Photo-hydrogen and co-energy storage method

Abstract

The invention provides a photo-hydrogen and co-energy storage method, which adopts a normal-pressure hydrogen bag to store hydrogen, and the normal-pressure hydrogen bag is arranged in an idle space below or beside a photovoltaic cell panel; the hydrogen preparation device is communicated with a normal-pressure hydrogen bag and a hydrogen fuel cell or a combustion furnace through a hydrogen pipeline, photovoltaic electric energy is gathered through a photovoltaic wire, and then the electric energy is converted into hydrogen for normal-pressure storage. According to the invention, the continuity and stability of power supply can be ensured, and a new low-cost technical path can be provided for replacing thermal power by photovoltaic power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation and hydrogen energy storage technology, and specifically relates to a method for storing photovoltaic and hydrogen energy. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation relies on sunlight, so its output is significantly intermittent and unstable. At night, on cloudy or rainy days, the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation systems is greatly reduced or even stops generating electricity, resulting in unstable power supply and difficulty in meeting continuous and stable power demand, which poses challenges to the dispatch and operation of the power grid. As a clean energy technology, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has dropped significantly in recent years. It has been reported that the cost of some photovoltaic power stations has dropped to RMB 0.10 per kilowatt-hour over their entire life cycle. Although the cost of photovoltaic power generation has been greatly reduced, the cost of energy storage is still high, which has become the main obstacle to large-scale replacement of traditional thermal power.

[0003] The development of energy storage technology has undergone decades of evolution, and currently has formed a variety of forms including battery energy storage, pumped energy storage, compressed air energy storage, flywheel energy storage, hydrogen energy storage, etc. Battery energy storage has a high energy conversion efficiency (usually between 85% and 95%). At present, the most mature electrochemical energy storage technology is lithium iron phosphate battery technology, but its cost is still high. The latest report: the full life cycle cost is RMB 0.62 / kWh. Pumped energy storage technology is mature and has high economic efficiency. It can provide large-scale, long-term energy storage solutions and is suitable for peak and frequency regulation of power systems. The latest report is RMB 0.21 / kWh, but its initial construction investment is large, the site selection requirements are high, and its applicability is limited. Compressed air energy storage has the potential for large-scale long-term energy storage, but the energy conversion efficiency is relatively low (between 40% and 70%), the system is complex and depends on geological conditions. Flywheel energy storage is known for its high power density, long life and fast response, and is suitable for short-term energy storage and high frequency regulation. However, its low energy density and high manufacturing cost limit its application in large-scale energy storage. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis and hydrogen energy storage can achieve ultra-long-term energy storage, which is particularly suitable for combination with renewable energy. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology is currently the most mature and commonly used hydrogen storage method. It consumes about 25% of electrical energy or mechanical energy in the process of compressing and releasing hydrogen, which is energy-intensive and costly. Normal-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has not been reported or used because of its large size, huge footprint, and uneconomical and impractical nature.

[0004] As we all know, in practical applications, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology faces problems such as high energy consumption in the compression and release process, large investment in high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks, large amount of land resources required, and high maintenance costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a solar-hydrogen co-storage method to reduce energy storage costs, ensure the continuity and stability of power supply, and provide a new low-cost technical path for photovoltaic power generation to replace thermal power.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present application provides a solar-hydrogen co-energy storage method as follows.

