Mechanical cultivation method for open field common head cabbages

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a mechanical cultivation method for open field common head cabbages, which comprises the following steps: carrying out facility seedling culture on seeds of to-be-cultivated open field common head cabbages through a vegetable precision seeder assembly line, and carrying out mechanical fertilization on to-be-planted land by using a tractor to suspend a fertilizer spreader; ploughing the to-be-planted land, and transplanting seedlings of the to-be-cultivated open field common head cabbage to the to-be-planted land by using a transplanter; performing field management and mechanical cultivation on the transplanted open field common head cabbages to be cultivated by using preset cultivation equipment, and performing mechanical harvesting operation on the open field common head cabbages meeting preset harvesting requirements. Due to the fact that seedling raising, transplanting, field management and mechanical cultivation are conducted on the to-be-cultivated open field common head cabbages through the hole tray seeding machine, the transplanting machine and the preset cultivation equipment in sequence, compared with existing manual cultivation, manpower input is reduced, and operation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a mechanized cultivation method of open-field cabbage. Background Art

[0002] Agriculture has been the foundation of the national economy since ancient times. In order to achieve economic take-off and improve our country's comprehensive strength, our country has been exploring the path of agricultural development and has made great achievements in agricultural science and technology, economy and society.

[0003] At present, open-field cabbage occupies a certain position in the entire vegetable production and supply system due to its excellent taste and nutritional value. However, the existing open-field cabbage cultivation is still in the artificial planting stage, with low production efficiency and unstable quality.

[0004] The above contents are only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of the present invention and do not constitute an admission that the above contents are prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a mechanized cultivation method for open-field cabbage, aiming to solve the technical problems of low efficiency and poor standardization of cabbage cultivated artificially in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a mechanized cultivation method for open-field cabbage, the method comprising the following steps:

[0007] The seeds of cabbage to be cultivated in the open field are sown in plug trays by a vegetable precision seeder assembly line, and the temperature, water and fertilizer of the seeds after sowing are controlled by seedling raising facilities for seedling raising;

[0008] The land to be planted is tilled using a rotary tiller, the tilled land is fertilized mechanically using a fertilizer spreader, and the seedlings of the cabbage to be cultivated in the open field are transplanted to the land to be planted after the mechanized fertilization using a transplanter;

[0009] The transplanted open-field cabbages to be cultivated are subjected to field management and mechanized cultivation by using preset cultivation equipment, and the open-field cabbages that meet preset harvesting requirements are subjected to mechanized harvesting operations.

[0010] In one embodiment, the step of raising seedlings of cabbage to be cultivated in the open field by means of a vegetable precision seeder assembly line comprises:

[0011] The seeds of the cabbage to be cultivated in the open field are placed in the plug tray filled with substrate through the vegetable precision seeder assembly line, covered with vermiculite, watered, and the plug tray is placed on the seedbed, covered with film, and the seedlings are raised in the facility;

[0012] The seeds of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated are managed during the seeding stage and the seedling stage, wherein the temperature for the seeding stage management is 30° C., the temperature for the seedling stage management is 25° C. in the first preset time period, and the temperature for the second preset time period is 12° C. to 15° C.

[0013] In one embodiment, the step of using a fertilizer spreader to mechanized fertilize the cultivated land to be planted includes:

[0014] The soil fertility and crop rotation conditions of the land to be planted are obtained, and the land to be planted is fertilized by a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader according to the soil fertility and the crop rotation conditions.

[0015] In one embodiment, the step of using a rotary tiller to cultivate the land to be planted comprises:

[0016] The land to be planted is subjected to rotary tillage by a stubble destroyer and a laser land leveler is used to level the land to be planted;

[0017] The land to be planted is tilled using a stubble-killing rotary tiller, wherein the operating speed of the rotary tiller is set according to the soil conditions of the land to be planted, and the operating tillage depth of the rotary tiller is 10 cm to 25 cm.

[0018] In one embodiment, the step of applying fertilizer to the land to be planted by using a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader comprises:

[0019] Granular organic fertilizer and decomposed powder fertilizer are applied to the land to be planted by a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader, wherein the operating speed of the tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader is 2.5km / h to 4km / h, the operating width of the granular organic fertilizer is 9m to 16m, and the operating width of the decomposed powder fertilizer is 4m to 8m.

