Operating in network with variable power

Abstract

Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) operation in a network with variable power transmission (e.g., based on an energy saving mode of operation). A device (e.g., a WTRU) may be configured to perform one or more actions. The device may receive configuration information indicating a power offset associated with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The device may receive a power offset change for the CSI-RS resource. The device may determine an adjusted power offset associated with the CSI-RS resource based on the power offset and the power offset change. The device may determine CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset. The device may transmit a CSI feedback report.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 395,997, filed on August 8, 2022, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Art

[0003] Mobile communications using wireless communications continue to evolve. The fifth generation may be referred to as 5G. Previous (legacy) mobile communications may be, for example, fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE). Summary of the invention

[0004] Systems, methods and means are described herein for operation of a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) in a network with variable power transmission (e.g., based on an energy-saving mode of operation). The WTRU may report channel state information (CSI), for example, using relevant assumptions for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission power, which may change dynamically and / or not incur excessive overhead. Auxiliary information may be provided to the network to set the downlink transmission power. The WTRU may receive a configuration for a non-zero power (NZP) CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) resource group. The WTRU may receive dynamic signaling that may indicate a power ratio and / or antenna port subset applicable to a group of resources. The WTRU may report CSI, which may include reporting long-term CSI. The WTRU may report a recommended NZP CSI-RS to PDSCH power ratio, for example, based on a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) that meets the WTRU's requirements.

[0005] A device (e.g., a WTRU) may include one or more of a memory, a receiver, and a transmitter (e.g., a transceiver) or a processor, wherein the device is configured to perform one or more actions. The device may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The device may receive a power offset change for a first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource. The device may transmit a CSI feedback report. The CSI feedback report may indicate CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0006] The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource. The device may receive a power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource. The device may determine an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource. The device may determine CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource.

[0007] The CSI feedback report may include an indication of an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource.

[0008] The first CSI-RS resource may be a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource, and the adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource may be determined as a ratio of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) per resource element energy (EPRE) to the NZP CSI-RS EPRE.

[0009] The first CSI-RS resource may be a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource. The configuration information may include an NES state index, a number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index, and / or an association of a variable antenna port group with the first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine the number of antenna ports for the first CSI-RS resource based on the number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index.

[0010] The CSI feedback report may be based on the determined number of antenna ports used for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0011] The adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource may be the sum of the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0012] A method for wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) operation in a network with variable power transmission (e.g., based on an energy-saving operation mode) may be performed. The method may include receiving configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The method may include receiving a power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource. The method may include determining an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for a first CSI-RS power offset group. The method may include determining CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource. The method may include transmitting a CSI feedback report. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0013] The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a second CSI-RS resource. The method may include: receiving a power offset change for a second CSI-RS resource; determining an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource based on a second power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource; and determining CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of the CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource.

[0014] A device (e.g., a WTRU) may include one or more of a memory, a receiver, and a transmitter (e.g., a transceiver) or a processor, wherein the device is configured to perform one or more actions. The device may receive configuration information. The device may receive configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a first power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The device may receive a second power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine CSI feedback based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the second power offset. The device may transmit a CSI feedback report. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of the CSI feedback.

[0015] The configuration information may indicate that the first CSI-RS resource is associated with a first CSI-RS power offset group.

[0016] The indication of the second power offset may be received after the indication of the first power offset. The device may determine that the second power offset is the last received power offset. The device may determine the CSI feedback based on the last received power offset (e.g., the second power offset).

[0017] The use of the power offset in the determination of CSI feedback may be restricted to using the last received power offset. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0019] Figure 1B is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within an illustrated communication system;

[0020] Figure 1C is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of an example Radio Access Network (RAN) and an example Core Network (CN) used within the illustrated communication system;

[0021] Figure 1D is an example of an embodiment in which Figure 1A A system diagram of another example RAN and another example CN used within the illustrated communication system;

[0022] Figure 2 An example of dynamic power adaptation for CSI measurement and feedback in a variable power network is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Figure 1A 1 is a diagram illustrating an example communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources (including wireless bandwidth). For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word DFT spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0024] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RAN 104 / 113, CN 106 / 115, public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, Internet 110 and other networks 112, but it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the UE 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d (any of which may be referred to as a “station” and / or “STA”) may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals and may include a user equipment (WTRU), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), a consumer electronic device, a device operating on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0025] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device that is configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B, a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a gNB, an NR Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0026] Base station 114a may be part of RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as base station controllers (BSC), radio network controllers (RNC), relay nodes, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to send and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies (which may be referred to as cells (not shown)). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of a licensed spectrum and an unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage of wireless services to a specific geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In an embodiment, base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to send and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0027] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0028] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, and SC-FDMA. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 / 113 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0029] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) that may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0030] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as NR radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0031] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may together implement LTE radio access and NR radio access, for example using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface used by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions transmitted to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0032] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN).

[0033] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in local areas such as commercial venues, homes, vehicles, campuses, industrial facilities, sky corridors (e.g., for use by drones), and roads. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology (such as IEEE 802.11) to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology (such as IEEE 802.15) to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or a femtocell. As Figure 1A As shown, base station 114b may have a direct connection to Internet 110. Therefore, base station 114b may not need to access Internet 110 via CN 106 / 115.

[0034] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Although not described in detail in the text and video, the CN 106 / 115 may be configured to provide voice, data, applications and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or perform high-level security functions, such as user authentication. Figure 1A Although not shown in the figure, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0035] The CN 106 / 115 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or the Internet Protocol (IP) in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired communication networks and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0036] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0037] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0038] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC) and state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal decoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, but it is understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0039] The send / receive element 122 may be configured to send a signal to a base station (e.g., base station 114a) or receive a signal from a base station via an air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to send and / or receive an RF signal. In an embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be a transmitter / detector configured to send and / or receive, for example, an IR, UV, or visible light signal. In another embodiment, the send / receive element 122 may be configured to send and / or receive both an RF signal and an optical signal. It should be understood that the send / receive element 122 may be configured to send and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0040] Although the transmit / receive element 122 Figure 1B Although depicted as a single element in the figure, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0041] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. For example, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers for enabling the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0042] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, and a secure digital (SD) memory card, among others. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0043] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power to the other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0044] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information by any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0045] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software modules and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, module, FM radio unit, digital music player, media player, video game player module, Internet browser, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device and activity tracker, etc. Peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of the following: gyroscope, accelerometer, Hall effect sensor, magnetometer, orientation sensor, proximity sensor, temperature sensor, time sensor; geolocation sensor; altimeter, light sensor, touch sensor, magnetometer, barometer, gesture sensor, biometric sensor and / or humidity sensor.

[0046] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via signal processing performed by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or via the processor 118). In one embodiment, the WRTU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for which transmission and reception of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for both UL (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous.

[0047] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ an E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0048] The RAN 104 may include evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of evolved Node-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the evolved Node-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0049] Each of the evolved Node Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, and scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, among other things. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with one another via an X2 interface.

[0050] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the foregoing elements is depicted as being part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0051] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 162a, 162b, 162c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, bearer activation / deactivation, and selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0052] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the evolved Node-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during an inter-evolved Node-B handover, triggering paging when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0053] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 166, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0054] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include, or may be in communication with, an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0055] Although the WTRU Figures 1A to 1D Although described as wireless terminals, it is contemplated that in certain representative embodiments, such terminals may (eg, temporarily or permanently) use a wired communications interface with a communications network.

[0056] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0057] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for a BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries services to and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and destined for the STA may be reached by the AP and may be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and destined for a target outside the BSS may be transmitted to the AP to be delivered to the corresponding target. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be transmitted by the AP, for example, wherein the source STA may transmit traffic to the AP, and the AP may deliver traffic to the target STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. Point-to-point traffic may be transmitted between the source STA and the target STA (e.g., directly between them) using a direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunnel DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (eg, all STAs in the STA) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to herein as an "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0058] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operation mode or a similar operation mode, the AP may send beacons on a fixed channel (such as a primary channel). The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. For CSMA / CA, a STA (e.g., each STA) (including the AP) may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0059] High throughput (HT) STAs may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel (eg, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels) to form a 40 MHz wide channel.

[0060] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz wide channels. 40MHz channels and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. 160MHz channels can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels, or by combining two non-continuous 80MHz channels (this can be called 80+80 configuration). For 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can pass through a segment parser that can divide the data into two streams. Each stream can be processed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) and time domain processing separately. These streams can be mapped to two 80MHz channels, and the data can be sent by the transmitter STA. At the receiver of the receiver STA, the above-mentioned operation for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be transmitted to the medium access control (MAC).

[0061] 802.11af and 802.11ah support operating modes below 1GHz. Channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah relative to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz, and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah may support instrument type control / machine type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities, including support for (e.g., only support for) certain bandwidths and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain very long battery life).