[0007] The present application provides a method for solar-hydrogen co-storage, comprising building a solar-storage system using photovoltaic panels (i.e., photovoltaic units), a hydrogen production device (e.g., a water electrolysis hydrogen production machine), a hydrogen energy storage device (e.g., a hydrogen storage container), and corresponding pipelines and circuits; characterized in that it comprises the following steps: ①Storing hydrogen at normal pressure—— Using atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags (such as flexible inner tubes) as hydrogen containers for storing atmospheric pressure gaseous hydrogen, although conventionally atmospheric pressure gas containers occupy a large area and have never been used for hydrogen storage; ② Sharing of ground and air resources—— Deploy atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags in the idle space below the safe distance L between adjacent atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags, and use photovoltaic panels as sunshades to provide the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags with protection from light and rain and from falling objects (from above), thereby forming a light-hydrogen fusion device to achieve (efficient use and) sharing of land and space resources, thereby reducing the cost of land and space use; Alternatively, atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags can be deployed in the idle spaces next to photovoltaic panels to form a light-hydrogen fusion device, achieving efficient use and sharing of land and idle resources to reduce the cost of land and space use; ③ Hydrogen transportation and storage—— A hydrogen production device (including a group of units composed of multiple hydrogen generators) is connected to multiple normal-pressure hydrogen bags through a hydrogen pipeline network to form a one-to-many supply-storage relationship, and the newly produced hydrogen is transported to each normal-pressure hydrogen bag for separate storage; in the process of filling hydrogen into the normal-pressure hydrogen bag, the normal-pressure hydrogen bag gradually expands to increase its volume and expand space for hydrogen, so that the air pressure in the bag is kept (basically) consistent with the external atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference is less than 0.28MPa, preferably less than 0.015MPa; ④Distributed safe hydrogen storage—— n ≥ 3 (n ≥ 9 or 18 is a better configuration) light hydrogen fusion devices are dispersedly arranged in the same plot, and the safety distance L between adjacent normal pressure hydrogen bags is ensured to be no less than 1 meter (the optimal spacing is 3 to 9 meters, preferably no less than 5 meters, and the most reliable safety distance L ≥ 15 meters) to form a distributed safe hydrogen storage pattern to prevent a chain (explosion) reaction caused by a failure (such as explosion) of a single normal pressure hydrogen bag; in other words, many light hydrogen fusion devices are spaced at a preset safety distance L and live in groups on the ground; in order to ensure that the safety distance L between adjacent normal pressure hydrogen bags is large and to avoid wasting land resources, a design with a large head and small feet can be adopted, so that the horizontal projection area of ​​the photovoltaic panel is 1.2-12 times the horizontal projection area of ​​the normal pressure hydrogen bag; ⑤Conversion of electricity into hydrogen energy—— Multiple photovoltaic panels are electrically connected to a hydrogen production device (including a group of units composed of multiple hydrogen generators) through photovoltaic wires to form a many-to-one power supply relationship, and the electrical energy is converted into hydrogen (hydrogen energy) and stored for use in generating electricity or supplying furnaces / stoves for combustion when there is no sunlight.

[0008] The above-mentioned solar hydrogen and shared energy storage method of this application effectively solves the problems of high cost and high energy consumption in traditional solar hydrogen power generation systems through innovative space sharing and energy management strategies, improves the overall efficiency of power generation and energy storage, and ensures the continuity and stability of power supply.

[0009] The reason why this application uses retractable containers such as atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags to store hydrogen is that they can adjust gas storage and discharge, save energy, are easy to empty, and have low cost. The reason why atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage is chosen instead of high-pressure hydrogen storage is that it has no compression / release energy consumption, is energy-saving and low-cost. The only disadvantage is that it occupies a huge area. However, this application cleverly uses the idle space / gaps under and next to the photovoltaic panels, cleverly solving the problem of the huge area occupied by atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage.

[0010] Preferably, the photohydrogen co-energy storage method is characterized by: utilizing a hydrogen pipeline network to connect multiple normal-pressure hydrogen bags to a hydrogen fuel power generation device (including a group composed of multiple hydrogen fuel power generation devices) to form a many-to-one hydrogen supply relationship, realize the return and centralized use of hydrogen, and provide continuous and sufficient fuel for the hydrogen fuel power generation device to ensure continuous and stable power generation even during periods without sunshine; in the process of taking hydrogen out of the normal-pressure hydrogen bag, the normal-pressure hydrogen bag gradually shrinks to reduce its volume and squeezes out all the hydrogen in the bag, so that the air pressure in the bag remains (basically) consistent with the external atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference is less than 0.28MPa, preferably less than 0.015MPa.

[0011] Preferably, the photohydrogen energy storage method is characterized in that: the hydrogen production device is a water electrolysis hydrogen generator, the hydrogen energy storage device is a normal-pressure hydrogen bag (which can be understood as a normal-pressure container such as a flexible hydrogen tank), and the hydrogen fuel power generation device is a hydrogen fuel cell; or, a protective layer (such as a protective sleeve, a protective cover, a protective net, a protective tent, a protective fence, a rigid shell, a protective wall and other protective facilities) is arranged around the normal-pressure hydrogen bag, so that the two constitute a hydrogen energy storage device that is soft inside and strong outside to prevent accidental impacts from all sides (such as preventing wild animals from biting or attacking) to avoid damage and leakage of the normal-pressure hydrogen bag.

[0012] Preferably, the photohydrogen energy storage method is characterized in that the photovoltaic panels, rigid protective layer, atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags, hydrogen holes and air holes together constitute a atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank (a photovoltaic panel power generation unit and an atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag energy storage unit are integrated into one).

[0013] Preferably, the protective layer adopts a rigid shell, so that the normal-pressure hydrogen bag (placed in the rigid shell) is protected by the rigid shell, and a vent hole connected to the outside is opened on the rigid shell; the photovoltaic panel, the rigid shell (protective layer), the normal-pressure hydrogen bag, the hydrogen hole, the vent hole, etc. together constitute a photohydrogen fusion device (photovoltaic panel and hydrogen energy storage device integrated into one) that is rigid on the outside and soft on the inside - a normal-pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank; in the process of hydrogen being sent into the normal-pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank, the normal-pressure hydrogen bag expands to expand the volume to store hydrogen, and the gas between the normal-pressure hydrogen bag and the rigid shell is squeezed and discharged through the vent hole to ensure that the air pressure in the normal-pressure hydrogen bag remains basically consistent with the outside atmospheric pressure (that is, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside is not large); in the process of hydrogen being sent out of the normal-pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank, the normal-pressure hydrogen bag shrinks and collapses to reduce the volume and squeeze out the hydrogen, and the space between the normal-pressure hydrogen bag and the rigid shell inhales gas from the vent hole to ensure that the air pressure in the normal-pressure hydrogen bag remains (basically) consistent with the outside atmospheric pressure (that is, the pressure difference between the inside and the outside is not large).

