High-yield cultivation method suitable for wide-platform and large-ridge soybeans

Abstract

The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method suitable for wide-platform and large-ridge soybeans, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. According to the method, a specific wide-platform and large-ridge soybean planting scheme is adopted, and the technical effects and advantages are remarkable. The soybean planted by the method has excellent growth indexes such as plant height, stem diameter and leaf number in each growth stage, has obvious advantages of yield constitution factors such as pod number per plant, grain number per pod and hundred-grain weight, finally realizes great increase of the yield, increases the protein content, remarkably improves the soybean quality, and has good economic and popularization values.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean with wide platforms and large ridges. Background Art

[0002] As an important food and oil crop in the world, the yield and quality of soybeans are crucial to ensuring food security and meeting industrial needs. In the field of soybean cultivation, the continuous exploration of efficient cultivation technology has always been a research focus.

[0003] Traditional soybean planting methods, such as narrow ridge planting, have exposed many limitations in long-term practice. Under narrow ridge planting, the spacing between plants is relatively small, resulting in poor ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field. This not only affects the photosynthesis efficiency of soybean leaves and restricts the growth and development of plants, but also makes the field humidity relatively high, creating a favorable environment for the breeding and spread of pests and diseases, and increasing the difficulty and cost of pest and disease prevention and control. With the advancement of agricultural modernization, the requirements for soybean yield and quality are increasing. Consumer demand for high-quality soybeans is growing, and traditional planting techniques are difficult to meet this market demand. Moreover, excessive reliance on the use of fertilizers and pesticides in pursuit of yield not only increases production costs, but also damages the soil ecological environment, leading to problems such as decreased soil fertility and soil compaction, further affecting the sustainable production of soybeans.

[0004] In this context, wide-platform large-ridge planting technology has gradually attracted attention. Wide-platform large-ridge planting can expand the distance between plants, significantly improve field ventilation and light conditions, which is beneficial to the photosynthesis and respiration of soybean plants and promotes the healthy growth of plants. However, the existing wide-platform large-ridge planting technology still has some shortcomings in its specific implementation. For example, the seed treatment method is not scientific enough and fails to fully tap the potential of seeds; the fertilization plan lacks precision and cannot accurately supply nutrients according to the needs of soybeans at different growth stages, resulting in low fertilizer utilization; field management measures are not perfect, and the comprehensive prevention and control capabilities of pests and diseases need to be strengthened.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a more complete soybean wide-bed and large-ridge planting plan to solve the problems existing in the existing technology, improve the yield and quality of soybeans, and achieve the sustainable development of soybean planting. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge, which can effectively improve the quality and yield of crops.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge, comprising the following steps: Site selection and preparation, seed coating, sowing, fertilization, field management and harvesting; The field management includes checking and supplementing seedlings, cultivating and weeding, and controlling pests and diseases; The seed coating agent used in the seed coating treatment contains methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid.

[0008] Preferably, during the land preparation, after autumn harvest, the residues of the previous crop are crushed into a length of 4 to 10 cm and evenly spread on the ground surface.

[0009] Preferably, during the land preparation, the deep plowing depth is 22 to 32 cm, and the drying time after deep plowing is 5 to 12 days; the rotary tillage depth is 12 to 22 cm, and the specifications of ridge formation after land preparation are 120 to 140 cm wide ridges and 18 to 26 cm high.

[0010] Preferably, the raw materials of the seed coating agent include the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of methyl thiophanate, 12-18 parts of imidacloprid, 8-12 parts of alginic acid, 4-6 parts of xanthan gum, 6-10 parts of film-forming agent, 4-6 parts of trace elements and 180-220 parts of water.

[0011] Preferably, in the seed coating treatment, the ratio of seeds to seed coating agent is 100:6-8.

[0012] Preferably, the sowing depth is 3.5-4.5 cm, the planting density is 110 or 130 cm large ridges, 3-4 rows are planted on the ridges, 270,000 to 380,000 seedlings are protected per hectare, and the row spacing is 18-22 cm for narrow rows and 35-45 cm for wide rows.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilization includes: applying 1300-1700 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu as base fertilizer, and applying 12-16 kg of diammonium phosphate and 4-6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu as base fertilizer at the same time, adopting layered fertilization, the fertilization depth is 3-11 cm below planting, and the layered fertilization ratio can be 3 / 5 and 2 / 5, 1 / 2 and 1 / 2, 2 / 3 and 1 / 3 and other combinations; topdressing is applied during the initial flowering period of soybeans.

