Cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst, preparation method, and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored precious metal oxide cluster catalyst, a preparation method, and an application thereof, relating to the field of catalyst technology. The preparation method comprises: thoroughly mixing a cobalt acetate solution, a metal salt solution, ammonium metavanadate, and acetylene black, stirring at a temperature of 50°C to 100°C, and filtering and collecting a sample; vacuum drying the sample, and then pyrolyzing it in an air atmosphere to obtain a catalyst; the present invention also provides an application of the catalyst in the field of energy catalysis. The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the catalyst has a well-defined structure, high electrical / ionic conductivity, catalytic activity, and stability. At the same time, the preparation method of the catalyst is simple, the cost is low, and it can be synthesized in large quantities. It has high potential industrial application value in the field of energy catalysis and can be used for electrocatalytic water decomposition, oxygen reduction reaction, carbon dioxide reduction reaction, and various organic catalytic reactions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, and in particular to a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), a highly active material, exhibits exceptional catalytic performance in many organic and electrocatalytic reactions. Its unique electronic structure and excellent conductivity make RuO2 extremely active in electrocatalytic water splitting reactions, particularly the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, despite its outstanding catalytic performance, RuO2's high cost and resource scarcity severely limit its feasibility in large-scale commercial applications. Therefore, the development of efficient, low-cost electrocatalysts is crucial to promoting the development of the field of electrocatalysis.

[0003] To address the scarcity and high prices of precious metals and reduce their usage, an effective strategy has been to form RuO2 clusters and load them onto supports with high surface area and excellent conductivity. This strategy not only significantly reduces the amount of RuO2 used, lowering costs, but also allows the electronic structure of the catalyst to be further manipulated through the interaction between the support and the RuO2 clusters, optimizing its catalytic performance for the electrocatalytic water splitting reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and to provide a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst, a preparation method and an application thereof.

[0005] Cobalt vanadate (CoV2O6) nanosheets, as two-dimensional materials, offer abundant active sites for electrocatalytic reactions due to their unique layered structure and high specific surface area. CoV2O6 nanosheets also exhibit excellent chemical stability and corrosion resistance, enabling long-term stable operation in alkaline electrolytes. Therefore, loading RuO2 clusters onto CoV2O6 nanosheets is expected to combine the advantages of both, leading to the preparation of efficient and low-cost electrocatalytic water splitting catalysts. Furthermore, the Co in cobalt vanadate is conjugated with multivalent vanadium, palladium, and platinum. These additional active sites are expected to create a synergistic effect with the electronic structure of RuO2, PdO, and PtO2 clusters, further enhancing the catalyst's performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, the present invention uses cobalt vanadate nanosheets to anchor precious metal oxide (ruthenium dioxide, PdO, PtO2) clusters, promising the preparation of efficient and low-cost electrocatalytic water splitting catalysts. This provides a new solution for the industrial application of electrocatalytic water splitting technology and is of great significance for advancing the field of energy catalysis.

[0006] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0008] After fully mixing the cobalt acetate solution, the metal salt solution, ammonium metavanadate and acetylene black, stirring at a temperature of 50° C. to 100° C., and filtering to collect the sample; wherein the metal species involved in the metal salt solution include at least one of Ru, Pd and Pt;

[0009] The sample is vacuum dried and then pyrolyzed in an air atmosphere to obtain a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst.

[0010] Optionally, the volume ratio of the cobalt acetate solution to the metal salt solution is 3:1 to 20:1, and the mass ratio of the ammonium metavanadate to acetylene black is 1:1 to 10:1.

[0011] Optionally, the salt type involved in the metal salt solution is at least one of metal acetate, metal chloride and vanadate.

[0012] Optionally, the concentration of the metal salt solution is 0.06 mol / L to 0.4 mol / L, and the concentration of the cobalt acetate solution is 0.05 mol / L to 0.07 mol / L.

[0013] Optionally, the vacuum drying temperature is 50° C. to 100° C., and the time is 12 to 24 hours.

[0014] Optionally, the specific steps of pyrolysis under air atmosphere include:

[0015] The vacuum-dried sample was heated to 300°C~500°C in a tube furnace atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C / min~20°C / min, kept at this temperature for 5 h~15 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored precious metal oxide cluster catalyst.

[0016] The second aspect of the present invention provides a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst, which is obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0017] Among them, the noble metal oxides include RuO2, PdO, and PtO2.

[0018] The catalysts include RuO2@CoV2O6, PdO@CoV2O6, and PtO2@CoV2O6.

