Light-emitting element, method for manufacturing light-emitting element, and display device

Abstract

Embodiments provide a light emitting element, a method for manufacturing the light emitting element, and a display device. The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots, and an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the emission layer is disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region. At least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region includes metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticle includes a core including a metal oxide and a ligand bonded to the core, where the ligand includes an alkoxy group. The alkoxy group is derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 described in the specification. [Formula 1] # imgabs0 #

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0142832 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on October 24, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a light emitting element including metal nanoparticles, a method for manufacturing a light emitting element, and a display device including the light emitting element. Background Art

[0004] The light-emitting element has the property of converting electrical energy into light energy. Among the light-emitting elements, the quantum dot light-emitting element including quantum dots in the emission layer has high color purity and luminous efficiency, and can have different colors. In the light-emitting element, holes move to the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons move to the emission layer through the electron transport region. In order to improve the efficiency in the quantum dot light-emitting element, the smooth injection and transport of holes and electrons are being studied.

[0005] It should be understood that this background technology section is intended, in part, to provide a useful background for understanding the present technology. However, this background technology section may also include ideas, concepts or realizations that are not part of what was known or understood by a person skilled in the relevant art before the corresponding effective filing date of the subject matter disclosed herein. Summary of the invention

[0006] The embodiment provides a light emitting element having excellent light emitting efficiency and lifetime, and a display device including the same.

[0007] The embodiment also provides a method for manufacturing a light emitting element having excellent manufacturing reliability and efficiency.

[0008] According to an embodiment, a light emitting element may include: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots; a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein

[0009] The emission layer may be disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region; at least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region may include metal nanoparticles; the metal nanoparticles may include: a core including a metal oxide; and a ligand bonded to the core; the ligand including an alkoxy group; and the alkoxy group may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1:

[0010] [Formula 1]

[0011]

[0012] In formula 1, R 1 and R 2 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted carbonyl group, and only R 1 and R 2 They may not be hydrogen atoms at the same time.

[0013] In embodiments, the alkoxy group may be directly bonded to the surface of the core.

[0014] In an embodiment, the oxygen-containing compound may be selected from Compound Group 1 described below.

[0015] In embodiments, the ligand may be provided as a plurality of ligands, and at least one of the plurality of ligands may be different from the remaining ligands.

[0016] In an embodiment, the metal oxide may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O 2 、SrTiO 3 、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1:

[0017] [Formula M-1]

[0018] Zn (1-q) Me q O

[0019] In formula M-1, q can be a real number from 0 to 0.3; and Me can be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

[0020] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may be disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer; and the hole transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode.

[0021] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may be disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer; and the electron transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode.

[0022] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer or between the emission layer and the second electrode; and at least one of the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer may include the metal nanoparticles.

[0023] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer or between the emission layer and the second electrode; and at least one of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer may include the metal nanoparticles.

[0024] According to an embodiment, a method for manufacturing a light emitting element may include: forming a first electrode; forming an emission layer on the first electrode; forming a second electrode on the emission layer; forming a hole transport region; and forming an electron transport region, wherein

[0025] One of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region may be performed between the forming of the first electrode and the forming of the emission layer; the other of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region may be performed between the forming of the emission layer and the forming of the second electrode; at least one of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region may include providing a composition including metal nanoparticles; the metal nanoparticles may include a core including a metal oxide and a ligand bonded to the core, the ligand including an alkoxy group; and the alkoxy group may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1:

[0026] [Formula 1]

[0027]

[0028] In formula 1, R 1 and R 2 may be each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted carbonyl group, except that R 1 and R 2They may not be hydrogen atoms at the same time.

[0029] In an embodiment, the method for manufacturing a light emitting element may further include generating the metal nanoparticles before the providing of the composition, wherein,

[0030] The generating of the metal nanoparticles may include: preparing preliminary metal nanoparticles including the core and preliminary ligands bonded to the core; providing the oxygen-containing compound to the preliminary metal nanoparticles; and bonding ligands generated by dissociation of oxygen-oxygen bonds of the oxygen-containing compound to the core.

[0031] In an embodiment, the bonding of the ligand to the core may be performed at a first temperature providing heat; the first temperature may be higher than a self-decomposition temperature of the oxygen-containing compound; and the self-decomposition temperature may be defined as a temperature at which the oxygen-containing compound decomposes itself to form oxygen-containing free radicals.

[0032] In embodiments, during said bonding of said ligand to said core, said preliminary ligand may be removed from said core.

[0033] In an embodiment, the preliminary metal nanoparticles may be provided by being dispersed in an aqueous solvent containing a hydroxyl group.

[0034] In an embodiment, the composition may be provided by an inkjet printing method or by a dispensing method.

[0035] In an embodiment, the oxygen-containing compound may be selected from Compound Group 1 described below.

[0036] In an embodiment, the metal oxide may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O 2 、SrTiO 3 、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1:

[0037] [Formula M-1]

[0038] Zn (1-q) Me q O

[0039] In formula M-1, q can be a real number from 0 to 0.3; and Me can be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

[0040] According to an embodiment, a display device may include a display element layer disposed on a base layer, wherein:

[0041] The display element layer may include a light-emitting element and a pixel defining film in which a pixel opening may be defined; the light-emitting element may include a first electrode disposed in the pixel opening, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots, a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; the emission layer may be disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region; at least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region may include metal nanoparticles; the metal nanoparticles may include a core including a metal oxide and a ligand bonded to the core, the ligand including an alkoxy group; and the alkoxy group may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1:

[0042] [Formula 1]

[0043]

[0044] In formula 1, R 1 and R 2 may be each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted carbonyl group, except that R 1 and R 2 They may not be hydrogen atoms at the same time.

[0045] In embodiments, the alkoxy group may be directly bonded to the surface of the core.

[0046] In an embodiment, the oxygen-containing compound may be selected from Compound Group 1 described below.

[0047] In an embodiment, the metal oxide may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O 2 、SrTiO 3、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1:

[0048] [Formula M-1]

[0049] Zn (1-q) Me q O

[0050] In formula M-1, q can be a real number from 0 to 0.3; and Me can be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

[0051] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer or between the emission layer and the second electrode; and at least one of the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer may include the metal nanoparticles.

[0052] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer or between the emission layer and the second electrode; and at least one of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer may include the metal nanoparticles.

[0053] It should be understood that the above embodiments are described in a general and illustrative sense only and not for limiting purposes, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and principles thereof. The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0055] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along a virtual line II';

[0057] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0058] Figure 4A It is along Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along a virtual line II-II';

[0059] Figure 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to another embodiment;

[0060] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0061] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0062] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal nanoparticle according to an embodiment;

[0063] Figure 8 It is shown Figure 7 An enlarged schematic diagram of region XX' in FIG.

[0064] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal nanoparticle according to another embodiment;

[0065] Fig. 10A is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0066] Fig. 10B is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to another embodiment;

[0067] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of steps for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0068] Fig.12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a step for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0069] Fig.13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a step for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0070] Fig.14 It is shown Fig.12 An enlarged schematic diagram of area AA' in FIG.

[0071] Fig.15 is a graph showing changes over time in the relative luminance ratio of light emitting elements according to the comparative example and the example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The present disclosure will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings showing embodiments. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0073] In the drawings, the size, thickness, ratio, and dimensions of elements may be exaggerated for ease of description and for clarity. The same reference numerals and reference symbols refer to the same elements throughout.

[0074] In the description, it will be understood that when an element (or region, layer, component, etc.) is referred to as being "on", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, the element may be directly on, directly connected to or directly coupled to the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present between the element and the other element. In a similar sense, when an element (or region, layer, component, etc.) is described as "covering" another element, the element may directly cover the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present between the element and the other element.

[0075] In the description, when an element is "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no intervening elements. For example, "directly on" may mean that two layers or two elements are disposed without an additional element, such as an adhesive element, between the two layers or two elements.

[0076] As used herein, expressions used in the singular such as “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0077] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, "A and / or B" may be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". The terms "and" and "or" may be used in a conjunction or disjunction sense and may be understood to be equivalent to "and / or".