[0062] WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah) include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be set and / or limited by a STA (which supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode) from all STAs operating in the BSS. In the example of 802.11ah, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) a 1MHz mode, the primary channel may be 1MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings may depend on the state of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy, for example, because a STA (supporting only a 1MHz operating mode) is sending to the AP, the entire available band may be considered busy even if most of the band remains idle and may be available.

[0063] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz, depending on the country code.

[0064] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115 in accordance with an embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0065] The RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to send signals to and / or receive signals from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, the gNB 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to send wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0066] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with parameter sets that may be scalable. For example, OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmit time intervals (TTIs) of varying or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or varying absolute time lengths over time).

[0067] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c while not accessing other RANs (e.g., such as the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as the eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement the DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c may act as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0068] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in UL and / or DL, support of network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards a user plane function (UPF) 184a, 184b and routing of control plane information towards an access and mobility management function (AMF) 182a, 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0069] Figure 1DThe illustrated CN 115 may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possible data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is depicted as part of the CN 115, it should be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0070] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, support of network slicing (e.g., handling of different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, management of registration areas, termination of NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing in order to customize CN support for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of services utilized by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. For example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and / or services for machine type communication (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0071] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 115 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 115 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0072] The UPF 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via the N3 interface, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b may perform other functions, such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring, etc.

[0073] The CN 115 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired networks and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b via the UPF 184a, 184b via the N3 interface to the UPF 184a, 184b and the N6 interface between the UPF 184a, 184b and the DN 185a, 185b.

[0074] Given that Figures 1A to 1D as well as Figures 1A to 1D Corresponding to the description of the present invention, one or more or all of the functions described herein with reference to one or more of the following may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU102a-d, base station 114a-b, evolved Node B 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN 185a-b and / or any other device described herein. The simulation device may be one or more devices configured to mimic one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the simulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0075] The simulation device may be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or in an operator network environment. For example, one or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in order to test other devices within the communication network. One or more simulation devices may perform one or more functions or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device may be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or may use over-the-air wireless communications to perform testing.

[0076] One or more simulation devices can perform one or more (including all) functions without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or a non-deployed (e.g., testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement testing of one or more components. One or more simulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuits (e.g., which can include one or more antennas) can be used by the simulation device to send and / or receive data.

[0077] A radio access network (eg, 3GPP RAN) may implement network energy saving. The network may minimize its power consumption for transmission and / or reception. Minimization of power consumption may be beneficial in reducing operating costs and improving environmental sustainability.

[0078] For example, the network (e.g., New Radio (NR)) may be (e.g., very) efficient from the perspective of minimizing transmissions from the network when there is no data. The network (e.g., NR) may not use an always-on cell-specific reference signal (CRS). Energy consumption may (e.g., additionally and / or alternatively) be reduced, e.g., as described herein.

[0079] For example, the network may consume energy when it is not transmitting during other activities such as baseband (e.g., digital) processing for reception or beamforming. Such "idle" power consumption may be considerable in dense networks (e.g., even when no WTRUs are being served during a given period). For example, if the network shuts down these activities when not transmitting to the WTRU, energy consumption may be reduced.

[0080] A network (e.g., NR) may support beamforming with multiple (e.g., many) ports (e.g., up to 64 transmit and receive ports). Energy consumption may increase with the number of ports utilized. Not all WTRUs need to use the maximum number of ports. For example, if the network is able to adjust the number of ports (e.g., only to the number of ports required), energy consumption may be reduced.

[0081] Network energy savings may improve the operation of the cellular ecosystem to enable more efficient adaptation of network transmit and receive resources in the time, frequency, space, and power domains (e.g., with support, feedback, and / or other assistance from the WTRU). Echo-friendly WTRU operation may support the deployment of greener network deployments, thereby reducing emissions and / or reducing operating expense (OPEX) costs for operating cellular networks. Some networks (e.g., NR) may not (e.g., unlike other networks such as Long Term Evolution (LTE)) require always-on synchronization or transmission of reference signals and / or may support adaptable bandwidth and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capabilities. Power savings may be achieved without impacting some WTRUs (e.g., legacy WTRUs). Adaptation of network resources may enable greater efficiency when operating newer deployments and later generations.

[0082] Channel state information (CSI) may include, for example, one or more of the following: a channel quality index (CQI); a rank indicator (RI); a precoding matrix index (PMI); an L1 channel measurement (e.g., a reference signal received power (RSRP), such as L1-RSRP or a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)); a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource indicator (CRI); a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block resource indicator (SSBRI); a layer indicator (LI); or any other measurement quantity measured by the WTRU (e.g., based on a configured CSI-RS or SS / PBCH block).

[0083] Uplink control information (UCI) may include one or more of the following: CSI; hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback for one or more HARQ processes; scheduling request (SR); link recovery request (LRR); configured grant UCI (CG-UCI); or other control information bits that may be transmitted on the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and / or the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0084] Channel conditions may include conditions related to the state of the radio / channel, which may be determined by the WTRU, for example, based on one or more of: WTRU measurements; L3 / mobility based measurements (e.g., RSRP, reference signal reception quality (RSRQ)); radio link monitoring (RLM) status; and / or channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the channel is occupied based on a determination made based on a listen-before-talk (LBT) process, or whether the channel is deemed to have experienced a consistent LBT failure).

[0085] WTRU measurements that may be used to determine channel conditions may include one or more of the following: L1 / SINR / RSRP, channel quality indicator (CQI), modulation and coding scheme (MCS), channel occupancy, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), power headroom, or exposure headroom.

[0086] Physical random access channel (PRACH) resources may include one or more of the following: PRACH resources (e.g., in frequency); PRACH opportunity (RO) (e.g., in time); preamble format (e.g., in terms of total preamble duration, sequence length, guard time duration and / or length of cyclic prefix); or a (e.g., specific) preamble sequence that can be used to transmit a preamble during a random access procedure.

[0087] Attributes of the scheduling information (e.g., an uplink grant or a downlink allocation) may include, for example, one or more of the following: frequency allocation; aspects of time allocation, such as duration; priority; modulation and coding scheme; transport block size; number of spatial layers; number of transport blocks to be carried; TCI status or SRI; number of repetitions; or an indication of whether the grant is a configured grant type 1, type 2, or a dynamic grant.

[0088] An indication of downlink control information (DCI) and / or another indication may include, for example, one or more of the following: an (e.g., explicit) indication via a DCI field or via a radio network identifier (RNTI) used to mask a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH); an (e.g., implicit) indication via attributes such as DCI format, DCI size, control resource set (CORESET) and / or search space; an aggregation level; or an identification of a first control channel resource of the DCI (e.g., an index to a first control channel element (CCE)) (e.g., where the mapping between attributes and values ​​may be signaled by radio resource control (RRC) and / or medium access control (MAC)).

[0089] The terms network availability state and network energy saving (NES) state may be used interchangeably.

[0090] A network availability state and / or NES state may be provided (e.g., indicated, determined, selected, etc.). The WTRU may determine whether to transmit or receive on a resource, for example, based on the network availability state, which may imply a power saving state of a node (e.g., a gNB). The availability state may correspond to a network energy saving state or a gNB activity level. The availability state may be uplink and / or downlink specific. The availability state may change from symbol to symbol, slot to slot, frame to frame, and / or at a longer duration granularity. The availability state may be determined by the WTRU or indicated by the network (NW). The availability state may be, for example, "on", "off", "reduce Tx power", "sleep", "micro sleep", or "deep sleep". The availability state may be abstracted by a NW configuration parameter and / or value. The "off" availability state may indicate (e.g., imply) that the baseband hardware of the node (gNB) is (e.g., completely) turned off. The "sleep" availability state may indicate that the node (e.g., gNB) may wake up (e.g., periodically) to transmit signals (e.g., presence signals, synchronization and / or reference signals) and / or receive UL signals. In some examples, one or more availability states may have unavailable DL and / or UL resources (e.g., during certain time periods), which may enable the network to shut down baseband processing and / or other activities (e.g., to reduce power consumption). Some measurement resources (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS) may be made available (e.g., only) in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states.

[0091] A WTRU may (e.g., under certain conditions) send a request (e.g., a wake-up request) to the network to modify the availability state to a state where one or more resources are available to the WTRU. The wake-up request may include a transmission that is decodable by a (e.g., low complexity) receiver at a node (e.g., a gNB) (e.g., whose energy consumption requirement is minimal). Here, wake-up request, turn-on request, and turn-on WTRU assistance information may be used interchangeably. In one or more availability states (e.g., a "micro-sleep" or "deep sleep" state), a wake-up request may be (e.g., exclusively) used. A wake-up request may refer to (e.g., implemented by) a physical uplink signal sent by the WTRU to request a change in the availability state. The wake-up request signal may be implemented based on a physical layer configuration. The turn-on request may (e.g., otherwise) be a physical layer indication or L2 indication from the WTRU to the network. The turn-on request indication may be delivered as a MAC CE, UCI, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, PUCCH, or RACH indication. The turn-on request indication may include turn-on WTRU assistance information and / or a positioning report.

