Low-clearance rotary drilling rig and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cast-in-place pile drilling construction, and particularly relates to a low-clearance rotary drilling rig and a method. The structural design that the power drill bit is arranged at the end is adopted, downward drilling and hole forming operation of the power drill bit is achieved through stretching and retracting of the second power element, the torsional rigidity of the top of the power drill bit is enhanced through the telescopic drill rod in the downward drilling and hole forming operation period, and it is ensured that the perpendicularity deviation is controlled within the allowable range; and secondly, the soil suction and discharge assembly is arranged at the power drill bit to conduct active dry-method negative-pressure soil discharge operation, the operation efficiency is high, the excavation hole forming effect is good, the problems that the drill bit is broken and a drill rod is clamped are solved, and the power drill bit is matched with a multi-stage telescopic structure to adapt to and solve the problem of low-clearance drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bored pile construction, and in particular relates to a low-headroom rotary drilling rig and a method. Background Art

[0002] The construction technology of rotary drilling rig is a relatively advanced pile foundation construction technology developed in my country in recent years. It is known as the "green construction technology". Its characteristics are that the rotary drilling rig can automatically position, vertically drill holes, and have good hole quality. The rotary drilling rig is a construction machine suitable for hole-forming operations in building foundation projects. It is mainly suitable for construction in soil layers such as sand, clay, and silty soil, and is widely used in various foundation constructions such as cast-in-place piles and continuous wall foundation reinforcement.

[0003] At present, the work of bored piles in some low-headroom areas is a major shortcoming of geotechnical engineering machinery construction at home and abroad, such as tunnels, indoor factories, and under viaducts. In low and small spaces, traditional construction equipment such as CN118933554A, CN119553948A, CN119062240A, etc., use a top power device to drive the multi-stage drill rods and drill bits that are assembled to complete the structural design of rotary bored piles. However, as the drill bit drills deeper, the distance between the power end and the drill bit gradually increases, which can easily cause the drill rod to tilt to one side, resulting in a deviation in the verticality of the borehole. At the same time, a large amount of soil will accumulate at the end of the drill bit, which can easily increase the workload of the drill bit, and cause problems such as drill bit breakage and drill rod jamming.

[0004] In this case, in order to enable the rotary drilling rig to carry out efficient and safe construction, a low-headroom rotary drilling rig with a working height of less than 4 meters, a working depth of 6 meters and the ability to carry out efficient soil discharge in real time is required. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to solve the problems of drill bit breakage, drill rod jamming and failure to discharge soil in a timely and efficient manner in low-headroom drilling equipment.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the inventors have obtained the technical solution of the present invention through practice and summary. The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A low-headroom rotary drilling rig, comprising:

[0008] The drill bit assembly includes a rotary drill bit and a power element 1, and the power element 1 drives the rotary drill bit to rotate and drill downward;

[0009] The drill bit lifting assembly comprises an end plate, the bottom of the end plate is connected to the power element 1, and the top of the end plate is equipped with the power element 2 and the telescopic drill rod;

[0010] The drill bit lifting assembly includes a stand, on which a vertically adjustable lifting platform is mounted, the lifting platform is connected to the top of the telescopic drill rod and the top of the power element 2;

[0011] The soil suction and discharge assembly comprises a soil discharge pump, a soil discharge pipe and a soil discharge head. The soil discharge pump is connected with the soil discharge head via the soil discharge pipe, and the soil discharge head is installed on the end plate.

[0012] In a certain embodiment, the telescopic drill rod is a four-section telescopic rod with a stretched size greater than or equal to six meters and a retracted size less than or equal to 1.3 meters, which are respectively a first-level drill rod, a second-level drill rod, a third-level drill rod, and a fourth-level drill rod from top to bottom, and the drill rod size decreases gradually from top to bottom, and each section of the drill rod except the fourth-level drill rod is provided with a slot inside, and each section of the drill rod except the first-level drill rod is provided with a locking block at the top, and the locking block and the slot are elastically locked and adapted;

[0013] A soil discharge pipe installation structure is arranged on the outside of each drill pipe section.

[0014] In a certain embodiment, the second power element is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, with a flange installed at one end and a lifter installed at the other end. A clamping ring is installed on the lifter, and the clamping ring is connected to the four-stage drill pipe.

[0015] In a certain embodiment, a winch, a four-corner frame and a connecting ear are installed on the vertical frame. The winch is installed on the rear side of the vertical frame, the four-corner frame is fixedly installed on the top of the vertical frame and a pulley block is installed on it, and the connecting ear is installed on the top of the lifting workbench. The connecting ear passes through the pulley block on the four-corner frame through a connecting rope and is connected to the winch.

[0016] In one embodiment, the drilling rig further comprises two sets of single-stage hydraulic cylinders, which are hinged on the mobile vehicle and have free ends hinged on the rear side of the frame, and the working height of the drilling rig does not exceed four meters.

[0017] In a certain embodiment, the outer side of the four-stage drill pipe is equipped with an in-hole verticality control component, which includes a fixed sleeve, on which are installed an inflation and exhaust device and an expansion airbag, the inflation and exhaust device controls the expansion airbag to actively expand and contract, and a plurality of reinforcements are distributed at equal intervals on the outer side of the expansion airbag, each reinforcement is slidably fitted on the fixed sleeve, and a battery is embedded in the fixed sleeve to provide electrical energy for the inflation and exhaust device.

