A sensor layout method and system for debris flow warning

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning, and particularly to a method and system for arranging sensors for debris flow early warning. The method includes: determining the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow to determine the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal, determining the corresponding sensor installation positions in combination with the three-dimensional geological map, installing the corresponding sensors and conducting communication tests, determining whether there is signal confusion between various sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation positions, obtaining rainfall data within the early warning range in real time, and determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data; processing the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of the debris flow. By reasonably arranging sensors, the present invention can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of debris flow early warning and provide strong support for disaster prevention and control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster monitoring and early warning, and particularly to a method and system for arranging sensors for debris flow early warning. Background Art

[0002] Debris flow is a geological disaster with powerful destructive power, often causing huge losses to human life, property and infrastructure; timely and accurately locating the occurrence position of debris flow is crucial for disaster early warning and rescue work. The infrasound monitoring technology has received extensive attention in the field of debris flow location due to its advantages such as long propagation distance, small attenuation, and ability to bypass obstacles. However, there are some problems in the existing debris flow location system based on infrasound monitoring, including: the layout of the sensor network is not reasonable enough, resulting in insufficient ability to capture debris flow infrasound signals, and there may be monitoring blind spots in some areas; there is no effective collaborative working mechanism between sensors, the data transmission efficiency is low, and it is easily affected by external interference; at the same time, the existing sensor network is difficult to adapt to complex and changeable environmental conditions, and the monitoring performance is unstable under different terrain and meteorological conditions. These problems seriously affect the accuracy and reliability of debris flow location, and limit the effect of infrasound monitoring technology in practical applications.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN103778345B discloses a method for screening debris flow infrasound signals, a method for locating the occurrence place of debris flow, and a method for real-time monitoring of the movement path of debris flow. Aiming at the defects in the existing infrasound location such as no signal screening, low signal recognition accuracy, and inability to accurately locate coordinates, the present invention provides a method for screening debris flow infrasound signals. This method first excludes background noise interference through four indicators: signal duration, signal correlation, signal dominant frequency, and sound pressure, and then adopts the method of mainly analyzing the first abnormal signal and referring to the subsequent abnormal signals for analysis. The method of processing the signals collected by multiple sensors in two paths simultaneously ensures the accuracy and efficiency of screening debris flow occurrence signals. Based on this signal screening method, the present invention also provides a method for locating the occurrence of debris flow, which can accurately locate the coordinate position of the debris flow occurrence site, and further provides a method for real-time monitoring of the movement path of debris flow, which can realize the visual real-time monitoring of debris flow. Thus, the existing technology has the following problems:

[0004] The layout of the sensor network is unreasonable and vulnerable to external interference, thus affecting the accuracy and reliability of debris flow location. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a method and system for arranging sensors for debris flow early warning to overcome the problems in the existing technology that the layout of the sensor network is unreasonable and vulnerable to external interference, thus affecting the accuracy and reliability of debris flow location.

[0006] To achieve the above object, on the one hand, the present invention provides a method for arranging sensors for debris flow early warning, including:

[0007] Obtain the three-dimensional geological map, the number of historical debris flows and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow within the early warning range;

[0008] Determine the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow;

[0009] Determine the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process;

[0010] Determine the corresponding sensor installation positions according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map;

[0011] Install the corresponding sensors according to the determined installation positions of various sensors and conduct communication tests;

[0012] Determine whether there is signal confusion between various sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation positions;

[0013] Obtain the rainfall data within the early warning range in real time, and determine the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data;

[0014] Process the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of the debris flow.

[0015] Further, the process of determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process includes,

[0016] Determine the movement characteristics and movement information of the debris flow according to the debris flow simulation process, and input the movement information into the acoustic simulation software to determine the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal;

[0017] Among them, the movement characteristics include the movement path and the influence range, and the propagation characteristics include the propagation speed and the attenuation rate.

[0018] Further, the process of determining the sensor installation positions according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map includes,

[0019] Determine the positions where the sensors are to be installed according to the movement characteristics and the propagation characteristics;

[0020] Screen the sensor installation positions according to the topographic and geological characteristics of the positions where the sensors are to be installed.

[0021] Further, the process of determining the position where the sensor is to be installed according to the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics includes: determining the predicted path and the predicted range of the debris flow within the early warning range according to the motion characteristics of each debris flow simulation process;

[0022] determining the sensor layout range according to the predicted range and the predicted path of the debris flow;

[0023] determining the installation characterization trend of each feature point position within the sensor layout range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process;

[0024] determining the corresponding feature point position as the position where the sensor is to be installed according to the determination result that the installation characterization trend is a suitable installation trend.

[0025] Further, determining the installation characterization trend of each feature point position within the sensor layout range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process includes:

[0026] if the propagation speed of a single feature point position is greater than or equal to the preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate, then determining that the installation characterization trend of this feature point position is a suitable installation trend;

[0027] if the propagation speed of a single feature point position is less than the preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is less than the preset attenuation rate, then determining that the installation characterization trend of this feature point position is an unsuitable installation trend.