[0014] Preferably, the safety height G of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag is between 0.20 and 8.25 meters, and the safety length C is preferably between 0.5 and 55 meters or 0.5 and 35 meters, to ensure that the atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank can safely store photovoltaic electricity for 1 to 40 days, that is, it can store the total electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels for 1 to 40 days.

[0015] Preferably, the length×width of a single atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag is ≤ the length×width of a single photovoltaic panel unit, so as to ensure that the photovoltaic panel unit has a large enough area to shield the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag from light and rain.

[0016] Preferably, the photo-hydrogen energy storage method is characterized in that: the photo-hydrogen fusion device is fully or half buried underground; or, a hydrogen sensor is installed between the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag and the rigid shell to monitor in real time whether the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag is leaking.

[0017] Preferably, the photohydrogen and co-energy storage method is characterized in that: the design working pressure of the normal pressure hydrogen bag does not exceed 0.28MPa, preferably does not exceed 0.015MPa, and most preferably does not exceed 0.01MPa, so that the hydrogen in the bag forms a positive pressure to prevent air from accidentally entering the bag and causing safety accidents, avoiding compression energy consumption, reducing hydrogen leakage rate, and extending the service life of the bag. Studies have shown that when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bag is higher than 0.01MPa, the cost of the bag will increase. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bag is higher than 0.28MPa, the cost of the bag will increase significantly, the energy consumption of compressed hydrogen will also increase significantly, and it is easy to cause bursting and leakage. This application regards a safe working pressure of less than 0.28MPa that is not easy to cause bursting as normal pressure. That is, the normal pressure described in this application includes a low pressure of pressure ≤0.28MPa.

[0018] Preferably, the hydrogen fuel power generation device is a hydrogen fuel cell, but a hydrogen gas turbine generator can also be used.

[0019] Preferably, the atmospheric hydrogen bag is connected with a safety valve that can automatically release pressure to prevent the air pressure in the bag from being too high, thereby avoiding (the bag) bursting. It is particularly desirable that the air release outlet of the safety valve is located higher than the photovoltaic panel, so that it can discharge the leaked hydrogen into the sky like a towering chimney, so that it can be quickly diffused, thereby reducing the risk of hydrogen accumulation near the ground and reducing the risk of explosion.

[0020] Preferably, the photo-hydrogen fusion device is equipped with a chimney (i.e., an exhaust pipe) for discharging (accidental) leaked hydrogen to a higher place to avoid contact with photovoltaic panels and their wires and to prevent fire.

[0021] Preferably, the solar hydrogen energy storage method is characterized in that a check valve is connected to the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag to prevent air from entering.

[0022] Preferably, the safety height G of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag is set between 0.20 meters and 8.25 meters, wherein a more preferred range is 0.25 meters to 4.25 meters. At the same time, the safety length C is between 0.5 meters and 55 meters. The logic behind this design is based on a comprehensive consideration of the power generation efficiency of existing photovoltaic panels, the local peak sunshine hours, and the efficiency of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. According to the current average power generation efficiency of 25% of photovoltaic panels, combined with the local sunshine conditions (sunshine hours 4) (for example, in Haikou City), each square meter of photovoltaic cells can generate about 1 kWh of electricity per day. According to the existing level of hydrogen production technology by electrolysis of water, each standard cubic meter of hydrogen consumes 3-5 kWh of electricity, and 1 kWh of electricity can produce 0.20 to 0.33 standard cubic meters of hydrogen per day. Based on this calculation, a 0.20 to 0.33 meter high atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag with the same width as a photovoltaic panel can store the hydrogen produced by the power generated by its light hydrogen fusion device on that day. If the safety height G is raised to 8.25 meters, the storage capacity of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag is sufficient to support the hydrogen produced by 25-41 days of power generation, thereby significantly improving the energy storage capacity of the system. In view of the above analysis, in practical applications, the safety height G of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag can be set between 1 meter and 3 meters. This range can not only meet the energy storage needs of 5 to 15 days, but also achieve an optimal balance between energy storage efficiency and cost while ensuring system safety.

