Method for promoting development of swallowing gland of bumblebee

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting development of swallowing glands of bumblebees, the method is characterized in that the mass ratio of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid in bumblebee feed is adjusted to be (1-5): 1, and the development of the swallowing glands of the bumblebees is promoted, the method is simple and easy to implement, and by adjusting the ratio of the linoleic acid to the alpha-linolenic acid in the bumblebee feed, the development of the swallowing glands of the bumblebees is promoted. According to the method, normal development of the giant bumblebees is guaranteed, diet preference of the giant bumblebees is met, nutrient fluctuation of natural pollen is made up, development of swallow glands can be remarkably promoted, feeding of larvae of the giant bumblebees is facilitated, and growth and development of offspring of a bee colony are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of animal model construction, and in particular relates to a method for promoting the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of a ground bumblebee. Background Art

[0002] The hypopharyngeal gland is an organ unique to Hymenoptera and plays an important role in the physiological processes of insects. In honey bees, the hypopharyngeal gland is only present in worker bees and is responsible for secreting royal jelly to feed the larvae. Worker bees provide the glandular secretions as food to the bee colony. In ground bumblebees, the hypopharyngeal gland is present in both queen bees and worker bees. It is speculated that it plays a role in digestion, and its product is a protein-rich fluid that contains invertase and amylase to break down carbohydrates and participate in the conversion of polysaccharides. In addition, the hypopharyngeal gland of ground bumblebees is also essential in the endocrine regulation of nutrient intake. It can also serve as a storage organ for vitellogenin (Vg) and participate in the regulation of immune function, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defense. In summary, the hypopharyngeal gland secretes larval food and plays an important role in the development of bumblebee offspring.

[0003] Fatty acids are essential nutrients for the development and reproduction of bumblebees. Most fatty acids can be produced endogenously by the body, but some cannot be produced by the body and can only be obtained from food. These fatty acids are called essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (omega-6, also known as n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3, also known as n-3). Both linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are polyunsaturated fatty acids. In a polyunsaturated fatty acid molecule, the double bond farthest from the carboxyl group is on the third carbon atom from the end, which is called n-3, and on the sixth carbon atom, which is called n-6.

[0004] There is no report on the technical solution related to the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for promoting the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of ground bumblebees, by feeding the ground bumblebees with bee feed containing different ratios of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, that is, the mass ratio of n-6:n-3 is 1-5:1, so as to promote the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of the ground bumblebees and further promote the development and reproduction of the ground bumblebees.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: (1) Obtaining defatted pollen Subcritical extraction technology is used to degrease the wild apricot pollen collected by bees. Specifically, the wild apricot pollen is crushed and loaded into a subcritical extraction device, butane is injected into the extraction tank after sealing and vacuuming to ensure that the wild apricot pollen is completely immersed, and the extraction and degreasing are carried out at 35-45°C and 0.4MPa. The mixed liquid is transferred to a separation tank, and the solvent and oil are separated by reduced pressure evaporation; the evaporated solvent is recovered by condensation; the treated pollen is taken out, and the residual oil content in the pollen is tested according to the determination method of fat and moisture in food in GB5009.6-2016, so as to obtain defatted pollen with an oil content of less than 1%; (2) Preparation of bee food The experiment set up a wild apricot pollen group (wild apricot pollen + 50% sucrose solution), a defatted pollen group (defatted pollen + 50% sucrose solution), and an experimental group containing different proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (defatted pollen + 50% sucrose solution + corn oil and linseed oil). The above-mentioned bee feed was used to feed bumblebees, and after 6 days, the development of the hypopharyngeal gland was tested. The experimental results showed that bee feed with a mass ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid of 1:1 and 5:1 can promote the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of bumblebees.

[0007] Advantages and technical effects of the present invention: The method of the present invention adjusts the ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in bee feed, thereby ensuring the normal development of bumblebees while satisfying the dietary preferences of bumblebees, thereby compensating for the nutritional fluctuations of natural pollen. The invention can significantly promote the development of the hypopharyngeal gland, is beneficial for the feeding of larvae by bumblebees, and is beneficial for the growth and development of offspring of the bee colony. The method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 These are the statistical results of the circumference of the subpharyngeal acinus of β-bees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail by specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, but it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the following technical scheme. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used are reagents, methods and equipment commonly used in the art. Those of ordinary skill in the art can implement and apply the present invention according to the relevant reference books, scientific and technological literature or instructions, manuals, etc. before the application date of the present invention, in combination with their own experience and professional knowledge.