[0028] Further, the process of screening the sensor installation positions according to the topographic characteristics and the geological characteristics of the positions where the sensor is to be installed includes:

[0029] determining the topographic data and the geological data corresponding to each position where the sensor is to be installed according to the three-dimensional geological map;

[0030] determining the installation characterization state of the corresponding position where the sensor is to be installed according to the topographic data and the geological data, where

[0031] if the topographic data and the geological data of the position where the sensor is to be installed meet the installation conditions, then determining that this position where the sensor is to be installed is in a suitable installation state;

[0032] if the topographic data and the geological data of the position where the sensor is to be installed do not meet the installation conditions, then determining that this position where the sensor is to be installed is in an unsuitable installation state;

[0033] marking the positions where the sensor is to be installed in a suitable installation state as the sensor installation positions.

[0034] Further, the process of determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation positions includes:

[0035] Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signals of various sensors to determine the corresponding correlation trend;

[0036] Determine whether there is a tendency of confusion according to whether there is a sudden peak in the time-domain waveform diagram corresponding to the infrasonic wave sensor signal;

[0037] Determine that there is signal confusion according to the correlation trend and the determination result of the tendency of confusion, and determine to optimize the installation position;

[0038] Among them, the correlation trend includes a correlation trend and an uncorrelated trend.

[0039] Furthermore, the process of determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data includes,

[0040] Determine the high-incidence time period of debris flow according to the debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data;

[0041] Determine the debris flow monitoring time period according to the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period, where,

[0042] If the rainfall data in any sub-time period in the non-high-incidence time period exceeds the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period includes the corresponding sub-time period and the high-incidence time period;

[0043] If the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period does not exceed the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period is the high-incidence time period;

[0044] Determine the current debris flow tendency according to the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, where,

[0045] If the current time is within the debris flow monitoring time period, it is determined that the current debris flow tendency is the occurrence tendency;

[0046] If the current time is not within the debris flow monitoring time period, it is determined that the current debris flow tendency is the non-occurrence tendency;

[0047] Among them, the rainfall reference value is determined according to the average rainfall of the historical debris flow data.

[0048] Furthermore, the high-incidence time period is from the earliest debris flow occurrence time to the latest debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data;

[0049] Among them, the early or late time of debris flow occurrence is determined according to the month and date of the occurrence time.

[0050] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a sensor arrangement system for debris flow warning, including:

[0051] The data acquisition module includes a big data search unit for obtaining a three-dimensional geological map, the number of historical debris flows, and historical debris flow data of each debris flow within the early warning range, an internet search unit for real-time obtaining rainfall data within the early warning range, and a sensor unit for obtaining sensor transmission signals;

[0052] The process simulation module is connected to the data acquisition module, and is used for determining the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow, and determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process;

[0053] The simulation analysis module is connected to the process simulation module, and is used for determining the sensor installation positions according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics, and the three-dimensional geological map, performing communication tests after installing sensors according to the determined sensor installation positions, and determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation positions;

[0054] The data analysis module is connected to the data acquisition module, and is used for determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data, and processing the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of the debris flow.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows. The method for arranging sensors for debris flow early warning provided by the present invention scientifically simulates the debris flow movement process from multiple dimensions through professional numerical simulation software, accurately presents its flow velocity, flow direction, inundation range, etc., considers various complex factors and truly restores the historical situation, providing a scientific basis for determining the sensor installation positions; secondly, based on the debris flow movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics of infrasound waves and seismic waves, and the three-dimensional geological map, the sensor installation positions are reasonably determined, and are arranged respectively according to the different propagation characteristics of infrasound wave sensors and seismic wave sensors, improving the monitoring effectiveness; thirdly, communication tests are carried out after installation, and the signal confusion situation is judged according to the test results and the installation positions are optimized to ensure stable signal transmission; at the same time, rainfall data is obtained in real time, combined with historical debris flow data to judge the current debris flow tendency, and the transmission signals of the sensors are processed targeted according to the tendency to give an early warning, avoiding false alarms, effectively improving the timeliness and accuracy of the early warning, and providing strong support for the prevention and control of debris flow disasters;

[0056] Furthermore, by combining the movement characteristics of debris flows and the propagation characteristics of infrasound waves and seismic waves respectively, the positions to be installed for infrasound sensors and seismic sensors are determined. This process fully considers the dynamic characteristics during the occurrence of debris flows and the propagation laws of different types of wave signals, making the initial positioning of the sensors more targeted and scientific, providing a key foundation for subsequent effective monitoring of debris flow-related signals. In addition, based on the topographical and geological characteristics of the positions to be installed, the sensor installation positions are further screened, and considerations are made separately for infrasound sensors and seismic sensors. This approach fully takes into account the impact of the actual geographical environment on the monitoring effect of the sensors, ensuring that the selected positions not only conform to the signal propagation characteristics but also adapt to the actual terrain and geological conditions, avoiding poor monitoring effects of the sensors caused by complex terrain or unstable geology. Thus, it greatly improves the rationality and effectiveness of the sensor installation positions, enhancing the reliability and stability of the entire debris flow warning system;

[0057] Furthermore, by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signals of infrasound sensors and seismic sensors to determine the correlation trend, the degree of association between signals can be evaluated from a quantitative perspective, and scientific data can be used to judge whether there is a strong correlation between signals, providing an objective basis for subsequent judgment of signal confusion. At the same time, according to whether there are sudden peaks in the time-domain waveform diagram corresponding to the signals of infrasound sensors to determine the confusion tendency, by using the different waveform characteristics of infrasound waves and seismic waves in the time domain and comparing them with the normal waveform database, the abnormality of the signals can be effectively identified, thereby discovering possible signal confusion situations. By synthesizing the determination results of the correlation trend and the confusion tendency, it can accurately determine whether there is signal confusion between sensors and decide whether to optimize the installation positions accordingly. This series of operations ensures the independence and accuracy of the signals collected by the sensors, avoids misjudgment caused by signal confusion, improves the reliability and stability of the debris flow warning system, makes the warning information more accurate and effective, and provides a strong guarantee for the prevention of debris flow disasters;

