Seed-production corn male and female parent zoned irrigation system and water and fertilizer regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a seed-production corn male and female parent zoned irrigation system and a water and fertilizer regulation and control method, and particularly relates to the technical field of crop water and fertilizer management. The system comprises a plurality of drip irrigation tape units, male parent irrigation branch pipes and female parent irrigation branch pipes, the drip irrigation tape unit comprises a single male parent drip irrigation tape, a single female parent drip irrigation tape and a double female parent drip irrigation tape; the arrangement of the single male parent drip irrigation tape, the single female parent drip irrigation tape and the double female parent drip irrigation tape is matched with the 1: 7 planting mode of seed corn. On the basis of the system, the seed-production corn male and female parent water and fertilizer regulation and control method can meet the requirements of drip irrigation of seed-production corn male parents and female parents and overall irrigation and fertilization respectively, achieves classified management of the male parents and the female parents, can effectively improve the emergence rate of the male parents, improve the uniformity of the male parents, increase the pollen grain quantity and change the population structure of the male parents and the female parents, and has good economic benefits. Corn pollination is promoted, and the seed yield is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop water and fertilizer management, and in particular relates to a parent-plant zone irrigation system for seed corn and a water and fertilizer control method. Background Art

[0002] Seeds are the source of agricultural production and an important foundation for ensuring national food security. Hybrid corn is also the fastest growing and strongest crop in the world's seed industry, and hybrid corn accounts for a very large proportion of corn planting. my country's Xinjiang region and the Hexi Corridor region of Gansu are dry and rainy, with water resources in short supply. Water deficiency not only affects seed germination and yield, but also affects the growth period and seed quality of seed corn. Therefore, the development of the seed corn industry in the above-mentioned areas is restricted.

[0003] In the traditional drip irrigation of corn water and fertilizer integration, the "1 tube 2 rows" model is generally adopted for planting, and the water and fertilizer on both sides of the drip irrigation belt are evenly distributed, which is conducive to the uniformity of the corn group; but seed corn is different from the traditional crop cultivation of simultaneous sowing and harvesting, and it is also different from the traditional intercropping drip irrigation where the same crop is planted on both sides. However, farmers still use traditional irrigation methods for seed corn cultivation. Irrigation and fertilization in the late growth period are ineffective. Unreasonable water and fertilizer management restricts the development of the seed corn industry and causes waste of water and fertilizer resources. In summary, how to carry out water and fertilizer integration management for seed corn, reduce water and fertilizer input, and improve fertilizer utilization, while at the same time improving the emergence rate of the male parent, improving the uniformity of the male parent, increasing the amount of pollen grains, changing the group structure of the male parent and the female parent, promoting corn pollination, and increasing seed yield are technical problems that need to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a zoning irrigation system for parent plants of seed corn and a water-fertilizer regulation method. The system can meet the needs of drip irrigation for parent plants, female plants and overall irrigation and fertilization of seed corn respectively, realize the classified management of parent plants and female plants, effectively improve the emergence rate of parent plants, improve the uniformity of parent plants, increase the amount of pollen grains, change the population structure of parent plants and female plants, promote corn pollination, and increase seed yield.

[0005] The invention provides a parent-parent zoned drip irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn, comprising a plurality of drip irrigation belt units, a male parent irrigation branch pipe and a female parent irrigation branch pipe; the drip irrigation belt unit comprises a single male parent drip irrigation belt, a single female parent drip irrigation belt and a double female parent drip irrigation belt, the single male parent drip irrigation belt is connected to the male parent irrigation branch pipe, the single female parent drip irrigation belt and the double female parent drip irrigation belt are respectively connected to the female parent irrigation branch pipe; the male parent irrigation branch pipe and the female parent irrigation branch pipe are connected to a farmland irrigation water outlet pile through a water diversion valve, a master control valve is arranged between the water diversion valve and the farmland irrigation water outlet pile; a first control valve is arranged at the water inlet end of the male parent irrigation branch pipe, and a second control valve is arranged at the water inlet end of the female parent irrigation branch pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation belt is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is ≤1.0L / h; the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation belt is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 to 1.5L / h; the dripper spacing of the double-parent drip irrigation belt is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 2.0 to 3.0L / h.

[0007] Preferably, the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe is less than or equal to the diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the diameter of the female parent irrigation branch pipe is ≥90 mm, and the diameter of the male parent irrigation branch pipe is 63 mm, 75 mm or 90 mm.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for regulating water and fertilizer of parent plants of seed corn, and the method is carried out by using the system;

[0010] Including water and fertilizer management for the emergence of single female plants, water and fertilizer management for the emergence of single male plants, water and fertilizer management for the growth promotion of single male plants, overall first water management for both parents, and overall water and fertilizer management for both parents before the end of pollination; water and fertilizer management for single female plants after pollination, and water and fertilizer management for single female plants before harvest;

[0011] The water and fertilizer management for the emergence of a single male parent includes the final irrigation amount being preferably such that the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row between adjacent male and female parents by 5 to 8 cm, and urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate is applied with water drops;

[0012] The single male parent growth promotion water and fertilizer management includes the final irrigation amount being preferably such that the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row between adjacent male and female parents by 5 to 8 cm, and ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boron fertilizer are applied with water drops;

[0013] The single mother parent seedling water and fertilizer management includes the final irrigation amount being preferably 3 to 5 cm above the double mother parent corn sowing row spacing with the wet front; applying urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate with water drops;

[0014] The overall first water management of the parent plants includes dripping clean water for 20 to 40 minutes, dripping monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and continuing to drip urea, urea phosphate and magnesium sulfate after the above fertilizers are dripped. It is advisable to irrigate until the wet front exceeds the row spacing of the double mother corn planting row by 8 to 12 cm;

[0015] The overall water and fertilizer management of the parents before the pollination is completed includes: irrigating and fertilizing 3 to 4 times before pollination, dripping clean water for 20 to 40 minutes each time, and then dripping monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, amino acid zinc and magnesium sulfate with the water. After the above fertilizers are dripped, continue to drip urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, boron fertilizer, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate. The final irrigation amount is preferably 8 to 12 cm when the wet front exceeds the row spacing of the double maize parent corn planting row;

[0016] The water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant after pollination includes: irrigating 2 to 4 times after pollination, dripping clean water for 30 to 50 minutes each time, applying monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate with the water, and continuing to drip urea, ammonium sulfate and manganese sulfate after the above fertilizers are dripped;

[0017] The water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant before harvest includes the irrigation amount being determined by maintaining the soil moisture content in a proportion of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.

[0018] Preferably, the dosage of urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate in the water and fertilizer management for seedling emergence of the single male parent is 0.3-0.5 kg / mu.

[0019] Preferably, in the single male parent growth promoting water and fertilizer management, the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 0.8-1 kg / mu, the dosage of zinc sulfate is 0.1-0.2 kg / mu, and the dosage of boron fertilizer is 0.2-0.3 kg / mu.

[0020] Preferably, the dosage of urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate in the water and fertilizer management for seedling emergence of the single mother plant is 1 to 2.5 kg / mu.