[0014] Preferably, the intertillage and weeding comprises 2 to 4 intertillage during the growth period of soybean; the first intertillage is performed when the soybean cotyledons are unfolded and the opposite single leaves appear, with a depth of 12 to 22 cm; the second intertillage is performed when the seedling height is 10 to 15 cm, with a depth of 8 to 16 cm; the third intertillage is performed before the soybean ridges are closed, with a depth of 4 to 10 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the high-yield cultivation method further comprises chemical weeding: after sowing and before seedling of soybeans, 180-220 ml of 90% acetochlor plus 40-60 g of 70% metribuzin are added per mu, and the mixture is diluted with 25-45 kg of water for soil sealing treatment; When chemical weeding is used, when the weeds are in the 2-4 leaf stage after seedlings, use 25-45 ml of 10.8% high-efficiency grass cover energy and 80-160 ml of 48% bentazon per mu, add 25-45 kg of water and spray on the stems and leaves.

[0016] Preferably, the pest control includes one or more of the following: Root rot can be prevented by seed coating and soil treatment. In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 400-600 times diluted should be used for root irrigation. In the early stage of gray spot disease, use 80-120g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder per mu, add 30-40kg of water and spray; In the early stage of downy mildew, use 70-90g of 72% Gluweed WP per mu, add 30kg of water and spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row. Aphid control: When the aphid plant rate in the field reaches 40% to 60% and the aphid count per 100 plants reaches 1,200 to 1,800, use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 12 to 18 grams per mu and spray it with 30 kilograms of water; For soybean borer control, during the peak period of adult emergence, use 80-120 ml of 80% dichlorvos EC per mu to make poison sticks, and insert one stick every 4-5 ridges and every 5 meters for fumigation. To control white grubs, mix seeds with 50% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 0.15%-0.25% of the seed amount before sowing. When larvae are found in the field, irrigate the roots with 1000 times diluted 50% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate.

[0017] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The present invention adopts a specific soybean wide platform and large ridge planting scheme, which is remarkable in technical effects and advantages. Through a unique land selection and land preparation method, a good soil environment is created for soybean growth to ensure root development. The seed treatment link makes a homemade seed coating agent, which is highly targeted, effectively prevents diseases and insect pests, and promotes seed germination and seedling growth. The wide platform and large ridge are combined with precise sowing parameter settings to optimize the spatial distribution of plants and improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. The fertilization scheme is scientific and reasonable to meet the nutritional needs of soybeans at various growth stages. The field management measures are comprehensive to ensure the healthy growth of the plants. The soybeans planted by the present invention have excellent growth indicators such as plant height, stem thickness, and number of leaves at various growth stages, and the yield components such as the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod, and the weight of 100 grains have obvious advantages, and ultimately the yield is greatly increased. At the same time, the protein content is increased, which significantly improves the quality of soybeans and has good economic and promotion value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The planting scheme provided by the present invention includes site selection and preparation, seed treatment, sowing, fertilization, field management, harvesting and other links, and is particularly suitable for the soybean wide platform and large ridge planting mode: In the present invention, the plowing depth reaches 25-30 cm, breaking the plow bottom layer, creating conditions for the soybean root system on the wide platform ridge to fully stretch in the thicker tillage layer, so that the plant can take root firmly and better adapt to the large ridge environment. A 130 cm wide platform ridge is built, the ridge height is 20-25 cm and the ridge top is slightly arched, which is conducive to the reasonable arrangement of the number of planting rows on the large ridge, and at the same time effectively drains water to avoid water accumulation due to the large ridge area affecting the growth of soybeans.

[0019] In the present invention, a specific seed coating agent is used to treat soybeans in a wide platform and large ridge mode, so that the soybeans can fully develop their variety potential with the help of the ventilation and light conditions improved by the large ridges. The seed coating agent contains multiple ingredients, which can effectively prevent and control diseases and insect pests that may be aggravated by the relatively dense plants in the large ridge environment, promote seed germination and seedling growth, and ensure that the basic number of seedlings planted in the large ridge is uniform and the seedlings are strong.

[0020] In the present invention, according to the width of the wide platform large ridge of 130 cm, 4 rows and a specific row spacing configuration are determined for planting on the ridge, with narrow rows of 20 cm and wide rows of 40 cm, which not only ensures the planting density per unit area, but also uses wide and narrow rows to improve ventilation and light transmission, which conforms to the characteristics of large ridge planting. The precision seeder ensures the sowing quality, meets the requirements of large ridge planting for uniform seed distribution, and is conducive to the balanced growth of plants on the large ridge.

[0021] In the present invention, wide platform and large ridge planting changes the soil nutrient distribution and consumption characteristics, and a large amount of farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer are applied in layers as base fertilizer, providing long-term and quick-acting nutrients for more plants on the large ridges during the entire growth period. Topdressing is based on the growth stage of soybeans and the needs of the large ridge planting group, and nitrogen fertilizers and foliar spraying of phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and trace elements are added in time to meet the nutrient needs of soybean high yield under the large ridge environment.