[0058] Furthermore, by analyzing the occurrence time in historical debris flow data, the high-incidence time period of debris flows can be accurately delimited, which provides a basic time reference for subsequent judgment of the possibility of debris flow occurrence. When determining the debris flow monitoring time period, the rainfall data in non-high-incidence time periods is combined with the rainfall reference value for judgment, taking into account the key factor of rainfall that triggers debris flows. If the rainfall data in a non-high-incidence time period exceeds the reference value, the corresponding sub-time period is included in the monitoring scope to make the monitoring more comprehensive. If it does not exceed, the high-incidence time period is used as the monitoring period, which not only ensures the pertinence of the monitoring but also avoids unnecessary over-monitoring. Finally, based on the relationship between the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, the current debris flow tendency is determined, enabling timely and accurate judgment of the possibility of debris flow occurrence. This method that comprehensively considers historical data and real-time rainfall conditions greatly improves the scientificity and effectiveness of debris flow early warning, helps to take preventive measures in advance, and reduces the possible losses caused by debris flow disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 It is a step diagram of the sensor arrangement method for debris flow early warning according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 It is a process diagram for determining the sensor installation position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 3 It is a process diagram for determining whether to optimize the installation position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 It is a connection diagram of the sensor arrangement system for debris flow early warning according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0063] In order to make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0064] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0065] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms indicating directions or positional relationships such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is only for convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0066] In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 1 as shown, which is a step diagram of the sensor layout method for debris flow warning in an embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a sensor layout method for debris flow warning, including:

[0068] Step S1, obtaining a three-dimensional geological map, the number of historical debris flows, and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow within the warning range; it can be understood that the three-dimensional geological map is a three-dimensional map that comprehensively includes all topographic information, geomorphic information, and geological information within the warning range; in practice, if there is a comprehensively completed three-dimensional geological map, it is directly used, and if there is no comprehensively completed three-dimensional geological map, the topographic map, geomorphic information, and geological information of each location within the warning range are respectively obtained and these information are fused to form a three-dimensional geological map;

[0069] In practice, the historical debris flow data of each debris flow includes all data recorded such as the debris flow occurrence time, debris flow end time, and rainfall at the time of occurrence.

[0070] Step S2, determining the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; in practice, the debris flow simulation process is determined through professional numerical simulation software;

[0071] It can be understood that professional numerical simulation software for simulating historical debris flow processes includes: (1) FLO-2D, which is a software widely used for simulating geological disasters such as floods and debris flows. Based on the finite difference method, it can simulate two-dimensional water flow and sediment transport. This software can relatively accurately simulate the movement process of debris flow, including the flow velocity, flow direction, inundation range, etc. of debris flow. In addition, it can consider different terrain conditions, boundary conditions, and material properties to relatively realistically restore historical debris flow situations. It is applicable to debris flow simulations of various scales and can effectively simulate and analyze debris flow disasters in small debris flow gullies in mountainous areas or large river basins. (2) RAMMS, which is mainly used for simulating rapidly moving gravity flows such as avalanches, debris flows, and rockfalls. This software adopts advanced physical models and can consider the influence of various factors on the movement of debris flow. It has advantages in simulating the movement of debris flow under complex terrain, can accurately simulate the flow, deposition, and erosion processes of debris flow in different terrains and landforms, and can handle different types of debris flows, including viscous debris flows and dilute debris flows. It is particularly applicable to debris flow simulations under complex terrain conditions in mountainous areas and is of great value for studying historical debris flow disasters that occurred in mountainous areas. (3) DAN-3D, which is a three-dimensional landslide and debris flow dynamics simulation software. Based on the Lagrangian method, it can detailedly simulate the movement process of landslides and debris flows. This software can simulate the movement of debris flow in three-dimensional space, consider the influence of terrain undulation and slope changes on the movement of debris flow, and can simulate the entire process of the initiation, movement, and deposition of debris flow, outputting rich simulation results, such as the distribution of the thickness, velocity, energy, etc. of debris flow. It is applicable to in-depth research on the movement process of debris flow and is of great significance for analyzing the causes and influence ranges of historical debris flow disasters.

[0072] Step S3, determine the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process; it can be understood that the fluctuation signal includes infrasonic signals and seismic wave signals;

[0073] Step S4. Determine the corresponding sensor installation positions according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics, and the 3D geological map. It can be understood that infrasound mainly propagates through the air medium. When a debris flow occurs, the interaction between the debris flow and the surrounding air generates infrasound, which diffuses in all directions in the air. The state of the air (such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, etc.) has a great influence on the propagation of infrasound. For example, in warm and humid air, the propagation characteristics of infrasound may be different from those in cold and dry air. Seismic waves mainly propagate through solid media (such as soil, rock, etc.). The movement of the debris flow causes the vibration of the surrounding rock and soil masses, thereby generating seismic waves and propagating in the solid media. Different types of rocks and soils have different physical properties, which will significantly affect the propagation of seismic waves. For example, there are obvious differences in the propagation characteristics of seismic waves in hard rocks and soft soils. In addition, infrasound sensors should be installed in open and unobstructed places to reduce the influence of obstacles on the propagation of infrasound. (For example, when monitoring debris flows in a valley, it is recommended to install the sensors in the open area of the valley and avoid installing them near buildings, forests, etc.). Seismic wave sensors should be buried underground to a certain depth, generally recommended to be buried at a depth of about 0.5 meters to 1 meter. Burying underground can make the sensors better contact with the ground, improve the sensing ability of seismic waves, and ensure that the soil around the sensors is compacted to ensure the stability of signal transmission.