[0078] In the specification and claims, for the purpose of its meaning and interpretation, the term "at least one of..." is intended to include the meaning of "at least one selected from the group consisting of...". For example, "at least one of A and B" can be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". When the term "at least one of..." precedes or follows a list of elements, it modifies the entire list of elements, rather than the individual elements in the list.

[0079] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. can be used in this article to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Therefore, without departing from the teaching of the present disclosure, the first element can be referred to as the second element. Similarly, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the second element can be referred to as the first element.

[0080] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "below", "below", "below", "above", or "on" may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or component and another element or component as shown in the drawings. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings, spatially relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, in the case of flipping the device shown in the drawings, a device that is "below" or "below" another device may be "above" another device. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" may include both a lower position and an upper position. The device may also be oriented in other directions, and therefore the spatially relative terms may be interpreted differently depending on the orientation.

[0081] The terms "about" or "approximately" as used herein include the stated value and mean within an acceptable range of deviation from the stated value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurements in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the stated quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0082] It should be understood that the terms “comprises / comprising,” “includes / including,” “have / having,” and “contains / containing” and the like are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof in the present disclosure, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0083] Unless otherwise defined or implied herein, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that, unless explicitly defined in the specification, terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense.

[0084] In the specification, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" can describe a group that is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituent, and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, silyl, oxy, sulfenyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boryl, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydrocarbon ring, aryl and heterocyclic groups. Each substituent listed above itself can be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl can be interpreted as aryl, or it can be interpreted as a phenyl substituted with phenyl.

[0085] In the specification, the term "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" may be interpreted as a group bonded to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring. The hydrocarbon ring may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The heterocyclic ring may be an aliphatic heterocyclic ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring. The hydrocarbon ring and the heterocyclic ring may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The ring formed by the adjacent groups bonded to each other may itself be connected to another ring to form a spirocyclic structure.

[0086] In the specification, the term "adjacent group" may be interpreted as a substituent that replaces an atom directly bonded to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, as another substituent that replaces the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or as a substituent that is spatially located closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-dimethylbenzene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. For example, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene may be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0087] In the specification, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom.

[0088] In the specification, the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 60, 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10 or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, cyclobutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, cyclohexyl 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, cyclooctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, cyclononyl, n-decyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyl Decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, cyclodecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heneicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl, n-triacontyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, bicycloheptyl and the like, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0089] In the specification, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not particularly limited, and may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have one of the following structures, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0090]

[0091] In the specification, an aryl group may be any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. An aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl group may be 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, Base, etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0092] In the specification, the oxy group can be an oxygen atom bonded to an alkyl or aryl group as defined above. The oxy group can be an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group. The aryl group in the aryloxy group can be the same as the example of the above-mentioned aryl group. The alkoxy group can be linear, branched or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkoxy group is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 1 to 30, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. Examples of oxy groups can include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, benzyloxy, etc., but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0093] In the specification, a direct connection may be a single bond.

[0094] In this manual, the symbol Each represents a bond to an adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or moiety.

[0095] Hereinafter, a light emitting element and a display device including the same according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device DD according to the embodiment.

[0096] refer to Figure 1 , the display device DD according to the embodiment can be activated by an electrical signal. For example, the display device DD can be a large device such as a television, a monitor, or an outdoor billboard. In an embodiment, the display device DD can be a small or medium-sized device such as a personal computer (e.g., a laptop computer, a tablet computer), a personal digital terminal, a car navigation system, a game console, a smart phone, or a camera. These are provided only as examples, and the display device DD may be included in other devices.

[0097] The display device DD may display an image (or video) through a display surface DD-IS. The display surface DD-IS may be parallel to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. The display surface DD-IS may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA.

[0098] The pixel PX may be disposed in the display area DA, and the pixel PX may not be disposed in the non-display area NDA. The non-display area NDA may be defined by the edge of the display surface DD-IS. The non-display area NDA may surround the display area DA. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the non-display area NDA may be omitted, or the non-display area NDA may be disposed only on one side of the display area DA.

[0099] Figure 1The display device DD is shown to have a flat display surface DD-IS. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the display surface DD-IS of the display device DD may be a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. The three-dimensional display surface may include a plurality of display areas arranged in different directions.

[0100] Figure 1 The drawings described below show the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2 and / or the third direction axis DR3, and the directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2 and the third direction axis DR3 described in this specification are relative terms and can be converted to other directions. The directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2 and the third direction axis DR3 can be described as the first direction DR1, the second direction DR2 and the third direction DR3, and the same figure marks can be used. In the specification, the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 can be orthogonal to each other, and the third direction axis DR3 can be a normal direction relative to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0101] In the specification, a plan view may refer to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2, and a cross-sectional view may refer to a surface perpendicular to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 and parallel to the third direction axis DR3. The display device DD may have a thickness direction parallel to the third direction DR3, which is a normal direction relative to the plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2.

[0102] In the specification, the top surface (or front surface) and the bottom surface (or rear surface) of each component constituting the display device DD may be defined relative to the third direction DR3. For example, among two surfaces in one component that are opposite to each other relative to the third direction DR3, the surface relatively adjacent to the display surface DD-IS may be defined as the front surface (or top surface), and the surface spaced apart from the display surface DD-IS may be defined as the rear surface (or bottom surface). In the specification, the upper portion (or upper side) and the lower portion (or lower side) may be defined relative to the third direction DR3, and the upper portion (or upper side) may be defined in a direction closer to the display surface DD-IS, and the lower portion (or lower side) may be defined in a direction away from the display surface DD-IS.

[0103] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along a virtual line II'. Figure 2 may be a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to an embodiment.

[0104] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL disposed on the base layer BS, a display element layer DP-EL disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the display element layer DP-EL.

[0105] The display panel DP may generate a video. The display panel DP may be a light-emitting display panel. For example, the display panel DP may be a quantum dot light-emitting display panel including quantum dot light-emitting elements.

[0106] The base layer BS may provide a base surface on which the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed. The base layer BS may be a rigid base or a flexible base that is bendable, foldable, or rollable, etc. The base layer BS may be a glass base, a metal base, or a polymer base. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0107] The circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the base layer BS. The circuit layer DP-CL may include an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern, a signal line, etc. The insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer may be formed on the base layer BS by a method such as coating or vapor deposition, and the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer may be selectively patterned by a photolithography process. The semiconductor pattern, the conductive pattern, and the signal line included in the circuit layer DP-CL may be formed.

[0108] The display element layer DP-EL may be disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL. The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel definition film PDL (see FIG. Figure 4A and Figure 4B ) and the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2 and the third light emitting element ED-3 (see Figure 4A and Figure 4B ). In an embodiment, the display element layer DP-EL may include an organic light emitting material, an inorganic light emitting material, an organic-inorganic light emitting material, a quantum dot, a quantum rod, a micro light emitting diode (LED) or a nano LED. For example, the display element layer DP-EL may include a quantum dot.

[0109] The encapsulation layer TFE may protect the display element layer DP-EL from foreign matter such as moisture, oxygen, and dust particles. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic layer. The encapsulation layer TFE may have a stacked structure of an inorganic layer, an organic layer, and an inorganic layer.

[0110] The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control light reflected from external light in the display panel DP. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. In an embodiment, although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the optical layer PP may be omitted.

[0111] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device DD according to the embodiment. Figure 4A It is along Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along a virtual line II-II'. Figure 3 It can be the display area DA of the display device DD (see Figure 1 ) is a schematic plan view of the . Figure 4A may be a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a display device DD according to an embodiment.

[0112] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4A , the display device DD may include a peripheral area NPXA and light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light-emitting areas PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may be areas that emit light generated by the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, respectively. The light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each be different from each other in a plan view.

[0113] The light emitting regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may be divided into a plurality of groups according to the colors of the lights generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. As an example, Figure 3 and Figure 4A Three light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B emitting red, green and blue light, respectively, are shown. For example, the display device DD may include a red light emitting region PXA-R, a green light emitting region PXA-G and a blue light emitting region PXA-B separated from each other.

[0114] The display panel DP may include a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, each emitting light in a different wavelength region. The light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may each emit light of a different color. For example, the display panel DP may include a first light emitting element ED-1 that emits blue light, a second light emitting element ED-2 that emits green light, and a third light emitting element ED-3 that emits red light. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may emit light in the same wavelength range, or at least one light emitting element may emit light in a wavelength range different from that of the remaining light emitting elements.