[0019] Optionally, the cobalt-based nanosheets are cobalt vanadate nanosheets, the noble metal oxides supported on the cobalt vanadate nanosheets exist in the form of nanoclusters, and the loading amount of the noble metal is 0.8 wt% to 5.1 wt%.

[0020] Optionally, the catalyst is an ultrathin nanosheet with a thickness of 1 nm to 3 nm, and the average particle size of the loaded noble metal oxide nanoclusters is 0.7 nm to 1.5 nm.

[0021] The second aspect of the present invention provides applications of the above-mentioned catalyst in the field of energy catalysis, including applications in water decomposition reactions, oxygen reduction reactions, carbon dioxide reduction reactions, and organic catalytic reactions.

[0022] The catalysts (RuO2@CoV2O6, PdO@CoV2O6, and PtO2@CoV2O6) prepared by the present invention can be used as anode catalysts for electrocatalytic OER reactions. RuO2@CoV2O6 can reach 10 mA·cm on a glassy carbon electrode. -2 The overpotential of the current density is only 167 mV, reaching 100 mA·cm on the glassy carbon electrode and carbon cloth. -2 The overpotentials for the current densities are only 230 and 201 mV, respectively.

[0023] The present invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention synthesizes precious metal oxide (RuO2, PdO, PtO2) nanocluster catalysts (RuO2@CoV2O6, PdO@CoV2O6, and PtO2@CoV2O6) anchored on cobalt vanadate nanosheets via a simple one-pot synthesis followed by calcination. The materials appear as nanosheets approximately 2 nm thick, with RuO2, PdO, and PtO2 clusters approximately 1 nm in size. The ruthenium, palladium, and platinum loadings range from 0.8 wt% to 5.1 wt%. These catalysts exhibit a well-defined structure, high electrical and ionic conductivity, catalytic activity, and stability. Furthermore, the preparation method employed is simple and inexpensive, costing only approximately 32 yuan per gram (only 1 / 46 of that of RuO2).

[0025] The catalysts RuO2@CoV2O6, PdO@CoV2O6 and PtO2@CoV2O6 prepared by the present invention have excellent electrochemical stability. 2 The sample can maintain good stability for 45 hours at a current density of 1.0 M KOH and exhibit excellent OER catalytic performance. In a classic three-electrode system with an electrolyte of 1.0 M KOH, the sample can drive 10 mA·cm with an overpotential of only 167 mV on the glassy carbon electrode. -2The current density is as high as 100 mA·cm, and only 230 and 201 mV overpotential are required on the glassy carbon electrode and carbon cloth support electrode to drive 100 mA·cm -2 Therefore, the cobalt vanadate nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst prepared by the present invention has a high potential application value in the field of energy catalysis and can be used for other reactions such as ORR, CO2RR and various organic catalytic reactions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an atomic force microscope image of RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a transmission electron microscope image of RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a transmission electron microscope image of RuO2@CoV2O6 corrected for spherical aberration in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is the OER linear sweep voltammetry curve of RuO2@CoV2O6 on glassy carbon in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is the OER linear sweep voltammetry curve of RuO2@CoV2O6 on carbon cloth in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is the Tafel plot of RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 The RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention is 500 mA·cm -2 Diagram of electrolysis under constant voltage at current density.

[0034] Figure 9 This is the electrochemical impedance spectrum of RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is the electrochemical specific surface area diagram of RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a conversion diagram of the electrochemical specific surface area of ​​RuO2@CoV2O6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 12This is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of PdO@CoV2O6 in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 13 This is the OER linear sweep voltammetry curve of PdO@CoV2O6 on glassy carbon in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 14 The PdO@CoV2O6 in Example 2 of the present invention is 500 mA·cm -2 Diagram of electrolysis under constant voltage at current density.

[0040] Figure 15 This is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of PtO2@CoV2O6 in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 16 This is the OER linear sweep voltammetry curve of PtO2@CoV2O6 on glassy carbon in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 17 This is the constant current electrolysis diagram of PtO2@CoV2O6 at a voltage of 0.78 V in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 18 This is the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of RuO2@CoV2O6-1, RuO2@CoV2O6-2 and RuO2@CoV2O6-4 in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 19 This is a transmission electron microscope image of RuO2@CoV2O6-1 in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 20 This is a transmission electron microscope image of RuO2@CoV2O6-2 in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 21 This is a transmission electron microscope image of RuO2@CoV2O6-4 in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 22 This is the OER linear sweep voltammetry curve of RuO2@CoV2O6-1~RuO2@CoV2O6-4 on glassy carbon in Example 4 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] The preparation method of the catalyst RuO2@CoV2O6 comprises the following steps:

[0051] Prepare 19 mL of 0.06 mol / L cobalt acetate solution, 1 mL of 0.2 mol / L ruthenium chloride solution, 50 mL of 0.05 mol / L ammonium metavanadate solution, and 40 mg of acetylene black.