[0074] Therefore, in implementation, the propagation characteristics of infrasound signals and seismic wave signals are different, resulting in different choices of their installation positions. Therefore: (1) Determine the installation positions of infrasound sensors according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics of infrasound signals, and the 3D geological map; (2) Determine the installation positions of seismic wave sensors according to the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics of seismic wave signals, and the 3D geological map.

[0075] Step S5. Install the corresponding sensors according to the determined installation positions of various sensors and conduct communication tests.

[0076] Step S6. Determine whether there is signal confusion between various sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation positions.

[0077] Step S7. Real-time obtain rainfall data within the early warning range, and determine the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data.

[0078] Step S8. Process the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of debris flows. It can be understood that giving an early warning of debris flows according to the transmission signals of seismic wave sensors and infrasound sensors is an existing technology, so it will not be elaborated here. In implementation, if the current debris flow tendency is non-occurrence tendency, only collect the transmission signals of each sensor but do not process them and do not trigger an early warning.

[0079] Specifically, in step S3, the process of determining the movement characteristics of debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process includes:

[0080] Determining the movement characteristics and movement information of the debris flow according to the debris flow simulation process, and inputting the movement information into acoustic simulation software to determine the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal;

[0081] Among them, the movement characteristics include the movement path and the influence range, the propagation characteristics include the propagation speed and the attenuation rate, and the movement information includes all the debris flow-related information that can be obtained by the simulation software, such as the flow velocity, flow direction, and accumulation range of the debris flow.

[0082] It can be understood that the acoustic simulation software includes: (1) COMSOL Multiphysics, a multi-physics simulation software with a powerful acoustic module. It can simulate various acoustic phenomena including infrasound, support complex geometric models and various boundary conditions; in the acoustic simulation of debris flow, it can comprehensively consider the influence of factors such as terrain and meteorology on sound propagation and conduct high-precision simulation analysis; (2) LMS Virtual.Lab Acoustics, a simulation software focusing on the acoustic field, providing rich acoustic analysis functions. It can conduct detailed frequency analysis, sound radiation simulation, etc. on the sound generated by debris flow. The software has an intuitive user interface and an efficient solver, and can quickly and accurately obtain simulation results; at the same time, it supports data interaction with other engineering software, facilitating multi-disciplinary joint analysis; (3) Raynoise, with the ray tracing method as the core algorithm, is good at simulating the propagation and reflection of sound in complex environments; it has unique advantages in the acoustic simulation of debris flow in complex terrains such as mountains. It can quickly calculate parameters such as the propagation path, reflection times, and energy attenuation of sound, and intuitively display the distribution of sound in space. The software also provides a rich material library and acoustic models, facilitating users to set up simulations for different scenarios.

[0083] In implementation, these professional numerical simulation software are coupled with specialized acoustic simulation software. For example, first use FLO-2D, RAMMS or DAN-3D to simulate the movement process of debris flow, and then import the relevant movement results into COMSOL Multiphysics and combine with the acoustic model to simulate the propagation characteristics of infrasound; through this multi-software coupling method, the simulation of the propagation characteristics of infrasound / seismic waves during the debris flow process can be achieved to a certain extent.

[0084] Please refer to Figure 2As shown, it is a process diagram for determining the sensor installation position in an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, in step S4, the process of determining the sensor installation position based on the motion characteristics, the propagation characteristics, and the three-dimensional geological map includes

[0085] Step S41, determining the positions where the sensors are to be installed based on the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics; In implementation, step S41 includes two parts: (1) determining the positions where the infrasonic sensors are to be installed based on the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics of the infrasonic waves; (2) determining the positions where the seismic sensors are to be installed based on the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics of the seismic waves;

[0086] Step S42, screening the sensor installation positions according to the topographical and geological characteristics of the positions where the sensors are to be installed; In implementation, step S42 includes two parts: (1) screening the installation positions of the infrasonic sensors according to the topographical and geological characteristics of the positions where the infrasonic sensors are to be installed; (2) screening the installation positions of the seismic sensors according to the topographical and geological characteristics of the positions where the seismic sensors are to be installed.