[0115] exist Figure 3 and Figure 4A In the display device DD according to the embodiment shown in , the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B may each be different in size and shape from each other according to the colors emitted from the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R of the corresponding light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The blue light-emitting region PXA-B of the first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits blue light may have the largest area, and the green light-emitting region PXA-G of the second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits green light may have the smallest area. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B may each emit light of different colors other than red light, green light and blue light. In an embodiment, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G and PXA-B may each have the same area, or they may have different areas. Figure 3 The scales shown in the figure provide different proportions of the area.

[0116] The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be regions separated by the pixel-defining film PDL. The peripheral region NPXA may be a region corresponding to the pixel-defining film PDL between adjacent pairs of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each correspond to a pixel PX (see Figure 1 ).

[0117] The pixel defining film PDL may define the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B and the peripheral region NPXA may be separated by the pixel defining film PDL.

[0118] The blue light emitting regions PXA-B and the red light emitting regions PXA-R may be alternately arranged along the first direction axis DR1 to constitute a first group PXG1. The green light emitting regions PXA-G may be arranged along the first direction axis DR1 to constitute a second group PXG2. The first group PXG1 may be disposed to be spaced apart from the second group PXG2 in the second direction DR2. The first group PXG1 and the second group PXG2 may each be provided in plural. The first group PXG1 and the second group PXG2 may be alternately arranged relative to each other along the second direction axis DR2.

[0119] The red light emitting region PXA-R may be disposed to be spaced apart from one green light emitting region PXA-G in the direction of the fourth direction axis DR4. The blue light emitting region PXA-B may be disposed to be spaced apart from one green light emitting region PXA-G in the direction of the fifth direction axis DR5. The fourth direction axis DR4 may be a direction between the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. The fifth direction axis DR5 may be a direction intersecting the fourth direction axis DR4 and inclined relative to the second direction axis DR2.

[0120] The arrangement of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to Figure 3 For example, among the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, the red light emitting regions PXA-R, the green light emitting regions PXA-G, and the blue light emitting regions PXA-B may be alternately arranged along the first direction axis DR1. The shapes of the light emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the plan view are not limited to the shapes shown in the drawings, and may be defined as shapes different from those shown in the drawings.

[0121] In (for example, Figure 4A In the display device DD shown in FIG. 1 , the base layer BS may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. In an embodiment, the base layer BS may include a first synthetic resin layer, an intermediate layer of a multi-layer or single-layer structure, and a second synthetic resin layer, which may be stacked in the following order. The intermediate layer may be referred to as a base barrier layer. The intermediate layer may include silicon oxide (SiO x ) layer and an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer disposed on the silicon oxide layer, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the intermediate layer may include at least one of a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, and an amorphous silicon layer.

[0122] The first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may each include a polyimide resin. The first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may each include at least one of an acrylate resin, a methacrylate resin, a polyisoprene resin, a vinyl resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a cellulose resin, a siloxane resin, a polyamide resin, and a perylene resin. In the specification, the "x-type" resin may indicate a feature including a functional group "x".

[0123] The circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors (not shown). The transistors (not shown) may each include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switch transistor and a drive transistor for driving the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 of the display element layer DP-EL.

[0124] The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel defining film PDL and a first light emitting element ED-1, a second light emitting element ED-2, and a third light emitting element ED-3. An opening OH may be defined in the pixel defining film PDL. The opening OH may be referred to as a pixel opening. The pixel defining film PDL may separate the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3. The emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may be disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL and may be separated from each other.

[0125] The pixel defining film PDL may be formed of a polymer resin. For example, the pixel defining film PDL may include a polyacrylate resin or a polyimide resin. In an embodiment, in addition to the polymer resin, the pixel defining film PDL may also include an inorganic material. The pixel defining film PDL may include a light absorbing material, and may also include a black pigment or a black dye. The pixel defining film PDL including a black pigment or a black dye may realize a black pixel defining film. When forming the pixel defining film PDL, carbon black or the like may be used as a black pigment or a black dye, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0126] In an embodiment, the pixel definition layer PDL may be formed of an inorganic material. For example, the pixel definition layer PDL may include a silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ) or silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) of inorganic materials.

[0127] In an embodiment, the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3, and hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3. The electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 and the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may be spaced apart from each other, and the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R are disposed between the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 and the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3.

[0128] refer to Figure 4AThe first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R, and hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 disposed between the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R and the second electrode EL2.

[0129] At least a portion of the first electrode EL1 may be exposed in the opening OH of the pixel defining film PDL. The first electrode EL1 may have conductivity. The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be a cathode or an anode. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. The first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, Zn, oxides thereof, compounds thereof, and mixtures thereof.

[0130] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). If the first electrode EL1 is a transflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacking structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a stacking structure of LiF and Al). In an embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a semi-transmissive reflective film formed of the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The first electrode EL1 may include the above metal material, a combination of at least two of the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal material, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be about 1000 mm / s. To about For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be in the range of about To about within the range.

[0131] The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode. The second electrode EL2 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, Zn, oxides thereof, compounds thereof, and mixtures thereof.

[0132] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may be formed of a transparent metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.).

[0133] When the second electrode EL2 is a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W or a compound or mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca or LiF / Al. In an embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective film or a semi-transmissive reflective film formed of the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the above metal materials, a combination of at least two of the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal materials, etc.

[0134] Although not shown in the drawings, the second electrode EL2 may be electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0135] The emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R may be disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The first light emitting element ED-1 may include a first emission layer EML-B, the second light emitting element ED-2 may include a second emission layer EML-G, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may include a third emission layer EML-R. The first emission layer EML-B may include a first quantum dot QD-C1. The second emission layer EML-G may include a second quantum dot QD-C2. The third emission layer EML-R may include a third quantum dot QD-C3.

[0136] The quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 respectively included in the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R may be stacked to form a layer. Figure 4A It is shown that quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 having a circular cross-section are arranged to form approximately two layers, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the arrangement of quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 may vary with the thickness of the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R, the shapes of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 included in the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R, or the average diameter of the quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3. For example, in the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R, quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2, and QD-C3 may be aligned adjacent to each other to form a single layer, or may be aligned to form multiple layers such as two layers or three layers.

[0137] The first quantum dot QD-C1 of the first light-emitting element ED-1 can emit blue light. The second quantum dot QD-C2 of the second light-emitting element ED-2 can emit green light. The third quantum dot QD-C3 of the third light-emitting element ED-3 can emit red light. Quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 can each include a core (not shown) and a shell (not shown) surrounding the core. In an embodiment, quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 can each include a core-shell structure. The cores of quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 can include materials different from each other. In another embodiment, the cores of quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 can include the same material. Any two cores of the cores of quantum dots QD-C1, QD-C2 and QD-C3 can include the same material, and the remaining one core can include different materials from the two cores.

[0138] Figure 4A It is shown that the first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 can have similar diameters, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 can each have a different diameter. For example, the first quantum dot QD-C1 of the first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits light in a relatively short wavelength range can have a relatively small average diameter than the second quantum dot QD-C2 of the second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits light in a relatively long wavelength region and the third quantum dot QD-C3 of the third light-emitting element ED-3. The average diameter can be a diameter obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of a plurality of quantum dots. The particle size of the quantum dot can be the average value of the width of the quantum dot particles in the cross section.

[0139] In an embodiment, at least one of the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 and the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may include metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 (see 5A to 6D In the examples, metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 (see 5A to 6D ) can include nuclear MC (see Figure 7 ) and bonded to the core MC (see Figure 7 ) ligand LD (see Figure 7 ).

[0140] For example, the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 may include a plurality of metal nanoparticles NP (see 5A to 6D ), and metal nanoparticles NP (see 5A to 6D ) may be the same, or at least one metal nanoparticle NP may be different from the other metal nanoparticles NP. 5A to 6D ) of the nuclear MC (see Figure 7 ) and / or ligand LD (see Figure 7 ) can be different from each other.