[0020] In one embodiment, before the step of using a ridging machine to dig furrows and ridge the land to be planted, the method further comprises:

[0021] Planning the operation route according to the shape, size and facility span of the land to be planted;

[0022] Accordingly, the step of using a ridging machine to dig furrows and ridge the land to be planted comprises:

[0023] The ridging machine is used to dig furrows and form ridges according to the working route, wherein the ridging soil crushing is greater than or equal to 85%, the ridge top surface flatness is less than or equal to 2 cm, the furrow bottom surface flatness is less than or equal to 5 cm, and the ridge body straightness is less than or equal to 10 cm.

[0024] In one embodiment, the step of using a transplanter to transplant the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted comprises:

[0025] When the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated have a height of 6 cm to 12 cm, a crown diameter of 3 cm to 6 cm, a root-crown ratio of 0.11 to 0.30, a clump rate of less than 5%, and the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated have 4 to 5 true leaves, a transplanter is used to transplant the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted.

[0026] In one embodiment, the step of performing field management and mechanized cultivation on the cabbage to be cultivated after transplanting using the preset cultivation equipment includes:

[0027] The cabbage to be cultivated is irrigated and fertilized using the water-fertilizer integration technology;

[0028] A high-ground-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer or a plant protection drone is used to carry out weeding, insect removal and disease prevention treatment on the cabbage to be cultivated.

[0029] In one embodiment, the step of using a high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer or a plant protection drone to weed, deworm and prevent diseases on the cultivated cabbage includes:

[0030] A high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer is used to apply pesticides to the cultivated cabbage, wherein the operating temperature of the high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer is 5° C. to 30° C., the wind speed of conventional spraying is not more than 3 m / s, the wind speed of low-volume spraying and ultra-low-volume spraying is not more than 2 m / s, and there is no updraft in ultra-low-volume spraying;

[0031] The plant protection UAV is used to spray the cultivated cabbage according to a preset planned route, wherein the flight operation height should be 1m away from the cultivated cabbage, and the flight operation speed is 4m / s to 6m / s.

[0032] The present invention uses a vegetable precision seeder assembly line to carry out facility seedling raising for the seeds of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated, and uses a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader to mechanically fertilize the land to be planted; the land to be planted is cultivated, and a transplanter is used to transplant the seedlings of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated to the land to be planted; the transplanted open-field cabbage to be cultivated is field managed and mechanized cultivated using preset cultivation equipment, and the open-field cabbage that meets the preset harvesting requirements is mechanized harvested. Since the present invention successively carries out seedling raising, transplanting, field management and mechanized cultivation of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated through a plug tray seeder, a transplanter and preset cultivation equipment, compared with the existing cultivation by manual means, the present invention reduces manpower input and improves work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the process of the first embodiment of the mechanized cultivation method of open-field cabbage of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the second embodiment of the mechanized cultivation method of open-field cabbage of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the third embodiment of the mechanized cultivation method of open-field cabbage of the present invention.

[0036] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] The embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanized cultivation method for open-field cabbage, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the first embodiment of the mechanized cultivation method of open-field cabbage of the present invention.

[0039] In this embodiment, the mechanized cultivation method of cabbage in the open field comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step S10: Seeds of cabbage to be cultivated in the open field are sown in plug trays by using a vegetable precision seeder assembly line, and seedling raising facilities are used to control the temperature, water and fertilizer of the seeds after sowing for seedling raising.

[0041] It should be noted that the above method provided in this embodiment can be applied in the scenario of mechanized cultivation of open-field cabbage, or in other cultivation scenarios.

[0042] Furthermore, since the seeds of open-field cabbage are small and expensive, the germination and emergence of seedlings have strict requirements on environmental conditions, and the growth of seedlings is extremely sensitive to humidity. Therefore, in order to realize the mechanized planting of open-field cabbage, seedling transplanting technology is generally used. This method can not only effectively save seeds, but also promote the growth of seedling lateral roots, increase the number of root systems, and improve the growth potential of plants. At the same time, seedling transplanting helps to shorten the growth cycle of open-field cabbage in the field, achieve early listing or delayed harvest, thereby improving the cultivation efficiency of open-field cabbage. In this embodiment, the above step S10 includes:

[0043] Step S11: The seeds of the cabbage to be cultivated outdoors are placed in a plug tray filled with a substrate through a vegetable precision seeder assembly line, covered with vermiculite, watered, and the plug tray is placed on a seedbed, covered with a film, and the seedlings are raised using the facility.