[0022] In the present invention, intertillage and weeding are carried out multiple times on the large ridges, which can effectively control the growth of weeds, loosen the soil, and promote root growth. Chemical weeding combines the characteristics of the large ridge area, adopts appropriate agents and dosages for closed treatment and stem and leaf spraying, and improves the efficiency of weeding. Pest control measures are aimed at the characteristics of the gathering and spread of pests and diseases that may be caused by large ridge planting. Seed coating is used for prevention, and precise medication is used when pests and diseases occur, which effectively controls the spread of pests and diseases and ensures the healthy growth of soybean plants on the large ridges. Checking and supplementing seedlings ensures that the planting density of large ridges is complete, and the potential for increasing production of wide platform large ridges is brought into play.

[0023] In line with the requirements for large ridge harvesting, the harvest period is determined according to the growth and maturity characteristics of soybeans on wide ridges. The parameters for manual harvesting, low stubble cutting and mechanical harvesting are adjusted. The characteristics of large ridge planting row spacing and plant distribution are taken into account to reduce harvest losses and ensure the yield and quality of soybeans under the wide ridge planting mode.

[0024] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 1. Site selection and land preparation Site selection: Choose a plot with flat terrain, deep tillage layer, high fertility, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and good drainage. It is best to plant non-leguminous crops such as corn and wheat as the previous crop, and avoid repeated and successive crops.

[0026] Land preparation: After the autumn harvest, use a stubble destroyer to crush the previous crop residues to 5-8 cm in length and spread them evenly on the surface. Then deep plowing is carried out to a depth of 25-30 cm to break the bottom layer of the plow and enhance the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. After deep plowing, the soil is dried in the sun for 7-10 days to promote soil maturation. Then rotary tillage is carried out to a depth of 15-20 cm to make the soil fine. Finally, a 130 cm wide ridge is built with a height of 20-25 cm and a slightly arched top to facilitate drainage.

[0027] 2. Seed treatment Variety selection: Choose the soybean variety "Kennong 34" which has strong adaptability, high yield, high quality and good resistance to adversity.

[0028] Seed coating preparation and seed coating: Preparation of seed coating agent: prepare 20g of methyl thiophanate, 15g of imidacloprid, 10g of alginate, 5g of xanthan gum, 8g of film-forming agent (polyvinyl alcohol), 5g of trace elements (boron, zinc, molybdenum, etc. mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1), and 200g of water. First, pour methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid into water and stir to dissolve to form a uniform solution. Then add alginate and xanthan gum in turn, continue stirring until completely dissolved, so that the solution has an appropriate viscosity. Then add the film-forming agent and stir thoroughly. Finally, add the trace elements and stir for 10 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion to prepare the seed coating agent.

[0029] Seed coating: Place the selected seeds in a clean container and slowly pour the seed coating agent into the seeds at a ratio of 100:7, stirring while pouring to ensure that each seed is evenly coated with the seed coating agent. After coating, place the seeds in a ventilated place to dry, avoiding exposure to the sun.

[0030] 3. Sowing Sowing time: Sowing when the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm reaches 7-8°C (late April) Sowing method: Use precision seeder to sow on ridges, ensuring that the sowing depth is consistent at 4 cm. When sowing, the seeds should be placed evenly without broken stalks or missed seeds.

[0031] Planting density: 130 cm large ridges, 4 rows planted on the ridges, 300,000 seedlings per hectare, row spacing configured as 20 cm for narrow rows and 40 cm for wide rows, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission.

[0032] 4. Fertilization plan Base fertilizer: Combined with land preparation, 1,500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure is applied per mu, and it is ploughed deep into the soil after spreading. At the same time, 14 kg of diammonium phosphate and 5 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, and fertilization is carried out in layers, with 2 / 3 of the fertilizer applied 8-10 cm below the seeds and 1 / 3 applied 4-5 cm below the seeds.

[0033] Topdressing: At the initial flowering stage of soybeans, 5 kg of urea is applied per mu, using furrow application or hole application, and soil is covered in time after fertilization. At the same time, foliar topdressing is carried out in combination with pest and disease control, using 50 kg of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per mu for foliar spraying, spraying once every 10 days, and spraying twice in a row.

[0034] 5. Field Management Check and replant the soybeans: Check the soybeans in time after they emerge. If you find any missing seedlings or broken ridges, replant or transplant them immediately. When replanting, water the missing seedlings first, then sow them. Transplant on rainy days or in the evening, transplant with soil and water them in time.