[0141] For example, the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may include metal nanoparticles NP-1 (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ), and metal nanoparticles NP-1 (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ) may be identical, or at least one metal nanoparticle NP-1 may be different from the other metal nanoparticles NP-1. Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ) of the nuclear MC (see Figure 7 ) and / or ligand LD (see Figure 7 ) can be different from each other.

[0142] In an embodiment, the core MC (see Figure 7 ) may include a metal oxide, and the ligand LD (see Figure 7 ) may include alkoxy groups bonded to the core MC. Thus, the metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 (see 5A to 6D ) can exhibit excellent stability over time by eliminating surface defects and can be provided by an inkjet printing method or a drop coating method. Metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 (see 5A to 6D) can exhibit excellent charge transport / injection characteristics by eliminating surface defects, and can contribute to improving the efficiency and lifespan of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 will be described in more detail later (see 5A to 6D ).

[0143] The electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may be disposed in the opening OH and may be separated from each other. The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 may include the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include the third electron transport region ETR-3.

[0144] The first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each be a layer composed of a single material, a layer including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers formed of different materials. The thickness of each of the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each independently be, for example, about To about For example, the thickness of each of the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may be independently about To about within the range.

[0145] The first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include an electron injection material and / or an electron transport material of the related art. For example, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include metal nanoparticles NP of the embodiment (see 5A to 6D ), and may also include an electron injection material of the related art and / or an electron transport material of the related art.

[0146] In an embodiment, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include an anthracene compound. In another embodiment, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinolinyl)aluminum (Alq 3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bp hen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(10-hydroxybenzoquinolinolato)beryllium (Bebq 2 ), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) and mixtures thereof. In another embodiment, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2 and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1) or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) and the like.

[0147] The hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may be disposed in the opening OH and may be separated from each other. The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 may include the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include the third hole transport region HTR-3.

[0148] The first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each be a layer composed of a single material, a layer including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials. The first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently have a thickness of about To about For example, the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may each independently have a thickness in the range of about To about For example, the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may each independently have a thickness in the range of about To about The thickness is within the range of .

[0149] The first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may include a hole injection material and / or a hole transport material of the related art. For example, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to the embodiment (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ), and may also include electron injection materials and / or electron transport materials of the related art.

[0150] For example, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently include a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine, N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine)(DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tri(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tri(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tri[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (P ANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], dipyrazine[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0151] In an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently include a carbazole derivative such as N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole, a fluorene derivative, N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), a triphenylamine derivative such as 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenylamine (TPD), and a 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine derivative. -diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD), 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0152] The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, referred to as an encapsulation inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE may also include at least one organic film (hereinafter, referred to as an encapsulation organic film) and at least one encapsulation inorganic film.

[0153] The encapsulated inorganic film can protect the display element layer DP-EL from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulated organic film can protect the display element layer DP-EL from foreign matter such as dust particles. The encapsulated inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide or aluminum oxide, etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The encapsulated organic film may include an acrylic compound or an epoxy compound, etc. The encapsulated organic film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0154] The optical layer PP may include a base substrate BL and a color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may provide a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL is disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0155] The color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF-B, a second color filter CF-G, and a third color filter CF-R. The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R may be arranged to correspond to the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3, respectively. For example, the first color filter CF-B may be a blue color filter, the second color filter CF-G may be a green color filter, and the third color filter CF-R may be a red color filter. The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R may be arranged to correspond to the first light emitting region PXA-B, the second light emitting region PXA-G, and the third light emitting region PXA-R, respectively.

[0156] The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R may each include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first color filter CF-B may include a blue pigment or a blue dye, the second color filter CF-G may include a green pigment or a green dye, and the third color filter CF-R may include a red pigment or a red dye. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first color filter CF-B may not include a pigment or a dye. The first color filter CF-B may include a polymer photosensitive resin, but does not include a pigment or a dye. The first color filter CF-B may be transparent. The first color filter CF-B may be formed of a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0157] The color filter layer CFL may further include a buffer layer BFL. For example, the buffer layer BFL may be used as a protective layer for protecting the first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R. The buffer layer BFL may be an inorganic material layer including at least one inorganic material selected from silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride. The buffer layer BFL may be formed of a single layer or a plurality of layers.

[0158] In an embodiment, the second color filter CF-G and the third color filter CF-R may each be a yellow color filter. The second color filter CF-G and the third color filter CF-R may not be separated and may be provided as one color filter.

[0159] Although not shown in the drawings, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light shielding portion (not shown). The light shielding portion may be a black matrix. The light shielding portion (not shown) may include an organic light shielding material or an inorganic light shielding material including a black pigment or dye. The light shielding portion (not shown) may prevent light leakage and may separate the boundaries between the adjacent color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R.

[0160] Figure 4B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD-1 according to another embodiment. Figure 4BIn the description of Figures 1 to 4A Features described, and different features will be described.

[0161] Figure 4B The display device DD-1 shown in Figure 4A The display device DD shown in FIG. 1 differs at least in the positions of the hole transport regions HTR- 1 , HTR- 2 and HTR- 3 and the electron transport regions ETR- 1 , ETR- 2 and ETR- 3 . Figure 4A It is shown that the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 are disposed on the lower side of the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R, and Figure 4B It is shown that the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 are disposed on the upper sides of the emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R.

[0162] refer to Figure 4B The first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 disposed on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R disposed on the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 disposed on the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3.

[0163] 5A to 6D 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of light emitting elements ED and ED-a to ED-g according to the embodiments, respectively. Figure 4A At least one of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 shown in FIG. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D The structure of one of the light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b and ED-c shown in FIG. Figure 4B At least one of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 shown in FIG. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D The structure of one of the light emitting elements ED-d, ED-e, ED-f and ED-g shown in FIG.

[0164] In an embodiment, FIG. 5A to FIG. 5DThe light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b and ED-c are shown, each including an electron transport region ETR disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layer EML and a hole transport region HTR disposed between the emission layer EML and the second electrode EL2. In another embodiment, FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D Light emitting elements ED-d, ED-e, ED-f, and ED-g each including a hole transport region HTR disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layer EML and an electron transport region ETR disposed between the emission layer EML and the second electrode EL2 are respectively shown.

[0165] refer to FIG. 5A to FIG. 6D , the electron transport region ETR may include at least an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D , the electron injection layer EIL may be disposed on the first electrode EL1, and the electron transport layer ETL may be disposed on the electron injection layer EIL. Figure 5B and Figure 5D The electron transport region ETR may further include a hole blocking layer HBL disposed between the electron transport layer ETL and the emission layer EML.

[0166] refer to FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D , the electron transport layer ETL may be disposed on the emission layer EML, and the electron injection layer EIL may be disposed on the electron transport layer ETL. Figure 6B and Fig.6D The electron transport region ETR may further include a hole blocking layer HBL disposed between the emission layer EML and the electron transport layer ETL. Although not shown in the drawings, the electron injection layer EIL may be omitted.

[0167] At least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL may include metal nanoparticles according to an embodiment. For example, at least one of the electron injection layer EIL and the electron transport layer ETL may include metal nanoparticles NP according to an embodiment. 5A to 6D It is illustrated that the electron transport layer ETL includes the metal nanoparticles NP according to the embodiment, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0168] refer to 5A to 6D The hole transport region HTR may include at least a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D , the hole transport layer HTL may be disposed on the emission layer EML, and the hole injection layer HIL may be disposed on the hole transport layer HTL. Figure 5B and Figure 5D The hole transport region HTR may further include an electron blocking layer EBL disposed between the emission layer EML and the hole transport layer HTL. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D, the hole injection layer HIL may be disposed on the first electrode EL1, and the hole transport layer HTL may be disposed on the hole injection layer HIL. Figure 6B and Fig.6D The hole transport region HTR may further include an electron blocking layer EBL disposed between the hole transport layer HTL and the emission layer EML.

[0169] At least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL may include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 of the embodiment. For example, at least one of the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL may include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to the embodiment. Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D It is illustrated that the hole transport layer HTL includes the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to the embodiment, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0170] The emission layer EML may include quantum dots QD-C. The description of quantum dots QD-C may be the same as that of Figure 4A and Figure 4B The descriptions of the first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 shown in FIG.