[0052] Mix the cobalt acetate solution, ruthenium chloride solution, ammonium metavanadate solution and acetylene black, stir at 80°C for 5 hours after the acetylene black is fully dissolved, and collect the sample by filtration.

[0053] The samples were then washed with water and alcohol, centrifuged and dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C for 12 hours.

[0054] Finally, the dried sample was heated to 500°C in a tube furnace at a heating rate of 10°C / min, kept constant for 15 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the product RuO2@CoV2O6.

[0055] The X-ray diffraction pattern of the product RuO2@CoV2O6 is shown in Figure 1 ,Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the catalyst prepared in this example contains both cobalt vanadate and ruthenium dioxide phases, proving that the product RuO2@CoV2O6 was successfully synthesized; the atomic force microscopy image is shown in Figure 2 ,Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that the catalyst prepared by the present invention is an ultra-thin nanosheet with a thickness of 1 nm to 3 nm; the transmission electron microscopy image is shown in FIG. Figure 3 ,Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the catalyst prepared by the present invention has a lamellar structure, and the ruthenium dioxide clusters are evenly anchored on the cobalt vanadate nanosheets; the spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy image is shown in Figure 4 ,Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that the average particle size of the catalyst-supported ruthenium dioxide clusters prepared in the present invention is 0.7 nm to 1.5 nm, which is very small and is an ultrafine ruthenium dioxide cluster.

[0056] The performance test of RuO2@CoV2O6 prepared in Example 1 was carried out, and the test method and results are as follows:

[0057] (1) Electrocatalytic OER performance test of RuO2@CoV2O6

[0058] The electrocatalytic OER performance of the RuO2@CoV2O6 obtained in Example 1 was tested using a classic three-electrode system at room temperature on a CHI760E electrochemical workstation. The electrolyte was 1.0 M KOH solution. Hg / HgO and Pt sheets were used as reference and counter electrodes. 4 mg of RuO2@CoV2O6 was added to 150 μL of isopropanol and 10 μL of Nafion. After sonication for 20 minutes, the sample was dropped onto a glassy carbon electrode and carbon cloth, which served as the working electrode.

[0059] Figure 5 、 Figure 6 The linear sweep voltammetry curve shown was obtained at a scan rate of 5 mV / s. Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that RuO2@CoV2O6 drives 10 mA·cm on the glassy carbon electrode. -2 The overpotential required for the current density is 167 mV, and the current density is 100 mA·cm on the glassy carbon electrode and carbon cloth. -2 The overpotentials required for the current densities are 230 and 201 mV, respectively. Figure 7 The Tafel curve shown is from Figure 5 、 Figure 6 Calculation shows that the Tafel slope of RuO2@CoV2O6 on the glassy carbon electrode is 56.4 mV·dec -1 ( Figure 7 The Tafel slope of RuO2@CoV2O6 on the carbon cloth electrode is 54.4 mV·dec -1 ( Figure 7 RuO2@CoV2O6-CC in ). Figure 8 Shown at 500 mA·cm -2 After 95 hours of electrolysis of RuO2@CoV2O6 at the current density, the performance only decreased by 9.7%, indicating that RuO2@CoV2O6 has good stability.

[0060] (2) Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test of RuO2@CoV2O6

[0061] Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed in the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 100 kHz.

[0062] Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Figure 9 ,Depend on Figure 9 It can be seen that the charge transfer resistance of RuO2@CoV2O6 is about 15 Ω, and the charge transfer resistance of the catalyst is small, indicating that RuO2@CoV2O6 has a faster reaction rate.

[0063] (3) Electrochemical specific surface area test of RuO2@CoV2O6

[0064] To determine the electrochemical surface area (ECSA), cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were performed to investigate the electrochemical double layer capacitance (C dl CVs were performed in the non-Faradaic range (0.9–1.0 V vs RHE) with a scan rate of 20 mV s -1 , 40 mV s -1 , 60 mVs -1 , 80 mV s -1 and 100 mV s -1 A linear plot was obtained by plotting the current density versus scan rate at 0.95 V vs RHE. dl It is half the slope of the linear graph and is used to represent the ECSA.