[0023] Preferably, in the same light hydrogen fusion device, the relationship between the volume V of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag and its corresponding photovoltaic panel power P is the capacity-power coefficient k=V / P=0.22~1.32m 3 / kw; In this way, according to the design formula V=k×d, which is the capacity coefficient k multiplied by the number of days d that the customer wants to store energy, the volume V of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag required by the customer can be designed. In other words, the volume V of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag is V=k×d. Taking Haikou, where the capacity coefficient k is relatively small, as an example, if you want to store photovoltaic power for one month, you need to design an installation volume of 0.22m 3 / kw×30 days=6.6 m 3 / kw atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag. Taking Xinjiang, where the capacity coefficient k is very large, as an example, if you want to store photovoltaic power for one week, you need to design and install a volume of 1.32m 3 / kw×7 days=9.24 m 3 / kw normal pressure hydrogen bag.

[0024] Preferably, a hydrogen booster is connected between the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag and the hydrogen fuel cell to boost the hydrogen flowing out of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag to a suitable level (preferably 0.03-3 MPa), and then stably transport it to the hydrogen fuel power generation device for power generation. In order to ensure that the hydrogen fuel power generation device can operate efficiently and stably, and taking into account the overall safety and economy of the system, the preferred pressure range of hydrogen boosting can be set to two intervals: the first interval is 0.03-3 MPa, which is suitable for the inlet requirements of most standard hydrogen fuel cells and other power generation devices, and can provide good performance; the second interval is 3-7 MPa, which is a higher pressure range and is suitable for hydrogen fuel power generation devices that require higher pressure hydrogen to improve efficiency or meet specific application requirements. By flexibly selecting these two pressure intervals, it can be ensured that the system can achieve the best performance and efficiency in different application scenarios. In practical applications, according to the specific type of hydrogen fuel power generation device, performance requirements and overall design of the system, the working parameters of the hydrogen booster can be flexibly adjusted to meet specific pressure requirements to ensure that the photovoltaic storage power generation system can operate stably and efficiently. It should be noted that the reason why a negative pressure vacuum booster is not used here is to prevent the normal pressure hydrogen bag from sucking in air in case of a hole, causing oxygen to mix in the bag and the tube, creating explosion conditions and causing a safety accident.

[0025] Preferably, a pressurizing measure such as adding a weight to the normal pressure hydrogen bag is adopted to form a positive pressure of hydrogen inside and outside the bag. For example, a pressurizing measure such as adding a weight is adopted to form a positive pressure with a pressure difference greater than 0.0001MPa inside and outside the bag, so that the hydrogen in the normal pressure hydrogen bag can automatically flow to the inlet of the hydrogen booster to prevent air from accidentally entering the bag and causing a safety accident. Studies have shown that the working pressure of the normal pressure hydrogen bag should be greater than 0.0001MPa, preferably not exceeding 0.015MPa, and must be guaranteed not to exceed 0.28MPa.

[0026] Preferably, a buffer tank is connected between the hydrogen booster and the hydrogen fuel power generation device to stabilize the hydrogen pressure and smoothly deliver hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel power generation device for power generation.

[0027] Preferably, the solar hydrogen energy storage method is characterized in that an isolation layer is provided between the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag and the photovoltaic cell panel to guide the leaked hydrogen to rise and diffuse along the isolation layer, avoid contact with the photovoltaic cell panel, and prevent fire.

[0028] Preferably, the normal pressure hydrogen bag is installed suspended from the ground to prevent mice or ants from climbing up and gnawing on it.

[0029] Preferably, normal pressure hydrogen bags are tied to the photovoltaic support (with ropes) from all sides to prevent them from being blown around by wind.

[0030] In a photovoltaic power generation system, a larger power generation unit formed by combining multiple photovoltaic panels (also called photovoltaic modules) in series and / or parallel is usually called a "photovoltaic power generation unit" or "photovoltaic unit". This unit is the basic component of a photovoltaic power station, and its main function is to convert solar energy into electrical energy. After being collected by a DC combiner box, it is inverted by an inverter and boosted by an isolated booster substation, and finally outputs power that meets the frequency and voltage requirements of the grid.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, this application demonstrates a series of significant and beneficial technical achievements.

[0032] First of all, this application achieves a high degree of integration between photovoltaic panels (i.e., photovoltaic power generation units) and atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags (i.e., energy storage units). This innovative design enables the two to share space and photovoltaic brackets and pile foundations, greatly saving land resources, sharing land use costs, sharing bracket and pile foundation costs, and improving space utilization, which is particularly important for areas with limited land resources.

[0033] Secondly, in terms of energy conversion efficiency, this application has achieved significant improvements compared to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology. Traditional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage consumes a lot of electrical energy during the compression and release of hydrogen, which is 10-15% and 5-15% respectively. The normal pressure hydrogen storage method adopted in this application completely avoids these energy consumptions, thereby saving 15-25% of energy and correspondingly increasing the energy conversion efficiency by 15-25%. This significant improvement not only greatly reduces the cost of photovoltaic power generation, but also gives the technology extremely high economic value.