[0171] In the specification, the quantum dot QD-C may be a crystal of a semiconductor compound. Depending on the size of the crystal, the quantum dot QD-C may emit light having various emission wavelengths. For example, the quantum dot QD-C may have a diameter in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0172] Quantum dot QD-C can be synthesized by wet chemical process, metal organic chemical vapor deposition process, molecular beam epitaxy process or similar processes thereof. The wet chemical process is a method of mixing a precursor material with an organic solvent to grow particle crystals of quantum dot QD-C. When the crystal grows, the organic solvent can naturally act as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the crystal of quantum dot QD-C and control the growth of the crystal. Therefore, the wet chemical process can control the growth of quantum dot QD-C particles by a process that is easier to perform and can be performed at low cost than vapor deposition methods such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

[0173] The quantum dots may include: II-VI semiconductor compounds; I-II-VI semiconductor compounds; II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds; I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds; III-V semiconductor compounds; III-VI semiconductor compounds; I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; IV-VI semiconductor compounds; II-IV-V semiconductor compounds; Group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof. In the specification, the term "group" refers to a group in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) periodic table.

[0174] Examples of II-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, or MgS; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZ nSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe or MgZnS; and quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe or HgZnSTe; and any combinations thereof.

[0175] In an embodiment, the II-VI semiconductor compound may also include a Group I element and / or a Group IV element. Examples of I-II-VI semiconductor compounds may include CuZnS. Examples of II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include ZnSnS. Examples of I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include quaternary compounds such as Cu 2 ZnSnS 2 , Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 、Ag 2 ZnSnS 2 and any combination of them.

[0176] Examples of III-V semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, or InSb; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, or InPSb; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, or InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the III-V semiconductor compound may also include a Group II element. Examples of the Group III-V semiconductor compound also including the Group II element may include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, or the like.

[0177] Examples of III-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaS, Ga 2 S 3 ,GaSe,Ga 2 Se 3 , GaTe, InTe, InS, InSe, In 2 S 3 or In 2 Se 3 ; Ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 or InGaSe 3 ; and any combination thereof.

[0178] Examples of Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS 2 、AgInSe 2 、AgGaS、AgGaS 2 、AgGaSe 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、CuInSe 2 、CuGaS 2 、CuGaSe 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 or AgAlO 2 ; quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS 2 or AgInGaS 2; and any combination thereof.

[0179] Examples of IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe or PbTe; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe or SnPbTe; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe or SnPbSTe; and any combinations thereof.

[0180] Examples of II-IV-V semiconductor compounds may include ternary compounds such as ZnSnP, ZnSnP 2 、ZnSnAs 2 、ZnGeP 2 、ZnGeAs 2 、CdSnP 2 、CdGeP 2 and any combination of them.

[0181] Examples of Group IV elements or compounds may include: single element materials, such as Si and Ge; binary compounds, such as SiC or SiGe; and any combination thereof.

[0182] Each element included in a compound such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound may be present in the particle in a uniform or non-uniform concentration distribution. For example, the above chemical formula may indicate the elements included in the compound, but the ratio of the elements in the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS 2 Can indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S 2 (where x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0183] In an embodiment, the quantum dot QD-C may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element included in the quantum dot QD-C is uniform. In another embodiment, the quantum dot QD-C may have a core-shell structure in which one quantum dot surrounds another quantum dot. For example, the material included in the core may be different from the material included in the shell.

[0184] The shell of each quantum dot QD-C can be used as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties, and / or can be used as a charging layer to give the quantum dot electrophoretic properties. The shell can have a single layer or multiple layers. Quantum dots with a core-shell structure can have a concentration gradient, in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the core.

[0185] Examples of the shell of the quantum dot QD-C may include metal oxides, non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or any combination thereof. Examples of metal oxides or non-metal oxides may include: binary compounds such as SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 or NiO; ternary compounds such as MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 or CoMn 2 O 4 ; and any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds may include: III-VI semiconductor compounds; II-VI semiconductor compounds; III-V semiconductor compounds; III-VI semiconductor compounds; I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; IV-VI semiconductor compounds; and any combination thereof. For example, semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaS, GaSe, AgGaS, AgGaS 2 , GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb and any combination thereof.

[0186] The quantum dot QD-C may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission spectrum less than or equal to about 45 nm. For example, the quantum dot QD-C may have a FWHM of an emission spectrum less than or equal to about 40 nm. For example, the quantum dot QD-C may have a FWHM of an emission spectrum less than or equal to about 30 nm. When the FWHM of the emission spectrum is within any of these ranges, color purity or color reproducibility may be improved. The light emitted by the quantum dot QD-C may be emitted in all directions, thereby improving the wide viewing angle. The quantum dot QD-C may be in the form of spherical nanoparticles, pyramidal nanoparticles, multi-arm nanoparticles, or cubic nanoparticles, or the quantum dot QD-C may be nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplates, and the like.

[0187] Because the size of the quantum dot QD-C is adjusted or the ratio of elements in the compound constituting the quantum dot QD-C is adjusted, the energy band gap can be adjusted, and therefore light in various wavelength ranges can be obtained in the emission layer EML including the quantum dot QD-C. Therefore, the quantum dots as described above are used (quantum dots of different sizes or different ratios of elements are used in the quantum dot compound), and therefore, light-emitting elements ED and ED-a to ED-g that emit light of various wavelengths can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dot QD-C or the adjustment of the ratio of elements in the compound constituting the quantum dot QD-C can be selected to emit red light, green light and / or blue light. The quantum dot QD-C can be configured to emit white light by combining light of various colors.

[0188] The metal nanoparticles NP included in the electron transport region ETR (see 5A to 6D ) and the metal nanoparticles NP-1 included in the hole transport region HTR (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ) may be the same as or different from each other. In the following, the description of the metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 may be the same as the description of the metal nanoparticles NP included in the electron transport region ETR (see 5A to 6D ) and the metal nanoparticles NP-1 included in the hole transport region HTR (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ) is the same as the description of ).

[0189] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of metal nanoparticles NP according to an embodiment. Figure 8 It is shown Figure 7 The metal nanoparticle NP according to the embodiment may include a core MC and a ligand LD bonded to the core MC. Figure 7Eight ligands LD are shown, but the number of ligands LD bonded to the core MC is not limited thereto. Figure 7 The position of the ligand LD bonded in is only an example, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0190] In an embodiment, the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include a metal oxide. In an embodiment, the metal oxide of the core MC may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O 2 、SrTiO 3 、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1:

[0191] [Formula M-1]

[0192] Zn (1-q) Me q O

[0193] In formula M-1, q may be a real number ranging from 0 to 0.3. In formula M-1, Me may be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba. For example, the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP may include ZnO, ZnMgO, ZnSnO, ZnFeO, ZnGeO, ZnPbO, ZnCrO, SnO 2 and TiO 2 At least one of .

[0194] In an embodiment, the surface MC_SF of the core MC in the metal nanoparticle NP may be modified with a ligand LD. The ligands LD may each include a head HP bonded to the surface MC_SF of the core MC in the metal nanoparticle NP and a tail TP bonded to the head HP. In the ligand LD, the head HP may be a portion directly bonded to the metal nanoparticle NP. The head HP may include an oxygen atom. The tail TP may include a carbon atom bonded to the oxygen atom of the head HP. The oxygen atom of the head HP and the carbon atom of the tail TP may constitute an alkoxy group. The tail TP may include a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted carbonyl group. The carbon atom of the tail TP may be a carbon atom constituting a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a carbon atom constituting a substituted carbonyl group.

[0195] The ligand LD may include an alkoxy group. The alkoxy group may be directly bonded to the surface MC_SF of the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP. The alkoxy group may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1. The ligand LD may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1. The oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be a compound including a peroxide group. The ligand LD derived from the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may not include a hydroxyl group. The ligand LD derived from the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may not include a nitrogen atom.