[0035] Intertillage and weeding: 3-4 intertillages are carried out during the growth period of soybeans. The first time is when the soybean cotyledons unfold and the opposite single leaves appear, the depth is 15-20 cm, to break the soil compaction and increase the ground temperature; the second time is when the seedling height is 10-15 cm, the depth is 10-15 cm; the third time is before the soybean ridge is closed, the depth is 5-10 cm, and combined with soil cultivation to prevent lodging. Chemical weeding is combined with manual weeding. After soybean sowing and before seedlings, 200 ml of 90% acetochlor plus 50 grams of 70% metribuzin are used per mu, and 30-40 kg of water are added to seal the soil; after seedlings, when weeds are in the 2-4 leaf stage, 30-40 ml of 10.8% high-efficiency grass cover energy plus 100-150 ml of 48% bentazon are used per mu, and 30 kg of water are added to spray the stems and leaves.

[0036] Pest and disease control: Disease prevention and control: Root rot can be prevented through seed coating and soil treatment. In the early stage of the disease, 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used for root irrigation; in the early stage of gray spot disease, 100 grams of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder can be used per mu, and 30 kilograms of water can be added for spraying; in the early stage of downy mildew disease, 80 grams of 72% chlorpyrifos wettable powder can be used per mu, and 30 kilograms of water can be added for spraying. Spray once every 7 days for 2-3 times in a row.

[0037] Pest control: For aphid control, when the aphid rate in the field reaches 50% and the aphid count per 100 plants reaches 1,500, use 15 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu and spray it with 30 kg of water; for soybean borer control, during the peak period of adult emergence, use 100 ml of 80% DDT emulsifiable concentrate per mu to make poison sticks, and insert one stick every 4-5 ridges and every 5 meters for fumigation; for grub control, mix seeds with 50% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at 0.2% of the seed amount before sowing. When larvae are found in the field, irrigate the roots with 1,000 times diluted 50% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate.

[0038] 6. Harvest Harvest time: Manual harvesting is carried out when most of the soybean leaves have fallen off, the stems have turned yellow, the pods have become dry and brown, and there is a sound when the pods are shaken by hand; mechanical combine harvesting is carried out when the moisture content of the soybean grains drops below 18%.

[0039] Harvesting method: For manual harvesting, the stubble should be cut low, leaving a stubble height of 5-10 cm. After harvesting, the soybeans should be dried and threshed in time. After threshing, the soybeans should be cleaned and the moisture content should be reduced to below 13% before being bagged and stored. For mechanical combined harvesting, adjust the harvester parameters to reduce falling and broken grains.

[0040] Example 2 1. Site selection and land preparation Site selection: Choose a plot with relatively flat terrain, thick tillage layer, medium fertility, good water and fertilizer retention capacity and smooth drainage. It is advisable to plant non-leguminous crops such as sorghum as the previous crop to avoid repeated and successive crops.

[0041] Land preparation: After the autumn harvest, use a stubble destroyer to crush the previous crop residues to a length of 4-6 cm and spread them evenly on the surface. Then deep plowing is carried out to a depth of 22-26 cm to break the bottom layer of the plow and enhance the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. After deep plowing, the soil is aired for 5-8 days to promote soil maturation. Finally, a 110 cm wide ridge is built with a height of 18-22 cm and a slightly arched top to facilitate drainage.

[0042] 2. Seed treatment Variety selection: Choose the soybean variety "Heinong 51" which has strong adaptability, high yield, high quality, resistance to lodging and good resistance to diseases and insects.

[0043] Seed coating preparation and seed coating: Preparation of seed coating agent: prepare 15g of methyl thiophanate, 12g of imidacloprid, 8g of alginate, 4g of xanthan gum, 6g of film-forming agent (polyvinyl alcohol), 4g of trace elements (boron, zinc, molybdenum, etc. are mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1), and 180g of water. First, pour methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid into water and stir to dissolve to form a uniform solution. Then add alginate and xanthan gum in turn, continue stirring until completely dissolved, so that the solution has an appropriate viscosity. Then add the film-forming agent and stir thoroughly. Finally, add the trace elements and stir for 8 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion to prepare the seed coating agent.

[0044] Seed coating: Place the selected seeds in a clean container, and slowly pour the seed coating agent into the seeds at a ratio of 100:6, stirring while pouring to ensure that each seed is evenly coated with the seed coating agent. After coating, place the seeds in a ventilated place to dry, avoiding exposure to the sun.

[0045] 3. Sowing Sowing time: Sow when the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm reaches 6-7°C (mid to late April) Sowing method: Use precision seeder to sow on ridges, ensuring that the sowing depth is consistent at 3.5 cm. When sowing, the seeds should be placed evenly without broken stalks or missed seeds.

[0046] Planting density: 110 cm large ridges, 3 rows planted on the ridges, 280,000 seedlings per hectare; the row spacing is configured as 18 cm for narrow rows and 35 cm for wide rows, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission.