[0021] Preferably, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate in the overall head water management of the parents is 2-3kg / mu, the dosage of potassium sulfate is 1.5-2kg / mu, the dosage of urea is 3-4kg / mu, the dosage of urea phosphate is 1-2kg / mu, and the dosage of magnesium sulfate is 0.3-0.5kg / mu; the dosage of monoammonium phosphate in the overall water and fertilizer management of the parents before the end of pollination is 3-4kg / mu, the dosage of potassium sulfate is 2-3kg / mu, the dosage of amino acid zinc is 0.5kg / mu, the dosage of magnesium sulfate is 0.5kg / mu, the dosage of urea is 3-4kg / mu, the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 1-2kg / mu, the dosage of potassium chloride is 1-2kg / mu, the dosage of boron fertilizer is 0.2kg / mu, the dosage of manganese sulfate is 0.2kg / mu, and the dosage of ammonium molybdate is 0.2kg / mu.

[0022] Preferably, in the water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant after pollination, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 1.5-2.5 kg / mu, the dosage of potassium sulfate is 0.5-1 kg / mu, the dosage of urea is 2-3 kg / mu, the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 0.5 kg / mu, and the dosage of manganese sulfate is 0.1 kg / mu; in the water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant before harvest, the soil moisture content is ensured to be maintained at 60-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity during the waxy maturity stage, and the soil moisture content is ensured to be controlled below 65% of the maximum field water holding capacity after the full maturity stage.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The seed corn parent partition drip irrigation and fertilization system provided by the present invention can achieve the purpose of irrigating the female parent alone, irrigating the male parent alone, and irrigating the male and female parents at the same time, respectively meet the irrigation and fertilization needs of the male parent and the female parent at different growth periods, and realize the classified management of the male parent and the female parent, thereby improving the emergence rate and uniformity of the male parent and the female parent, increasing the amount of pollen grains, promoting corn pollination, increasing seed yield and seed quality, and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0025] The water and fertilizer regulation method for parent plants of seed corn provided by the present invention adopts the zoned drip fertilization system for parent plants of seed corn, combined with optimized water and fertilizer management, to realize zoned drip fertilization for parent plants of seed corn, overcome the difficulty in sowing the male parent, realize that the male parent has a higher plant height than the female parent and the pollen amount is higher than the traditional method, which is beneficial to pollination; in the later stage, water and fertilizer inputs are reduced by controlling water and fertilizer, and fertilizer utilization rate is improved; at the same time, the emergence rate of the male parent can be effectively improved, the uniformity of the male parent can be improved, the amount of pollen grains can be increased, the group structure of the male parent and the female parent can be changed, corn pollination can be promoted, and seed yield and quality can be improved, so as to be more suitable for practical use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn in Example 1, wherein: 10-drip tape unit, 1-single male drip tape, 2-single female drip tape, 3-double female drip tape, 4-male irrigation branch pipe, 5-female irrigation branch pipe, 6-first control valve, 7-second control valve, 8-water diversion valve, 9-master control valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The invention provides a parent-parent zoned drip irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn, comprising a plurality of drip irrigation belt units, a male parent irrigation branch pipe and a female parent irrigation branch pipe; the drip irrigation belt unit comprises a single male parent drip irrigation belt, a single female parent drip irrigation belt and a double female parent drip irrigation belt, the single male parent drip irrigation belt is connected to the male parent irrigation branch pipe, the single female parent drip irrigation belt and the double female parent drip irrigation belt are respectively connected to the female parent irrigation branch pipe; the male parent irrigation branch pipe and the female parent irrigation branch pipe are connected to a farmland irrigation water outlet pile through a water diversion valve, a master control valve is arranged between the water diversion valve and the farmland irrigation water outlet pile; a first control valve is arranged at the water inlet end of the male parent irrigation branch pipe, and a second control valve is arranged at the water inlet end of the female parent irrigation branch pipe.

[0028] In the present invention, when the system is used, different numbers of the seed corn differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization systems are set up according to the farmland irrigation water outlets, and the master control valve of each seed corn differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system is connected to each water outlet of the farmland irrigation network, and each master control valve controls the irrigation process of the seed corn in each area. In each irrigation area, the irrigation belt unit can be set on any one side or both sides of the male irrigation branch pipe and the female irrigation branch pipe, and is set according to the actual planting situation. The farmland irrigation water outlet is the water outlet of the farmland irrigation network.

[0029] In the present invention, in each irrigation area, a plurality of drip irrigation tape units are arranged, and the number of the drip irrigation tape units is determined according to the planting length of the plot, and the drip irrigation tape units include the single male parent drip irrigation tape, the single female parent drip irrigation tape and the double female parent drip irrigation tape, and the ratio of the number of the single male parent drip irrigation tape, the single female parent drip irrigation tape and the double female parent drip irrigation tape is 1:1:3, the single male parent drip irrigation tape can irrigate a single row of male parents, the single female parent drip irrigation tape can irrigate a single row of female parents, and the double female parent drip irrigation tape can irrigate double rows of female parents, which matches the 1:7 planting mode of seed corn. The 1:7 planting pattern of seed corn means that when planting seed corn, there is 1 row of male parents and 7 rows of female parents. The single male parent drip irrigation tape is controlled by the first control valve, and the single female parent drip irrigation tape and the double female parent drip irrigation tape are controlled by the second control valve. The purpose of irrigating the female parent alone, irrigating the male parent alone, and irrigating the male and female parents at the same time can be achieved, and the irrigation and fertilization needs of the male and female parents at different growth periods can be met respectively, thereby improving the emergence rate and uniformity of the male and female parents, increasing the amount of pollen grains, promoting corn pollination, increasing seed yield and seed quality, and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0030] In the present invention, the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe is less than or equal to the diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe. The diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe is 90 mm, and the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe is 63 mm, 75 mm or 90 mm. The male irrigation branch pipe and the female irrigation branch pipe are PE pipes or other water hoses with different diameters.

[0031] In the present invention, the first control valve, the second control valve and the master control valve are ball valves, and may also be manual valves or automatic control valves. The water diverter valve is a three-way ball valve, the water inlet and main water outlet diameters of the water diverter valve are consistent with the diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe, and the side water outlet diameter of the water diverter valve is consistent with the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe.

[0032] In the present invention, the male irrigation branch is perpendicular to the single male drip irrigation belt, and the female irrigation branch is perpendicular to the single female drip irrigation belt and the double female drip irrigation belt. The irrigation belt unit is arranged on the same side of the male irrigation branch and the female irrigation branch.

[0033] In the present invention, the single male drip irrigation belt is connected to the male irrigation branch pipe through a bypass or a tee, and the single female drip irrigation belt and the double female drip irrigation belt are connected to the female irrigation branch pipe through a bypass or a tee.

[0034] In the present invention, the single-parent drip irrigation belt, the single-parent drip irrigation belt and the double-parent drip irrigation belt are all provided with drippers.

[0035] In the present invention, the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is ≤1.0L / h; preferably, the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape is a range value between any two values ​​of 20, 25 or 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is a range value between any two values ​​of 0.38, 0.6, 0.8 or 1.0L / h; further preferably, the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape is any one of 20, 25 or 30 cm, and any one of 0.38, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0L / h; more preferably, the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape is 20 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0L / h.