[0044] Step S12: performing seeding management and seedling management on the seeds of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated, wherein the temperature for seeding management is 30° C., the temperature for seedling management is 25° C. in the first preset time period, and the temperature for the second preset time period is 12° C. to 15° C.

[0045] It should be understood that the seed types of the above-mentioned outdoor cabbage to be cultivated may include ordinary outdoor cabbage, wrinkled leaf outdoor cabbage, collard outdoor cabbage, sprout outdoor cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, bulb outdoor cabbage, etc. Each type has many different varieties, each with its own characteristics, such as early-maturing, mid-maturing and late-maturing varieties, as well as different characteristics such as cold resistance, heat resistance, disease resistance, etc., to meet the planting needs of different regions and seasons. The specific varieties are not limited in this embodiment.

[0046] It should also be noted that, since outdoor cabbage is extremely sensitive to humidity, the above-mentioned plug tray watered with water is a plug tray watered thoroughly, the above-mentioned first preset time period may be a time period with natural light. The above-mentioned time period may differ according to different geographical locations and environments, and no specific limitation is made in this embodiment. The above-mentioned second time period may be a time period without natural light. The above-mentioned time period may differ according to different geographical locations and environments, and no specific limitation is made in this embodiment.

[0047] In the specific implementation, a 72-hole plug tray or other plug trays with the same number of holes can be used. This embodiment uses a 72-hole plug tray for illustration, but no specific limitation is made. When using an old plug tray, the plug tray should be cleaned, rinsed, aired and disinfected. It is understandable that when raising seedlings of open-field cabbage seeds, different substrates can be selected according to the type of open-field cabbage to provide the necessary nutrition for the open-field cabbage seeds. Therefore, in this embodiment, before placing the above-mentioned open-field cabbage seeds in the plug tray, an organic substrate for raising seedlings can be prepared by oneself. Generally, non-polluting garden soil, decomposed farmyard manure, peat, rice husk ash, compound fertilizer, etc. that are free of pests and diseases in the base are selected according to local conditions, mixed in a certain proportion, and 150g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 150g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder are added to each cubic meter of nutrient soil for stirring and disinfection. The matrix has a porosity of about 60%, a pH value of 6-7, available phosphorus of more than 100 mg / kg, available potassium of more than 100 mg / kg, available nitrogen of 150 mg / kg, and a water content that can be formed into a ball when held in the hand but will fall apart when released. Alternatively, purchase special matrix for plug tray seedling cultivation directly from the matrix manufacturer.

[0048] It should be understood that in order to improve the survival rate and germination rate of open-field cabbage, it is necessary to screen the open-field cabbage seeds before performing the above step S10, and select the local suitable open-field cabbage varieties according to the area where the above-mentioned planting area is located, and the seed qualification rate reaches excellent or above. After obtaining excellent seeds, the above-mentioned excellent seeds are sown in the above-mentioned 72-hole plug tray through the vegetable precision seeder assembly line, 1 seed per hole, and covered with 2mm thick vermiculite after sowing, and then the plug tray is placed on the seedbed or bed frame, and the plug tray is watered with a watering machine until water seeps out of the bottom of the plug tray. After the seeds are sown, cover them with a layer of mulch to keep warm and moisturize. In summer, the seedlings are covered with a layer of shade net to shade, which is conducive to water retention and ensures uniform emergence. Before emergence, the temperature in the shed is maintained at about 30°C. After emergence, the temperature is controlled at about 25°C during the day and 12-15°C at night.

[0049] In addition, it is also necessary to understand that the temperature difference between day and night should be increased within the scope permitted by conditions. For seedling cultivation in winter and spring, the film net should be uncovered in the first preset time period and covered in the second preset time period. It should also be uncovered during the time period when the humidity and temperature are below the preset threshold to increase the light in the shed. Incandescent lamps can also be installed to supplement the light. For seedling cultivation in summer and autumn, the ventilation volume can be increased to regulate the growth of seedlings. Covering the air vents with insect-proof nets can effectively prevent the invasion of pests and reduce the chance of infectious viral diseases such as aphids. Water appropriately depending on the seedling season or soil moisture conditions; control water appropriately before the true leaves emerge. After the true leaves emerge, combine spraying with an appropriate amount of 0.25% urea aqueous solution.