[0047] 4. Fertilization plan Base fertilizer: Combined with land preparation, 1,300 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure was applied per mu, and it was ploughed deep into the soil after spreading. At the same time, 12 kg of diammonium phosphate and 4 kg of potassium sulfate were applied per mu, and 3 / 5 of the fertilizer was applied 7-9 cm below the seed, and 2 / 5 was applied 3-4 cm below the seed.

[0048] Topdressing: At the initial flowering stage of soybeans, 4 kg of urea is applied per mu, using furrow or hole application, and soil is covered in time after fertilization. At the same time, foliar topdressing is carried out in combination with pest and disease control, with 40 kg of 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per mu sprayed on the leaves, once every 12 days, for 3 times in a row.

[0049] 5. Field Management Check and replant the soybeans: Check the soybeans in time after they emerge. If you find any missing seedlings or broken ridges, replant or transplant them immediately. When replanting, water the missing seedlings first, then sow them. Transplant on a cloudy day or in the evening, transplant with soil and water them in time.

[0050] Intertillage and weeding: 2-3 intertillages are carried out during the growth period of soybeans. The first time is when the soybean cotyledons unfold and the opposite single leaves appear, the depth is 12-18 cm, to break the soil compaction and increase the ground temperature; the second time is when the seedling height is 8-12 cm, the depth is 8-12 cm; the third time is before the soybean ridge is closed, the depth is 4-8 cm, and combined with soil cultivation to prevent lodging. Chemical weeding is combined with manual weeding. After soybean sowing and before seedlings, 180 ml of 90% acetochlor plus 40 grams of 70% metribuzin are used per mu, and 25-35 kg of water are added for soil sealing treatment; after seedlings, when weeds are in the 2-4 leaf stage, 25-35 ml of 10.8% high-efficiency grass cover energy plus 80-120 ml of 48% bentazon are used per mu, and 25 kg of water are added for stem and leaf spraying.

[0051] Pest and disease control: Disease prevention and control: Root rot can be prevented through seed coating and soil treatment. In the early stage of the disease, 400 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be used for root irrigation; in the early stage of gray spot disease, 80 grams of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder can be used per mu, and it can be diluted with 25 kg of water for spraying; in the early stage of downy mildew disease, 70 grams of 72% chlorpyrifos wettable powder can be used per mu, and it can be diluted with 25 kg of water for spraying. Spray once every 8 days for 2-3 times in a row.

[0052] Pest control: For aphid control, when the aphid rate in the field reaches 40% and the aphid count per 100 plants reaches 1,200, use 12 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu and spray it with 25 kg of water; for soybean borer control, during the peak period of adult emergence, use 80 ml of 80% DDT emulsifiable concentrate per mu to make poison sticks, and insert one stick every 3-4 ridges and every 4 meters for fumigation; for grub control, mix seeds with 50% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate at 0.15% of the seed amount before sowing. When larvae are found in the field, irrigate the roots with 800 times diluted 50% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate.

[0053] 6. Harvest Harvesting period: Manual harvesting is carried out when most of the soybean leaves have fallen off, the stems have turned yellow, the pods have become dry and brown, and there is a sound when the pods are shaken by hand; mechanical combine harvesting is carried out when the moisture content of the soybean grains drops below 16%.

[0054] Harvesting method: For manual harvesting, the stubble should be cut low, with a stubble height of 4-8 cm. After harvesting, the soybeans should be dried and threshed in time. After threshing, they should be cleaned and the moisture content of the soybeans should be reduced to below 12% before being bagged and stored. For mechanical combined harvesting, adjust the harvester parameters to reduce falling and broken grains.

[0055] Example 3 1. Site selection and land preparation Site selection: Choose a plot with relatively flat terrain, deep tillage layer, high fertility, strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and good drainage. It is best to plant non-leguminous crops such as wheat as the previous crop to avoid repeated and successive crops.

[0056] Land preparation: After the autumn harvest, use a stubble destroyer to crush the previous crop residues to a length of 6-9 cm and spread them evenly on the surface. Then deep plowing is carried out to a depth of 26-32 cm to break the bottom layer of the plow and enhance the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. After deep plowing, the soil is dried in the sun for 8-12 days to promote soil maturation. Then rotary tillage is carried out to a depth of 16-22 cm to make the soil fine. Finally, a 130 cm wide ridge is built with a height of 22-26 cm and a slightly arched top to facilitate drainage.

[0057] 2. Seed treatment Variety selection: Choose the soybean variety "Hefeng 55" which has strong adaptability, high yield, high quality, resistance to lodging and good resistance to diseases and insects.