[0036] In the present invention, the dripper spacing of the single mother drip irrigation belt is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 to 1.5 L / h; preferably, the dripper spacing of the single mother drip irrigation belt is a range value between any two values ​​of 20, 25, and 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is a range value between any two values ​​of 1.0, 1.38, and 1.5 L / h; further preferably, the dripper spacing of the single mother drip irrigation belt is any one of 20, 25, and 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is any one of 1.0, 1.38, and 1.5 L; more preferably, the dripper spacing of the single mother drip irrigation belt is 20 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h.

[0037] In the present invention, the distance between the drippers of the double-mother drip irrigation belt is 20 to 30 cm, and 2.0 L / h ≤ dripper flow ≤ 3.0 L / h; preferably, the distance between the drippers of the double-mother drip irrigation belt is a range value between any two values ​​of 20, 25 or 30 cm, and the dripper flow is a range value between any two values ​​of 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, and 3.0 L / h; further preferably, the distance between the drippers of the double-mother drip irrigation belt is any one of 20, 25 or 30 cm, and the dripper flow is any one of 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8 or 3.0 L / h; more preferably, the distance between the drippers of the double-mother drip irrigation belt is 30 cm, and the clay dripper flow is 2.0 L / h; the sandy soil dripper flow is 2.6 L / h and above, and the loam dripper flow is 2.4 L / h.

[0038] The seed corn parent partition drip fertigation system provided by the present invention can achieve the purpose of irrigating the female parent alone, irrigating the male parent alone, and irrigating the male parent and the female parent at the same time, respectively meeting the irrigation and fertilization needs of the male parent and the female parent in different growth periods, and realizing the classified management of the male parent and the female parent. The present invention improves the uniformity of corn germination through the method of double germination water, solves the problem of large and small seedlings formed due to local water and fertilizer differences, and improves the consistency of the growth of corn between the male parent and the female parent.

[0039] The present invention also provides a method for regulating water and fertilizer of parent plants of seed corn, the method adopting the above system to carry out:

[0040] Including water and fertilizer management for the emergence of single female plants, water and fertilizer management for the emergence of single male plants, water and fertilizer management for the growth promotion of single male plants, overall first water management for both parents, and overall water and fertilizer management for both parents before the end of pollination; water and fertilizer management for single female plants after pollination, and water and fertilizer management for single female plants before harvest;

[0041] The water and fertilizer management for the emergence of the single male parent includes the irrigation amount being preferably such that the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row between the adjacent male and female parents by 5 to 8 cm, and urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate is applied with water drops;

[0042] The single male parent growth promotion water and fertilizer management includes irrigating water in an amount such that the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row between adjacent male and female parents by 5 to 8 cm, and applying ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boron fertilizer with water drops;

[0043] The single mother parent seedling water and fertilizer management includes the final irrigation amount being preferably 3 to 5 cm above the double mother parent corn sowing row spacing with the wet front; applying urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate with water drops;

[0044] The overall first water management of the parent plants includes dripping clean water for 20 to 40 minutes, dripping monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and continuing to drip urea, urea phosphate and magnesium sulfate after the above fertilizers are dripped. It is advisable to irrigate until the wet front exceeds the row spacing of the double mother corn planting row by 8 to 12 cm;

[0045] The overall water and fertilizer management of the parents before the pollination is completed includes: irrigating and fertilizing 3 to 4 times before pollination, dripping clean water for 20 to 40 minutes each time, applying monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, amino acid zinc and magnesium sulfate with the water, and continuing to drip urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, boron fertilizer, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate after the above fertilizers are dripped. The final irrigation amount is preferably 8 to 12 cm when the wetting front exceeds the corn sowing row spacing between the adjacent two mother parents;

[0046] The water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant after pollination includes: irrigating 2 to 4 times after pollination, dripping clean water for 30 to 50 minutes each time, applying monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate with the water, and continuing to drip urea, ammonium sulfate and manganese sulfate after the above fertilizers are dripped;

[0047] The water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant before harvest includes the irrigation amount being determined by maintaining the soil moisture content in a proportion of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.

[0048] In the water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant before harvest, the soil moisture content is ensured to be maintained at 60-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity during the waxy maturity period, and the soil moisture content is ensured to be controlled below 65% of the maximum field water holding capacity after the full maturity period.

[0049] In the present invention, the dosage of urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate in the water and fertilizer management for seedling emergence of the single male parent is 0.3-0.5 kg / mu; the water and fertilizer management for seedling emergence of the single male parent is carried out within 24 hours after sowing, and fertilization begins with dripping, and urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate is applied with the dripping.

[0050] In the present invention, the dosage of ammonium sulfate in the single male parent growth promotion water and fertilizer management is 0.8-1kg / mu, the dosage of zinc sulfate is 0.1-0.2kg / mu, and the dosage of boron fertilizer is 0.2-0.3kg / mu; the single male parent growth promotion water and fertilizer management is carried out 15 days after the male parent emerges, and the fertilization starts with dripping, and the ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boron fertilizer are applied with the dripping. The present invention designs male parent growth promotion water and fertilizer, which is beneficial to increase the male parent plant height of seed corn.

[0051] It is beneficial to the pollen spread and pollination of the male parent.

[0052] In the present invention, the dosage of urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate in the single mother parent emergence water and fertilizer management is 1-2.5 kg / mu; the single mother parent emergence water and fertilizer management is carried out after the unified sowing of the mother parent is completed, and the fertilizer needs to be applied with water drops to avoid the weather process, and the urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate is applied with water drops. Avoiding the weather process means irrigating according to the climate conditions, avoiding irrigation and fertilization under conditions such as ground temperature and rainfall, which causes compaction and affects corn emergence.

[0053] In the present invention, the amount of monoammonium phosphate used in the overall head water management of the parents is 2-3 kg / mu, the amount of potassium sulfate is 1.5-2 kg / mu, the amount of urea is 3-4 kg / mu, the amount of urea phosphate is 1-2 kg / mu, and the amount of magnesium sulfate is 0.3-0.5 kg / mu. The overall head water management of the parents is carried out until the upper leaves of the young corn plants in the double mother line are rolled up. After dripping clean water for 30 minutes, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are dripped with water. After the monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are dripped, urea, urea phosphate and magnesium sulfate are continued to be dripped.

[0054] In the present invention, in the overall water and fertilizer management of the parents before the end of pollination, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 3-4 kg / mu, the dosage of potassium sulfate is 2-3 kg / mu, the dosage of amino acid zinc is 0.5 kg / mu, the dosage of magnesium sulfate is 0.5 kg / mu, the dosage of urea is 3-4 kg / mu, the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 1-2 kg / mu, the dosage of potassium chloride is 1-2 kg / mu, the dosage of boron fertilizer is 0.2 kg / mu, the dosage of manganese sulfate is 0.2 kg / mu, and the dosage of ammonium molybdate is 0.2 kg / mu. Before the pollination is completed, the overall water and fertilizer management of the parents is carried out for irrigation and fertilization 3-4 times in the late trumpet stage, large trumpet stage and pollination stage of the female parent, and monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, amino acid zinc and magnesium sulfate are applied with the water drops 30 minutes after each dripping of clean water. After the monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, amino acid zinc and magnesium sulfate are dripped, urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, boron fertilizer, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate are continued to be dripped.