[0196] [Formula 1]

[0197]

[0198] In formula 1, R 1 and R 2 may be each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted carbonyl group, except that R 1 and R 2 may not be hydrogen atoms at the same time. 1 and R 2 One of them may be an alkyl group, and R 1 and R 2 The other of R can be a hydrogen atom. 1 and R 2 can be independently substituted alkyl having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or substituted carbonyl. In another embodiment, R 1 and R 2 The same may be used as long as they are not all hydrogen atoms. However, this is only an example, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0199] For example, the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one of Formulas 1-1 to 1-3. Formula 1-1 may represent R in Formula 1. 1 and R 2Formula 1-2 can represent the case where one of R in Formula 1 is a hydrogen atom. 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Formula 1-3 may represent a case in which R in Formula 1 1 and R 2 Each independently represents a substituted carbonyl group.

[0200] [Formula 1-1]

[0201]

[0202] [Formula 1-2]

[0203]

[0204] [Formula 1-3]

[0205]

[0206] In Formula 1-1 to Formula 1-3, R 11 To R 21 Each of R and R may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms. 11 To R 21 Each independently may be a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0207] In an embodiment, the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 may be any compound selected from Compound Group 1. The oxygen-containing compound may include at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1:

[0208] [Compound Group 1]

[0209]

[0210] In compound group 1, compound 1 may be cumene hydroperoxide, compound 2 may be dicumyl peroxide, compound 3 may be tert-butyl peroxide, compound 4 may be benzoyl peroxide, and compound 5 may be lauroyl peroxide.

[0211] In the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1, the oxygen-oxygen bond dissociates, and thus oxygen-containing free radicals can be generated. For example, in the oxygen-containing compound, the oxygen-oxygen bond constituting the peroxide group dissociates, and thus oxygen-containing free radicals can be generated. The oxygen-containing free radicals may include alkoxy groups. The oxygen-containing free radicals may constitute a ligand LD bonded to the surface of the core MC. The oxygen atom in the oxygen-containing free radical may include an unshared odd electron. The oxygen atom including the unshared odd electron may be directly bonded to the surface of the core MC. The oxygen-containing free radical may be represented by Formula 2-1 or Formula 2-2:

[0212] [Formula 2-1]

[0213]

[0214] [Formula 2-2]

[0215]

[0216] In formula 2-1 and formula 2-2, R a1 To R a4 Each may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms.

[0217] As an example, Figure 8 The oxygen-containing free radical represented by Formula 2-1 is bonded to the surface MC_SF of the core MC. Figure 8 In, R a1 To R a3 Any two of the groups may be unsubstituted methyl groups, and R a1 To R a3 The other groups in it may be unsubstituted phenyl. However, this is only an example, and R a1 To R a3 Not limited to this. Figure 8 Although not shown, the oxygen-containing radical represented by Formula 2-2 may be bonded to the surface MC_SF of the core MC.

[0218] Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal nanoparticle NP-a according to another embodiment. The ligands LD and LD-a may be provided as a plurality of ligands, and at least one of the ligands LD and LD-a may be different. Fig. 9 In the description of Figures 1 to 8 Features described, and different features will be described.

[0219] Fig. 9 The metal nanoparticles NP-a shown in Figure 7The metal nanoparticles NP shown in FIG. 1 are different at least in that the metal nanoparticles NP-a may include a first ligand LD and a second ligand LD-a that may be different from each other. Fig. 9 Five first ligands LD and three second ligands LD-a are shown, but the number of the first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a is not limited thereto. The positions of the first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a bonded are not limited to Fig. 9 The location shown in .

[0220] In an embodiment, the first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a may each include an alkoxy group. The first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a may each include an alkoxy group directly bonded to the core MC. The first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a may differ in the group bonded to the carbon atom constituting the alkoxy group.

[0221] In an embodiment, the first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a may include a head HP and tails TP and TP-a. The head HP of the first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a may be the same. The head HP of the first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a may include an oxygen atom. The tail TP of the first ligand LD may be different from the tail TP-a of the second ligand LD-a. The tail TP of the first ligand LD and the tail TP-a of the second ligand LD-a may each be bonded to the oxygen atom of the head HP and include a carbon atom constituting an alkoxy group. The group bonded to the carbon atom in the tail TP of the first ligand LD may be different from the group bonded to the carbon atom in the tail TP-a of the second ligand LD-a.

[0222] For example, the first ligand LD may be composed of an oxygen-containing free radical represented by Formula 2-1 as described above, and the second ligand LD-a may be composed of an oxygen-containing free radical represented by Formula 2-2 as described above. However, this is only an example, and the composition of the first ligand LD and the second ligand LD-a is not limited thereto.

[0223] The metal nanoparticle NP according to the embodiment may include a core MC and a ligand LD bonded to the core MC. The core MC may include a metal oxide. The ligand LD may include an alkoxy group, and the oxygen atom of the alkoxy group may be directly bonded to the surface MC_SF of the core MC. In the case where the ligand LD is bonded to the core MC of the surface MC_SF, the defects of the surface MC_SF may be eliminated. Oxygen vacancies and surface defects may exist in the surface of the core including the metal oxide, and when the ligand including the alkoxy group is not bonded to the surface, charges may be trapped in the surface of the core during the operation of the light-emitting element. In an embodiment, the charge may not be injected into the emission layer, and thus the light-emitting element degrades. In another embodiment, the defects of the metal nanoparticle NP including the ligand LD having an alkoxy group bonded to the core MC are minimized (or eliminated), and the degradation of the light-emitting elements ED and ED-a may be minimized (or prevented) as a result, and contribute to improving the service life and luminous efficiency.

[0224] In the method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment to be described later, the metal nanoparticles NP may be included in the composition COP (see Fig.14 The metal nanoparticles NP including the ligand LD bonded to the core MC exhibit excellent stability over time and can be provided by an inkjet printing method or by a drop coating method.

[0225] The light emitting element according to the embodiment may be manufactured using the method for manufacturing the light emitting element according to the embodiment. The display device according to the embodiment may include the light emitting element manufactured using the method for manufacturing the light emitting element according to the embodiment.

[0226] Fig. 10A is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment. Fig. 10B is a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to another embodiment. Figures 11 to 13 Each is a schematic diagram of a step for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment. Fig.14 It is shown Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the enlarged area AA' in FIG. FIG. 10A to FIG. 14 In the description of Figures 1 to 9 Features described, and different features will be described.

[0227] refer to Fig. 10A and Fig. 10B, the method for manufacturing a light-emitting element according to an embodiment may include a step (S100) for forming a first electrode, a step (S300) for forming an emission layer on the first electrode, and a step (S500) for forming a second electrode on the emission layer. The method for manufacturing a light-emitting element according to an embodiment may include steps (S200 and S450) for forming an electron transport region and steps (S400 and S250) for forming a hole transport region. In an embodiment, one of the steps of forming the electron transport region (S200 and S450) and forming the hole transport region (S400 and S250) may be performed between the step (S100) for forming the first electrode and the step (S300) for forming the emission layer, and the other step may be performed between the step (S300) for forming the emission layer and the step (S500) for forming the second electrode.

[0228] refer to Fig. 10A , the step (S200) for forming the electron transport region may be performed between the step (S100) for forming the first electrode and the step (S300) for forming the emission layer, and the step (S400) for forming the hole transport region may be performed between the step (S300) for forming the emission layer and the step (S500) for forming the second electrode. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) on the electron transport region ETR (see FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) is formed on the emission layer EML (see FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ), and can be formed in the emission layer EML (see FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) on the hole transport region HTR (see FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ) is formed on the second electrode EL2 (see FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ).

[0229] In another embodiment, reference Fig. 10B , the step (S250) for forming the hole transport region may be performed between the step (S100) for forming the first electrode and the step (S300) for forming the emission layer, and the step (S450) for forming the electron transport region may be performed between the step (S300) for forming the emission layer and the step (S500) for forming the second electrode. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D ) on the hole transport region HTR (see FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D ) is formed on the emission layer EML (see FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D ), and can be formed in the emission layer EML (see FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D ) on the electron transport region ETR (see FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D ) is formed on the second electrode EL2 (see FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D ).

[0230] In an embodiment, at least one of the steps for forming the electron transport region (S200 and S450) and the steps for forming the hole transport region (S400 and S250) may include providing a method including metal nanoparticles NP (see Fig.14 ) of the composition COP (see Fig.14 ) step. The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment may include providing a composition COP (see Fig.14 ) step before the step for preparing metal nanoparticles NP (see Fig.11 ).