[0050] Step S20: using a rotary tiller to cultivate the land to be planted, using a fertilizer spreader to apply mechanized fertilizer to the cultivated land to be planted, and using a transplanter to transplant the seedlings of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated to the land to be planted after the mechanized fertilization.

[0051] It should be noted that according to different regions and varieties of open-field cabbage, appropriate planting methods should be selected, and comprehensive soil conditions, field size and other factors should be considered comprehensively to select machines and tools reasonably. Rotary tillage is the main method, supplemented by plowing, and rotary tillage is combined with horizontal land preparation. For soils with thin soil layers, low subsoil fertility, and slow maturation, top-turning and bottom-loosening and layered tillage can be adopted. In the specific implementation process, according to the area and soil conditions of the above-mentioned land to be planted, suitable machines and tools are selected and the above-mentioned land to be planted is cultivated. After the cultivation is completed, a transplanter is used to transplant the seedlings of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated to the land to be planted after the cultivation is completed.

[0052] Further, in order to ensure the survival rate of the cabbage seedlings after transplanting, the above step S20 includes:

[0053] Step S21: When the seedlings of the cabbage to be cultivated in the open field have a height of 6 cm to 12 cm, a crown diameter of 3 cm to 6 cm, a root-crown ratio of 0.11 to 0.30, a loosening rate of less than 5%, and the seedlings of the cabbage to be cultivated in the open field have 4 to 5 true leaves, use a transplanter to transplant the seedlings of the cabbage to be cultivated in the open field to the land to be planted.

[0054] In the specific implementation, a chain clamp type or a self-propelled transplanter is selected for transplanting according to the actual situation, and this embodiment does not make specific restrictions. Before transplanting cabbage seedlings in the open field, the growth status of the seedlings must be checked to ensure that there is no adhesion between the roots and the root clumps are compact. When the seedlings meet the transplanting standards, transplanting equipment that meets the mechanical performance requirements of JB / T10291 dryland planting should be used for the operation.

[0055] It is understandable that in order to facilitate the separation of the seedlings from the plug tray, water control measures need to be implemented on the seedlings one day before transplanting. According to the planting scale and existing mechanical conditions, semi-automatic or fully automatic transplanters can be selected. The transplanter should have the function of adjusting the planting row spacing, plant spacing and depth, and all performance indicators must comply with the provisions of JB / T10291. Determine the planting density according to the above-mentioned open-field cabbage varieties (for example, 4,000 to 5,000 plants per mu for early-maturing varieties, 3,500 to 4,000 plants per mu for medium and late-maturing varieties, the row spacing should be 35 to 55 cm, and the plant spacing should be 23 to 30 cm). In addition, the planting depth should be sufficient to cover the plug tray seedling substrate block, with a depth of 3 to 5 cm. When transplanting, the planting depth should be consistent, the plant spacing should be uniform, and the rows should be neat. When planning the transplanting route, linearity should be maintained to ensure the accuracy of row spacing, transplanting depth and density.

[0056] In addition, it is important to understand that when the transplanter turns or reverses, the planting part of the work should be suspended. When placing the seedlings manually, it should be done in a timely and accurate manner to avoid missing plants. If continuous missing of seedlings is caused by reasons other than manual placement of seedlings, the engine should be turned off, the cause of the fault in the transmission part of the machine should be checked, and it should be eliminated. At the same time, the standing and injury of the transplanted seedlings should be checked at any time, and the machine should be adjusted in time.

[0057] Step S30: using preset cultivation equipment to perform field management and mechanized cultivation on the transplanted open-field cabbages to be cultivated, and mechanized harvesting of the open-field cabbages that meet preset harvesting requirements.

[0058] It should be understood that the above-mentioned field management may be irrigation, topdressing, tillage, plant protection and other management; the above-mentioned mechanized cultivation may be the cultivation of the above-mentioned open-field cabbage seedlings by mechanical equipment; the above-mentioned preset cultivation facilities may be facilities for field management such as cart-type sprayers, plant protection drones, self-propelled high-ground clearance boom sprayers, etc.