[0055] In the present invention, the amount of monoammonium phosphate used in the water and fertilizer management of the single mother after pollination is 1.5-2.5kg / mu, the amount of potassium sulfate used is 0.5-1kg / mu, the amount of urea used is 2-3kg / mu, the amount of ammonium sulfate used is 0.5kg / mu, and the amount of manganese sulfate used is 0.1kg / mu. When the water and fertilizer management of the single mother after pollination is carried out, irrigation is carried out 2-4 times during the grain establishment period and the milk maturity period. After 40 minutes of dripping clean water each time, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are applied with water drops. After the monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are dripped, urea, ammonium sulfate and manganese sulfate are continued to be applied with water drops; when the water and fertilizer management of the single mother after pollination is carried out, if the precipitation is sufficient during this period, there is no need to irrigate too much; irrigation can be stopped after the fertilizer is applied with water drops.

[0056] In the present invention, in the water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant before harvest, the soil moisture content is ensured to be maintained at 60-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity during the waxy maturity period; and the soil moisture content is ensured to be controlled below 65% of the maximum field water holding capacity after the full maturity period.

[0057] The water and fertilizer management of the male parent of the seed corn of the present invention is mainly based on early growth promotion and late water control. Before the tasseling period, a continuous promotion method is adopted for water and fertilizer management. By optimizing the water and fertilizer management, the male parent can be taller than the female parent and the pollen amount is more than 5% higher than the traditional method, which is beneficial to pollination. In the later stage, water and fertilizer inputs are reduced by controlling water and fertilizer, thereby improving fertilizer utilization.

[0058] The water and fertilizer management of the seed corn mother plant of the present invention adopts a water dripping method to promote uniformity, control water and height, and manage in a whole-process water and fertilizer integrated mode.

[0059] The present invention further improves the absorption and utilization of applied fertilizers by corn by adjusting the fertilization time and controlling the fertilization of the male parent row in the later stage, and also reduces the accumulation and enrichment of chemical fertilizers in the soil, which is beneficial to the protection of cultivated land resources.

[0060] The present invention adopts a method of using different special fertilizer groups at different fertilization periods to achieve synchronization between fertilizer supply and fertilizer demand of seed corn. Compared with conventional water-soluble fertilizers, it overcomes the problem of unbalanced nutrient supply in the middle and late growth stages of corn.

[0061] The method for regulating water and fertilizer for male and female parents of drip irrigation seed corn of the present invention realizes the integration of water and fertilizer in the whole process, and achieves the purpose of saving labor, fertilizer, water, high yield and stable yield.

[0062] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods; the materials, reagents, fertilizers, etc. used, unless otherwise specified, can all be purchased from commercial channels.

[0063] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] A differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes several drip irrigation belt units 10, male irrigation branch pipes 4 and female irrigation branch pipes 5; the drip irrigation belt unit 10 includes a single male drip irrigation belt 1, a single female drip irrigation belt 2 and a double female drip irrigation belt 3; the single male drip irrigation belt 1 is connected to the male irrigation branch pipe 4, and the single female drip irrigation belt 2 and the double female drip irrigation belt 3 are connected to the female irrigation branch pipe 5; the male irrigation branch pipe 4 and the female irrigation branch pipe 5 are connected to the water outlet pile of the farmland irrigation network through a water diversion valve 8, and a main control valve 9 is provided between the water diversion valve 8 and the water outlet pile of the farmland irrigation network; the water inlet end of the male irrigation branch pipe 4 is provided with a first control valve 6, and the water inlet end of the female irrigation branch pipe 5 is provided with a second control valve 7.

[0066] When in use, different numbers of seed corn differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization systems are set up in different regions according to the water outlets in the farmland irrigation network, and the master control valve 9 of each seed corn differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system is connected to each water outlet of the farmland irrigation network, and each master control valve 9 controls the irrigation process of seed corn in each region. In each irrigation area, the irrigation belt unit 10 can be set on any one side or both sides of the male parent irrigation branch pipe 4 and the female parent irrigation branch pipe 5, and can be set according to the actual planting situation.

[0067] In each irrigation area, a plurality of drip irrigation belt units 10 are arranged. The number of the drip irrigation belt units 10 is determined according to the planting length of the plot. The drip irrigation belt units 10 include a single male parent drip irrigation belt 1, a single female parent drip irrigation belt 2 and a double female parent drip irrigation belt 3. The ratio of the number of the single male parent drip irrigation belt 1, the single female parent drip irrigation belt 2 and the double female parent drip irrigation belt 3 is 1:1:3; the single male parent drip irrigation belt 1 can irrigate a single row of male parents, the single female parent drip irrigation belt 2 can irrigate a single row of female parents, and the double female parent drip irrigation belt 3 can irrigate double rows of female parents, which is consistent with the 1:1 ratio of the seed corn. The single male parent drip irrigation belt 1 is controlled by the first control valve 6, and the single female parent drip irrigation belt 2 and the double female parent drip irrigation belt 3 are controlled by the second control valve 7, so as to realize the purpose of irrigating the female parent alone, irrigating the male parent alone, and irrigating the male and female parents at the same time, and respectively meet the irrigation and fertilization needs of the male and female parents at different growth periods, thereby improving the emergence rate and uniformity of the male and female parents, increasing the amount of pollen grains, promoting corn pollination, increasing seed yield and seed quality, and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0068] The diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe 4 is less than or equal to the diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe 5. The diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe 5 is 90 mm, and the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe 4 is 75 mm. The male irrigation branch pipe 4 and the female irrigation branch pipe 5 are PE pipes.

[0069] The first control valve 6, the second control valve 7 and the master control valve 9 are ball valves, which may be manual valves or automatic control valves.

[0070] The water diverter valve 8 is a three-way ball valve. The diameters of the water inlet and main outlet of the water diverter valve 8 are consistent with the diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe 5, and the diameter of the side outlet of the water diverter valve 8 is consistent with the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe 4.

[0071] The male irrigation branch pipe 4 is perpendicular to the single male drip irrigation belt 1, and the female irrigation branch pipe 5 is perpendicular to the single female drip irrigation belt 2 and the double female drip irrigation belt 3. The irrigation belt unit 10 is arranged on the same side of the male irrigation branch pipe 4 and the female irrigation branch pipe 5.

[0072] The single male drip irrigation belt 1 is connected to the male irrigation branch pipe 4 through a bypass or a tee, and the single female drip irrigation belt 2 and the double female drip irrigation belt 3 are connected to the female irrigation branch pipe 5 through a bypass or a tee.