[0087] Specifically, in step S41, the process of determining the positions where the sensors are to be installed based on the motion characteristics and the propagation characteristics includes

[0088] Step S411, determining the predicted paths and the predicted scope of debris flows within the early warning scope based on the motion characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; It can be understood that the predicted scope of debris flows is the possible influence scope during the simulation process, and the predicted path of debris flows is the specific path during the simulation process; that is, it can be understood that the predicted scope of debris flows should be larger than the scope of the predicted path; In implementation, the predicted path of debris flows within the early warning scope is the sum of the simulation paths of all debris flow simulation processes, that is, the simulation paths of each debris flow simulation process are different, and the collection of the simulation paths of each debris flow simulation process is the predicted path of debris flows; the predicted scope of debris flows within the early warning scope is the total influence scope of all debris flow simulation processes, that is, the size of the influence scope of each debris flow simulation process is different, and the collection of the influence scopes of each debris flow simulation process is the predicted scope of debris flows;

[0089] Step S412, determining the sensor layout scope based on the predicted scope of debris flows and the predicted path of debris flows; It can be understood that the predicted scope of debris flows includes the predicted path of debris flows and the sensor layout scope; In implementation, there is no overlap between the predicted path of debris flows and the sensor layout scope;

[0090] Step S413, determining the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; in implementation, a K-means clustering method is used to determine a number of characteristic point positions within the sensor arrangement range, and the corresponding installation characterization trend is determined according to the propagation characteristics of each characteristic point position; it can be understood that the number of characteristic point positions can be adjusted by adjusting the K value (the number of characteristic point positions = K value), generally, K≥5, preferably, K=10; it can be understood that the K-means clustering method is a prior art and will not be described in detail;

[0091] Step S414: according to the determination result that the installation characterization trend is a suitable installation trend, the corresponding feature point position is determined as the position to be installed of the sensor.

[0092] Specifically, in step S413, the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor arrangement range is determined according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process, including:

[0093] If the propagation velocity of a single feature point is greater than or equal to the preset propagation velocity and the attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate, then the installation characterization trend of the feature point is determined to be a suitable installation trend. In implementation, (1) when determining the installation characterization trend of a seismic wave sensor: if the seismic wave propagation velocity of a single feature point is greater than or equal to the preset propagation velocity of the seismic wave and the seismic wave attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate of the seismic wave, then the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor at the feature point is determined to be a suitable installation trend. (2) when determining the installation characterization trend of an infrasound wave sensor: if the infrasound wave propagation velocity of a single feature point is greater than or equal to the preset propagation velocity of the infrasound wave and the infrasound wave attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate of the infrasound wave, then the installation characterization trend of the infrasound wave sensor at the feature point is determined to be a suitable installation trend.

[0094] If the propagation speed of a single feature point position is less than a preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is less than a preset attenuation rate, the installation characterization trend of the feature point position is determined to be a trend that is not suitable for installation.

[0095] It can be understood that the attenuation rate is the ratio of the signal strength at the current feature point position to the initial signal strength. The attenuation rate reflects the relative speed at which the signal attenuates during the propagation process. It is a quantitative indicator. When conducting quantitative analysis of signal attenuation, especially when comparing the attenuation in different areas and under different conditions, the attenuation rate can more accurately express the degree of attenuation.

[0096] It can be understood that in step S413, it is necessary to determine the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization trend of the infrasonic wave sensor respectively; if any one of the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization trend of the infrasonic wave sensor is a suitable installation trend, it is determined that the position of this feature point is a position to be installed; if both the installation characterization trend of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization trend of the infrasonic wave sensor are unsuitable installation trends, it is determined that the position of this feature point is not a position to be installed;

[0097] In implementation, for the position of a single feature point, it can be shown whether it is a position to be installed and what kind of position to be installed; in one implementation, the feature point position A is the position to be installed for the infrasonic wave sensor, the feature point position B is the position to be installed for the seismic wave sensor, and the feature point position C is the position to be installed for both the infrasonic wave sensor and the seismic wave sensor;

[0098] In implementation, the initial signal intensity and the signal intensity change within the debris flow prediction range can be determined according to the acoustic simulation software.

[0099] It can be understood that when infrasonic waves propagate in the air, their attenuation rate is relatively small and the propagation distance is relatively long; this is because the viscosity and absorption of the air are relatively weak. As long as there are no strong obstacles or special meteorological conditions, infrasonic waves can propagate a long distance. However, during the propagation process, infrasonic waves will be affected by factors such as terrain and buildings. When encountering obstacles such as mountains and large buildings, reflection, refraction, and scattering will occur, resulting in energy loss and attenuation; when seismic waves propagate in solid media, the attenuation rate is relatively large. During the propagation process, seismic waves will interact with the surrounding rock and soil masses, such as friction and deformation, consuming a large amount of energy; moreover, the attenuation of seismic waves is also related to factors such as the propagation distance and the degree of rock fragmentation. The farther the propagation distance and the more fragmented the rock, the more obvious the attenuation of seismic waves; therefore, the preset attenuation rate of seismic waves < the preset attenuation rate of infrasonic waves; generally, the preset attenuation rate of infrasonic waves ∈ [0.85, 0.95], and the preset attenuation rate of seismic waves ∈ [0.5, 0.8]; preferably, the preset attenuation rate of infrasonic waves is 0.9, and the preset attenuation rate of seismic waves is 0.65;

[0100] It is understandable that the propagation speed of infrasound in air is approximately 340 m / s, but it is affected by factors such as air temperature and humidity. Generally speaking, the higher the temperature, the faster the propagation speed of infrasound. The increase in humidity may also affect its propagation speed to a certain extent, but the influence is relatively small compared to that of temperature. The propagation speed of seismic waves is much more complex than that of infrasound and is usually faster than the propagation speed of infrasound in air. Seismic waves include different types such as longitudinal waves (P-waves) and transverse waves (S-waves). The propagation speed of longitudinal waves is relatively fast, generally 5 km / s - 7 km / s, and the propagation speed of transverse waves is relatively slow, about 3 km / s - 4 km / s. For the wave (surface wave) synthesized by the transverse and longitudinal waves of seismic waves, the wave speed value range is generally three-quarters of that of transverse waves, about 2.25 km / s - 3 km / s. Therefore, the preset propagation speed of infrasound ≥ 0.9 × 340 m / s, and the preset propagation speed of seismic waves ≥ 0.9 × the average value of the initial seismic wave surface wave speeds of each historical debris flow. Preferably, the preset propagation speed of infrasound = 0.95 × 340 m / s, and the preset propagation speed of seismic waves = 0.95 × the average value of the initial seismic wave surface wave speeds of each historical debris flow.