[0058] Seed coating preparation and seed coating: Preparation of seed coating agent: prepare 25g of methyl thiophanate, 18g of imidacloprid, 12g of alginate, 6g of xanthan gum, 10g of film-forming agent (polyvinyl alcohol), 6g of trace elements (boron, zinc, molybdenum, etc. mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1), and 220g of water. First, pour methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid into water and stir to dissolve to form a uniform solution. Then add alginate and xanthan gum in turn, stirring continuously until completely dissolved, so that the solution has an appropriate viscosity. Then add the film-forming agent and stir thoroughly. Finally, add the trace elements and stir for 12 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion to prepare the seed coating agent.

[0059] Seed coating: Place the selected seeds in a clean container, and slowly pour the seed coating agent into the seeds at a ratio of 100:8, stirring while pouring to ensure that each seed is evenly coated with the seed coating agent. After coating, place the seeds in a ventilated place to dry, avoiding exposure to the sun.

[0060] 3. Sowing Sowing time: Sowing when the ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm in the soil is stable above 7°C (late April) Sowing method: Use precision seeder to sow on ridges, ensuring that the sowing depth is consistent at 4.5 cm. When sowing, the seeds should be placed evenly without broken stalks or missed seeds.

[0061] Planting density: 140 cm large ridges, 5 rows planted on the ridges, 320,000 seedlings per hectare; the row spacing is 22 cm for narrow rows and 45 cm for wide rows, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission.

[0062] 4. Fertilization plan Base fertilizer: Combined with land preparation, 1,700 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure was applied per mu, and it was ploughed deep into the soil after spreading. At the same time, 16 kg of diammonium phosphate and 6 kg of potassium sulfate were applied per mu, and fertilization was carried out in layers, with 1 / 2 of the fertilizer applied 9-11 cm below the seeds and 1 / 2 applied 5-6 cm below the seeds.

[0063] Topdressing: At the initial flowering stage of soybeans, 6 kg of urea is applied per mu, using furrow or hole application, and soil is covered in time after fertilization. At the same time, foliar topdressing is carried out in combination with pest and disease control, with 60 kg of 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution per mu sprayed on the leaves, once every 8 days, for 3 times in a row.

[0064] 5. Field Management Check and replant the soybeans: Check the soybeans in time after they emerge. If you find any missing seedlings or broken ridges, replant or transplant them immediately. When replanting, water the missing seedlings first, then sow them. Transplant on rainy days or in the evening, transplant with soil and water them in time.

[0065] Intertillage and weeding: 3-4 intertillages are carried out during the growth period of soybeans. The first time is when the soybean cotyledons unfold and the opposite single leaves appear, the depth is 16-22 cm, to break the soil compaction and increase the ground temperature; the second time is when the seedling height is 12-16 cm, the depth is 12-16 cm; the third time is before the soybean ridge is closed, the depth is 6-10 cm, and combined with soil cultivation to prevent lodging. Chemical weeding is combined with manual weeding. After soybean sowing and before seedlings, 220 ml of 90% acetochlor plus 60 grams of 70% metribuzin are used per mu, and 35-45 kg of water are added for soil sealing treatment; after seedlings, when weeds are in the 2-4 leaf stage, 35-45 ml of 10.8% high-efficiency grass cover energy plus 120-160 ml of 48% bentazon are used per mu, and 35 kg of water are added for stem and leaf spraying.

[0066] Pest and disease control: Disease prevention and control: Root rot can be prevented through seed coating and soil treatment. In the early stage of the disease, use 600 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder to irrigate the roots; in the early stage of gray spot, use 120 grams of 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder per mu, add 35 kilograms of water and spray; in the early stage of downy mildew, use 90 grams of 72% chlorpyrifos wettable powder per mu, add 35 kilograms of water and spray, spray once every 6 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row.

[0067] Pest control: For aphid control, when the aphid rate in the field reaches 60% and the aphid count per 100 plants reaches 1,800, use 18 grams of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder per mu and spray it with 35 kg of water; for soybean borer control, during the peak period of adult emergence, use 120 ml of 80% DDT emulsifiable concentrate per mu to make poison sticks, and insert one stick every 5-6 ridges and every 6 meters for fumigation; for grub control, mix seeds with 50% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 0.25% of the seed amount before sowing. When larvae are found in the field, irrigate the roots with 1,200 times diluted 50% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate.

[0068] 6. Harvest Harvest time: Manual harvesting is carried out when most of the soybean leaves have fallen off, the stems have turned yellow, the pods have become dry and brown, and there is a sound when the pods are shaken by hand; mechanical combine harvesting is carried out when the moisture content of the soybean grains drops below 20%.

[0069] Harvesting method: For manual harvesting, the stubble should be cut low, with a stubble height of 6-12 cm. After harvesting, the soybeans should be dried and threshed in time. After threshing, they should be cleaned and the moisture content of soybeans should be reduced to below 14% before being bagged and stored. For mechanical combined harvesting, adjust the harvester parameters to reduce falling and broken grains.