[0073] The single-parent drip irrigation belt 1, the single-parent drip irrigation belt 2 and the double-parent drip irrigation belt 3 are all equipped with drippers. The dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation belt 1 is 20cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0L / h. The dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation belt 2 is 20cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0L / h. The dripper spacing of the double-parent drip irrigation belt 3 is 30cm, and the dripper flow rate is 2.4L / h.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] 1. Overview of the test area:

[0076] The experiment was conducted in the 69th Regiment of Chabuchaer County, Xinjiang. The experimental plot area is 600 mu, and the previous crop is wheat; this experiment was completed in April and September 2024 in the Chuangjin Agricultural Materials Seed Corn Field of the Fourth Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Yili, 43°43′N, 81°21′E). The experimental area is located in the eastern part of Chabuchaer County, with an average annual temperature of 22.04℃, which is a typical temperate continental climate. The experimental soil type is irrigated chestnut gray soil, and the soil texture is loam. The soil electrical conductivity EC is 249.83μs / cm, pH value is 8.6, alkaline nitrogen is 81.50mg / kg, available phosphorus is 14.96mg / kg, and available potassium is 96.42mg / kg.

[0077] The maximum field water holding capacity of the soil in the test site is 16.8. When planting seed corn, the "1:7 mode" is adopted, that is, 1 row of male parent and 7 rows of female parent, the plant spacing of male parent of seed corn is 13.5cm, and the plant spacing of female parent of seed corn is 13.5cm; the row spacing between two female parents is 40cm, and the row spacing between male and female parents is 60cm.

[0078] 2. Irrigation and fertilization system settings

[0079] The test area of ​​this embodiment adopts the differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn described in Example 1; the setting method is also carried out in accordance with Example 1, that is, the drip irrigation tape is set to match the 1:7 planting pattern of seed corn (1 row of male parent and 7 rows of female parent), and is laid in a "one tube and two rows" manner, that is, the double female parent drip irrigation tape 3 is set in the middle position of the double female parent corn sowing row, and the single male parent drip irrigation tape 1 and the single female parent drip irrigation tape 2 are respectively set at 5 cm inside the single male parent row and the single female parent row between the parent parent sowing rows.

[0080] The system specifically selects:

[0081] Drip irrigation tape: In this embodiment, the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape 1 is 20 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h (small flow and small spacing drip irrigation tape). The dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape 2 is 20 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h (small flow and small spacing drip irrigation tape). The dripper spacing of the double-parent drip irrigation tape 3 is 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 2.4 L / h (medium spacing and large flow drip irrigation tape).

[0082] Irrigation branch pipe: The diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe 5 is a 90mm PE (polyethylene) black pipe water hose, and the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe 4 is a 75mm PE (polyethylene) black pipe water hose.

[0083] Fertilizer is added through the fertilizer spreader of the original system, the fertilizer spreader is connected to the farmland irrigation network, and the farmland irrigation network is connected to the differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn of the present invention.

[0084] 3. Test material selection:

[0085] Ground film: Choose ordinary polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.012mm.

[0086] Corn variety: The experimental seed corn variety is Leidan No. 1; the male parent of the seed corn is SS1819, and the female parent of the seed corn is P1023.

[0087] 4. Differentiated water and fertilizer management method for male and female parents of seed corn

[0088] (1) Water and fertilizer management for the emergence of the mother parent: On April 15, 2024, after the unified sowing of the mother parent is completed, the above system will be connected to the pipe network of the irrigation and fertilization system as a whole. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the mother parent will be fully opened for irrigation, and the irrigation system of the father parent will be fully closed. The emergence water will be uniformly dripped on the mother parent row, and urea phosphate will be applied with the emergence water dripping, with a dosage of 1.5 kg / mu; the final irrigation amount will be stopped when the wet front exceeds the row spacing of 5 cm between the two mother parent corn sowing rows.

[0089] (2) Water and fertilizer management for male parent emergence: According to the requirements of staggered sowing during the growth period, the male parent was sown 7 days after the female parent was sown. Water for emergence was dripped within 24 hours after sowing. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the female parent was completely closed, and the irrigation system of the male parent was fully opened. Urea phosphate was dripped with 0.5 kg / mu of water when the seedling emergence occurred. The irrigation was stopped when the wet front exceeded the maize sowing row spacing between the maize parents by 7 cm. The emergence rate of the male parent was 98.8%, and the seedlings emerged evenly.

[0090] (3) Water and fertilizer management for male parent to promote growth: 20 days after the emergence of the male parent, water and fertilizer should be supplemented to promote growth. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the female parent should be completely closed, and the irrigation system of the male parent should be fully opened for irrigation. Water and fertilizer should be applied with water drips, using 1kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, 0.1kg / mu of zinc sulfate, and 0.2kg / mu of boron fertilizer. The final irrigation amount should be stopped when the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row spacing of 5cm between the parent parent.

[0091] (4) First water management of parent plants: appropriately delay the first water irrigation time of the mother plant until the upper leaves of the young corn plants in the double mother plant row are rolled up (June 5); then open the irrigation systems of the father plant and the mother plant for irrigation and fertilization. After dripping clean water for 30 minutes, drip 2.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate and 2 kg / mu of potassium sulfate. After the above fertilizers are dripped, continue to drip 3.5 kg / mu of urea, 1.5 kg / mu of urea phosphate, and 0.5 kg / mu of magnesium sulfate. Finally, irrigate until the wet front exceeds 10 cm of the row spacing of the double mother plant corn. Stop irrigation.

[0092] (5) Water and fertilizer management before pollination: Irrigation and fertilization were carried out three times, at the late trumpet stage of the female parent (June 15), the large trumpet stage (June 24), and after the heading stage of the male parent (July 6). When irrigating, all the irrigation systems of the male and female parents were opened for irrigation. After 30 minutes of dripping clean water each time, 3.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 2.5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, 0.5 kg / mu of amino acid zinc, and 0.5 kg / mu of magnesium sulfate were used for drip application. After the above fertilizers were dripped, 3.5 kg / mu of urea, 1.5 kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 kg / mu of potassium chloride, 0.2 kg / mu of boron fertilizer, 0.2 kg / mu of manganese sulfate, and 0.2 kg / mu of ammonium molybdate were continued. Irrigation was stopped when the wet front exceeded the row spacing of the two female parent corns by 10 cm. The male parent's plant height is as high as 270cm and as low as 250cm, with an average plant height of 260cm. The male corn parents grow evenly. The average plant height of the female parent is 200cm. It can be seen that the male parent is 60cm taller than the female parent, which is conducive to pollination.

[0093] (6) Water and fertilizer management after pollination: After pollination, the male parent was harvested in advance on July 17; irrigation was carried out twice during the grain formation period (August 1) and the milk maturity period (August 10). When irrigating, the irrigation system of the female parent was fully opened for irrigation, and the irrigation system of the male parent was fully closed. After each dripping of clean water for 40 minutes, 2 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate and 1 kg / mu of potassium sulfate were dripped. After the above fertilizers were dripped, 2.5 kg / mu of urea, 0.5 kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 kg / mu of manganese sulfate were continued.