[0101] It is understandable that in step S41, by integrating the motion characteristics of each debris flow simulation process, the prediction path and prediction range of the debris flow within the early warning range are accurately delimited, providing a clear regional basis for the layout of sensors. Moreover, by reasonably distinguishing the prediction path and the layout range, unnecessary overlapping interference is avoided. The K-means clustering method is used to determine the positions of multiple feature points within the sensor layout range, and the installation representation trend is determined based on the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process. This method effectively quantifies the suitability of the feature points for installation. By setting preset values for the propagation speed and attenuation rate to determine the installation representation trend, considering the differences in the propagation characteristics of infrasound and seismic waves, different preset values are set for the two respectively, improving the accuracy of the determination. This step can accurately screen out the positions of feature points suitable for installing sensors, providing scientific and accurate positioning for the subsequent installation of sensors, greatly enhancing the rationality and effectiveness of the sensor layout in the debris flow early warning system, helping to more efficiently monitor debris flow-related signals, and laying a solid foundation for the debris flow early warning work.

[0102] Specifically, in step S42, the process of screening the sensor installation positions according to the topographic and geological characteristics of the to-be-installed positions includes,

[0103] Step S421, determining the topographic data and geological data corresponding to each to-be-installed position according to the three-dimensional geological map;

[0104] Step S422, determining the installation representation state of the corresponding to-be-installed position according to the topographic data and the geological data, where,

[0105] If the terrain data and the geological data of the to-be-installed position meet the installation conditions, then it is determined that the to-be-installed position is in a suitable installation state;

[0106] If the terrain data and the geological data of the to-be-installed position do not meet the installation conditions, then it is determined that the to-be-installed position is in an unsuitable installation state;

[0107] It can be understood that: (1) If the to-be-installed position is only the to-be-installed position of the infrasonic wave sensor, then it is only necessary to determine whether it meets the installation conditions of the infrasonic wave sensor; (2) If the to-be-installed position is only the to-be-installed position of the seismic wave sensor, then it is only necessary to determine whether it meets the installation conditions of the seismic wave sensor; (3) If the to-be-installed position is both the to-be-installed position of the seismic wave sensor and the to-be-installed position of the infrasonic wave sensor, then it is necessary to determine whether it meets the installation conditions of the seismic wave sensor and whether it meets the installation conditions of the infrasonic wave sensor; At this time, meeting any one of the installation conditions is recorded as a suitable installation state, and not meeting both installation conditions is recorded as an unsuitable installation state;

[0108] In implementation, the installation conditions include the installation conditions of the seismic wave sensor and the installation conditions of the infrasonic wave sensor; among them, the installation condition of the infrasonic wave sensor is that there is no obstruction within a radius of 5 meters of the to-be-installed position, and the installation condition of the seismic wave sensor is that the straight-line distance between the to-be-installed position and the predicted path of debris flow is less than 15 meters and the geological conditions are stable. The determination of whether the geological conditions are stable is prior art and there are already relatively mature methods and systems, so it will not be elaborated here.

[0109] Step S423, mark the to-be-installed position in a suitable installation state as the sensor installation position; In implementation, if the to-be-installed position is the to-be-installed position of the infrasonic wave sensor and the seismic wave sensor, then it is necessary to respectively determine the installation characterization state of the seismic wave sensor and the installation characterization state of the infrasonic wave sensor; If any one of the installation characterization states of the seismic wave sensor and the infrasonic wave sensor is in a suitable installation state, then it is determined that the to-be-installed position is the sensor installation position, and determine whether it is the seismic wave sensor installation position and / or the infrasonic wave sensor installation position according to the conditions it meets; If the installation characterization states of the seismic wave sensor and the infrasonic wave sensor are both in an unsuitable installation state, then it is determined that the characteristic point position is not the sensor installation position.

[0110] It is understandable that when screening the sensor installation locations in step S42, by referring to the three-dimensional geological map to obtain the detailed topographic data and geological data corresponding to each location to be installed, a comprehensive and accurate information basis is provided for subsequent evaluation; based on these data, for the locations to be installed with different types of sensors, the installation representation status is determined according to their respective installation conditions, and this targeted determination method improves the accuracy and rationality of screening; for infrasound sensors, having no obstruction within a radius of 5 meters is used as the installation condition to ensure that the received signals are unobstructed; for seismic wave sensors, it is required that the straight-line distance from the debris flow prediction path is less than 15 meters and the geological conditions are stable, ensuring the effective monitoring of seismic wave signals and the stable operation of the sensors; when the location to be installed involves both types of sensors at the same time, by separately judging the installation representation status of the two types of sensors and determining whether it is finally a sensor installation location and the specific type according to the rules, the layout of the sensors is further optimized; this step effectively excludes unsuitable installation locations, accurately screens out suitable installation locations and marks them clearly, greatly improving the scientificity and reliability of the selection of sensor installation locations, making the layout of sensors in the debris flow early warning system more reasonable, thereby enhancing the ability of the entire early warning system to monitor debris flow signals and providing a strong guarantee for timely and accurate issuance of debris flow warnings.