[0231] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of steps for preparing metal nanoparticles NP. Metal nanoparticles NP can be generated from preparatory metal nanoparticles P-NP. Preparatory metal nanoparticles P-NP can include a core MC and a preparatory ligand P-LD bonded to the core MC. For example, the preparatory ligand P-LD can include a hydroxyl group.

[0232] The prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP can be dispersed in an aqueous solvent. The aqueous solvent can include hydroxyl groups. For example, the aqueous solvent can include methanol or ethanol. However, this is only an example, and the aqueous solvent is not limited to any specific embodiment, as long as it allows the prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP to be easily dispersed.

[0233] The oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 as described above may be provided to the preliminary metal nanoparticles P-NP. Fig.11 The "step 1" in Formula 1 may refer to a step for providing an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 as described above. 1 and R 2 May be the same as described herein.

[0234] [Formula 1]

[0235]

[0236] In an embodiment, in the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1, an oxygen-oxygen bond may be dissociated to form an oxygen-containing radical, and the oxygen-containing radical may be bonded to the core MC, and thus the metal nanoparticle NP including the core MC and the ligand LD may be generated.

[0237] When the oxygen-containing radical is formed and bonded to the core MC, it may be performed at the first temperature. When the oxygen-containing radical is formed and bonded to the core MC, a stirrer may be used.

[0238] The first temperature is a temperature at which heat is provided, and may be a temperature higher than the self-decomposition temperature of the oxygen-containing compound. The self-decomposition temperature may be a temperature at which the oxygen-containing compound decomposes itself to form oxygen-containing free radicals. For example, the self-decomposition temperature of the oxygen-containing compound may be about 100° C. At the first temperature, the oxygen-containing free radicals may be bonded to the core MC. The oxygen-containing free radicals may be bonded to the core MC, and the preparatory ligand P-LD may be removed from the core MC. The bond between the core MC and the preparatory ligand P-LD may be dissociated. The generated metal nanoparticles NP may be included in the composition COP (see Fig.14 ) to provide.

[0239] Fig.12 The first electrode EL1 is provided with a metal nanoparticle NP according to an embodiment (see Fig.14 ) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steps of forming a composition COP. The first electrode EL1 may be disposed on the base layer BS. For example, the first electrode EL1 may be disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL disposed on the base layer BS. When performing Fig.12 When the manufacturing steps shown in FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D The light emitting elements ED and ED-a to ED-c are shown in FIG.

[0240] Fig.13 The emission layer EML is provided with a metal nanoparticle NP according to an embodiment (see Fig.14 ) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the steps of preparing a composition COP. Fig.13 and Fig.12 The difference is at least that the step of forming the emission layer EML can be performed before the step of providing the composition COP. Fig.13 When the manufacturing steps shown in FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D The light emitting elements ED-d to ED-g are shown in FIG.

[0241] refer to Fig.13 , the emission layer EML can be formed by providing a quantum dot composition including quantum dots QD-C. The quantum dot composition may include quantum dots QD-C and a solvent in which the quantum dots QD-C are dispersed. For example, the quantum dots QD-C may be dispersed in an organic solvent and may be provided by an inkjet printing method or provided by a drop coating method.

[0242] Fig.14 It is shown Fig.12 , and may be a diagram schematically showing the COP of a composition. Hereinafter, the description of the COP of a composition may be equally applied to Fig.12 and Fig.13 In the following, reference is made to Figure 12 to Figure 14 Give a description.

[0243] In an embodiment, the composition COP including the metal nanoparticles NP may be provided by an inkjet printing method or a drop coating method. In an embodiment, the metal nanoparticles NP may include a core MC (see Figure 8 ) and the surface MC_SF of the core MC (see Figure 8 ) bonded ligand LD (see Figure 8 ). The core MC may include a metal oxide, and the ligand LD may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1, and may include an alkoxy group. The metal nanoparticles NP, which may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 and composed of the ligand LD including an alkoxy group, exhibit excellent stability over time and may be provided by an inkjet printing method or a drop coating method. Therefore, the method for manufacturing a light-emitting element according to the embodiment may exhibit excellent manufacturing reliability and efficiency.

[0244] When the ligand LD including an alkoxy group is not bonded to the core MC and is dispersed in the composition COP (see Fig.14 ) is provided in the ligand LD, the ligand LD will self-decompose, and the stability over time will deteriorate. The ligand LD including an alkoxy group decomposes itself at a certain temperature (e.g., a predetermined or selectable temperature) to form free radicals, and when the formed free radicals are dispersed, the stability deteriorates over time. Therefore, in an embodiment, when the ligand LD including an alkoxy group is not bonded to the core MC and is provided by being dispersed in the composition COP, the ligand LD may not be suitable for being provided by an inkjet printing method or by a drop coating method. In another embodiment, the metal nanoparticle NP derived from the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 as described above and including an alkoxy group ligand LD directly bonded to the core MC can exhibit excellent stability over time.

[0245] Fig.12 and Fig.13 It is shown that the composition COP is provided through the nozzle NZ, but the device for providing the composition COP is not limited thereto. The composition COP including the metal nanoparticles NP having excellent stability over time may be provided through an inkjet printing method or a drop coating method.

[0246] refer to Fig.14 , the composition COP may include a first solvent CV in which metal nanoparticles NP are dispersed. The first solvent CV may be provided as a material in which the metal nanoparticles NP are easily dispersed. For example, the first solvent CV may be a material containing a hydroxyl group. However, this is only an example, and the first solvent CV is not limited thereto.

[0247] Figure 12 to Figure 14 It is shown that the composition COP including metal nanoparticles NP according to the embodiment can be provided to form an electron transport region ETR (see 5A to 6D ), but the embodiment is not limited thereto. Although not shown in the drawings, a composition COP including the metal nanoparticles NP according to the embodiment may be provided to form a hole transport region HTR (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ).

[0248] Hereinafter, with reference to examples and comparative examples, the light emitting element according to the embodiment will be described in detail. The examples and comparative examples described below are only for helping to understand the present disclosure, and the scope of the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0249] [Examples and comparative examples]

[0250] 1. Manufacturing of light-emitting elements

[0251] The light-emitting elements of the examples and comparative examples were manufactured by the following method. On a glass substrate cut into a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, ITO / Ag / ITO was deposited as a first electrode. On the first electrode, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS) was deposited to form A film of 1000 mm thick was prepared and baked at 140° C. for 10 minutes to form a hole injection layer. On the hole injection layer, poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4′-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)diphenylamine)] (TFB) was deposited to form a The film was formed into a film having a thickness of 1000 Å and baked at 140° C. for 10 minutes to form a hole transport layer.

[0252] On the hole transport layer, InP / ZnSe / ZnS is arranged to form A film of 1000 mm thick was formed and baked at 140° C. for 10 minutes to form an emission layer. On the emission layer, a composition including metal nanoparticles was provided to form A material for forming each of the electron transport layer, the emission layer, the hole transport layer, and the hole injection layer is provided in the form of a composition using a spin coating device. On the electron injection layer, AgMg is deposited under vacuum using an evaporator to form thick second electrode.

[0253] The light-emitting elements of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 are different in the composition provided during the formation of the electron transport layer. In the light-emitting elements of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, the composition provided during the formation of the electron transport layer includes metal nanoparticles, the cores of the metal nanoparticles are the same, and only the ligands are different. The cores of the metal nanoparticles include ZnMgO and are generated by a low-temperature sol-gel method.

[0254] The light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 includes an electron transport layer formed by providing a composition including the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1, the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1 not including a ligand derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1. The metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1 have a ligand composed of a free radical represented by Formula X-1, the ligand being bonded to the surface thereof.

[0255] [Formula X-1]

[0256]

[0257] In the metal nanoparticles of Comparative Example 1, the ligand includes an alkoxy group. However, the sulfur atom is directly bonded to the surface of the metal nanoparticle, while the oxygen atom of the alkoxy group is not directly bonded to the surface of the metal nanoparticle.

[0258] The composition provided during the formation of the electron transport layer in the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2 includes free radicals derived from Compound 2 of Compound Group 1 as described above, but the free radicals are not bonded to the core of the metal nanoparticles but are provided in the composition in a dispersed form. For example, in Comparative Example 2, the oxygen-containing compound is not provided during the preparation of the metal nanoparticles but is added to the composition including the metal nanoparticles.