[0094] (7) Water and fertilizer management before harvest: During the waxy maturity period (August 20), the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity; after the full maturity period (August 30), the soil moisture content should be controlled below 65% of the maximum field water holding capacity. According to the soil moisture conditions at different stages mentioned above, the mother parent should be irrigated in due course. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the mother parent should be fully opened for irrigation, while the irrigation system of the father parent should be fully closed.

[0095] On September 10, when the maize husks of the mother corn turn yellow, the kernels become hard, and a black layer appears on the back of the kernel embryo, the corn harvester is used for harvesting. Before harvesting, the dripper belt is harvested mechanically for reuse; the corn stalks are crushed mechanically, the land is prepared, and returned to the field.

[0096] When the moisture content of corn kernels is 22% after harvest, 2 The corn yield is 700kg, and the thousand-grain weight is 440g. The water consumption of the above method is about 280 cubic meters per mu; the fertilizer consumption is about: nitrogen 230kg·hm -2 、Phosphorus 155kg·hm -2 Potassium 150kg·hm -2 .

[0097] Example 3

[0098] 1. Overview of the test area:

[0099] The experiment was conducted in the 64th Regiment of Kokdala, Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang. The experimental plot area is 140 mu, and the experimental variety is Longyu 168 (male parent: T418, female parent: M504); the previous crop is corn; this experiment was completed from April to October 2024 (Yili, 80.6844676°E, 44.1265584°N). The experimental area is located in the 64th Regiment of Kokdala City, with an average annual temperature of 22.5℃ during the growth period, which is a typical temperate continental climate. The experimental soil type is irrigated weakly saline gray-calcium soil, and the soil texture is clay loam. The soil conductivity EC is 342.11μs / cm, pH value is 8.03, total nitrogen is 3.69g / kg, available phosphorus is 20.24mg / kg, and available potassium is 270.45mg / kg.

[0100] The maximum field water holding capacity of the soil in the test site is 19.8. When planting seed corn, the "1:7 mode" is adopted, that is, 1 row of male parent and 7 rows of female parent, the plant spacing of male parent of seed corn is 13.5cm, and the plant spacing of female parent of seed corn is 13.5cm; the row spacing between two female parents is 40cm, and the row spacing between male and female parents is 70cm.

[0101] 2. Irrigation and fertilization system settings

[0102] The test area of ​​this embodiment adopts the differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn described in Example 1; the setting method is also carried out in accordance with Example 1, that is, the drip irrigation tape is set to match the 1:7 planting pattern of seed corn (1 row of male parent and 7 rows of female parent), and is laid in a "one tube and two rows" manner, that is, the double female parent drip irrigation tape 3 is set in the middle position of the double female parent corn sowing row, and the single male parent drip irrigation tape 1 and the single female parent drip irrigation tape 2 are respectively set at 5 cm inside the single male parent row and the single female parent row between the parent parent sowing rows.

[0103] The system specifically selects:

[0104] Drip irrigation tape: In this embodiment, the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape 1 is 20 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h. The dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape 2 is 20 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 L / h. The dripper spacing of the double-parent drip irrigation tape 3 is 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 2.2 L / h.

[0105] Irrigation branch pipe: The diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe 5 is a 90mm PE (polyethylene) black pipe water hose, and the diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe 4 is a 63mm PE (polyethylene) black pipe water hose.

[0106] Fertilizer is added through the fertilizer spreader of the original system, the fertilizer spreader is connected to the farmland irrigation network, and the farmland irrigation network is connected to the differentiated zoning irrigation and fertilization system for seed corn of the present invention.

[0107] 3. Test material selection:

[0108] Ground film: Choose ordinary polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.012mm.

[0109] Corn varieties: The experimental seed corn variety is Longyu 168; the male parent of the seed corn is T418, and the female parent of the seed corn is M504.

[0110] 4. Differentiated water and fertilizer management method for male and female parents of seed corn

[0111] (1) Water and fertilizer management for the emergence of the mother parent: On April 7, 2024, after the unified sowing of the mother parent is completed, the above system will be connected to the pipe network of the irrigation and fertilization system as a whole. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the mother parent will be fully opened for irrigation, and the irrigation system of the father parent will be fully closed. The emergence water will be uniformly dripped on the mother parent row, and 1.2 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate will be applied with the emergence water dripping; the final irrigation amount will be stopped when the wet front exceeds the row spacing of the double mother parent corn sowing rows by 3 cm.

[0112] (2) Management of water and fertilizer for male parent emergence: According to the requirements of staggered sowing during the growth period, the male parent was sown 9 days after the female parent was sown. Water for emergence was dripped within 24 hours after sowing. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the female parent was completely closed, and the irrigation system of the male parent was completely opened. 0.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate was dripped with the emergence water. The irrigation was stopped when the wet front exceeded the maize sowing row spacing between the maize parents and the maize sowing row spacing of 8 cm. The emergence rate of the male parent was 97.6%, and the seedlings emerged evenly.

[0113] (3) Water and fertilizer management for male parent growth promotion: 18 days after the emergence of the male parent, water and fertilizer should be supplemented to promote growth. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the female parent should be completely closed, and the irrigation system of the male parent should be fully opened for irrigation. Water and fertilizer should be applied with water drips, using 1kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, 0.2kg / mu of zinc sulfate, and 0.3kg / mu of boron fertilizer. Irrigation should be stopped when the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row spacing of 8cm between the parent parent plants.

[0114] (4) First water management of parent plants: appropriately delay the first water irrigation time of the mother plant until the upper leaves of the young corn plants in the double mother plant row are rolled up (June 4); open the irrigation systems of the father plant and the mother plant for irrigation and fertilization. After dripping clean water for 30 minutes, drip 3kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate and 1.5kg / mu of potassium sulfate. After the above fertilizers are dripped, continue to drip 3kg / mu of urea, 1.5kg / mu of urea phosphate, and 0.3kg / mu of magnesium sulfate. Finally, irrigate until the wet front exceeds 12cm of the row spacing of the double mother plant corn. Stop irrigation.

[0115] (5) Water and fertilizer management before the end of pollination: Irrigation and fertilization were carried out four times, namely, in the late trumpet stage (June 14), the large trumpet stage (June 22), and the pollination stage (July 2 and July 15) of the female parent. When irrigating, the irrigation systems of both the male and female parents were opened for irrigation. After 30 minutes of dripping clean water each time, 3.5 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate, 2.5 kg / mu of potassium sulfate, 0.5 kg / mu of amino acid zinc, and 0.5 kg / mu of magnesium sulfate were used for drip fertilization. After the above fertilizers were dripped, 3.5 kg / mu of urea, 1.5 kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, 1.5 kg / mu of potassium chloride, 0.2 kg / mu of boron fertilizer, 0.2 kg / mu of manganese sulfate, and 0.2 kg / mu of ammonium molybdate were continued. Irrigation was stopped when the moist front exceeded the row spacing of the double female parent corn planting row by 12 cm. The highest plant height of the male parent is 263cm, the lowest is 240cm, and the average plant height is 255cm. The male corn parent grows evenly; the average plant height of the female parent is 210cm, which shows that the male parent is 45cm taller than the female parent, which is conducive to pollination.

