi_upper_vibration, then the active load needs to be redistributed. Temporarily set the distribution ratio of this unit to 0 and increase the distribution ratios of other non-vibration zone units proportionally. Let the set of units currently in the vibration zone be V, and the adjusted distribution ratio Kj' of non-vibration zone unit j = Kj * P_load / (P_load - ∑Pi_current, i ∈ V).

[0068] Second, the strategy to avoid frequent crossing of the vibration zone. When the system load changes, before distributing the active load, judge whether the power change of each unit will cause it to cross the vibration zone. If Pi_current + ΔPi (ΔPi is the power increment calculated by the equal capacity ratio distribution method) of unit i will cause it to cross the vibration zone, then appropriately reduce its power increment or obtain compensation from other units. Specifically, by setting a vibration zone crossing penalty factor Fi (0 < Fi < 1), the adjusted power increment ΔPi' of unit i = Fi * ΔPi.

[0069] Third, the strategy of giving priority to the appropriate units when the load changes is adopted. The units are sorted according to the unit adjustment priority parameter Pi_priority. When the load changes, the units with high priority are adjusted first. Let the load change amount be ΔP_load. The power increments are allocated to the units in descending order of priority until the load change requirements are met or all units have been considered.

[0070] The power increment allocation for unit i is calculated as follows:

[0071] If Pi_priority is the smallest among the units currently considered and the allocated power increment will not cause it to enter or cross the vibration zone, then ΔPi=min(ΔP_load, Pi_capacity*Ki), and ΔP_load=ΔP_load-ΔPi is updated at the same time.

[0072] If allocating a power increment would cause a unit to enter or cross a vibration zone, the unit is skipped and the next higher priority unit is considered.

[0073] Fourth, considering the "peak shaving and valley filling" and smooth output strategies of photovoltaic power stations, the photovoltaic power station power P_pv is subtracted from the total system load demand P_load to obtain the net load P_net_load = P_load-P_pv that the hydropower unit needs to bear. Then, the active load of the hydropower unit is allocated according to the above strategy to compensate for the power fluctuation of the photovoltaic power station and achieve the effect of "peak shaving and valley filling" and smooth output. When the photovoltaic power increases, the active distribution of the hydropower unit is appropriately reduced, and when the photovoltaic power decreases, the active distribution of the hydropower unit is increased.

[0074] The response regulation strategy unit sets the photovoltaic change regulation dead zone and response interval time. When the photovoltaic output change is greater than the regulation dead zone, the hydropower unit starts to respond and regulate, avoiding overreaction to small changes in the photovoltaic power station and reducing unnecessary regulation actions of the unit. The setting of the response interval time further prevents frequent interference of photovoltaic fluctuations on the hydropower unit, ensuring the stability of the unit operation.

[0075] The relevant parameters of the response adjustment strategy unit are as follows:

[0076] Photovoltaic change regulation dead zone ΔP_pv_dead_zone is a key parameter used to determine the threshold of photovoltaic output change. When the photovoltaic output change is less than this value, the hydropower unit will not respond and adjust. Its value is usually determined according to the scale of the photovoltaic power station, the regulation characteristics of the hydropower unit and the system's requirements for stability, and the unit is megawatt MW.

[0077] The response interval time T_response_interval sets the minimum time interval between two response adjustments of the hydropower unit, which is used to prevent the hydropower unit from over-responding to continuous fluctuations in photovoltaic power in a short period of time. The value is determined based on the dynamic response characteristics of the unit and actual operating experience, in seconds (s), and can be set to 300s.

[0078] The current photovoltaic output P_pv_current and the last recorded photovoltaic output P_pv_last represent the active power output of the photovoltaic power station at the current moment and the last monitoring moment, respectively, in MW.

[0079] The current output P_h_current and regulation command ΔP_h_command of the hydropower unit, where P_h_current is the current active power output of the hydropower unit, and ΔP_h_command is the power regulation command of the hydropower unit calculated according to the response regulation strategy, both in MW.

[0080] The calculation method of photovoltaic output change is as follows:

[0081] Assuming the change in photovoltaic output is ΔP_pv, the calculation formula is: ΔP_pv=|P_pv_current-P_pv_last|.