[0070] Experimental example Based on the planting scheme provided in Example 1, a field experiment was carried out: Experimental group: The planting scheme provided in Example 1 was adopted.

[0071] Control group 1: The same wide-bed and large-ridge planting method as the experimental group was adopted, but the seeds were coated with a common general-purpose seed coating agent on the market (Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Co., Ltd.: Liangdunjing A·Fludioxonil Suspension Seed Coating Agent). Other conditions such as planting, fertilization and field management were the same as those of the experimental group.

[0072] Control group 2: The narrow ridge planting method (ridge width 60 cm, ridge height 15-18 cm) was adopted, and other conditions such as planting, fertilization and field management were the same as those of the experimental group.

[0073] Each group was repeated three times and arranged in random blocks, with each plot having an area of ​​50 square meters.

[0074] Data collection: Growth indicators Plant height: At the seedling, branching, flowering, pod-setting, and grain-filling stages of soybeans, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected in each plot, and the plant height data of each plant was recorded using a tape measure from the cotyledon node to the top growth point of the plant. After each measurement, the average plant height of the 10 soybean plants was calculated as the plant height data of the plot at the corresponding period.

[0075] Stem diameter: During the branching and pod-setting stages, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected in each plot, and the stem diameter was measured with a vernier caliper at 10 cm above the cotyledon node, with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. After each measurement, the average stem diameter of the 10 soybean plants was calculated as the stem diameter data of the plot at the corresponding period.

[0076] Number of leaves: At the seedling stage, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected in each plot, and the number of unfolded true leaves of each plant was directly counted. The average number of leaves of the 10 soybean plants was calculated as the leaf number data of the plot at the seedling stage.

[0077] Production composition factors Number of pods per plant: During the pod-setting period, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected from each plot, and the number of pods on each plant was carefully counted. The average number of pods per plant of the 10 soybean plants was calculated as the data of the number of pods per plant in the plot. During the harvest period, 50 soybean plants were randomly selected from each plot, the number of pods per plant was counted, and the average value was calculated. The data was verified and supplemented with the previous data to finally determine the data of the number of pods per plant.

[0078] Number of grains per pod: After the soybeans mature, 100 pods are randomly selected from the pods of 50 soybean plants selected at the time of harvest in each plot, and the number of grains in each pod is counted respectively. The average number of grains per pod of these 100 pods is calculated as the data of the number of grains per pod for the plot.

[0079] 100-grain weight: Starting from the grain filling stage, measure every 3-5 days until the soybean matures. Randomly select 100 soybean seeds in each plot (repeat 3 times) and use an electronic balance to measure the fresh weight. Then dry the seeds in an oven to a constant weight (generally set at 80°C until the weight no longer changes), and measure the dry weight. Calculate the 100-grain weight (dry weight) of each measurement and find the average. The final experimental data selects the 100-grain weight data at maturity to reflect the fullness and quality of the soybean grains.

[0080] Yield: After soybeans mature, each plot is harvested separately by hand to avoid mixing. After harvesting, they are naturally dried in the field until the moisture content is less than 13%, and then threshed with a thresher. The actual yield is recorded using an electronic scale and converted to kilograms per mu as the yield data for the plot.

[0081] Quality indicators Protein content: Determined by Kjeldahl method. After crushing the soybean samples harvested from each plot, weigh a certain mass of sample, and calculate the nitrogen content in the sample through concentrated sulfuric acid digestion, alkaline distillation, boric acid absorption, hydrochloric acid titration and other steps, and then calculate the protein content based on the protein conversion coefficient (generally 6.25).

[0082] The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Soybean planting results

[0083] As can be seen from the above embodiments, in summary, this field experiment conducted a comparative study on the growth, yield and quality indicators of soybean under different planting conditions by setting up an experimental group, a control group 1 and a control group 2. The results clearly show that the planting scheme of Example 1 has significant advantages. In terms of growth characteristics, the plant height of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group from the seedling stage to the grain filling stage. This shows that the planting scheme of Example 1 has created a suitable and sustainable and stable environment for soybean growth, and has effectively promoted the longitudinal growth of the plant. At the same time, in the branching stage and the pod-setting stage, the stem thickness of the experimental group was outstanding, which not only enhanced the plant's ability to support the weight of the pods in the later stage, but also facilitated the efficient transportation of nutrients in the plant. In addition, the experimental group had a large number of leaves in the seedling stage, which means that its photosynthesis efficiency is higher, which can provide sufficient energy and material basis for plant growth and development, thereby laying a solid foundation for the subsequent improvement of yield and quality. In terms of yield components, the planting scheme of Example 1 is effective. The number of pods per plant in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group, indicating that the scheme can effectively encourage the plant to use more nutrients for the formation of pods during the process of nutrient accumulation and distribution, creating favorable conditions for increasing yield. In terms of the number of grains per pod, although the difference between the experimental group and the control group was relatively small, the experimental group still maintained a higher level. In terms of the 100-grain weight index, the experimental group had a significant advantage, indicating that the scheme helps the soybean grains to be fully filled during the grain filling period, thereby increasing the weight of a single grain and thus increasing the overall yield. In the end, the yield of the experimental group was significantly ahead of that of the control group, which fully proves that the synergistic effect of the various measures in the planting scheme of Example 1 can effectively increase soybean yield. In terms of quality characteristics, the protein content of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. This shows that the planting scheme of Example 1 has a positive promoting effect on the synthesis and accumulation of soybean nutrients, which not only improves the nutritional value of soybeans, but also enhances their economic value. On the whole, the planting scheme of Example 1 shows comprehensive and significant superiority over the control groups 1 and 2 in promoting soybean growth, increasing yield and improving quality, and has a high value for promotion and application, and is expected to bring more considerable economic and social benefits to the soybean planting industry.