[0116] (6) Water and fertilizer management after pollination: After pollination, the male parent was harvested in advance on July 18; irrigation was carried out three times during the grain formation period (July 23 and August 4) and the milk maturity period (August 15). When irrigating, the irrigation system of the female parent was fully opened for irrigation, and the irrigation system of the male parent was fully closed. After each dripping of clean water for 40 minutes, 2 kg / mu of monoammonium phosphate and 1 kg / mu of potassium sulfate were dripped. After the above fertilizers were dripped, 2.5 kg / mu of urea, 0.5 kg / mu of ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 kg / mu of manganese sulfate were continued.

[0117] (7) Water and fertilizer management before harvest: During the waxy maturity period (August 25), the soil moisture content should be maintained at 60-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity; after the full maturity period (September 5), the soil moisture content should be controlled below 65% of the maximum field water holding capacity. According to the soil moisture conditions at different stages mentioned above, the mother parent should be irrigated in a timely manner. When irrigating, the irrigation system of the mother parent should be fully opened for irrigation, while the irrigation system of the father parent should be fully closed.

[0118] On September 20, when the maize husks of the mother corn turned yellow, the kernels hardened, and a black layer appeared on the back of the kernel embryo, the corn was harvested by a corn harvester. Before harvesting, the dripper belt was harvested mechanically for reuse; the corn stalks were crushed mechanically, the land was prepared, and returned to the field.

[0119] When the moisture content of corn kernels is 22% after harvest, 2 The corn yield is 669kg, and the thousand-grain weight is 428g. The water consumption of the above method is about 280 cubic meters per mu; the fertilizer consumption is about: nitrogen 230kg·hm -2 、Phosphorus 155kg·hm -2 Potassium 150kg·hm -2 .

[0120] Comparative Example 1

[0121] 1. Overview of the test area:

[0122] The experiment was conducted in Ili, Xinjiang. The experimental plot area is 50 mu, and the previous crop is wheat; this experiment was completed in April and September 2024 in the Chuangjin Agricultural Materials Seed Corn Field of the Fourth Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Ili, 43°43′N, 81°21′E). The experimental area is located on the south bank of the Ili River in Chabuchaer County, with an average annual temperature of 22.04℃, which is a typical temperate continental climate. The experimental soil type is irrigated chestnut gray soil, and the soil texture is loam. The soil electrical conductivity EC is 249.83μs / cm, pH value is 8.6, alkaline nitrogen is 81.50mg / kg, available phosphorus is 14.96mg / kg, and available potassium is 96.42mg / kg.

[0123] The maximum field water holding capacity of the soil in the test site is 16.8. When planting seed corn, the "1:7 mode" is adopted, that is, 1 row of male parent and 7 rows of female parent, the spacing between male and female parent of seed corn is 13.5cm, and unequal rows are used for sowing, with a wide row width of 80cm and a narrow row width of 30cm.

[0124] 2. Irrigation and fertilization system settings

[0125] This comparative example adopts the "one tube two rows" method to lay the drip irrigation tape. The drip irrigation tape dripper spacing is selected to be 30cm, and the dripper flow rate is selected to be 2.4L / h according to the soil texture.

[0126] 3. Test material selection:

[0127] Ground film: Choose ordinary polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.012mm.

[0128] Corn variety: The experimental seed corn variety is Leidan No. 1; the male parent of the seed corn is SS1819, and the female parent of the seed corn is P1023.

[0129] 4. Differentiated water and fertilizer management method for male and female parents of seed corn

[0130] Regardless of the irrigation schedule for the parent plants, traditional drip irrigation and integrated water and fertilizer management for corn are used. In addition to conventional irrigation, fertilizer is drip-applied in 8 doses. The parent plants are sown at different times, the parent plants are harvested in advance after pollination, and the parent plants are harvested after the seeds mature.

[0131] Step 1, sowing and germination water irrigation: corn is sown in unequal rows, with a wide row width of 80cm and a narrow row width of 30cm; the middle of the narrow row is used to lay drip irrigation tape; after sowing, uniformly drip germination water is applied after avoiding the weather process, and the amount of irrigation is preferably such that the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row by 12 to 18cm, and every 667m2 The dripping amount is not less than 13m 3 Not higher than 25m 3 .

[0132] Step 2: Irrigation and regulation of the first water after seedling emergence: Try to delay the first water irrigation time until the upper leaves of the corn seedlings are rolled up; adjust the irrigation time every 667m according to the soil moisture conditions. 2 Dripping 30~35m 3 ; Two hours after dripping clean water, apply corn drip irrigation special fertilizer Ⅰ (36-8-6) 8-10kg / mu with the water.

[0133] Step 3: Fertilizer application and irrigation control in the middle growth period: From the trumpet stage to the heading stage, drip irrigation is used to maintain the soil moisture content between 70% and 80% of the maximum field water holding capacity. 2 Water consumption should be controlled within 120~150m 3 In between; apply corn drip irrigation special fertilizer Ⅱ (32-15-6.5) with water drops at 7-9kg / mu and 8-10kg / mu during the trumpet stage and heading stage respectively.

[0134] Step 4: Fertilizer application and irrigation regulation in the middle and late growth stages: From the flowering stage to the milky stage, drip irrigation is used to maintain the soil moisture content between 80% and 90% of the maximum field water holding capacity. 2 Water consumption should be controlled between 110 and 130 m3 3 During the flowering period, grain formation period and milk maturity period, apply corn drip irrigation special fertilizer III (33-14-6) with water drops at 5-7kg / mu, 8-10kg / mu and 2-3kg / mu respectively.

[0135] Step 5: Water and fertilizer management before harvest: During the waxy stage, irrigation should be carried out to keep the soil moisture content at 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity in the field. 2 Water consumption is controlled at 30m 3 Below; after the full maturity stage, the irrigation amount should be controlled according to the soil moisture content and be below 65% of the maximum field water holding capacity.

[0136] Step 6, water and fertilizer management after harvest: When the bracts turn yellow, the kernels become hard, a black layer appears at the base of the back of the kernel embryo, the milk line disappears, and the kernels become hard, choose a corn harvester for harvesting; use a mechanical harvesting dripper belt for reuse before harvesting; use mechanical crushing, land preparation, and return of corn stalks to the field.

[0137] The male parent emergence rate was 92%, which was not as uniform as in Examples 2 to 3. The male parent had a maximum plant height of 240 cm, a minimum of 210 cm, and an average plant height of 220 cm. The uniformity of the growth of the male parent was poorer than in Examples 2 to 3. The average plant height of the female parent was 20 cm, and there was no significant difference in the height of the male parent, which did not reflect the pollination advantage of Examples 2 to 3. When the moisture content of corn kernels was 26% after harvest, the average height of each 667 m 2 The corn yield is 384kg. The water consumption is about 320 cubic meters per mu; the fertilizer consumption is about: nitrogen 360kg·hm 2 、Phosphorus 155kg·hm 2 Potassium 165kg·hm 2 .

[0138] According to the statistical data of the above Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that:

[0139] The male parent growth-promoting water and fertilizer of the present invention is beneficial to increasing the male parent plant height of seed corn, and is beneficial to the pollen propagation and pollination of the male parent; after the optimized water and fertilizer management of the present invention is adopted, the pollen amount is more than 5% higher than the traditional method. The double seedling water method improves the uniformity of corn seedling emergence, solves the problem of large and small seedlings caused by local water and fertilizer differences, and the growth of male and female corn is consistent.