[0034] Third, in terms of the cost of hydrogen storage containers, this application also shows significant advantages. Due to its high manufacturing cost (especially the cost of carbon fiber composite materials), high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks account for a large proportion of the total cost of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage power generation technology. In contrast, the cost of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags in this application is extremely low, with a storage cost of less than 300 yuan per kilogram of hydrogen, which is an order of magnitude lower than the 4,000 yuan / kilogram of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. At the same time, atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags also have excellent safety and anti-leakage performance, further enhancing their application value.

[0035] Fourth, this application also performs well in terms of safety. The light hydrogen fusion device is similar to the current centralized photovoltaic cell assembly array and can be installed in remote, sparsely populated areas, such as wilderness, deserts, etc., thereby effectively reducing the safety threat of accidental explosions to the public. In addition, there is a sufficient safety distance between adjacent normal pressure hydrogen bags. Even if a hydrogen bag leaks, the hydrogen will quickly diffuse into the air and will not cause any safety accidents.

[0036] Finally, this application also provides additional convenience for rural users. While enjoying the power supply brought by photovoltaic power generation, users can also introduce the hydrogen generated by the photohydrogen fusion device into the kitchen / boiler room / baking room and other heating workshops for combustion and heating, thereby realizing the diversified utilization of energy and further improving the practicality and popularity of this technology.

[0037] In summary, this application demonstrates significant advantages in saving land resources, improving energy conversion efficiency, reducing the cost of hydrogen storage containers, reducing energy consumption, ensuring safety, and providing diversified energy utilization, and has extremely high promotion value and application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of a normal-pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank in the present application (Example 1).

[0039] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a medium-atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank.

[0040] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag used in a medium atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank.

[0041] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic storage and power generation system formed by connecting multiple atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tanks with water electrolysis hydrogen production devices, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen boosters and other devices.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a (box-type) atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank in the present application (Example 2).

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a medium-atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank.

[0044] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic storage and power generation system formed by connecting multiple atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tanks with water electrolysis hydrogen production devices, hydrogen fuel cells, hydrogen boosters and other devices.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag in the present application (Example 3) installed next to the photovoltaic panel.

[0046] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the current centralized photovoltaic panels used by people living in desert Gobi, far away from human habitation.

[0047] Fig.10This is a structural schematic diagram of a normal-pressure hydrogen bag in the present application (Example 4) installed in the idle space below the photovoltaic panel.

[0048] Fig.11 This is a structural schematic diagram of a normal-pressure hydrogen bag in the present application installed in a rigid shell and placed under a photovoltaic panel to replace a photovoltaic bracket to support and fix the photovoltaic panel.

[0049] Fig.12 For installation in Fig.11 Atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag in a medium rigid shell.

[0050] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a photohydrogen fusion device in the present application (Example 5).

[0051] Fig.14 for Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the photohydrogen fusion device.

[0052] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of a greenhouse-type photo-hydrogen fusion device in this application.

[0053] Fig.16 for Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a cross-section structure in .

[0054] Fig.17 A flexible protective jacket for normal pressure hydrogen bags.

[0055] Fig.18 This is a safety layout diagram of 20 atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tanks connected by hydrogen pipelines and located on the same plot.

[0056] Explanation of the accompanying figures: 1~photovoltaic panel, 2~normal pressure hydrogen bag, 3~hydrogen pipeline, 4~water electrolysis hydrogen generator, 5~hydrogen fuel cell, 6~protective layer, 7~hydrogen, 8~photohydrogen fusion device, 9~normal pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank, 10~idle land, 11~hydrogen hole, 12~hydrogen sensor, 13~buffer tank, 14~isolation layer, 15~rope, 16~photovoltaic wire, 17~power grid, 18~wire mesh, 19~air vent, 20~end cover, 21~base, 22~safety valve, 23~hydrogen booster, 24~spare empty bag, 25~photovoltaic bracket, 26~chimney, 27~flexible protective jacket and heavy objects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by this application easy to understand, this application is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0058] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "inner", etc. indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limitations on the present application.

[0059] It should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "placement", "connection", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances. Example