[0092] The WTRU may determine the availability state based on (e.g., receiving) an availability state indication (e.g., from L1 / L2 signaling, such as a group common DCI or indication). The WTRU may determine the availability state (e.g., implicitly) from the receipt of periodic DL signaling (e.g., or without periodic DL signaling). The WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception and / or measurement for the determined network availability state, for example, based on whether resources are applicable to an active availability state.

[0093] The availability status may apply to at least one transmit, receive and / or measure resource. The availability status may apply to at least one time period, such as a time slot and / or a time symbol. The availability status may apply to a serving cell, a cell group, a frequency band, a bandwidth part (BWP), a TRP, a set of spatial elements, and / or a frequency range within a bandwidth part.

[0094] For example, after receiving DL signaling that changes the availability state of a cell or TRP, the WTRU may determine that the active availability state associated with the cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band is "off", "deep sleep", or "micro sleep". For example, the WTRU may receive an off command on broadcast signaling, RRC signaling, DCI (e.g., group common DCI), and / or DL ​​MAC CE. The WTRU may determine the availability state associated with the cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band, for example, based on the receipt of an availability state indication (e.g., via L1 / L2 signaling, such as a group common DCI or indication).

[0095] The WTRU may (e.g., implicitly) determine an availability state (e.g., “off,” “deep sleep,” “micro sleep,” or “sleep”) associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band, e.g., based on one or more of: receiving a command or signal indicating a change in availability state; a gNB DTX state (e.g., indication whether the gNB is in active time or an associated activity timer is running); lack of detection of a presence indication; time (e.g., time of day); availability state of an associated cell (e.g., another carrier of the same MAC entity, another carrier in the same cell group, another carrier in the same gNB, another sector in the same gNB, and / or a configured associated cell or capacity boosting cell); detection of a PSS (e.g., PSS-only) signal and / or a (e.g., reduced / reduced) SSB signal; detection of an RS signal (e.g., CSI-RS, Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS)) or lack thereof; RRC state of the WTRU (e.g., idle, inactive, or connected mode); whether paging has been received (e.g., within a configured time window); or whether system information (e.g., periodic SI or a subset of SIBs) has been received (e.g., within a configured time window).

[0096] The WTRU may (e.g., implicitly) determine an availability state (e.g., "off", "deep sleep", "micro sleep", or "dormant") associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band, for example, based on receiving a command or signal indicating a change in the availability state, such as a group common DCI or RRC signaling in connected mode. The WTRU may (e.g., implicitly) determine the availability state, for example, based on the receipt of periodic DL signaling. The WTRU may be configured or specified to associate an availability state with one or more DL signal types (e.g., SSB, partial SSB) and / or one or more periods.

[0097] The WTRU may (e.g., implicitly) determine an availability state (e.g., "off", "deep sleep", "micro sleep", or "dormant") associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band, for example, based on a lack of detection of a presence indication. For example, if no presence indication is detected at one or more presence indication occasions, the WTRU may determine an availability state (e.g., "off" or "deep sleep") associated with a cell. For example, the WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) or change the availability state of a cell based on an error detection (e.g., after multiple consecutive error detections) and / or after a timer expires (e.g., no presence signal is detected). In some examples, after a timer associated with the availability state expires, the WTRU may determine that the availability state is active or deactivated. The WTRU may (e.g., implicitly) determine an availability state, for example, based on the absence of received (e.g., periodic) DL signaling. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a signal quality threshold (e.g., an RSRP threshold). For example, if the WTRU does not detect a signal (e.g., a signal present or SSB) associated with an availability state having a signal strength (e.g., at or above a signal quality threshold), the WTRU may determine that the availability state is not active and / or may determine a different availability state. The criteria / condition may (e.g., also) be combined with a lack of detection of an identification sequence for a signal present (e.g., detection of a PSS sequence).

[0098] The WTRU may (e.g., implicitly) determine an availability state (e.g., "off", "deep sleep", "micro sleep", or "dormant") associated with a cell, carrier, TRP, and / or frequency band, for example, based on time (e.g., time of day). For example, the WTRU may be configured to determine (e.g., automatically assume) a certain availability state (e.g., off, sleep, or dormant) for a configured subset of cells (e.g., capacity boosting cells) based on time (e.g., time of day). In some examples, the WTRU may determine that a capacity boosting cell has an availability state of "on" at a first configured time (e.g., hour of day), an availability state of "deep sleep" at a second configured time (e.g., hour of day), and / or an availability state of "off" at a third configured time (e.g., hour of day).

[0099] A WTRU may be configured to monitor for an indication that may characterize a level of network activity (e.g., availability status). Network activity may be associated with a network node (gNB) and / or a cell. The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) the same availability status for multiple (e.g., all) cells (e.g., cells of the same MAC entity) that are part of the same node (e.g., gNB). A network activity indication (e.g., presence indication) may include a channel (e.g., PDCCH) and / or a signal (e.g., sequence). The activity indication may indicate an activity level (e.g., reduced activity) that the WTRU may expect from the associated gNB and / or cell. The activity indication may include activity information of other gNBs / cells. The activity indication may be a PDCCH with group common signaling. For example, the NW may send a group common DCI to a group of WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in a serving cell) to indicate a change in activity status or activity level in the UL and / or DL. The CRC of the PDCCH may be scrambled with a dedicated "activity indication RNTI". The WTRU may be configured with at least one search space associated with a monitoring opportunity for an activity indication PDCCH. The indication may include, for example, a go to sleep signal, e.g., a (pre)defined / (pre)configured sequence. For example, if / when the WTRU detects the sequence, the WTRU may expect a reduced activity level (e.g., for a specific / configured duration). The WTRU may activate connected mode DRX (C-DRX) for the indicated / configured time period. In some examples, multiple (e.g., two) sequences may be used to indicate normal activity and reduced activity.

[0100] The signaling or activity indication within the PDCCH may include, for example, at least one of: an expected activity level (e.g., availability status) of the associated gNB / cell over a time interval; transmission and / or reception properties of (e.g., each) activity level (e.g., availability status); one or more (e.g., a set of) configurations that can be used / applied for the associated / indicated activity level; a time interval over which the activity level is assumed (e.g., as may be signaled in a PDCCH or part of the activity indication); or a (pre-)determined / (pre-)configured time interval over which the activity level is determined (e.g., assumed).

[0101] Signaling and / or activity indications within the PDCCH may include the expected activity level (e.g., availability status) of the associated gNB / cell over a time interval. The activity level may be predetermined and / or configured. The activity level may include normal and reduced activity. Signaling may indicate the activity level. For example, a bit "1" may indicate normal activity, while a bit "0" may indicate reduced activity.

[0102] Signaling and / or activity indications within the PDCCH may include transmission and reception properties for (e.g., per) activity levels (e.g., availability states). For example, the WTRU may not (e.g., be expected to) monitor a particular PDCCH search space (e.g., including all SSs), receive a particular type of PDSCH (e.g., including all PDSCHs), transmit PUCCH / PUSCH, and / or perform certain measurements (e.g., during reduced activity).

[0103] The signaling and / or activity indication within the PDCCH may include one or more (e.g., a set of) configurations associated with the activity level, which may be used / applied if / when the activity level is indicated. The configuration associated with the activity level may indicate, for example, an SS configuration, a CSI report configuration, an index of a transmitted SSB, etc. A set (e.g., each set) of configurations may have attributes associated with the activity level. The attributes associated with the activity level may include, for example, a label that may be set to "reduced activity".

[0104] Signaling and / or activity indications within the PDCCH may include time intervals over which activity levels are determined / assumed. For example, a bitmap may be used to indicate time intervals. (Eg, each) bit in the bitmap may be associated with a specific duration (e.g., a time slot or frame). For example, a bit "1" may indicate regular activity, while a bit "0" may indicate reduced activity on an associated frame. The time interval may be indicated by a start time and / or an interval length. For example, the start time may be determined by adding a (e.g., fixed) offset to the time at which the indication is received. The length of the interval may be configured or signaled in the indication PDCCH.

[0105] For example, in the event that the current serving cell or capacity enhancement cell is turned off and / or if a certain (e.g., configured, indicated, specified) condition is met, the WTRU may be configured or pre-defined with an alternative serving cell to perform initial access, mobility, or cell reselection. The WTRU may be configured (e.g., per broadcast signaling or dedicated signaling) with a list of fallback or alternative serving cells (e.g., per serving cell or per gNB). For example, the WTRU may initiate a cell reselection and / or mobility procedure to an alternative serving cell associated with the cell or gNB from which the turn-off indication was received. In some examples, the turn-off or sleep indication may indicate to the WTRU (e.g., dynamically) which cell to fall back to or connect to. For example, the indication may be provided via dedicated or broadcast signaling. For example, if the WTRU is in dual connectivity, the fallback cell may be (pre)configured / (pre)defined as a primary node cell. The fallback / alternative cell may be (pre)configured or (pre)defined as a cell associated with a different RAT or frequency band. For example, the WTRU may fall back to an LTE or FR1 cell associated with the cell or gNB from which the shutdown indication was received (e.g., if the WTRU is in carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity (DC) using multiple RATs or multiple frequency bands).