[0059] In the specific implementation, according to the water and fertilizer requirements of open-field cabbage, timely irrigation and fertilization can be carried out, and efficient irrigation technologies and equipment such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and ridge irrigation can be used. In addition, during the growth of open-field cabbage, according to the occurrence of local diseases, insect pests and weeds, the pesticides and dosages are selected according to the requirements of plant protection, and high-clearance self-propelled spray boom sprayers or plant protection drones are used for plant protection.

[0060] After the open-field cabbage enters the maturity period, it can be harvested mechanically. The open-field cabbage combine harvester can be used to harvest in a single row at a time, and the operations of pulling, conveying, root cutting, leaf stripping, and packing the open-field cabbage can be completed at one time. In addition, before the harvesting operation, the above-mentioned open-field cabbage combine harvester needs to be inspected, including: the open-field cabbage harvester is firmly suspended without looseness; the power output is safe and reliable, and the protective device is installed in place; the hydraulic drive components and pipelines are leak-free, and each valve works normally; according to the instructions for use of the machine, the main working parts such as the pulling device, conveying and lifting device, root cutting device, leaf stripping device, and collection device are installed correctly without interference. The row spacing of the harvester header is adapted to the planting row spacing. The mechanical harvesting row spacing: the single row spacing is greater than or equal to 35cm, and the double row spacing is greater than or equal to 55cm. According to the specific agronomic conditions and the growth of open-field cabbage, adjust the working gear and header height of the harvester. During operation, adjust the inclination angle of the harvesting platform frame and the ground to 20-30° through the hydraulic cylinder, so that the pulling shovel in the pulling device is close to the ground and parallel to the ground. Adjust the working speed of the conveying and lifting device so that the harvester ball-clamping conveyor belt can smoothly clamp the open-field cabbage and transport it upward to the root cutting device. Observe whether the double disc cutter is working normally. Under normal working conditions, the cutter can smoothly cut off the roots and part of the outer leaves of the open-field cabbage. Adjust the conveying speed of the conveyor belt. After cutting, the open-field cabbage ball will be rubbed and collided by the leaf stripping roller to peel off the loose outer leaves, completing the mechanized harvest of the open-field cabbage.

[0061] Furthermore, the step of using the preset cultivation equipment to perform field management and mechanical cultivation on the transplanted open-field cabbage to be cultivated comprises:

[0062] Step S31: irrigating and fertilizing the open-field cabbage to be cultivated using the water-fertilizer integration technology.

[0063] Step S32: using a high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer or a plant protection drone to carry out weeding, insect removal and disease prevention treatment on the open-field cabbage to be cultivated.

[0064] In specific implementation, it is recommended to apply water-fertilizer integration technology during the cultivation of open-field cabbage. According to the water and fertilizer requirements of open-field cabbage, timely irrigation and fertilization can be carried out. High-efficiency irrigation technologies and equipment such as drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and ridge irrigation can be used. The tillage machinery should have good inter-row passing performance, no obvious root damage, and a seedling injury rate of less than 3%. During the growth of open-field cabbage, according to the occurrence of local diseases, insect pests and weeds, the pesticides and dosages are selected according to the requirements of plant protection, and high-clearance self-propelled spray boom sprayers or plant protection drones are used for plant protection.

[0065] In order to reasonably utilize the high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer or the plant protection drone to carry out weeding, insect removal and disease prevention treatment on the open-field cabbage to be cultivated, step S32 includes:

[0066] Step S321: Use a high-ground clearance self-propelled boom sprayer to apply pesticides to the cultivated open-field cabbage, wherein the operating temperature of the high-ground clearance self-propelled boom sprayer is 5°C to 30°C, the wind speed for conventional spraying is not more than 3m / s, the wind speed for low-volume spraying and ultra-low-volume spraying is not more than 2m / s, and there is no updraft in ultra-low-volume spraying.

[0067] Step S322: using the plant protection drone to spray the cultivated open-field cabbage according to a preset planned route, wherein the flight operation altitude should be 1 meter away from the cultivated open-field cabbage, and the flight operation speed is 4m / s to 6m / s.