[0060] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Fig.18 As shown, a double-pass cement pipe (i.e., a rigid shell) with a diameter of 1.5 meters, a length of 3.5 meters, and a wall thickness of 50 mm is made as a protective layer 6, and three (flexible) photovoltaic panels 1 with an area of ​​1m×1.7m are attached to the surface of the upper half thereof, and an air bag with a diameter of 1.2 meters and a length of 3.2 meters is installed inside it as a normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2, and the hydrogen hole 11 pipe joint of the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 is passed through the air hole 19 pipe joint of the protective layer 6. In this way, a photovoltaic panel 1 (i.e., a power generation unit) and a normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 (i.e., an energy storage unit) for storing hydrogen 7 is made, which is composed of the photovoltaic panel 1, the protective layer 6, the end cover 20, the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2, the hydrogen hole 11, and the air hole 19, i.e., a normal-pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank 9. It can also be as follows Fig.11 , Fig.12 As shown, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 is installed in a cylinder formed by a rigid shell 6 and placed below the photovoltaic panel 1, and the cylinder is used instead of the photovoltaic bracket 25 to support and fix the photovoltaic panel 1, thereby forming a light hydrogen fusion device 8 that combines the photovoltaic panel 1 with the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 and its rigid shell 6. The atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 described in this application generally refers to a retractable container, such as a flexible air bag, a rubber dam bag, a bellows and other retractable containers. The air vent 19 is used to discharge the air between the protective layer 6 and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 when injecting hydrogen 7 into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2, so that the internal pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 is balanced with the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure difference should be less than 0.28MPa, preferably less than 0.015MPa.

[0061] like Figure 4As shown, a plurality of (e.g., at least 9) atmospheric hydrogen storage photovoltaic tanks 9 are connected to a water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4, a hydrogen fuel cell 5, a hydrogen booster 23 and other devices to form a light storage and power generation system, so that both ends of the atmospheric hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank 9 are connected to the water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4 and other hydrogen production equipment through a hydrogen pipeline 3 to achieve the preparation and transportation of hydrogen 7. When there is sufficient sunlight or surplus electricity, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels 1 in the light hydrogen fusion device 8 is supplied to the water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4 through the photovoltaic wires 16, and the generated hydrogen 7 is injected into a plurality of atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags 2 through the hydrogen pipeline 3 and stored at normal pressure.

[0062] Preferably, the safety height G of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 is between 0.25 and 8.25 meters (preferably G is between 2 and 4 meters), and the safety length C is between 3 and 55 meters. The reason for this setting is that, according to the average power generation efficiency of existing photovoltaic cells of 25%, according to the local peak sunshine hours, each square meter of photovoltaic panels can generate 1 kWh of electricity per day, and according to the existing technical level of electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, 1 kWh can produce 0.2 standard cubic meters of hydrogen 7. That is, a square meter of photovoltaic panels can only produce 0.2 standard cubic meters of hydrogen 7 with the electricity generated during one day. A 0.25-meter-high (or diameter) atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 can only store hydrogen 7 produced by the power generation on that day, and a 8.25-meter-high atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 can store hydrogen 7 produced by 41 days of power generation, which meets the needs of long-term energy storage.

[0063] Preferably, the design working pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 does not exceed 0.28MPa to ensure safe operation. Studies have shown that when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bag is higher than 0.28MPa, the cost of the bag (for example, using a retractable container such as an inflatable rubber dam as the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2) will increase significantly, the energy consumption of the compressed hydrogen 7 will also increase significantly, and it is easy to cause bursting and leakage. This application regards the safe working pressure of less than 0.28MPa that is not easy to cause bursting and leakage as normal pressure. That is, the normal pressure described in this application includes a low pressure of ≤0.28MPa.

[0064] Preferably, the hydrogen pipeline 3 is connected to a hydrogen fuel cell 5 system for generating electricity when there is no sunlight, so as to realize continuous and stable power supply to the power grid or electrical equipment.

[0065] Preferably, a chimney 26 is provided on the atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank 9 to discharge the (accidentally) leaked hydrogen 7 to a higher place to avoid contact with sparks generated by the (accidentally damaged and short-circuited) photovoltaic panels 1 and their photovoltaic wires 16, thereby preventing safety accidents such as fire.

[0066] Preferably, if Fig.15 , Fig.16 As shown, the photo-hydrogen fusion device 8 is designed to be a plurality of greenhouse-shaped photo-hydrogen fusion devices 8 . Example

[0067] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, a box with a width D of 4.8 meters, a height D of 2 meters, a length of 16 meters, and a wall thickness of 5 mm is processed as a protective layer 6, 28 (monocrystalline silicon) photovoltaic panels with an area of ​​1134mm×2382mm are installed on its upper surface, and a normal pressure hydrogen bag 2 with a width D of 4.5 meters, a height D of 1.6 meters, and a length of 15.5 meters is installed inside it, and the hydrogen hole 11 pipe joint of the normal pressure hydrogen bag 2 is passed through the air hole 19 pipe joint of the protective layer 6. In this way, a light hydrogen fusion device 8 consisting of a photovoltaic panel 1, a box-shaped protective layer 6, a rectangular normal pressure hydrogen bag 2, a hydrogen hole 11, and an air hole 19 is manufactured, specifically, a normal pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank 9.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tanks 9 are connected to water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4, hydrogen fuel cell 5, hydrogen booster 23 and other equipment through hydrogen pipeline 3 to realize the preparation and transportation of hydrogen 7. When there is sufficient sunlight or surplus electricity, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels 1 on the atmospheric pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank 9 is supplied to the water electrolysis hydrogen generator 4 through the photovoltaic wire 16, and the generated hydrogen 7 is injected into the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 through the hydrogen pipeline 3 and stored at normal pressure. When there is no sunlight, the hydrogen 7 can be released to generate electricity to realize continuous and stable power supply to the power grid or electrical appliances and other electrical equipment.