[0106] For example, if applicable to an active availability state, the WTRU may determine that uplink or downlink resources and / or signals may be used for transmission / reception and / or measurement for the determined network availability state. The WTRU may determine that one or more measurement resources and / or signals (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, TRS, PRS) (e.g., a subset thereof) are not applicable in one or more (e.g., certain) availability states. The WTRU may determine that one or more uplink or downlink resources (e.g., PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH) (e.g., a subset thereof) are not applicable in certain availability states. The WTRU may, for example (e.g., only) send one or more (e.g., some) uplink signals in a subset of NW availability states (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS), periodic SRS (pSRS), PRACH, UCI).

[0107] A cell presence indication may be provided. The WTRU may monitor for receipt of a presence indication or signal associated with a gNB configured with one or more availability states (e.g., on, off, dormant, and / or deep sleep). The presence indication may be a physical downlink signal sent by an associated cell or gNB that is sleeping (e.g., in certain availability states such as deep sleep, micro-sleep, dormant, or off). The presence indication may (e.g., alternatively) be downlink information (e.g., downlink information bits) delivered to the WTRU, for example, via broadcast signaling (e.g., system information block (SIB)) or via dedicated signaling (e.g., RRC signaling or MAC CE).

[0108] The WTRU may change to an availability state (e.g., the WTRU assumes "ON") based on (e.g., detected) the presence of a signal / associated with (e.g., detected) the presence of a signal. For example, the WTRU may receive a response (e.g., successfully) from the requested cell. The response may be provided to the sent WTRU assistance information or the connection request. The response may be the reception of a DL signal or channel (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, PRS, PDCCH, DCI, PDSCH, HARQ-ACK) or an L2 message (e.g., RRC message, DL MACCE, Msg2, MsgB, or Msg4). The WTRU may monitor (e.g., start monitoring) additional TRP, SSB and / or CSI-RS resources, for example, after the transmission of wake-up WTRU assistance information or the successful reception of the connection request or response. For example, after the WTRU (e.g., successfully) measures the channel conditions (e.g., RSRP, SINR) above a configured threshold on the measurement resources of the associated cell, the WTRU may change to an availability state associated with detecting the presence of a signal (e.g., ON).

[0109] For example, the presence indication signal may be at least one of: a simplified or streamlined SSB signal, such as PSS / SSS without PBCH multiplexing, wide beam or omnidirectional SSB, PRS, CSI-RS, a signal based on energy sensing detection (e.g., a DL signal associated with waking up the radio, e.g., if the WTRU is equipped with the ability to detect DL signals), a PDSCH or PDCCH received on a different cell or TRP (e.g., on a configured subset of resources), CORESET, or search space, and / or one or more SSBs received on a different cell or TRP (e.g., configured on a subset of SSB opportunities).

[0110] Energy savings may be provided through downlink power reduction. The gNB may achieve network energy savings by reducing downlink transmit power, for example, when there is little traffic. WTRUs that would fall out of coverage after the downlink power reduction may be offloaded to a neighboring gNB. For example, network energy savings may be achieved (e.g., additionally and / or alternatively) by reducing the number of antenna elements used for downlink transmissions. The network may (e.g., dynamically) adjust transmit power parameters, for example, on a per TRP basis, to, for example, maximize performance. The gNB may be configured (e.g., have the capability) to perform the adjustment, which may depend on the physical channel and / or the signal being transmitted.

[0111] The WTRU may provide CSI feedback. The network (e.g., NR) may support CSI feedback reporting from the WTRU, for example, to enable adaptation of PDSCH transmission parameters, such as modulation and coding scheme (MCS). The WTRU may determine the CSI, for example, based on measuring at least one CSI reference signal (CSI-RS) representing a desired channel or interference. The WTRU may determine (e.g., assume) a (e.g., specific) power offset between a reference signal (RS) and a PDSCH to be transmitted. The power offset may be configured for (e.g., per) reference signal (e.g., IE powerControlOffset within NZP-CSI-RS-Resource).

[0112] The power offset between CSI-RS and PDSCH (which may be assumed by the WTRU for CSI feedback) may be different from the power offset used, for example, if the gNB dynamically changes the PDSCH power for energy saving, for example, especially if / when the power offset is semi-statically configured per CSI-RS resource that may be shared with multiple WTRUs. Different power offsets between CSI-RS and PDSCH may (e.g., additionally) affect the quality of equalization at the WTRU receiver side. CSI reporting may not be useful. Performance may be affected, for example, based on inaccurate CSI reports. The network may configure multiple CSI reporting configurations to obtain feedback from multiple possible offsets (e.g., between observed PDSCH received power and configured values), which may result in high overhead on RRC (e.g., due to duplication of configurations), high overhead on PUCCH (e.g., for actual reporting), and / or power estimation errors for the WTRU. Similar issues may occur, for example, if the network dynamically switches (e.g., turns on or off) transmissions from a subset of antenna ports used for PDSCH.

[0113] Some WTRUs (e.g., WTRUs in cell center conditions) may experience much higher received PDSCH power and SINR than required to maintain the selected MCS. For example, the paging area (PA) power may be set jointly for multiple (e.g., all) WTRUs in a cell to meet the link budget constraint of the cell. The gNB may transmit at a much higher power than required for WTRUs with good coverage, which may result in sending more power than required and consuming unnecessary energy. The PDSCH power for cell center WTRUs may be dynamically reduced, for example, based on the channel conditions of the WTRU (e.g., on a per WTRU basis). The dynamic reduction in PDSCH power may result in the WTRU assuming a power offset between the CSI-RS and PDSCH for CSI feedback that is different from the power offset configured for the CSI resources (e.g., semi-statically).

[0114] A device (e.g., a WTRU) may include a processor configured to perform one or more actions. The device may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The configuration information may indicate that the CSI-RS resource is associated with a CSI-RS power offset group. The device may receive a power offset change indication indicating a power offset change for a CSI-RS power offset group. The device may determine an adjusted power offset associated with the CSI-RS resource based on the power offset and the power offset change for the CSI-RS power offset group. The device may determine CSI feedback based on a measurement associated with the CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the CSI-RS resource. The device may transmit a CSI feedback report (e.g., to a network). The CSI feedback report may include an indication of the CSI feedback.

[0115] A device (e.g., a WTRU) may include one or more of a memory, a receiver, and a transmitter (e.g., a transceiver) or a processor, wherein the device is configured to perform one or more actions. The device may receive configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The device may receive a power offset change for a first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource. The device may transmit a CSI feedback report. The CSI feedback report may indicate CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0116] The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource. The device may receive a power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource. The device may determine an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource. The device may determine CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource.

[0117] The CSI feedback report may include an indication of an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource.

[0118] The first CSI-RS resource may be a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource, and the adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource may be determined as a ratio of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) per resource element energy (EPRE) to the NZP CSI-RS EPRE.

[0119] The first CSI-RS resource may be a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource. The configuration information may include an NES state index, a number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index, and / or an association of a variable antenna port group with the first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine the number of antenna ports for the first CSI-RS resource based on the number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index.

[0120] The CSI feedback report may be based on the determined number of antenna ports used for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0121] The adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource may be the sum of the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0122] A method for wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) operation in a network with variable power transmission (e.g., based on an energy-saving operation mode) may be performed. The method may include receiving configuration information. The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The method may include receiving a power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource. The method may include determining an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for a first CSI-RS power offset group. The method may include determining CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource. The method may include transmitting a CSI feedback report. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource.

[0123] The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a second CSI-RS resource. The method may include: receiving a power offset change for a second CSI-RS resource; determining an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource based on a second power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource; and determining CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of the CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource.

[0124] A device (e.g., a WTRU) may include one or more of a memory, a receiver, and a transmitter (e.g., a transceiver) or a processor, wherein the device is configured to perform one or more actions. The device may receive configuration information. The device may receive configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a first power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The device may receive a second power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource. The device may determine CSI feedback based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the second power offset. The device may transmit a CSI feedback report. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of the CSI feedback.

[0125] The configuration information may indicate that the first CSI-RS resource is associated with a first CSI-RS power offset group.

[0126] The indication of the second power offset may be received after the indication of the first power offset. The device may determine that the second power offset is the last received power offset. The device may determine the CSI feedback based on the last received power offset (e.g., the second power offset).

[0127] The use of the power offset in the determination of CSI feedback may be restricted to using the last received power offset.

[0128] The power offset assumption may be changed dynamically for a CSI-RS resource (eg, as described herein, a power offset change may be dynamically signaled to the WTRU, which causes the WTRU to change its power offset assumption).

[0129] The WTRU may report CSI using an assumption for PDSCH transmit power (e.g., CSI feedback as described herein). The assumption for PDSCH transmit power may be changed dynamically. The CSI reports may be generated without incurring excessive overhead.