[0082] First, the response adjustment judgment function, when ΔP_pv>ΔP_pv_dead_zone, there is a possibility of triggering the response adjustment of the hydropower unit, but at the same time, the response interval time needs to be considered. Suppose the last response adjustment time of the hydropower unit is T_last_response, and the current time is T_current. When T_current-T_last_response is greater than T_response_interval, the response adjustment is actually executed.

[0083] Secondly, the hydropower unit regulation command calculation function adopts the proportional regulation method, and the regulation coefficient is k, then the hydropower unit regulation command ΔP_h_command = k×(P_pv_current-P_pv_last); the calculation of the regulation command may be more complicated, and it is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors such as the regulation range of the hydropower unit, the current operating point, and the reservoir. For example, considering the limitation of the regulation range of the hydropower unit, ΔP_h_command = min(max(k×(P_pv_current-P_pv_last)-P_h_max_adjustment)P_h_max_adjustment), where P_h_max_adjustment is the single maximum regulation power of the hydropower unit.

[0084] The communication equipment model based on 5G technology in the communication module is 5G-COMMUNICATOR8000. The satellite communication backup link uses SATELLITE-LINK6000 model equipment to be responsible for data communication between modules in the system and with the external photovoltaic power station monitoring system and power grid dispatching center. It adopts high-speed and stable communication protocols to ensure the real-time and accuracy of data transmission, realize information interaction and sharing, and respond to various changes and instructions in a timely manner.

[0085] The cloud computing platform in the monitoring and evaluation module adopts the CLOUD-PLATFORM9000 model, and the edge computing device is the EDGE-COMPUTER7000 model. It monitors the operating status of the system in real time, including the operating parameters of the hydropower units, the output of the photovoltaic power station, and the power quality indicators. Through data analysis and evaluation algorithms, the control effect is evaluated, and the control strategy is optimized and adjusted according to the evaluation results to continuously improve the performance of the system.

[0086] The actuator module includes a turbine speed governor and a water-guiding mechanism. By receiving instructions from the control strategy module, the active output of the hydropower unit is precisely adjusted. The speed governor quickly adjusts the speed and flow of the turbine according to the instructions to achieve precise control of the generated power. The water-guiding mechanism assists in regulating the water flow to ensure that the hydropower unit operates under optimal conditions. It adopts advanced electro-hydraulic servo control technology and high-performance mechanical transmission components. The turbine speed governor adopts the HYDRO-SPEED3000 electro-hydraulic proportional valve with ultra-high response speed and accuracy, which can complete the precise adjustment of the turbine speed within milliseconds. The water-guiding mechanism adopts high-strength, low-friction new composite materials and precision manufacturing processes to ensure precise control of water flow and efficient energy conversion.

[0087] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0088] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0089] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic water level control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation, characterized by: It includes data acquisition module, control strategy module, monitoring and evaluation module, communication module and actuator module; The data acquisition module collects real-time output data of the photovoltaic power station and operating data of the hydro-generator set, and the data includes the speed, output, grid dispatching instructions and meteorological data of the set; The communication module is responsible for data communication between modules within the system and with the external photovoltaic power station monitoring system and the power grid dispatching center, and adopts a high-speed and stable communication protocol to realize information interaction and sharing, so as to respond to various changes and instructions in a timely manner; The control strategy module includes a vibration zone crossing strategy unit, an active power distribution strategy unit and a response adjustment strategy unit. The vibration zone crossing strategy unit is provided with a vibration zone crossing dead zone. When the power shortage change is greater than the dead zone or the power between the units is seriously unbalanced and affects the benefits of the whole plant, the unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone; the active power distribution strategy unit adopts an equal capacity proportion distribution method to distribute the active power load of the hydropower unit according to the unit operation status and scheduling requirements. The response adjustment strategy unit is used to set the photovoltaic change adjustment dead zone and the response interval time; The actuator module includes a turbine speed governor and a water guide mechanism. The turbine speed governor receives instructions from the control strategy module to adjust the active output of the hydropower unit, and quickly adjusts the speed and flow of the turbine according to the instructions to control the power generation. The water guide mechanism assists in regulating the water flow. The monitoring and evaluation module monitors the operating status of the system in real time, including the operating parameters of the hydropower units, the output of the photovoltaic power station, and the power quality indicators. Through data analysis and evaluation algorithms, the control effect is evaluated, and the control strategy is optimized and adjusted according to the evaluation results.