[0111] In step S5, corresponding sensors are installed according to the nature of the sensor installation locations (seismic wave sensor installation locations and / or infrasound sensor installation locations).

[0112] Please refer to Figure 3 as shown, which is a process diagram for determining whether to optimize the installation location in an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, in step S6, the process of determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation location includes,

[0113] Step S61, calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signals of various sensors (in implementation, referring to infrasound sensors and seismic wave sensors) to determine the corresponding correlation trend; it is understandable that the calculation of the Pearson correlation coefficient is a prior art and will not be elaborated here; in implementation, if the calculated Pearson correlation coefficient is greater than or equal to 0.7, the correlation trend is determined to be a relevant trend;

[0114] Step S62: Determine whether there is a tendency of signal confusion based on whether there are mutation peaks in the time-domain waveform diagram corresponding to the infrasonic sensor signals. It can be understood that under normal circumstances, the infrasonic signals and seismic signals have different waveform characteristics in the time domain: the infrasonic waves have a low frequency, relatively smooth waveforms, and long periods; due to the complex sources of seismic waves, the waveforms are more complex, and different types of seismic waves (such as P-waves and S-waves) will cause different vibration responses when they arrive. If there is signal confusion, abnormalities will occur in the time-domain waveform, such as irregular fluctuations and mutations in the originally stable infrasonic waveform; in implementation, when there is no confusion normally, the waveforms collected by the infrasonic sensor are stable, and the waveforms collected by the seismic sensor have specific vibration periods and amplitude changes; if the signals of the two are confused, the waveform of the infrasonic sensor will show spikes or mutations similar to seismic waves. By comparing with the normal waveform database, it can be judged whether there is signal confusion;

[0115] Step S63: Determine that there is signal confusion based on the relevant trend and the determination result of the tendency of signal confusion, and determine to optimize the installation position. In implementation, the positions of each sensor can be adjusted slightly and then the judgment of whether there is signal confusion is carried out again. If there is still signal confusion after more than 5 adjustments, the position of the feature points is determined again according to the K-means clustering method (adjust the K value, generally increase it) to re-determine the installation position.

[0116] Among them, the correlation trend includes the relevant trend and the irrelevant trend.

[0117] Specifically, in step S7, the process of determining the current debris flow tendency based on the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data includes,

[0118] Step S71: Determine the high-incidence time period of debris flow according to the debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data;

[0119] Step S72: Determine the debris flow monitoring time period according to the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period, where,

[0120] If the rainfall data in any sub-time period in the non-high-incidence time period exceeds the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period includes the corresponding sub-time period and the high-incidence time period;

[0121] If the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period does not exceed the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period is the high-incidence time period;

[0122] Step S73: Determine the current debris flow tendency according to the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, where,

[0123] If the current time is within the debris flow monitoring time period, it is determined that the current debris flow tendency is the occurrence tendency;

[0124] If the current time is not within the debris flow monitoring time period, it is determined that the current debris flow tendency is non-occurrence tendency;

[0125] Wherein, the rainfall reference value is determined according to the average rainfall of historical debris flow data.

[0126] Specifically, in step S71, the high-incidence time period is from the earliest debris flow occurrence time to the latest debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data;

[0127] Wherein, the early or late time of debris flow occurrence is determined according to the month and date of the occurrence time.

[0128] It can be understood that the historical debris flow occurrence times are arranged in the order of month and date (ignoring the year), the month and date of the first historical debris flow occurrence time after sorting are recorded as the earliest debris flow occurrence time, and the month and date of the last historical debris flow occurrence time after sorting are recorded as the latest debris flow occurrence time. The high-incidence time period is from the earliest debris flow occurrence time to the latest debris flow occurrence time.

[0129] Please refer to Figure 4 as shown, which is the connection diagram of the sensor arrangement system for debris flow warning in the embodiment of the present invention. On the other hand, the present invention also provides a sensor arrangement system for debris flow warning, including:

[0130] A data acquisition module, including a big data search unit for obtaining a three-dimensional geological map, the number of historical debris flows and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow within the warning range, an online search unit for real-time obtaining rainfall data within the warning range, and a sensor unit for obtaining the sensor transmission signal;

[0131] A process simulation module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, for determining the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow, and determining the movement characteristics and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal of the debris flow according to the debris flow simulation process;

[0132] A simulation analysis module, which is connected to the process simulation module, for determining the sensor installation positions according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics and the three-dimensional geological map, performing communication tests after installing sensors according to the determined sensor installation positions, and determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation positions;

[0133] A data analysis module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, for determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data, and processing the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give a warning of the debris flow.