[0130] The WTRU may receive an indication (eg, in signaling) to set or adjust a value of at least one parameter that the WTRU uses to calculate (eg, and report) CSI.

[0131] Network energy saving (NES) operation modes may be used (e.g., by the gNB). In an example, a node may dynamically switch between multiple NES operation modes based on NES schemes. A first NES operation mode may be a normal mode (e.g., without power constraints) and a second NES operation mode may be an energy saving mode (e.g., with power constraints). The gNB may perform transmission / reception in the first NES operation mode (e.g., normal mode) without one or more network energy saving schemes. The gNB may perform transmission / reception in the second NES operation mode (e.g., energy saving mode) with at least one network energy saving scheme.

[0132] NES schemes and / or availability states may include one or more of the following (e.g., at the gNB): turning transmission or reception on / off; change in transmit power level; on / off operation of one or more antenna ports; relaxing (e.g., reducing) requirements on transmit / receive antennas; or offloading the WTRU to a neighboring cell or gNB.

[0133] The NES scheme may specify turning on / off transmission or reception (e.g., at the gNB). For example, the NES scheme may turn on or off downlink transmission for time resources and / or frequency resources. In an example, the NES scheme may turn off all time / frequency resources (e.g., to reduce energy usage).

[0134] The NES scheme may specify transmission power level changes (e.g., at the gNB). For example, the NES scheme may specify transmission power level changes that should occur in a dynamic or semi-static manner.

[0135] The NES scheme may specify an on / off operation of an antenna port (e.g., each antenna port) (e.g., at a gNB). For example, the NES scheme may specify an off operation (e.g., no operation) for all antenna ports of a gNB.

[0136] The NES scheme may specify relaxed (e.g., reduced) requirements for transmit / receive antennas (e.g., at the gNB). For example, relaxed radio frequency (RF), error vector magnitude (EVM), etc. requirements for transmit / receive antennas (e.g., each transmit / receive antenna) may be specified by the NES scheme.

[0137] The NES scheme may specify offloading of the WTRU (e.g., from a gNB) to a neighboring cell (e.g., or gNB).

[0138] The NES scheme may inform the selection, determination, or configuration of an NES operating mode. An NES operating mode (e.g., each NES operating mode) may be selected, determined, and / or configured (e.g., for use) based on an NES scheme (e.g., a subset thereof) being used. An NES scheme may be selected, determined, and / or configured (e.g., for use) based on an NES operating mode being used. For example, if / when a first NES operating mode is being used, configured, or determined, a first subset of NES schemes may be used; if / when a second NES operating mode is being used, a second subset of NES schemes may be used; and if / when a third NES operating mode is being used, a third subset of NES schemes may be used. A subset (e.g., a subset of NES schemes) may include (e.g., be) an empty set.

[0139] NES operating mode may be used interchangeably with availability state, network availability state, NES state, NES status, NES configuration, NES mode, and NES situation.

[0140] Power control offset adaptation may be provided for one or more parameters.

[0141] The parameter (e.g., for power control offset adaptation) may be, for example, an assumed ratio of PDSCH per resource element energy (EPRE) to non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources for at least one NZP CSI-RS resource configured for channel or interference measurement. In some examples, the signaling may (e.g., directly) indicate an applicable value of the ratio, e.g., in dB. The signaling may (e.g., alternatively) indicate an adjustment to the ratio, e.g., compared to a value (e.g., a value of the ratio) configured by RRC for the NZP CSI-RS resource (e.g., via a powerControlOffset information element (IE)).

[0142] The value (eg, in dB) of the ratio of PDSCH per resource element energy (EPRE) for a CSI-RS resource to the CSI-RS resource may be referred to as a power offset.

[0143] For example, CSI feedback may be determined based on measurements and received power offsets (e.g., the last received power offset) associated with a CSI-RS resource (e.g., based on measurements and only the last received power offset associated with a CSI-RS resource). The power offset may be received directly (e.g., from a network node). The power offset may be used (e.g., upon reception) as an offset to the measurements to determine CSI feedback for the associated CSI-RS resource. The power offset may be used (e.g., upon reception) to determine CSI feedback for a power offset group associated with the corresponding CSI-RS resource.

[0144] In an example, the signaled ratio (e.g., power offset) may be considered an adjusted ratio (e.g., adjusted power offset) (e.g., if the signaled ratio incorporates an adjustment to a power offset previously associated with the CSI-RS resource). The WTRU may use the signaled ratio (e.g., power offset or adjusted power offset) when determining CSI-RS resource feedback. The CSI feedback may be based on the ratio (e.g., power offset) last received by the WTRU. In an example, the WTRU may determine CSI feedback for a CSI-RS resource based on the last received power offset (e.g., without taking into account a previously associated power offset or power offset change, as described herein). The power offset for the CSI-RS resource may be signaled (e.g., without a power offset change) and used to determine CSI feedback.

[0145] The signaling may (e.g., alternatively) indicate an adjustment (e.g., a power offset change) to be made to a ratio (e.g., a power offset) previously associated with a CSI-RS resource. In an example, a power offset change may be signaled (e.g., no power offset or an adjusted power offset). The WTRU may determine an adjusted power offset for the CSI-RS resource based on a power offset previously associated with the CSI-RS resource (e.g., a last received power offset associated with the CSI-RS resource) and the received power offset change. The adjusted power offset may be the sum of the previously associated power offset and the power offset change.

[0146] The WTRU may adjust the ratio based on a signaled power offset change (e.g., a ratio previously configured by RRC for the NZP CSI-RS resource, e.g., via a powerControlOffset information element (IE)). The adjusted ratio (e.g., adjusted power offset) may be the sum of the power offset (e.g., the previously associated power offset) and the received adjustment (e.g., the power offset change). For example, the value of the power offset (e.g., powerControlOffset) may be -3dB and the value of the power offset adjustment (e.g., the power offset change) may be -2dB. The WTRU may determine that the adjusted ratio (e.g., adjusted power offset) to be used when determining CSI feedback is -5dB (e.g., the sum of -3dB and -2dB); see Figure 2 .

[0147] The WTRU may adjust (eg, via receiving a power offset change) or replace (eg, via receiving an adjusted power offset) a ratio (eg, a power offset) associated with a CSI-RS resource.

[0148] The parameter (e.g., for power control offset adaptation) may be, for example, an assumed ratio of NZP CSI-RS to secondary synchronization signal (SSS) EPRE. Signaling may (e.g., directly) indicate an applicable value of the ratio (e.g., in dB). Signaling may (e.g., alternatively) indicate an adjustment to the ratio, e.g., compared to a value configured by RRC for the parameter (e.g., the value of the ratio) (e.g., from a powerControlOffsetSS IE).

[0149] Adaptation of the number of antenna ports may be provided for one or more parameters.

[0150] The parameter (e.g., for adaptation of the number of antenna ports) may be an assumed number of antenna ports for at least one NZP CSI-RS resource configured for channel or interference measurement. In some examples, the signaling may (e.g., directly) indicate an applicable value / number of the parameter. The signaling may (e.g., alternatively) indicate an adjustment of the value / number, e.g., compared to a value configured by RRC for the NZP CSI-RS resource (e.g., via the nrofPorts IE). The signaling may (e.g., alternatively) indicate an adjustment of the number compared to a previously adjusted value.

[0151] In some examples, the WTRU may be configured with NZP-CSI-RS for channel or interference measurement. The number of antenna ports for the NZP-CSI-RS may be determined, for example, based on one or more of: configuration (e.g., number of antenna ports configured as NZP-CSI-RS); NES operation mode; and / or CSI reporting configuration.

[0152] In some examples, the number of antenna ports for NZP-CSI-RS can be determined based on (e.g., at least) the (e.g., determined) NES operating mode. For example, a first number of antenna ports (Np,1) can be configured as NZP-CSI-RS. A second number of antenna ports can be determined based on the first number of antenna ports. An offset (e.g., Np,1) can be configured. offset ). For example, the second number of antenna ports (Np,2) may be Np,1 and N offset Function (for example, Np,2 = Np,1-N offset ). For example, one or more numbers of antenna ports may be configured for the NZP-CSI-RS. A first number of antenna ports may be used or determined for a first NES operating mode. A second number of antenna ports may be used or determined for a second NES operating mode. For example, in a first NES operating mode (e.g., normal mode), the number of antenna ports used for the NZP-CSI-RS may be less than the number of antenna ports used for the NZP-CSI-RS in a second operating mode (e.g., energy saving mode).

[0153] In some examples, one or more NZP-CSI-RS resources may be configured for CSI reporting configuration.The subset of NZP-CSI-RS used for channel / interference measurement may be determined, for example, based on (eg, at least) the NES operating mode.

[0154] In some examples, for NZP-CSI-RS, the first number of antenna ports (N p,1 ) and the second number of antenna ports (N p,2 ) may be different. The second number of antenna ports (N p,2) may be less than the first number of antenna ports (N p,1 ). p,2 The antenna port can be N p,1 A subset of antenna ports. One or more of the following may apply (e.g., alone or in any combination).