[0010] Example 1: Method for promoting the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of bumblebees 1. Crush the wild apricot pollen and load it into the subcritical extraction equipment. After sealing and vacuuming, inject butane into the extraction tank to ensure that the wild apricot pollen is completely immersed. Extract and defatted at 40°C and 0.4MPa. Transfer the mixed liquid to a separation tank and separate the solvent and oil by reduced pressure evaporation. The evaporated solvent is recovered by condensation. Take out the treated pollen and test the residual oil content in the pollen according to the determination method of fat and moisture in food in GB5009.6-2016 to obtain defatted pollen with an oil content of less than 1%; 2. Set up apricot pollen group (apricot pollen + 50% sucrose solution), a defatted pollen group (defatted pollen + 50% sucrose solution), and experimental groups containing different proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (defatted pollen + 50% sucrose solution + corn oil and linseed oil). Among them, corn oil is rich in 59.8% linoleic acid and 0.833% α-linolenic acid, and linseed oil is rich in 54% α-linolenic acid and 16.6% linoleic acid. The specific formula of the bee food of the above experimental groups is shown in the table below. After the raw materials are fully mixed, 1g of pollen balls are made and stored at -20℃ for use;

[0011] 3. Select 20 beehives with more black pupae, place the beehives in a carbon dioxide anesthesia box for 90 seconds, use tweezers to pick out the black pupae in the beehives and place them in new beehives (12cm×12cm×10cm), fill a plastic lunch box with sufficient sucrose solution as nectar, and place it under the new beehive. Insert a cotton strip in the lunch box so that the bumblebees can freely eat the sucrose solution. Place the beehive in a dark environment (temperature: 28±1℃; humidity 50±5%) for breeding, and record the newly emerged bumblebees within 24 hours as one-day-old bees; 4. Randomly select one-day-old worker bees with the same chest width (the chest width is determined by measuring with a vernier caliper), raise three bees in a box in the same feeding box, provide different bee food in step 2, and sufficient sucrose solution, and raise them for 6 days; Determination of αβγ bees: Determination was performed by combining the super-depth microscope and Image J software. First, the development of the terminal oocytes of the three ground bumblebees in each treatment group was observed under the super-depth microscope. Due to the influence of genes and other factors, the terminal oocytes of two bees may develop. In this case, the length of the terminal oocytes of the two bees was measured and compared using Image J software. The longer one was defined as the α bee, the other as the β bee, and the third one with an undeveloped terminal oocyte was the γ bee. If only one of the three ground bumblebees had a developed terminal oocyte, then this bee was defined as the α bee, and the remaining two were defined according to the overall size of the ovary. The one with a larger overall ovary was defined as the β bee, and the one with a smaller ovary was defined as the γ bee.

[0012] Measurement of the hypopharyngeal gland: Use scissors to separate the head and thorax of the ground bumblebee, place the head on a glass slide and dissect the hypopharyngeal gland under a stereo microscope. Use forceps to insert the antennae of the worker bee into the brain to fix the whole brain, cut along the midline of the brain with small scissors, peel off the chitin on the top of the worker bee's head with forceps, and gently pull out a pair of hypopharyngeal glands located between the compound eyes on both sides of the brain. Use a super-depth microscope to take pictures of its alveoli, and use Image J software to measure the circumference of 5 adjacent alveoli. The circumference of the alveoli represents the development of the hypopharyngeal gland. Large alveoli are recorded as good development; The results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, compared with the wild apricot pollen group, the development of the pharyngeal gland of the β-bumblebee was significantly enhanced in the experimental groups supplemented with bee feed with linoleic acid:α-linolenic acid in the ratio of 1 and 5, especially when the ratio was 1, the development of the pharyngeal gland was the best, while there was no significant difference in the αγ-bumblebees.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of a ground bumblebee, characterized in that: Adjust the mass ratio of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in the bee feed of bumblebees to 1-5:1 to promote the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of bumblebees.

2. The method for promoting the development of the hypopharyngeal gland of bumblebees according to claim 1, characterized in that: Bee bread is a mixture of defatted pollen and sucrose solution.

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