2. The water level automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module adopts PV100 photovoltaic output sensor and selects CAN-FD high-speed digital communication protocol. It also adopts SENS800 speed sensor, POWER-MONITOR2000 output sensor and LEVEL-SENSE1000 sensor to collect data respectively. Meteorological data collection uses LUX-METER500 light sensor and WEATHER-PREDICT800 weather condition sensor. The collected data is sent to the control strategy module via the communication module.

3. The water level automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration zone crossing strategy unit adopts fuzzy logic, combined with real-time monitored unit vibration parameters, to determine whether the unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone. When the power shortage change is greater than the dead zone or the power between units is seriously unbalanced, affecting the overall plant efficiency, the unit is allowed to cross the vibration zone. During operation, the vibration zone crossing strategy unit monitors in real time through the monitoring and evaluation module whether the unit power is close to these boundary values ​​to determine whether it enters the vibration zone.

4. The water level automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 3 is characterized by: The specific parameters of the vibration zone crossing strategy unit are as follows: 1) The dead zone threshold across the vibration zone is set to ΔP_dead, which is used to define the allowable range of power shortage changes; When the power shortage change is less than the threshold, the unit maintains the current operating state and does not cross the vibration zone. The value of ΔP_dead is usually determined according to the characteristics of the unit, the range of the vibration zone and the power station operation experience, and the unit is megawatt MW; 2) The power imbalance threshold between units is set to ΔP_imbalance, which is used to measure whether the power imbalance between units has reached the level that affects the benefits of the entire plant. It is determined by comparing the difference between the actual power of each unit and the average power; 3) The vibration zone boundary parameters are set to P_lower and P_upper. Each vibration zone has its lower power limit value P_lower and upper power limit value P_upper. These parameters are determined based on the dynamic characteristics and test data of the unit and are expressed in megawatts MW.

5. The water level automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The units in the active power distribution strategy unit follow the principle of not operating in the vibration zone, not frequently crossing the vibration zone, and giving priority to adjusting the units with a suitable proportion of actual active power value to total capacity when the load changes. At the same time, the "peak shaving and valley filling" and smooth output strategies are adopted for the photovoltaic power station, and the photovoltaic power station is regarded as an unadjustable unit, while other controllable hydropower units can be adjusted.

6. The automatic water level control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The active power allocation strategy unit includes the following related parameters: 1) The unit capacity is set to Pi_capacity. Each hydropower unit i has its rated capacity Pi_capacity, in MW, which is used as the basis for calculating the proportional allocation. The total capacity P_total_capacity = ∑Pi_capacity, where i represents all hydropower units; 2) Unit current power Pi_current, which indicates the actual active power currently generated by unit i, in MW; unit vibration zone parameters Pi_lower_vibration, Pi_upper_vibration, for each unit i, its vibration zone has a lower limit power Pi_lower_vibration and an upper limit power Pi_upper_vibration, in MW, these parameters define the power range that the unit needs to avoid operating; 3) The unit adjustment priority parameter is set to Pi_priority, with a value range of 0-1. The smaller the value, the higher the priority. This parameter is determined according to the characteristics of the unit and the current operating status, and is used to decide which units to adjust first when the load changes; the photovoltaic power station power P_pv is the active power output of the photovoltaic power station, which is regarded as an unadjustable fixed value in MW; the total system load demand P_load is the load power that the entire hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation system needs to meet, in MW.