[0155] For example, if / when the number of antenna ports changes to N due to NES operation mode switching p,2 When the WTRU can use p,1 Previously measured channel / interference information.

[0156] With N p,2 The subset of associated antenna ports may be configured (e.g., via RRC or MAC-CE) and / or dynamically indicated (e.g., via DCI). For example, a bitmap may be used to indicate a subset of antenna ports. A group index may be used to indicate a subset of antenna ports. (E.g., each) group index may be associated with a group of antenna ports. The subset may be determined, for example, based on an increasing / decreasing order of the antenna port indexes.

[0157] The CSI reporting configuration (eg, reporting settings, resource settings) may vary and / or may be determined, for example, based on the number of antenna ports determined and / or used for the NZP-CSI-RS.

[0158] For example, the period of the NZP-CSI-RS may be determined based on the number of antenna ports determined for the NZP-CSI-RS resources.

[0159] For example, the applicable NZP CSI-RS resource may be determined by one or more of: direct reference, reference to an NZP CSI-RS resource set, reference to a CSI report and / or a CSI-associated report, and / or reference to a group identifier.

[0160] The applicable NZP CSI-RS resource may be determined by direct reference. In some examples, signaling may indicate the applicable NZP CSI-RS resource by directly referencing an identity of the resource, such as the nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceId IE. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE, for example, including applicable values ​​for the NZP CSI-RS resource ID and / or parameters.

[0161] The applicable NZP CSI-RS resources may be determined by referencing an NZP CSI-RS resource set. In some examples, signaling may indicate the applicable NZP CSI-RS resources by referencing an identifier of a resource set, e.g., including a resource, e.g., nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceSetId IE.

[0162] Applicable NZP CSI-RS resources may be determined by reference to a CSI report and / or a CSI associated report. In some examples, applicable NZP CSI-RS resources may include one or more (e.g., all) NZP CSI-RS resources for channel and / or interference measurements for a CSI report configuration and / or a CSI associated report configuration, for example, which may be configured for a certain aperiodic CSI trigger state. For example, the value of at least one parameter may be included as an IE in CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo. A first parameter may be used for NZP CSI-RS resources for a channel. A second parameter may be used for NZP CSI-RS resources for interference. In some examples, a (e.g., single) parameter may be applied to multiple (e.g., all) NZP CSI-RS resources. For example, if / when aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) triggered for a corresponding trigger state is determined, the WTRU may apply these parameters.

[0163] The applicable NZP CSI-RS resource may be determined by reference to the group identifier. In some examples, the WTRU may (e.g., first) receive an indication (e.g., signaling) associating the NZP CSI-RS resource to a group, for example, for at least one NZP CSI-RS resource. For example, the group may be referred to as a "variable power offset group" or a "variable antenna port group". For example, the association may be indicated by configuring (e.g., by RRC) a set of groups and a list of NZP CSI-RS resources for each group. For example, the association may be indicated (e.g., alternatively) by adding a group identifier IE to (e.g., each) NZP CSI-RS resource configuration (nzp-CSI-RS-Resource). The association may be indicated (e.g., signaled), for example, by a MAC CE. The indication (e.g., signal) may include, for example, at least one NZP CSI-RS resource identifier and at least one group identifier. The WTRU may (e.g., further) receive signaling via a MAC CE or DCI, which may indicate the group identifier and / or an applicable value of at least one parameter (e.g., an additional power offset and / or number of antenna ports). For example, the signaling may include WTRU group common signaling, such as DCI received in a WTRU group common search space. The WTRU may apply the received value to one or more (e.g., all) NZP CSI-RS resources associated with the indicated group for determining at least one CSI report. The group identification allows signaling a group of WTRUs, for example, rather than signaling each WTRU individually.

[0164] The WTRU may determine applicable CSI reporting. The WTRU may determine CSI (e.g., using dynamic adaptation as described herein), e.g., for (e.g., only) applicable CSI reporting. The WTRU may determine CSI differently (e.g., based on legacy CSI determination), e.g., for other CSI reporting. The WTRU may determine applicable CSI reporting, e.g., using one or more of the following examples.

[0165] In some examples, the WTRU may receive an indication of whether dynamic adaptation is applicable to (e.g., each) CSI report configuration and / or CSI associated report configuration (e.g., configuration). For example, an IE within CSI-ReportConfig or CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo may indicate whether dynamic adaptation is applicable to one or more CSI reports generated for a configuration and / or trigger state.

[0166] In some examples, the WTRU may receive an indication (e.g., configuration) associating a process identifier (such as an "adaptive process identifier") to a CSI reporting configuration and / or a CSI associated reporting configuration. For example, an IE within CSI-ReportConfig or CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo may indicate the adaptive process identifier, or a MAC CE may provide an association between the CSI reporting configuration identifier and the adaptive process identifier. The WTRU may (e.g., further) receive an indication (e.g., signaling) indicating at least one of: at least one value of a parameter, at least one NZP CSI-RS resource (e.g., as described herein), and / or an adaptive process identifier. The WTRU may apply adaptation of the indicated parameter to the indicated NZP CSI-RS, e.g., (e.g., only) for CSI reports corresponding to CSI reporting configurations configured with the indicated adaptive process identifier or associated with the indicated adaptive process identifier (e.g., associated CSI).

[0167] A change in value may be indicated (eg, signaled). For example, a change in at least one value applicable to at least one NZP CSI-RS resource and / or CSI reporting configuration may be indicated (eg, signaled) using one or more of the following examples.

[0168] For example, an indication of the value change may be provided at the physical layer (e.g., signaling), such as one or more fields in a scheduling DCI, one or more fields in a DCI scheduling PUSCH or an aperiodic CSI trigger field, one or more fields in a DCI format used for WTRU group common signaling, and / or provided by a MAC CE. The signaling may be part of the availability status indication.

[0169] The signaling may include (e.g., for at least one group identifier) ​​a field indicating a power offset adjustment or value and / or a field indicating the number of antenna ports (e.g., or a subset of antenna ports). The mapping between (e.g., each) possible value of the field and the corresponding value or value of the power offset adjustment and / or the number of antenna ports may be (pre-)defined and / or signaled by MAC CE or RRC.

[0170] In some examples, the WTRU may (e.g., first) receive signaling associating a state indicator (e.g., an availability state) with a set of values ​​for at least one parameter that may be adjusted. For example, the WTRU may receive, for example, via RRC or MAC CE, an indication (e.g., configuration or signaling) of a number of antenna ports (e.g., or a subset of antenna ports) and an assumed power ratio corresponding to a state indicator of NZP CSI-RS resources (e.g., for at least one state indicator and NZP CSI-RS resources). The WTRU may (e.g., then) receive signaling indicating at least one NZP CSI-RS resource (e.g., using a group indicator) and a state indicator. The WTRU may (e.g., then) apply the value of the parameter to the NZP CSI-RS resource associated with the state indicator for calculation and reporting of CSI.

[0171] The WTRU may indicate applied assumptions in a CSI report. For example, the WTRU may include an indication of one or more applied assumptions used to calculate the CSI as part of the CSI report or together with the CSI report. The WTRU may (e.g., alternatively) signal the indication separately (e.g., using a MAC CE). The indication of the applied assumptions (e.g., a separate indication) may be triggered, for example, by receiving an indication (e.g., signaling) indicating a change in the assumptions (e.g., as described herein). The indication of the applied assumptions may have the same format as the indication of the change in value (e.g., signaling) (e.g., as described herein). For example, the indication of the applied assumptions may include a status indication. Signaling the indication of the applied assumptions may support (e.g., ensure) alignment between the WTRU and the network regarding the assumptions used for the CSI calculation.

[0172] Figure 2 An example of dynamic power adaptation for CSI measurement and feedback in a variable power network is illustrated.

[0173] In the example of dynamic power adaptation (e.g., Figure 2 ), one or more of the following may be performed.

[0174] The WTRU may receive a CSI resource configuration. The CSI resource configuration may include (e.g., indicate) at least one resource (e.g., a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource used for channel and / or interference measurement). The configuration of the NZP CSI-RS resource (e.g., each NZP CSI-RS resource) may include an assumed ratio of PDSCH per resource element energy (EPRE) to NZP CSI-RS EPRE (e.g., powerControlOffset).

[0175] The WTRU may receive an indication (e.g., configuration) of associating a variable power offset group (e.g., Group A, Group B, Group C) to each of at least one NZP CSI-RS resource (e.g., NZP CSI-RS #1-#9); see Figure 2 .like Figure 2 As shown, the NZP CSI-RS resources (eg, each of the NZP CSI-RS resources) may be indicated as having a power offset (eg, which may be signaled to the WTRU, for example, as a powerControlOffset).

[0176] like Figure 2 As shown, the WTRU may receive signaling (e.g., WTRU group common signaling) indicating a power offset change (POC) for one or more groups. Figure 2 As shown, variable (eg, dynamic) signaling indicates a POC example of -3dB for variable power offset group A, -5dB for variable power offset group B, and -1dB for variable power offset group C.