[0259] In the light-emitting element of Example 1, an electron transport layer is formed by providing a composition including metal nanoparticles according to an embodiment. The light-emitting element of Example 1 includes an electron transport layer formed from a composition including metal nanoparticles, in which a ligand derived from compound 2 of compound group 1 is bonded to a core. The composition is stirred for 1 hour to form free radicals and bond the free radicals to the core. Metal nanoparticles are generated at a first temperature higher than the self-decomposition temperature of the oxygen-containing compound. Formula Z1 represents a free radical derived from compound 2:

[0260] [Formula Z1]

[0261]

[0262] 2. Evaluation of light-emitting components

[0263] Table 1 shows evaluations of driving voltage and luminous efficiency in the light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Example 1. 2 The driving voltage was evaluated based on a current density of , and the luminous efficiency was evaluated based on a brightness of 2,000 nit. The driving voltage and luminous efficiency were measured by using Keithley's SMU 236.

[0264] [Table 1]

[0265]

[0266]

[0267] Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the light-emitting element of Example 1 has a low driving voltage and a high luminous efficiency compared to the light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2. The light-emitting element of Example 1 includes a ligand derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 according to an embodiment, and the ligand includes an alkoxy group. In the light-emitting element of Example 1, the electron transport layer includes metal nanoparticles including a ligand including an alkoxy group, and the alkoxy group is directly bonded to the surface of the core. Therefore, in the embodiment, it can be seen that the light-emitting element including metal nanoparticles including a ligand derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 and including an alkoxy group exhibits a low driving voltage and high efficiency.

[0268] In the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1, the electron transport layer includes metal nanoparticles, but does not include ligands derived from the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1. In the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2, the electron transport layer includes metal nanoparticles, but the free radicals derived from the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 are not bonded to the core and are provided in a dispersed form. Therefore, the light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 show relatively high driving voltages and low luminous efficiencies.

[0269] Fig.15 is a graph showing changes over time in the relative brightness ratio of light emitting elements according to the comparative example and the example. Fig.15 The graph in the figure is the measurement result using the luminance meter PR650.

[0270] refer to Fig.15 , it can be seen that the light-emitting element of Example 1 exhibits uniform brightness over time, and the uniform brightness is maintained for a relatively long period of time, compared with the light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. It can be seen that the light-emitting element of Example 1 has a longer service life than the light-emitting elements of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In the light-emitting element of Example 1, the electron transport layer includes metal nanoparticles including ligands including alkoxy groups directly bonded to the surface of the core. Therefore, in the embodiment, it can be seen that the light-emitting element including metal nanoparticles including ligands including alkoxy groups in the oxygen-containing compound represented by the derivative free formula 1 exhibits long service life characteristics.

[0271] In the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1, the electron transport layer includes metal nanoparticles but does not include a ligand derived from the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1. Therefore, the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 1 shows a significant decrease in luminance over time and a short lifetime.

[0272] In the light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2, the electron transport layer includes metal nanoparticles, but the ligand derived from the oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1 is provided in a dispersed form instead of being bonded to the core. The light-emitting element of Comparative Example 2 has a luminance with a large degree of variation due to a decrease in stability of the light-emitting element over time, and exhibits a relatively low luminance over time.

[0273] The display device according to the embodiment may include the light-emitting element according to the embodiment. The light-emitting element according to the embodiment may be manufactured by the method for manufacturing the light-emitting element according to the embodiment. The method for manufacturing the light-emitting element according to the embodiment may include a step for providing a composition including metal nanoparticles to form an electron transport region and / or a hole transport region. In the light-emitting element according to the embodiment, at least one of the electron transport region and the hole transport region may include metal nanoparticles comprising a core and a ligand bonded to the core. The ligand may be derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1, and may include an alkoxy group. Therefore, the composition including the metal nanoparticles exhibits excellent stability over time and may be provided by an inkjet printing method or by a drop coating method. The method for manufacturing the light-emitting element according to the embodiment may exhibit excellent manufacturing reliability and efficiency.

[0274] The light emitting element including the metal nanoparticles according to the embodiment may exhibit characteristics of low driving voltage, high efficiency and long lifespan. The display device including the light emitting element according to the embodiment may exhibit excellent display efficiency and display lifespan.

[0275] The light emitting element and the display device including the light emitting element according to the embodiment may exhibit excellent light emitting efficiency and lifetime by including the metal nanoparticles including the ligand including the alkoxy group.

[0276] The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to the embodiment includes providing metal nanoparticles including a ligand including an alkoxy group, and thus may exhibit excellent manufacturing reliability and efficiency.

[0277] Embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although terms are employed, they are used and interpreted in a general and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. In some cases, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with an embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments, unless otherwise specifically stated. Therefore, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A light emitting element, wherein: The light emitting element comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode, disposed on the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising quantum dots; a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and An electron transport region is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein: The emission layer is disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region, At least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region includes metal nanoparticles, The metal nanoparticles include: a core comprising a metal oxide; and a ligand bonded to the core, the ligand comprising an alkoxy group, and The alkoxy group is derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 Among them, in formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted carbonyl group, except that R1 and R2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.

2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The alkoxy group is directly bonded to the surface of the core.

3. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The oxygen-containing compound is selected from compound group 1: Compound Group 1 4. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The ligand is provided as a plurality of ligands, and At least one of the plurality of ligands is different from the remaining ligands.

5. The light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein: The metal oxide includes at least one of SnO, SnO2, CuGaO2, Ga2O3, Cu2O, SrCu2O2, SrTiO3, CuAlO2, Ta2O5, NiO, BaSnO3 and TiO2; or The metal oxide is represented by formula M-1: Formula M-1 Zn (1-q) Me q O Among them, in formula M-1, q is a real number between 0 and 0.3, and Me is Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pb, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

6. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The electron transport region comprises: an electron injection layer; and an electron transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer or between the emission layer and the second electrode, and At least one of the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer includes the metal nanoparticles.

7. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The hole transport region comprises: a hole injection layer; and a hole transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer or between the emission layer and the second electrode, and At least one of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer includes the metal nanoparticles.

8. A method for manufacturing a light emitting element, wherein: The method comprises: forming a first electrode; forming an emission layer on the first electrode; forming a second electrode on the emission layer; forming a hole transport region; and An electron transport region is formed, wherein performing one of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region between the forming of the first electrode and the forming of the emission layer, performing another step among said forming of said hole transport region and said forming of said electron transport region between said forming of said emission layer and said forming of said second electrode, At least one of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region comprises providing a composition comprising metal nanoparticles, The metal nanoparticles include: a core comprising a metal oxide; and a ligand bonded to the core, the ligand comprising an alkoxy group, and The alkoxy group is derived from an oxygen-containing compound represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 Among them, in formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted carbonyl group, except that R1 and R2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The method further comprises: said metal nanoparticles are generated prior to said providing of said composition, wherein, The generating of the metal nanoparticles comprises: preparing a preliminary metal nanoparticle including the core and a preliminary ligand bonded to the core; providing the oxygen-containing compound to the preliminary metal nanoparticles; and The ligand generated by dissociation of the oxygen-oxygen bond of the oxygen-containing compound is bonded to the core.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: performing said bonding of said ligand to said core at a first temperature providing heat, The first temperature is higher than the self-decomposition temperature of the oxygen-containing compound, and The autodecomposition temperature is defined as the temperature at which the oxygen-containing compound decomposes itself to form oxygen-containing free radicals.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein: In the bonding of the ligand to the core, the preliminary ligand is removed from the core.

12. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The preliminary metal nanoparticles are provided by being dispersed in an aqueous solvent containing a hydroxyl group.

13. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The composition is provided by an inkjet printing method or by a drop coating method.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The oxygen-containing compound is selected from compound group 1: Compound Group 1 15. A display device, wherein: The display device comprises: The display element layer is arranged on the substrate layer, wherein: The display element layer comprises: The light emitting element according to any one of claims 1 to 7; and a pixel defining film in which a pixel opening is defined, The first electrode is disposed in the pixel opening.

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