[0069] Preferably, a buffer tank 23 is connected between the hydrogen booster 13 and the hydrogen fuel cell 5 to stabilize the pressure of the hydrogen 7 and smoothly deliver it to the hydrogen fuel cell 5 for power generation.

[0070] Preferably, the normal pressure hydrogen bag 2 is connected with a check valve 22 capable of automatically releasing pressure, so as to prevent the pressure inside the bag from being higher than a predetermined value, thereby avoiding damage caused by high pressure or unexpected situations and ensuring safe operation of the system.

[0071] Preferably, the outlet of the safety valve 22 is connected to a spare empty bag 24 without gas inside, so as to recover the hydrogen 7 released by the safety valve 22, so as to avoid waste and danger. Of course, one of the normal pressure hydrogen bags 2 can also be used as a spare empty bag 24, so as to supply the recovered hydrogen 7 to the hydrogen fuel cell 5, thereby avoiding waste and causing safety accidents. Example

[0072] like Figure 8As shown, referring to the above embodiment, each atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 is installed in an 8-meter-wide gap next to each photovoltaic panel 1 that is 22 meters long, 5 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high at the lowest point (or in a nearby idle land 10 area), so that the photovoltaic panel 1 and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 constitute a light hydrogen fusion device 8 that complements each other and shares the same land. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic panel 1 does not completely block the sunlight of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2, and part of the sunlight above the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 is wasted, which will accelerate aging and damage the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2. The atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 only shares the same land, which is not the best embodiment in comparison. However, in specific implementation, the height of the photovoltaic panel 1 can be increased so that the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 is always in the shadow of the photovoltaic panel 1. In specific implementation, a large (for example, spherical) atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 can also be used and placed in an open area near the photovoltaic panel 1. If there is sufficient land and space, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 should be placed in an area with a certain safe distance from the photovoltaic panel 1 according to its volume: when the volume of a single bag is less than 200m³, the distance should be greater than 15 meters; when the volume of a single bag is 200-500m³, the distance should be greater than 30 meters; when the volume of a single bag is 500-2000m³ or above, the distance should be greater than 50 meters. Studies have shown that the safest and most economical volume of a single atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 does not exceed 2000m³. Example

[0073] like Fig.10 As shown, referring to the above embodiment, a normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 is made of a material with the same high strength and durability as the rubber dam bag, and the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 is directly installed in the idle area below the photovoltaic panel 1 without using a rigid shell 6. This innovative design enables the photovoltaic panel 1 and the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 to form a close complementary relationship in function and space, and jointly constructs a light-hydrogen fusion device 8 that efficiently utilizes land resources and realizes space sharing. This solution not only greatly improves the utilization rate of land and idle resources, but also effectively reduces the overall land use cost. In view of the fact that the rigid shell 6 is not used for protection in this solution, higher requirements are placed on the material selection of the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2. Therefore, the selected normal-pressure hydrogen bag material must have the following key characteristics: excellent corrosion resistance to resist erosion by environmental factors; high anti-aging ability to ensure that the performance can remain stable under long-term exposure to outdoor conditions; excellent impact resistance to cope with possible physical impacts; and extremely strong durability to ensure safe and reliable operation under various environmental conditions. Such material selection is the key to ensuring the long-term stable operation of the photohydrogen fusion device 8 and achieving efficient energy conversion. Example

[0074] like Fig.13 , Fig.14As shown, with reference to the above embodiment, a normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 is made of a material having the same high strength and durability as the rubber dam bag, and the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 is directly installed in the vacant area below the photovoltaic panel 1, and a steel mesh 18 is used as a rigid outer shell 6, and the mesh holes of the steel mesh 18 are used as air holes 19 to surround the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 from all sides to prevent accidental impacts from all sides, such as preventing wild animals from biting or attacking, so as to avoid damage and leakage of the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2.

[0075] It is desirable to provide a whole inclined insulating layer 14 between the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 and the photovoltaic cell panel 1 to guide the leaked hydrogen 7 to quickly rise and diffuse along the inclined insulating layer 14, avoid contact with the photovoltaic cell panel, and prevent fire.

[0076] Preferably, the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 is installed suspended from the ground to prevent mice or ants from climbing up and gnawing on the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 and causing damage and leakage.

[0077] Preferably, the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 is tied to the wire mesh 18 from all sides with ropes such as ropes 15 to prevent the wind from hitting the wire mesh 18 and the photovoltaic support 25 and causing damage and leakage.