[0177] like Figure 2 As shown, the WTRU may determine an adjusted power offset (APO), for example, based on the power offset and the POC, for example, as the sum of the powerControlOffset configured for the resource and the indicated POC. The WTRU may determine the APO for the NZP CSI-RS resources (e.g., each NZP CSI-RS resource) associated with the indicated variable power offset group. For example, as Figure 2 As shown, the WTRU may determine an APO of -4 dB for resource NZP CSI-RS #1 associated with variable power offset group A. The APO may be determined (e.g., by the WTRU) as the sum of the power offset (PO) (e.g., -1 dB) and the indicated POC (e.g., -3 dB) of group A to which NZP CSI-RS #1 belongs.

[0178] As combined Figure 2As shown, the WTRU may determine (e.g., derive) CSI feedback (e.g., based on measurements associated with a CSI-RS resource and a POC associated with the resource) and transmit a CSI feedback report. In some examples, the determination may assume that a ratio of a PDSCH per resource element energy (EPRE) to an NZP CSI-RS EPRE for each NZP CSI-RS resource is a determined adjusted power offset (APO) for the resource. The WTRU may transmit (e.g., report) CSI feedback to the network, for example, where the report may indicate the determined CSI feedback (e.g., as combined with Figure 2 APO-adjusted measurements shown).

[0179] In an example, a WTRU may receive configuration information (e.g., from a network). The configuration information may indicate a power offset associated with a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource. The configuration information may indicate that the CSI-RS resource is associated with a CSI-RS power offset group.

[0180] The WTRU may receive configuration information for multiple CSI-RS resources. The CSI-RS resources may be associated with different power offset groups. Different power offset groups may have the same power offset (eg, powerControlOffset).

[0181] The WTRU may receive a POC indication (e.g., from a network). The POC indication may indicate a POC associated with a power offset group (e.g., each power offset group). If a POC is associated with a power offset group that is itself associated with a CSI-RS resource, then it may be determined that the CSI-RS resource is associated with a POC.

[0182] The WTRU may determine an adjusted power offset associated with a CSI-RS resource (e.g., each CSI-RS resource, such as each CSI-RS resource in a power offset group). The adjusted power offset may be based on a power offset (e.g., a power offset indicated by received configuration information) and a power offset change (e.g., a POC indicated by a received POC indication) associated with the corresponding CSI-RS resource (e.g., or the corresponding power offset group).

[0183] The WTRU may determine CSI feedback for a CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the CSI-RS resource (e.g., a CSI measurement) and an adjusted power offset associated with the CSI-RS resource (e.g., or a corresponding power offset group).

[0184] The WTRU may transmit a CSI feedback report. The CSI feedback report may include an indication of the determined CSI feedback.

[0185] In an example of dynamic antenna port adaptation, the WTRU may receive a CSI resource configuration that may include at least one non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource for channel and / or interference measurement. The configuration of (e.g., each) NZP CSI-RS resource may include the number of antenna ports (nrofPorts).

[0186] The WTRU may receive a configuration for at least one combination of a NES state index and a number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index.

[0187] The WTRU may receive a configuration associating a variable antenna port group to each of at least one NZP CSI-RS resource.

[0188] The WTRU may receive signaling (eg, WTRU group common signaling) indicating a NES state index and a variable power offset group.

[0189] The WTRU may determine the number of antenna ports (e.g., or a subset of antenna ports) to use for the NZP CSI-RS resources, for example, as the number of antenna ports associated with the received NES state index. The WTRU may determine the number of antenna ports (e.g., or a subset of antenna ports) for each of the at least one NZP CSI-RS resource associated with the indicated variable antenna port group.

[0190] The WTRU may derive CSI and report CSI feedback, for example, assuming that the number of antenna ports (e.g., or a subset of antenna ports) used is the number of antenna ports (e.g., or a subset of antenna ports) determined for each NZP CSI-RS resource.

[0191] In some examples, the NES state index may (eg, also) be used for dynamic power adaptation (eg, as described in the examples provided herein). A "variable power offset group" and / or a "variable antenna port group" may be or may include a single parameter.

[0192] A "variable power offset group" and / or a "variable antenna port group" may be or may include a single parameter.

[0193] In some examples, the WTRU may assist the network in determining appropriate power reduction of the PDSCH and / or certain (e.g., one or more) associated RS signals, such as power spectral density (PSD), for example, through appropriate measurements and reporting. The power density of the PDSCH may be adjusted (e.g., optimized), for example, on a per-WTRU basis, which may reduce energy consumption of the base station transmitter.

[0194] The WTRU may be in very good channel conditions (e.g., high CQI), e.g., implying a high SINR situation. A lower power spectral density (PSD) of the RBs allocated by the PDSCH may be sufficient / enough to achieve the same BLER target (e.g., using the same MCS). The WTRU may indicate / signal very good channel conditions (e.g., high CQI situation), e.g., through one or more (e.g., adjusted) measurements, which may support (e.g., allow) dynamic power adaptation for base station transmissions.

[0195] The WTRU may evaluate the channel conditions over longer periods of time. The CSI feedback may be punctual / dynamic evaluation. The CSI feedback may be periodic, semi-persistent (e.g., MAC-CE triggered), or aperiodic (e.g., DCI triggered). There may be a range of possible PDSCH power density reductions for NZP-CSI-RS types used for TRS, PRS, or SSB. There may be limits on the PSD ratio between PDSCH and CSI-RS type signals. The limit may be exceeded for resource element (RE) overflow into adjacent REs.

[0196] Measurements and triggers for WTRU adjustments may be provided.

[0197] In some examples, the WTRU may signal a "long-term CSI measurement" capability to the network. For example, the base station may trigger long-term CSI measurement for the WTRU after other (e.g., normal) CSI reports from the WTRU and / or after a period in which the WTRU PDSCH estimated BLER (e.g., via HRQ feedback) may provide an indication of better than a threshold radio link condition (e.g., BLER below 3% or CQI above a threshold level for a certain period of time).

[0198] The measurement trigger command may be performed by the base station, for example, through a MAC-CE for semi-persistent CSI-RS measurement or through a DCI command.The measurement may be restricted to the BWP where the PDSCH is transmitted / scheduled.

[0199] The WTRU may (e.g., alternatively) be configured (e.g., semi-statically) with a radio link PDSCH quality threshold (e.g., a CQI threshold under specific time periods and reporting conditions) that may trigger a long-term CSI measurement process and reporting on the WTRU side.

[0200] The long-term CSI measurement procedure may include, for example, a moving window average applied to a specific (e.g., selected, determined, indicated) number of CSI-RS opportunities (e.g., semi-persistent or periodic CSI-RS). The average level to which the measurement may be compared may be, for example, signaled / configured by the base station (e.g., based on the CQI), or the comparison level (e.g., moving average window) may be assumed by the WTRU to be a non-average value of the last report. The comparison level may (e.g., alternatively) be an SINR level that may be mapped to the last reported CQI.

[0201] The length of the moving average window may be configured, for example, by the base station, or may be assumed to be, for example, a number (e.g., several) of consecutive normal CSI feedback samples related to a configured periodic CSI feedback. For example, if / when a long-term CSI measurement procedure is triggered, the report may be based on the average window (e.g., periodic).

[0202] Reporting may (e.g., alternatively) be based on degradation / improvement thresholds, e.g., acting as hysteresis windows. For example, if / when a low or high hysteresis threshold is exceeded within a certain period of time, a report may be triggered, which may reduce reporting overhead.

[0203] The period of downgrading / improving reporting can be based on, for example, a better than average threshold counter and / or a worse than average threshold counter. For example, if / when the condition indicated by the measurement returns to within the hysteresis limit before the counter expires (e.g., reaches the reporting limit), the counter can be reset.

[0204] The base station can achieve dynamic power adaptation.

[0205] The base station may transmit several signals and channels. The power adaptation of PDSCH may have limitations, for example, in terms of the power difference between REs, CSI-RS, PRS, SSB, etc. allocated by PDSCH.

[0206] There may be a limit on the PSD difference between signals. For example, a maximum 6dB difference limit may be implemented / used to avoid inter-RE distortion. Following the above example, the PDSCH power adaptation range may be limited to a 6dB range while maintaining the power density of (e.g., all) other channels and signals sent by the base station.

[0207] The power adaptation range may have a (e.g., specific, configured, defined, indicated, determined, selected) granularity. For example, the power step size may be, for example, 1 dB, 2 dB, or 3 dB. The PSD of the PDSCH may be increased or decreased with a (pre-)defined power step size.

[0208] In some examples, the WTRU may send a power step down or up triggered by a moving average measurement. For example, a quality improvement reporting condition may be accompanied by a power down indicator. A quality degradation reporting condition may be accompanied by a power up indicator. The WTRU may be configured with a period for reporting. For example, the WTRU may be configured to report a measurement result if the power deviation from the desired target is above a (pre-)defined or (pre-)configured threshold. The WTRU may report the measurement result conditionally, for example, (e.g., only) if the WTRU has received signaling from the network (e.g., another PDSCH or DCI indication) since the last measurement report.