[0065] Electrochemical specific surface area diagram Figure 10 and Figure 11 ,Depend on Figure 10 and Figure 11 It can be seen that the C dl The value is 23.99 mF cm -2 , with a larger electrochemical surface area and double-layer capacitance, indicating that the catalyst has more active sites and better performance.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] The preparation method of the catalyst PdO@CoV2O6 comprises the following steps:

[0068] Change "ruthenium chloride solution" to "palladium chloride solution", and the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0069] Figure 12 The X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst prepared in Example 2 is shown in FIG. Figure 12 It can be seen that cobalt vanadate and palladium oxide phases exist simultaneously in the catalyst, proving that the catalyst PdO@CoV2O6 was successfully synthesized.

[0070] Figure 13 The OER performance of the catalyst prepared in Example 2 is shown in Figure 2. The electrocatalytic OER performance test conditions of PdO@CoV2O6 obtained in Example 2 are consistent with those in Example 1. Figure 13 It can be seen that PdO@CoV2O6 drives 10 mA·cm on the glassy carbon electrode. -2 The overpotential required for the current density is 305 mV.

[0071] Figure 14 The stability test of the catalyst prepared in Example 2 is as follows: Figure 14 Shown at 500 mA·cm -2After 45 hours of electrolysis of PdO@CoV2O6 at the current density, the performance only decreased by 9.3%, indicating that PdO@CoV2O6 has good stability.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] The preparation method of the catalyst PtO2@CoV2O6 comprises the following steps:

[0074] The “ruthenium chloride solution” was changed to “platinum chloride solution”, and the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Figure 15 The X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst prepared in Example 3 is shown in FIG. Figure 15 It can be seen that cobalt vanadate and platinum oxide phases exist simultaneously in the catalyst, proving that the catalyst PtO2@CoV2O6 was successfully synthesized.

[0076] Figure 16 The OER performance of the catalyst prepared in Example 3 is shown in Figure 3. The electrocatalytic OER performance test conditions of PtO2@CoV2O6 obtained in Example 3 are consistent with those in Example 1. Figure 16 It can be seen that PtO2@CoV2O6 drives 10 mA·cm on the glassy carbon electrode. -2 The overpotential required for the current density is 290 mV.

[0077] Figure 17 The stability test of the catalyst prepared in Example 3 is as follows: Figure 17 As shown in the figure, the performance of PtO2@CoV2O6 decreased by only 10.2% after electrolysis for 40 hours at a voltage of 0.78 V, indicating that PtO2@CoV2O6 has good stability.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] The only difference from Example 1 is that the concentrations of the ruthenium chloride solution and the cobalt acetate solution are changed, and the other steps are the same as Example 1.

[0080] In Example 1, the concentration of the cobalt acetate solution was 0.060 mol / L, and the concentration of the ruthenium chloride solution was 0.20 mol / L, and the (main sample) RuO2@CoV2O6-3 was prepared;

[0081] The ruthenium chloride solution and cobalt acetate solution of each sample in this embodiment are as follows:

[0082] (1) The concentration of cobalt acetate solution was changed to 0.067 mol / L, and the concentration of ruthenium chloride solution was changed to 0.067 mol / L to prepare RuO2@CoV2O6-1;

[0083] (2) The concentration of cobalt acetate solution was changed to 0.062 mol / L, and the concentration of ruthenium chloride solution was changed to 0.15 mol / L to prepare RuO2@CoV2O6-2;

[0084] (3) The concentration of cobalt acetate solution was changed to 0.058 mol / L, and the concentration of ruthenium chloride solution was changed to 0.23 mol / L to prepare RuO2@CoV2O6-4.

[0085] Figure 18 This is the X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalyst prepared in Example 4, wherein: Figure 18 The "(main sample) RuO2@CoV2O6-3" in the example is the catalyst prepared in Example 1. Figure 18 It can be seen that, like the "(main sample) RuO2@CoV2O6-3" prepared in Example 1, the RuO2@CoV2O6-1, RuO2@CoV2O6-2 and RuO2@CoV2O6-4 catalysts prepared in Example 4 all contain cobalt vanadate and ruthenium dioxide phases, proving that the catalysts RuO2@CoV2O6 with different concentrations were successfully synthesized.

[0086] Figures 19 to 21 Transmission electron micrographs of RuO2@CoV2O6-1, RuO2@CoV2O6-2 and RuO2@CoV2O6-4 catalysts prepared in Example 4, respectively. Figures 19 to 21 It can be seen that the ruthenium dioxide clusters of RuO2@CoV2O6-1, RuO2@CoV2O6-2 and RuO2@CoV2O6-4 catalysts are evenly anchored on the cobalt vanadate nanosheets.