[0078] Preferably, if Fig.17 As shown, a flexible protective jacket 27 containing tens to hundreds of kilograms of sand and other heavy objects is sewn with canvas, and the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 is put on a heavy coat to prevent the wind from blowing against the wire mesh 18 and the photovoltaic bracket 25 and causing damage and leakage. When the flexible protective jacket 27 weighing tens to hundreds of kilograms is pressed on the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2, the hydrogen 7 inside and outside the bag can form a positive pressure difference greater than 0.0001-0.01MPa, and the hydrogen 7 in the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 can automatically flow to the inlet of the hydrogen booster 13. In this way, the positive pressure in the bag can prevent the normal-pressure hydrogen bag 2 from inhaling air when a hole is accidentally broken, and can prevent oxygen from mixing in the bag and the tube, and can avoid the formation of explosion conditions and causing safety accidents. Of course, heavy materials (for example, self-weight ≥ 0.415kg / m 2 The normal pressure hydrogen bag 2 is made directly from the material of the bag, and the hydrogen 7 inside and outside the bag forms a positive pressure difference greater than 0.0001MPa by its own weight. 2 The material can be directly made into a normal pressure hydrogen bag 2, and the hydrogen 7 inside and outside the bag can form a positive pressure difference by relying on its own weight. 2 The material is better, with a deadweight of ≥1.6kg / m 2 The material is the best.

[0079] This innovative design enables the photovoltaic panel 1 and the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag 2 to form a close complementary relationship in terms of function and space, and jointly constructs a light-hydrogen fusion device 8 that efficiently utilizes land resources and realizes space sharing. This solution not only greatly improves the utilization rate of land and idle resources, but also effectively reduces the overall land use cost; it also shares the cost of the photovoltaic bracket 25 and the base 21.

[0080] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application. The drawings are merely schematic structural diagrams and are not drawn according to the actual size ratio. They cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present application. Equivalent changes made based on the claims of the present application still fall within the scope covered by the present application.

Claims

1. A method for storing solar and hydrogen energy, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: ①Storing hydrogen at normal pressure—— A normal pressure hydrogen bag is used as a hydrogen container to store normal pressure gaseous hydrogen; ② Sharing of ground and air resources—— Deploy atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags in the idle space below photovoltaic panels, and use photovoltaic panels as sunshades to provide shade and rain protection for atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags and prevent impact from falling objects from above, thereby forming a light-hydrogen fusion device to achieve efficient use and sharing of land and space resources, thereby reducing land and space use costs; Alternatively, atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags can be deployed in the idle spaces next to photovoltaic panels to form a light-hydrogen fusion device, achieving efficient use and sharing of land and idle resources to reduce land and space use costs; ③ Hydrogen transportation and storage—— Through the hydrogen pipeline network, a hydrogen production device is connected to multiple normal-pressure hydrogen bags to form a one-to-many supply-storage relationship, and the newly produced hydrogen is transported to each normal-pressure hydrogen bag for separate storage; ④Distributed safe hydrogen storage—— Distribute n≥3 light-hydrogen fusion devices in the same plot, and ensure that the safety distance L between adjacent atmospheric pressure hydrogen bags is not less than 1 meter, so as to form a distributed safe hydrogen storage pattern to prevent a chain reaction caused by a single atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag failure; ⑤Conversion of electrical energy into hydrogen energy—— Multiple photovoltaic panels are electrically connected to a hydrogen production device through photovoltaic wires to form a many-to-one power supply relationship, and the electrical energy is converted into hydrogen and stored for use in generating electricity or supplying furnaces / stoves for combustion when there is no sunlight.

2. The solar-hydrogen co-energy storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: By utilizing the hydrogen pipeline network, multiple normal-pressure hydrogen bags are connected to a hydrogen fuel power generation device to form a many-to-one hydrogen supply relationship, realize the recycling and centralized use of hydrogen, and provide continuous and sufficient fuel for the hydrogen fuel power generation device to ensure continuous and stable power generation even during periods without sunshine.

3. The solar-hydrogen energy storage method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydrogen production device is a water electrolysis hydrogen generator, and the hydrogen fuel power generation device is a hydrogen fuel cell; alternatively, a protective layer is arranged around the normal-pressure hydrogen bag, so that the two form a hydrogen energy storage device that is soft inside and strong outside to prevent accidental impacts from all sides, so as to avoid damage and leakage of the normal-pressure hydrogen bag.

4. The solar-hydrogen energy storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell panel, the protective layer, the normal-pressure hydrogen bag, the hydrogen pores and the air vents together constitute a normal-pressure hydrogen storage photovoltaic tank.

5. The solar-hydrogen co-energy storage method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The design working pressure of the atmospheric pressure hydrogen bag shall not exceed 0.28MPa or 0.015MPa or 0.01MPa, so that the hydrogen in the bag forms a positive pressure, preventing air from accidentally entering the bag and causing safety accidents, avoiding compression energy consumption, reducing hydrogen leakage rate and extending service life.

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