[0209] The WTRU may (eg, alternatively) trigger a quality improvement / degradation. For example, assuming that the PDSCH power is changing, the base station may indicate a new ratio of NZP-CSI-RS to PDSCH.

[0210] The indication may be signaled via MAC-CE or DCI. For example, the indication may be a multi-bit (e.g., two-bit) group that may be mapped to the power adaptation granularity in steps, and a bit indicating the direction up or down. The indication may (e.g., alternatively) be a (e.g., explicit) value (e.g., in dB) and a sign (e.g., indicating up or down). The indication may (e.g., alternatively) be a bit that moves the ratio up or down (e.g., incrementally) by one step, for example, in an enumeration that is semi-statically configured or assumed by the WTRU.

[0211] PDSCH Power Reduction WTRU Assistance Information and Feedback

[0212] The MCS may be related to the signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) measured at the receive antenna to operate at an acceptably low BER. An MCS with higher throughput may operate with a higher SNIR. Link adaptation works by measuring the channel SNIR and feeding it back to the transmitter, which may select an appropriate MCS from a set of MCSs to maximize throughput at the SNIR. For example, the throughput of a WTRU at the cell center may not involve using the highest possible MCS for the WTRU's SNR, assuming that the data rate may be lower.

[0213] In some examples (e.g., for a given MCS or CQI), the WTRU may report to the serving gNB the gap between the measured SNR or SINR and the nominal SNR required to maintain using the MCS. The WTRU may report the gap for one or more MCSs or CQIs. For example, instead of and / or in addition to the instantaneous CQI for the WTRU channel, the WTRU may report the MCS or CQI that (e.g., best) meets the WTRU's data rate requirements (e.g., number of bits used per channel, number of bits per timeslot or ms, etc.). The WTRU may (e.g., further) report different CSI-RS to PDSCH power offsets, for example, based on the MCS that (e.g., best) meets the WTRU's data rate requirements. The WTRU may report feedback statistics for (e.g., two) MCS code points adjacent to the MCS used for the current or most recent PDSCH transmission to the gNB. The WTRU may provide PDSCH power reduction assistance information, for example, as part of UCI feedback, MAC CE, or enhanced CQI reporting.

[0214] In some examples, the WTRU may report a power step size up or down based on the difference between the measured SNR and an SNR threshold (e.g., required) for the MCS. The WTRU may be configured with an SNR step size. For example, if the measured SNR does not change by more than the step size, the WTRU may report an SNR up or down. For example, if the measured SNR is within a certain gap of an SNR threshold (e.g., required) to meet the SNR threshold of the MCS, the WTRU may report an SNR up or down command. For example, the WTRU may continue to report an SNR down until the measured SNR is within a (pre-)configured or (pre-)defined gap from the MCS threshold.

[0215] The WTRU may provide PDSCH power reduction auxiliary feedback and / or apply a process for PDSCH power reduction measurement and reporting for WTRU adjustment, for example, based on at least one of: the WTRU's measured channel conditions (e.g., SNR or RSRP) being above a first threshold and / or below a second threshold; a DCI indication received from the gNB (e.g., MAC-CE trigger or non-periodic DCI trigger); the MCS used; the WTRU speed; the WTRU's capabilities; and / or the WTRU's measured path loss being above or below a threshold.

[0216] The WTRU may provide PDSCH power reduction assistance feedback and / or may apply one or more procedures for WTRU-adjusted PDSCH power reduction measurement and reporting, for example, based on the WTRU's measured channel conditions (e.g., SNR or RSRP) being above a first threshold and / or below a second threshold. For example, if the WTRU's SNR is x dB higher than the (e.g., required) SNR threshold used to meet the selected MCS, the WTRU may report PDSCH power reduction assistance information.

[0217] The WTRU may provide PDSCH power reduction assistance feedback and / or may apply one or more procedures for WTRU adjusted PDSCH power reduction measurement and reporting, for example, based on the MCS used. For example, if the MCS is from a configured or predetermined subset, and / or if the MCS is higher than the MCS code point (e.g., 16QAM and higher MCS), the WTRU may provide assistance information.

[0218] The WTRU may provide PDSCH power reduction assistance feedback and / or may apply one or more procedures for WTRU adjusted PDSCH power reduction measurement and reporting, for example, based on the WTRU speed. For example, the WTRU may provide assistance information if the WTRU is not mobile (e.g., if the measured channel conditions do not change by more than a threshold amount) and / or if the WTRU's location does not change by more than a threshold amount.

[0219] Although the features and elements described above are described in particular combinations, each feature or element may be used alone without the other features and elements of the preferred embodiments, or in various combinations with or without the other features and elements.

[0220] Although the implementation described herein may consider 3GPP specific protocols, it should be understood that the implementation described herein is not limited to such scenarios and is applicable to other wireless systems. For example, although the solution described herein considers LTE, LTE-A, New Radio (NR) or 5G specific protocols, it should be understood that the solution described herein is not limited to such scenarios and is also applicable to other wireless systems.

[0221] The processes described above may be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (sent via wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as, but not limited to, built-in hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and / or optical media (such as compact disk (CD)-ROM disks and / or digital versatile disks (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for a WTRU, terminal, base station, RNC, and / or any host computer.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising: A processor, the processor being configured to: Receive configuration information, where The configuration information indicates a power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource; receiving a power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource; determining an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and a power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource; determining CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource; and A CSI feedback report is transmitted, wherein the CSI feedback report includes an indication of CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource.

2. The WTRU of claim 1, in, The configuration information indicates a power offset associated with a second CSI-RS resource; Wherein, the processor is further configured to: receiving a power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource; determining an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource and a power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource, and determining CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource based on the measurement associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource; and The CSI feedback report includes an indication of CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource.

3. The WTRU of claim 2, wherein: The CSI feedback report includes an indication of an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The first CSI-RS resource is a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource, and the adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource is determined as a ratio of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) per resource element energy (EPRE) to the NZP CSI-RS EPRE.

5. The WTRU of claim 1 , in, The first CSI-RS resource is a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource; The configuration information includes an NES state index, a number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index, and an association between a variable antenna port group and the first CSI-RS resource; and Wherein, the processor is further configured to: The number of antenna ports used for the first CSI-RS resource is determined based on the number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index.

6. The WTRU of claim 5, wherein: The CSI feedback report is based on the determined number of antenna ports used for the first CSI-RS resource.

7. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein: The adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource is the sum of the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and a power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource.

8. A method comprising: receiving configuration information, wherein the configuration information indicates a power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource; receiving a power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource; determining an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource based on the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and a power offset change for a first CSI-RS power offset group; determining CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource based on a measurement associated with the first CSI-RS resource and an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource; and A CSI feedback report is transmitted, wherein the CSI feedback report includes an indication of CSI feedback for the first CSI-RS resource.

9. The method according to claim 8, in, The configuration information indicates a power offset associated with a second CSI-RS resource; Wherein, the method further comprises: receiving a power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource; determining an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource based on a second power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource and a power offset change for the second CSI-RS resource, and determining CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource based on the measurement associated with the second CSI-RS resource and the adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource; and The CSI feedback report includes an indication of CSI feedback for the second CSI-RS resource.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The CSI feedback report includes an indication of an adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and an adjusted power offset associated with the second CSI-RS resource.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The first CSI-RS resource is a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource, and wherein a power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource is a ratio of a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) per resource element energy (EPRE) to the NZP CSI-RS EPRE.

12. The method according to claim 8, in, The first CSI-RS resource is a first non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resource; The configuration information includes a network energy saving (NES) state index, a number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index, and an association between a variable antenna port group and the first CSI-RS resource; and The method further comprises: The number of antenna ports used for the first CSI-RS resource is determined based on the number of antenna ports associated with the NES state index.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The CSI feedback report includes an indication of the determined number of antenna ports for the first CSI-RS resource.

14. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The adjusted power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource is the sum of the power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource and a power offset change for the first CSI-RS resource.

15. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising A processor, the processor being configured to: Receive configuration information, where The configuration information indicates a first power offset associated with a first channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource; receiving a second power offset associated with the first CSI-RS resource; determining CSI feedback based on measurements associated with the first CSI-RS resource and the second power offset; as well as Transmitting a CSI feedback report, wherein the CSI feedback report includes an indication of the CSI feedback.

16. The WTRU of claim 15 wherein: The configuration information further indicates that the first CSI-RS resource is associated with a first CSI-RS power offset group.

17. The WTRU of claim 15 wherein: An indication of the second power offset is received after an indication of the first power offset, wherein the processor is further configured to determine that the second power offset is a last received power offset, and wherein the processor is configured to determine, based on the second power offset, that CSI feedback is determined to be the last received power offset based on the second power offset.

18. The WTRU of claim 16 wherein: The use of a power offset in the determination of the CSI feedback is restricted to using the last received power offset.

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