[0134] So far, the technical solution of the present invention has been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0135] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for arranging sensors for debris flow warning, characterized in that, Including: Obtaining a three-dimensional geological map within the early warning range, the historical number of debris flows, and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; Determining a corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow; Determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process; Determining the corresponding sensor installation positions according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics, and the three-dimensional geological map; Installing corresponding sensors according to the determined installation positions of various sensors and conducting communication tests; Determining whether there is signal confusion between various sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation positions; Obtaining rainfall data within the early warning range in real time, and determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data; Processing the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give an early warning of the debris flow; The process of determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process includes, Determining the movement characteristics and movement information of the debris flow according to the debris flow simulation process, and inputting the movement information into acoustic simulation software to determine the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal; Wherein, the movement characteristics include the movement path and the influence range, and the propagation characteristics include the propagation speed and the attenuation rate.

2. The sensor layout method for debris flow warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the sensor installation positions according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics, and the three-dimensional geological map includes, Determining the positions where sensors are to be installed according to the movement characteristics and the propagation characteristics; Screening the sensor installation positions according to the topographic characteristics and geological characteristics of the positions where sensors are to be installed.

3. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow warning according to claim 2, characterized in that The process of determining the positions where sensors are to be installed according to the movement characteristics and the propagation characteristics includes, Determining the predicted path and predicted range of the debris flow within the early warning range according to the movement characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; Determining the sensor layout range according to the predicted range and the predicted path of the debris flow; Determining the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor layout range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process; Determining the corresponding characteristic point position as the position where the sensor is to be installed according to the determination result that the installation characterization trend is a suitable installation trend.

4. The sensor arrangement method for debris flow warning according to claim 3, wherein Determining the installation characterization trend of each characteristic point position within the sensor layout range according to the propagation characteristics of each debris flow simulation process includes, If the propagation speed of a single characteristic point position is greater than or equal to the preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is greater than or equal to the preset attenuation rate, then it is determined that the installation characterization trend of this characteristic point position is a suitable installation trend; If the propagation speed of a single characteristic point position is less than the preset propagation speed and the attenuation rate is less than the preset attenuation rate, then it is determined that the installation characterization trend of this characteristic point position is an unsuitable installation trend.

5. The method for arranging sensors for debris flow early warning according to claim 4, wherein The process of screening the sensor installation positions according to the topographic characteristics and geological characteristics of the positions where sensors are to be installed includes, Determining the topographic data and geological data corresponding to each position where sensors are to be installed according to the three-dimensional geological map; Determining the installation characterization state of the corresponding position where sensors are to be installed according to the topographic data and the geological data, wherein, If the terrain data and the geological data of the to-be-installed position meet the installation conditions, it is determined that the to-be-installed position is in a suitable installation state; If the terrain data and the geological data of the to-be-installed position do not meet the installation conditions, it is determined that the to-be-installed position is in an unsuitable installation state; Mark the to-be-installed positions in the suitable installation state as sensor installation positions.

6. The sensor layout method for debris flow warning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation position includes Calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient between the signals of various types of sensors to determine the corresponding correlation trend; Determining whether there is a tendency of confusion according to whether there is a sudden peak in the time-domain waveform diagram corresponding to the infrasound sensor signal; Determining that there is signal confusion according to the correlation trend and the determination result of the tendency of confusion, and determining to optimize the installation position; Among them, the correlation trend includes a correlation trend and an uncorrelated trend.

7. The method for arranging sensors for debris flow warning according to claim 1, wherein The process of determining the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data includes Determining the high-incidence time period of debris flow according to the debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data; Determining the debris flow monitoring time period according to the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period, where If the rainfall data of any sub-time period in the non-high-incidence time period exceeds the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period includes the corresponding sub-time period and the high-incidence time period; If the rainfall data in the non-high-incidence time period does not exceed the rainfall reference value, it is determined that the debris flow monitoring time period is the high-incidence time period; Determining the current debris flow tendency according to the current time and the debris flow monitoring time period, where If the current time is within the debris flow monitoring time period, it is determined that the current debris flow tendency is an occurrence tendency; If the current time is not within the debris flow monitoring time period, it is determined that the current debris flow tendency is a non-occurrence tendency; Among them, the rainfall reference value is determined according to the average rainfall of the historical debris flow data.

8. The sensor layout method for debris flow warning according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high-incidence time period is from the earliest debris flow occurrence time to the latest debris flow occurrence time in the historical debris flow data; Among them, the early or late time of debris flow occurrence is determined according to the month and date of the occurrence time.

9. A sensor arrangement system for debris flow warning, which applies the sensor arrangement method for debris flow warning according to any one of claims 1-8, is characterized in that Including: A data acquisition module, including a big data search unit for obtaining a three-dimensional geological map, the number of historical debris flows, and the historical debris flow data of each debris flow within the warning range, a network search unit for obtaining the rainfall data within the warning range in real time, and a sensor unit for obtaining the sensor transmission signal; A process simulation module, connected to the data acquisition module, for determining the corresponding debris flow simulation process according to the historical debris flow data of each debris flow, and determining the movement characteristics of the debris flow and the propagation characteristics of the fluctuation signal according to the debris flow simulation process; A simulation analysis module, connected to the process simulation module, for determining the sensor installation position according to the movement characteristics, the propagation characteristics, and the three-dimensional geological map, performing a communication test after installing the sensors according to the determined sensor installation position, and determining whether there is signal confusion between the sensors according to the communication test results to determine whether to optimize the installation position; A data analysis module, which is connected to the data acquisition module, is used to determine the current debris flow tendency according to the rainfall data and the historical debris flow data, and process the transmission signals of each sensor according to the occurrence tendency to give early warnings of debris flows.

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