[0087] Figure 22 The OER performance of the catalyst prepared in Example 4 is shown in Figure 4. The electrocatalytic OER performance test conditions of RuO2@CoV2O6 obtained in Example 4 are consistent with those in Example 1. Figure 22 It can be seen that the RuO2@CoV2O6-1, RuO2@CoV2O6-2 and RuO2@CoV2O6-4 catalysts prepared in Example 4 all have certain catalytic performance. Among them, the "(main sample) RuO2@CoV2O6-3" prepared in Example 1 drives 10 mA·cm on the glassy carbon electrode. -2 The overpotential required for the current density was 167 mV, indicating the best performance. This indicates that increasing or decreasing the concentrations of the ruthenium chloride solution and the cobalt acetate solution will lead to a decrease in catalyst performance.

[0088] This invention uses cobalt vanadate as a carrier. Through a simple one-pot method, it is possible to mass-produce ultrathin (2 nm) RuO2, PdO, and PtO2 clusters loaded with an average particle size (1.0 nm) of RuO2, PdO, and PtO2. These composite materials, RuO2@CoV2O6, PdO@CoV2O6, and PtO2@CoV2O6, exhibit long-term electrochemical stability. The catalyst, composed of cobalt vanadate nanosheets anchored to RuO2, PdO, and PtO2 clusters, is simple to prepare and inexpensive, making it suitable for large-scale synthesis. It has high potential for industrial application in energy catalysis and can be used in electrocatalytic water splitting, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and various organic catalytic reactions.

[0089] Taking electrocatalytic water splitting as an example, since hydrogen has a high energy density and is clean and environmentally friendly, the technology of producing hydrogen through electrocatalytic water splitting has broad application prospects. Water splitting consists of two half-reactions: the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. Both require the introduction of catalysts to reduce the reaction overpotential in the electrocatalytic reaction and improve the reaction efficiency. Some precious metals and their oxides are currently recognized as excellent water electrolysis catalysts. However, due to the scarcity of resources and high cost of such catalysts, their commercial application is greatly limited. RuO2@CoV2O6, PdO@CoV2O6, and PtO2@CoV2O6 have excellent OER electrocatalytic performance, which is better than the current commercial catalyst RuO2.

[0090] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After fully mixing the cobalt acetate solution, the metal salt solution, ammonium metavanadate and acetylene black, stirring at a temperature of 50° C. to 100° C., and filtering to collect the sample; wherein the metal species involved in the metal salt solution include at least one of Ru, Pd and Pt; The sample is vacuum dried and then pyrolyzed in an air atmosphere to obtain a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst; The concentration of the cobalt acetate solution is 0.05 mol / L to 0.07 mol / L; The volume ratio of the cobalt acetate solution to the metal salt solution is 3:1 to 20:1, and the mass ratio of the ammonium metavanadate to acetylene black is 1:1 to 10:1; The catalyst obtained by the preparation method is an ultrathin nanosheet with a thickness of 1 nm to 3 nm. The loaded precious metal oxide exists in the form of nanoclusters. The loading amount of precious metal is 0.8 wt% to 5.1 wt%, and the average particle size of the loaded precious metal oxide nanoclusters is 0.7 nm to 1.5 nm.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The volume ratio of the cobalt acetate solution to the metal salt solution is 3:1-20:1, and the mass ratio of the ammonium metavanadate to acetylene black is 1:1-10:

1.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The metal salt solution contains at least one of metal acetate, metal chloride and vanadate.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The concentration of the metal salt solution is 0.06 mol / L to 0.4 mol / L.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The vacuum drying temperature is 50° C. to 100° C., and the vacuum drying time is 12 to 24 hours.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific steps of pyrolysis under air atmosphere include: The vacuum-dried sample was heated to 300°C~500°C in a tube furnace atmosphere at a heating rate of 5°C / min~20°C / min, kept at this temperature for 5 h~15 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored precious metal oxide cluster catalyst.

7. A cobalt-based nanosheet-anchored noble metal oxide cluster catalyst, characterized in that: The method is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The catalyst according to claim 7, characterized in that The cobalt-based nanosheets are cobalt vanadate nanosheets.

9. Use of the catalyst according to any one of claims 7 to 8 in the field of energy catalysis, characterized in that: Including applications in water decomposition reactions, oxygen reduction reactions, carbon dioxide reduction reactions and organic catalytic reactions.

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