7. The automatic water level control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation method of the initial active power distribution ratio is as follows: The initial active power distribution ratio of unit i is Ki = Pi_capacity / P_total_capacity; First, for each unit i, if Pi_current is within the range of Pi_lower_vibration and Pi_upper_vibration, reallocate the active power load, temporarily set the allocation ratio of this unit to 0, and increase the allocation ratios of other non-vibration zone units proportionally. Let the set of units currently in the vibration zone be V, and the adjusted allocation ratio Kj' of non-vibration zone unit j = Kj * P_load / (P_load - ∑Pi_current), where i ∈ V; Second, when the system load changes, before allocating the active power load, determine whether the power change of each unit will cause it to cross the vibration zone. If it is set that Pi_current + ΔPi of unit i crosses the vibration zone, where ΔPi is the power increment calculated by the equal capacity ratio allocation method, then reduce its power increment or obtain compensation from other units. By setting a vibration zone crossing penalty factor Fi, and 0 < Fi < 1, the adjusted power increment ΔPi' of unit i = Fi * ΔPi; Third, when the load changes, sort the units according to the unit adjustment priority parameter Pi_priority. When the load changes, give priority to adjusting the units with higher priorities. Let the load change amount be ΔP_load, and in the order from high to low priority, allocate power increments to the units in turn until the load change requirement is met; The calculation of the power increment allocation for unit i is as follows: When Pi_priority is the smallest among the currently considered units and allocating the power increment will not cause it to enter the vibration zone or cross the vibration zone, then ΔPi = min(ΔP_load, Pi_capacity * Ki), and at the same time update ΔP_load = ΔP_load - ΔPi; If allocating the power increment causes the unit to enter the vibration zone or cross the vibration zone, then skip this unit and continue to consider the next unit with a higher priority; Fourth, subtract the photovoltaic power station power P_pv from the system total load demand P_load to obtain the net load P_net_load that the hydropower units need to bear = P_load - P_pv, and then allocate the active power load of the hydropower units according to a predetermined strategy. When the photovoltaic power increases, reduce the active power allocation of the hydropower units; when the photovoltaic power decreases, increase the active power allocation of the hydropower units.

8. The water level automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the response regulation strategy, when the change in photovoltaic output is greater than the regulation dead zone, the hydropower units start to respond to the regulation. The setting of the response interval time further prevents the frequent interference of photovoltaic fluctuations on the hydropower units and ensures the stability of the unit operation.

9. The automatic water level control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The relevant parameters of the response regulation strategy unit are as follows: The photovoltaic change regulation dead zone is set as ΔP_pv_dead_zone. When the change amplitude of the photovoltaic output is less than this value, the hydropower units do not perform response regulation. Its value is usually determined according to the scale of the photovoltaic power station, the regulation characteristics of the hydropower units, and the system requirements for stability, with the unit of megawatt (MW); The response interval is set to T_response_interval, which sets the minimum time interval between two response adjustments of the hydropower unit. This value is determined based on the dynamic response characteristics of the unit and actual operating experience, and the unit is seconds (s); The current photovoltaic output P_pv_current and the last recorded photovoltaic output P_pv_last represent the active power output of the photovoltaic power station at the current moment and the last monitoring moment, respectively, in MW; P_h_current is the current active power output of the hydropower unit, and ΔP_h_command is the power regulation command of the hydropower unit calculated according to the response regulation strategy, both in MW; The calculation method of photovoltaic output change is as follows: Assuming the change in photovoltaic output is ΔP_pv, the calculation formula is: ΔP_pv=|P_pv_current-P_pv_last|; First, the response adjustment judgment function, when ΔP_pv>ΔP_pv_dead_zone, triggers the response adjustment of the hydropower unit, and considers the response interval time. The last response adjustment time of the hydropower unit is set as T_last_response, and the current time is T_current. When T_current-T_last_response is greater than T_response_interval, the response adjustment is executed; Secondly, the hydropower unit regulation command calculation function adopts a proportional regulation method, and the regulation coefficient is k, then the hydropower unit regulation command ΔP_h_command = k×(P_pv_current-P_pv_last); the regulation command needs to comprehensively consider the regulation range, current operating point, and reservoir of the hydropower unit.

10. The water level automatic control system for hydro-photovoltaic complementary power generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cloud computing platform in the monitoring and evaluation module adopts the CLOUD-PLATFORM9000 model, the edge computing device is the EDGE-COMPUTER7000 model, and the turbine speed governor in the actuator module adopts the HYDRO-SPEED3000 electro-hydraulic proportional valve for precise regulation of the turbine speed.

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