[0068] In specific implementation, when using a high-ground clearance self-propelled boom sprayer, the operator should receive relevant pesticide application technical training and choose to operate in a rainless, low-dew, 5℃ to 30℃ temperature environment; the wind speed for conventional spraying is no more than 3m / s, the wind speed for low-volume spraying and ultra-low-volume spraying is no more than 2m / s, and there is no updraft for ultra-low-volume spraying. The pesticide application process must comply with the provisions of NY 1232 and NY / T 3015, and the use of pesticides must comply with the requirements of GB / T 8321. When the plant protection machinery sprays at the rated working pressure, the droplets are continuous and uniform, the mist shape is complete, the error of the amount of spraying liquid is no more than 10%, and the operation quality complies with the provisions of NY / T 650 and NY / T3213.

[0069] When using drones for plant protection operations, drone operators should obtain relevant qualification certificates, plan flight routes before operations, and not operate in plots without safe landing points around the plots to be operated. Operators must conduct routine inspections of all parts of the plant protection drone before starting the plant protection machine each time, and the engine can only be started after the inspection is completed. During the flight operation, the working height of the drone should be greater than 1m away from the tip of the crop leaf, and the flight level accuracy is required to be at the decimeter level. Plant protection drone operations must maintain straight flight to ensure that there is no missed spraying or repeated spraying; the flight operation speed should be uniform, and generally the flight speed should be maintained at a uniform speed of 4 to 6m / s during operation. Stay away from the crowd during flight operations, and it is forbidden to operate when there are people in the field; it is strictly forbidden to fly in rainy days or in lightning weather. The drone should be more than 10m away from obstacles when flying vertically, and more than 5m away from obstacles when flying parallel, and ensure that the drone is kept within the operator's line of sight. When an emergency occurs in the plant protection machine, the drone should be flown away from the crowd as quickly as possible and landed or forced to land as soon as possible.

[0070] In this embodiment, the seeds of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated are raised in facilities through a vegetable precision seeder assembly line, and a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader is used to mechanically fertilize the land to be planted; the land to be planted is cultivated, and a transplanter is used to transplant the seedlings of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated to the land to be planted; the transplanted open-field cabbage to be cultivated is managed in the field and mechanized cultivated using preset cultivation equipment, and the open-field cabbage that meets the preset harvesting requirements is mechanized harvested. Since this embodiment successively uses a tray seeder, a transplanter, and preset cultivation equipment to raise seedlings, transplant, field management, and mechanized cultivation of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated, compared with the existing cultivation by manual means, the present invention reduces manpower input and improves work efficiency.

[0071] Based on the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, the same or similar contents as those in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 can be referred to the above introduction, and will not be described in detail later. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the mechanized cultivation method of open-field cabbage proposed in the embodiment of the present application. In order to obtain land suitable for planting open-field cabbage, the step of using a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader to mechanically fertilize the land to be planted includes:

[0072] Step S22: obtaining soil fertility and crop rotation conditions of the land to be planted, and applying fertilizer to the land to be planted by using a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader according to the soil fertility and crop rotation conditions.

[0073] It should be understood that the soil fertility can be the nutrient content of the land to be planted, and the crop rotation can be the harvest of the previous crop in the land to be planted. In a specific implementation, it is first necessary to obtain soil samples and historical planting conditions of the land to be planted, and determine the soil fertility and crop rotation conditions according to the soil samples and historical planting conditions, select corresponding fertilizers, and fertilize the land to be planted by using a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader.

[0074] Furthermore, in order to more effectively fertilize the land to be planted, step S22 includes:

[0075] Granular organic fertilizer and decomposed powder fertilizer are applied to the land to be planted by a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader, wherein the operating speed of the tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader is 2.5km / h to 4km / h, the operating width of the granular organic fertilizer is 9m to 16m, and the operating width of the decomposed powder fertilizer is 4m to 8m.

[0076] In the specific implementation, a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader is used for fertilization, and the amount of fertilizer is scientifically set according to the needs of crops. The general operating speed is 2.5km / h to 4km / h, the operating width is 9m to 16m (granular organic fertilizer), 4m to 8m (decomposed powder fertilizer), and the operating efficiency is 2.1h㎡ / h to 4.2h㎡ / h.