[0140] The present invention further improves the absorption and utilization of applied fertilizers by corn by adjusting the fertilization time and controlling the fertilization of the male parent row in the later stage, and also reduces the accumulation and enrichment of chemical fertilizers in the soil, which is beneficial to the protection of soil resources. The present invention adopts different special fertilizer groups at different fertilization periods to achieve the synchronization of fertilizer supply and fertilizer demand of seed corn, and overcomes the problem of unbalanced nutrient supply in the middle and late growth stages of corn compared with conventional water-soluble fertilizer ratios.

[0141] The method for regulating water and fertilizer for male and female parents of drip irrigation seed corn of the present invention realizes the integration of water and fertilizer in the whole process, and achieves the purpose of saving labor, fertilizer, water, high yield and stable yield.

[0142] In summary, the present invention overcomes the problems of difficult sowing, uneven emergence, short plant height, little pollen, and waste of water and fertilizer in the later stage caused by the male parent in water and fertilizer management; by optimizing the irrigation and fertilization system and the water and fertilizer management mode, the male parent and the female parent can both emerge evenly, water and fertilizer control can be achieved in stages, and zoning management can be achieved, thereby improving seed yield and quality, making it more suitable for practical use.

[0143] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seed corn parent partition drip fertigation system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of drip irrigation belt units (10), a male root irrigation branch pipe (4) and a female root irrigation branch pipe (5); the drip irrigation belt unit comprises a single male root drip irrigation belt (1), a single female root drip irrigation belt (2) and a double female root drip irrigation belt (3); the single male root drip irrigation belt (1) is connected to the male root irrigation branch pipe (4); the single female root drip irrigation belt (2) and the double female root drip irrigation belt (3) are respectively connected to the female root irrigation branch pipe (5); the male root irrigation branch pipe (4) and the female root irrigation branch pipe (5) are connected to a farmland irrigation water outlet pile through a water diversion valve (8); a master control valve (9) is provided between the water diversion valve (8) and the farmland irrigation water outlet pile; the water inlet end of the male root irrigation branch pipe (4) is provided with a first control valve (6), and the water inlet end of the female root irrigation branch pipe (5) is provided with a second control valve (7).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape (1) is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is ≤1.0 L / h; the dripper spacing of the single-parent drip irrigation tape (2) is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 1.0 to 1.5 L / h; the dripper spacing of the double-parent drip irrigation tape (3) is 20 to 30 cm, and the dripper flow rate is 2.0 to 3.0 L / h.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the male irrigation branch pipe (4) is less than or equal to the diameter of the female irrigation branch pipe (5).

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter of the female parent irrigation branch pipe (5) is ≥90 mm, and the diameter of the male parent irrigation branch pipe (4) is 63 mm, 75 mm or 90 mm.

5. A method for regulating water and fertilizer for parent plants of seed corn, characterized in that: The method is carried out using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 4; Including water and fertilizer management for the emergence of single female plants, water and fertilizer management for the emergence of single male plants, water and fertilizer management for the growth promotion of single male plants, overall first water management for both parents, and overall water and fertilizer management for both parents before the end of pollination; water and fertilizer management for single female plants after pollination, and water and fertilizer management for single female plants before harvest; The water and fertilizer management for the emergence of a single male parent includes the final irrigation amount being preferably such that the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row between adjacent male and female parents by 5 to 8 cm, and urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate is applied with water drops; The single male parent growth promotion water and fertilizer management includes the final irrigation amount being preferably such that the wet front exceeds the corn sowing row between adjacent male and female parents by 5 to 8 cm, and ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate and boron fertilizer are applied with water drops; The single mother parent seedling water and fertilizer management includes the final irrigation amount being preferably 3 to 5 cm above the double mother parent corn sowing row spacing with the wet front; applying urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate with water drops; The overall first water management of the parent plants includes dripping clean water for 20 to 40 minutes, dripping monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and continuing to drip urea, urea phosphate and magnesium sulfate after the above fertilizers are dripped. It is advisable to irrigate until the wet front exceeds the row spacing of the double mother corn planting row by 8 to 12 cm; The overall water and fertilizer management of the parents before the pollination is completed includes: irrigating and fertilizing 3 to 4 times before pollination, dripping clean water for 20 to 40 minutes each time, and then dripping monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, amino acid zinc and magnesium sulfate with the water. After the above fertilizers are dripped, continue to drip urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, boron fertilizer, manganese sulfate and ammonium molybdate. The final irrigation amount is preferably 8 to 12 cm when the wet front exceeds the row spacing of the double maize parent corn planting row; The water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant after pollination includes: irrigating 2 to 4 times after pollination, dripping clean water for 30 to 50 minutes each time, applying monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate with the water, and continuing to drip urea, ammonium sulfate and manganese sulfate after the above fertilizers are dripped; The water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant before harvest includes the irrigation amount being determined by maintaining the soil moisture content in a proportion of the maximum water holding capacity in the field.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage of urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate in the water and fertilizer management for the emergence of the single male parent is 0.3-0.5 kg / mu.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the single male plant growth promoting water and fertilizer management, the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 0.8-1 kg / mu, the dosage of zinc sulfate is 0.1-0.2 kg / mu, and the dosage of boron fertilizer is 0.2-0.3 kg / mu.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage of urea phosphate or monoammonium phosphate in the water and fertilizer management for the emergence of the single mother plant is 1 to 2.5 kg / mu.

9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the overall head water management of the parents, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 2-3kg / mu, the dosage of potassium sulfate is 1.5-2kg / mu, the dosage of urea is 3-4kg / mu, the dosage of urea phosphate is 1-2kg / mu, and the dosage of magnesium sulfate is 0.3-0.5kg / mu; in the overall water and fertilizer management of the parents before the end of pollination, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 3-4kg / mu, the dosage of potassium sulfate is 2-3kg / mu, the dosage of amino acid zinc is 0.5kg / mu, the dosage of magnesium sulfate is 0.5kg / mu, the dosage of urea is 3-4kg / mu, the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 1-2kg / mu, the dosage of potassium chloride is 1-2kg / mu, the dosage of boron fertilizer is 0.2kg / mu, the dosage of manganese sulfate is 0.2kg / mu, and the dosage of ammonium molybdate is 0.2kg / mu.

10. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant after pollination, the dosage of monoammonium phosphate is 1.5-2.5 kg / mu, the dosage of potassium sulfate is 0.5-1 kg / mu, the dosage of urea is 2-3 kg / mu, the dosage of ammonium sulfate is 0.5 kg / mu, and the dosage of manganese sulfate is 0.1 kg / mu; in the water and fertilizer management of the single mother plant before harvest, the soil moisture content is ensured to be maintained at 60-70% of the maximum field water holding capacity during the waxy maturity period, and the soil moisture content is ensured to be controlled below 65% of the maximum field water holding capacity after the full maturity period.

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