[0084] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Site selection and preparation, seed coating, sowing, fertilization, field management and harvesting; The field management includes checking and supplementing seedlings, cultivating and weeding, and controlling pests and diseases; The seed coating agent used in the seed coating treatment contains methyl thiophanate and imidacloprid.

2. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the land preparation, after autumn harvest, the residues of the previous crop are crushed into 4-10 cm length and evenly spread on the ground surface.

3. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the land preparation, the deep plowing depth is 22-32 cm, and the air-drying time after deep plowing is 5-12 days; the rotary tillage depth is 12-22 cm, and the specification of ridge formation after land preparation is 110 or 130 cm wide ridges, and the ridge height is 18-25 cm.

4. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials of the seed coating agent include the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of methyl thiophanate, 12-18 parts of imidacloprid, 8-12 parts of alginic acid, 4-6 parts of xanthan gum, 6-10 parts of film-forming agent, 4-6 parts of trace elements and 180-220 parts of water.

5. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the seed coating treatment, the ratio of seeds to seed coating agent is 100:6-8.

6. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the planting density is 110 or 130 cm large ridges, 2-4 rows are planted on the ridges, 270,000 to 380,000 seedlings are protected per hectare, and the row spacing is 18-22 cm for narrow rows and 35-45 cm for wide rows.

7. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization includes: applying 1300-1700 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu as base fertilizer, and applying 12-16 kg of diammonium phosphate and 4-6 kg of potassium sulfate per mu as base fertilizer at the same time, adopting layered fertilization, the fertilization depth is 3-11 cm below planting, and the layered fertilization ratio can be 3 / 5 and 2 / 5, 1 / 2 and 1 / 2, 2 / 3 and 1 / 3 and other combinations; topdressing is applied during the initial flowering period of soybeans.

8. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intertillage and weeding includes 2 to 4 intertillage during the soybean growth period; the first intertillage is when the soybean cotyledons are unfolded and opposite single leaves appear, with a depth of 12 to 22 cm; the second intertillage is when the seedlings are 10 to 15 cm high, with a depth of 8 to 16 cm; the third intertillage is before the soybean ridges are closed, with a depth of 4 to 10 cm.

9. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-yield cultivation method also includes chemical weeding: after soybean sowing and before seedlings, 180-220 ml of 90% acetochlor plus 40-60 g of 70% metribuzin are added per mu, and the mixture is diluted with 25-45 kg of water for soil sealing treatment; When chemical weeding is used, when the weeds are in the 2-4 leaf stage after seedlings, use 25-45 ml of 10.8% high-efficiency grass cover energy and 80-160 ml of 48% bentazon per mu, add 25-45 kg of water and spray on the stems and leaves.

10. The high-yield cultivation method suitable for soybean wide ridges according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest control includes one or more of the following: Root rot can be prevented by seed coating and soil treatment. In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 400-600 times diluted should be used for root irrigation. In the early stage of gray spot disease, use 80-120g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder per mu, add 30-40kg of water and spray; In the early stage of downy mildew, use 70-90g of 72% Gluweed WP per mu, add 30kg of water and spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row. Aphid control: When the aphid plant rate in the field reaches 40% to 60% and the aphid count per 100 plants reaches 1,200 to 1,800, use 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 12 to 18 grams per mu and spray it with 30 kilograms of water; For soybean borer control, during the peak period of adult emergence, use 80-120 ml of 80% dichlorvos EC per mu to make poison sticks, and insert one stick every 4-5 ridges and every 5 meters for fumigation. To control white grubs, mix seeds with 50% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 0.15%-0.25% of the seed amount before sowing. When larvae are found in the field, irrigate the roots with 1000 times diluted 50% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate.

Images