[0077] Based on the first embodiment, in the third embodiment, the same or similar contents as those in the first embodiment can be referred to the above description, and will not be described in detail later. Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the second embodiment of the mechanized cultivation method of open-field cabbage proposed in the embodiment of the present application. In order to reasonably cultivate the above-mentioned land to be planted, the step of using a rotary tillage machine to cultivate the land to be planted includes:

[0078] Step S23: using a stubble destroyer and rotary tiller to perform rotary tillage on the land to be planted, and using a laser land leveler to level the land to be planted;

[0079] Step S24: using a stubble-killing rotary tiller to till the land to be planted, wherein the operating speed of the rotary tiller is set according to the soil conditions of the land to be planted, and the operating tillage depth of the rotary tiller is 10 cm to 25 cm.

[0080] It should be understood that the above-mentioned leveling process can be a process that uses a series of agricultural machinery and methods to adjust the land surface to a uniform level or a specific inclination to meet the needs of agricultural production.

[0081] Furthermore, the step of using a rotary tiller to cultivate the land to be planted includes:

[0082] Step S241: using a rotary tiller to till the land to be planted, wherein the operating speed of the rotary tiller is set according to the soil conditions of the land to be planted, and the operating tillage depth of the rotary tiller is 10 cm to 25 cm;

[0083] Before the step of using a ridging machine to dig furrows and ridge the land to be planted, the method further comprises:

[0084] Step S242: planning an operation route according to the shape, size and facility span of the land to be planted.

[0085] Accordingly, the step of using a ridging machine to dig furrows and ridge the land to be planted comprises:

[0086] Step S243: Use the ridging machine to dig furrows and form ridges according to the working route, wherein the ridging soil crushing rate is greater than or equal to 85%, the flatness of the ridge top surface is less than or equal to 2 cm, the flatness of the furrow bottom surface is less than or equal to 5 cm, and the straightness of the ridge body is less than or equal to 10 cm.

[0087] In specific implementation, generally after the previous crop is harvested, it is necessary to use a straw return machine or a reverse rotary tillage stubble remover in a timely manner to return the straw to the field and remove the stubble. When the stubble height of the previous crop or the length of the surface vegetation cover is less than 25 cm, the ploughing method is used to return the straw to the field. When the stubble height of the previous crop or the length of the surface vegetation cover is less than 10 cm, the rotary tillage method is used to return the straw to the field. For large-scale continuous planting, a laser land leveler is used for land preparation. Before transplanting, different machines and methods are selected for tillage according to different regions and varieties of open-field cabbage (for example, soil with good tillage properties should be plowed first with a moldboard plow, and then raked with a spiked harrow or a disc harrow; soil with poor tillage properties can be loosened with a deep loosening machine first, and then rotary tilled with a rotary tiller). Before tilling the land, the cultivated land should be divided into sections according to the topography and soil conditions of the farmland, and the tillage method should be reasonably selected. The tillage depth is generally 10 cm to 25 cm.

[0088] In addition, tillage and land preparation generally require that the field head is neat, the actual tillage width is consistent with the plowing width, the tillage width error is less than or equal to 5cm, and there is no missed tillage or heavy tillage phenomenon (for example: the plowing depth is uniform and consistent; the soil is well covered. The land preparation should be raked finely and leveled, with no debris on the surface, less heavy raking and no missed raking). Before mechanical ridge operation, the reasonable ridge body distribution and operation route should be planned according to the shape and size of the working field and the span of the facilities to reduce empty driving. The straightness of the working ridge body can be improved by marking, placing the ridge body centerline mark or navigation system at the head of the field, and maintaining the consistency of the ridge distance. During the operation, the machine should be driven straight at a uniform speed to avoid stopping and changing speed in the middle. The qualified rate of ridge distance, ridge top width and ridge height of the ridge operation quality is greater than or equal to 80%, and meets the local agronomic requirements. The ridge crushing rate is greater than or equal to 85%, the flatness of the ridge top surface is less than or equal to 2cm, the flatness of the ditch bottom surface is less than or equal to 5cm, and the straightness of the ridge body is less than or equal to 10cm.

[0089] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or system including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or system. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or system including the element.

[0090] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments. Through the description of the above implementation modes, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation mode. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium (such as a read-only memory / random access memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for a terminal device (which can be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized cultivation method for open-field cabbage, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: The seeds of cabbage to be cultivated in the open field are sown in plug trays by a vegetable precision seeder assembly line, and the temperature, water and fertilizer of the seeds after sowing are controlled by seedling raising facilities for seedling raising; The land to be planted is tilled using a rotary tiller, the tilled land is fertilized mechanically using a fertilizer spreader, and the seedlings of the cabbage to be cultivated in the open field are transplanted to the land to be planted after the mechanized fertilization using a transplanter; The transplanted open-field cabbages to be cultivated are subjected to field management and mechanized cultivation by using preset cultivation equipment, and the open-field cabbages that meet preset harvesting requirements are subjected to mechanized harvesting operations.

2. The mechanized cultivation method for outdoor cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of raising seedlings of cabbage to be cultivated in the open field by using the vegetable precision seeder assembly line comprises: The seeds of the cabbage to be cultivated in the open field are placed in the plug tray filled with substrate through the vegetable precision seeder assembly line, covered with vermiculite, watered, and the plug tray is placed on the seedbed, covered with film, and the seedlings are raised in the facility; The seeds of the open-field cabbage to be cultivated are managed during the seeding stage and the seedling stage, wherein the temperature for the seeding stage management is 30° C., the temperature for the seedling stage management is 25° C. in the first preset time period, and the temperature for the second preset time period is 12° C. to 15° C.

3. The mechanized cultivation method for outdoor cabbage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The step of using a fertilizer spreader to mechanized fertilize the cultivated land to be planted comprises: The soil fertility and crop rotation conditions of the land to be planted are obtained, and the land to be planted is fertilized by a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader according to the soil fertility and the crop rotation conditions.

4. The mechanized cultivation method for cabbage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of using a rotary tillage machine to cultivate the land to be planted comprises: The land to be planted is subjected to rotary tillage by a stubble destroyer and a laser land leveler is used to level the land to be planted; The land to be planted is tilled using a stubble-killing rotary tiller, wherein the operating speed of the rotary tiller is set according to the soil conditions of the land to be planted, and the operating tillage depth of the rotary tiller is 10 cm to 25 cm.

5. The mechanized cultivation method for outdoor cabbage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step of applying fertilizer to the land to be planted by using a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader comprises: Granular organic fertilizer and decomposed powder fertilizer are applied to the land to be planted by a tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader, wherein the operating speed of the tractor-mounted fertilizer spreader is 2.5km / h to 4km / h, the operating width of the granular organic fertilizer is 9m to 16m, and the operating width of the decomposed powder fertilizer is 4m to 8m.

6. The mechanized cultivation method for outdoor cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the step of using a ridging machine to dig furrows and ridge the land to be planted, the method further comprises: Planning the operation route according to the shape, size and facility span of the land to be planted; Accordingly, the step of using a ridging machine to dig furrows and ridge the land to be planted comprises: The ridging machine is used to dig furrows and form ridges according to the working route, wherein the ridging soil crushing is greater than or equal to 85%, the ridge top surface flatness is less than or equal to 2 cm, the furrow bottom surface flatness is less than or equal to 5 cm, and the ridge body straightness is less than or equal to 10 cm.

7. The mechanized cultivation method for outdoor cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of using a transplanter to transplant the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted comprises: When the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated have a height of 6 cm to 12 cm, a crown diameter of 3 cm to 6 cm, a root-crown ratio of 0.11 to 0.30, a clump rate of less than 5%, and the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated have 4 to 5 true leaves, a transplanter is used to transplant the cabbage seedlings to be cultivated to the land to be planted.

8. The mechanized cultivation method for outdoor cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of using the preset cultivation equipment to perform field management and mechanized cultivation on the cabbage to be cultivated after transplanting includes: The cabbage to be cultivated is irrigated and fertilized using the water-fertilizer integration technology; A high-ground-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer or a plant protection drone is used to carry out weeding, insect removal and disease prevention treatment on the cabbage to be cultivated.

9. The mechanized cultivation method for cabbage according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of using a high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer or a plant protection drone to weed, deworm and prevent diseases on the cultivated cabbage includes: A high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer is used to apply pesticides to the cultivated cabbage, wherein the operating temperature of the high-clearance self-propelled boom sprayer is 5° C. to 30° C., the wind speed of conventional spraying is not more than 3 m / s, the wind speed of low-volume spraying and ultra-low-volume spraying is not more than 2 m / s, and there is no updraft in ultra-low-volume spraying; The plant protection UAV is used to spray the cultivated cabbage according to a preset planned route, wherein the flight operation height should be 1m away from the cultivated cabbage, and the flight operation speed is 4m / s to 6m / s.

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