[0018] In a certain embodiment, elastic trigger member 1 and elastic trigger member 2 are installed on the inner side of the fixed sleeve, an axial slide groove is installed on the outer side of the four-stage drill pipe, the depth of the axial slide groove gradually decreases from top to bottom, an exhaust switch of the inflation and exhaust device is arranged on the top of the axial slide groove, and an inflation switch of the inflation and exhaust device is arranged on the bottom, and the elastic trigger member 1 and the elastic trigger member 2 are slidably matched in the axial slide groove;

[0019] The elastic trigger member 1 and the elastic trigger member 2 both include an installation groove, in which the trigger body terminal and the elastic body are slidably matched. The trigger body terminal is partially exposed outside the installation groove and slidably matched in the axial slide groove, and a U-shaped circuit is arranged in the axial slide groove.

[0020] In a certain embodiment, a fixed seat is installed on the end plate, and two groups of horizontally arranged rotating shafts are installed in the fixed seat. The output end of the power element forms a transmission fit with the rotating shaft through a bevel gear group, and the transmission shaft forms a transmission fit with the rotary drill bit through the bevel gear group. A soil crushing blade is installed on the rotating shaft, and the soil crushing blade is arranged directly below the soil discharge head.

[0021] In a certain embodiment, the rotary drilling drill bit is provided with blades distributed in a spiral shape.

[0022] In a certain embodiment, the rotary drilling bit has a hollow structure inside and an open structure at the bottom, and the blades include an upper reaming piece and a lower drilling piece, the upper reaming piece is circumferentially distributed on the outer side of the rotary drilling bit, and the lower drilling piece covers the bottom and outer side of the rotary drilling bit;

[0023] The outer side of the rotary drill bit is connected with a fixed ring through an electromagnetic socket, and two movable ring plates and a double-head electric cylinder are installed on the fixed ring to slide and fit, and the two movable ring plates are respectively connected to the corresponding output ends of the double-head electric cylinder, and the two movable ring plates are connected to the hole wall pressure plate through a connecting rod;

[0024] The fixing ring is connected with a clearing blade via a connecting rod, and the clearing blade is located inside the rotary drilling bit;

[0025] The top of the rotary drilling drill bit is provided with a soil discharge side port and a rotating cover. A soil discharge ring cover is arranged outside the soil discharge side port, and the soil discharge ring cover is connected to the soil discharge head.

[0026] The construction method of low clearance rotary drilling rig includes:

[0027] Step 1: The mobile vehicle moves the frame to the predetermined drilling position, and two single-stage hydraulic cylinders control the frame to maintain a vertical state;

[0028] Step 2, the power element 1 drives the rotary drilling bit to rotate, and the power element 2 drives the end plate and the drill bit assembly to move downward, and the rotary drilling operation is performed;

[0029] During rotary drilling, after the clamping ring drives the four-stage drill rod downward to the set depth, both power element 1 and power element 2 stop working, the elastic trigger member 1 moves to the top of the axial slide groove 7 and triggers the exhaust switch, the expansion airbag is actively exhausted, and after exhaust, the fixed sleeve moves downward until the bottom of the axial slide groove 7 and triggers the inflation switch. After the expansion airbag expands until the outer wall abuts against the hole wall, power element 1 and power element 2 are restarted to perform the drilling work, and the cycle operation is completed until the hole forming operation is completed;

[0030] During rotary drilling, the soil pump discharges the loose soil in the hole through the soil discharge pipe and soil discharge head in a dry way;

[0031] The loose soil in the hole is driven by the rotating shaft and the power element to rotate to drive the soil breaking blade to further break the loose soil and prevent the soil discharge head from being blocked;

[0032] or,

[0033] During rotary drilling, the loose soil in the hole is discharged from the hole through the bottom opening of the rotary drill bit by the negative pressure generated by the soil discharge pump through the soil discharge pipe, soil discharge head and soil discharge ring cover. During the operation, a pressure sensor is preset in the soil discharge ring cover. The presence of a blockage problem is judged according to the value change detected by the pressure sensor. When a blockage occurs, the double-headed electric cylinder drives the two moving ring plates to approach each other, and the hole wall pressure plate is abutted against the hole wall through the connecting rod. At this time, the electromagnetic plug-in body separates the fixed ring and the rotary drilling bit, and the winch drives the rotary drilling bit to reciprocate up and down for many times through the connecting rope or the power element 2. The blockage clearing blade clears the blockage inside the rotary drilling bit. After the cleaning is completed, the rotary drilling bit is reset to the position where the fixed ring and the rotary drilling bit are corresponding again. The electromagnetic plug-in body reassembles the fixed ring and the rotary drilling bit. After the double-headed electric cylinder drives the two moving ring plates to move away from each other to the initial position, the power element 1 and the power element 2 work again, driving the rotary drilling bit to continue the drilling operation.

[0034] Step 3, when the rotary drilling reaches the target depth, ensure that the expansion airbag is in a deflated state, disconnect the circuits of the battery and the charging and exhaust device, the winch and / or power element 2 drive the drill assembly upward, and the telescopic drill rod retracts until the rotary drilling drill bit is disengaged from the hole.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The present invention adopts a structural design with a power drill bit at the end, and utilizes the telescopic power element to realize the drilling and hole-forming operation of the power drill bit. During the drilling and hole-forming operation, the torsional rigidity of the top of the power drill bit is enhanced through the telescopic drill rod to ensure that the verticality deviation is controlled within the allowable range. Secondly, a soil suction and discharge component is arranged at the power drill bit to perform active dry negative pressure soil discharge operation, which has high operation efficiency and good effect on excavation and hole-forming, solves the problems of drill bit breakage and drill rod jamming, and uses a power drill bit with a multi-stage telescopic structure to adapt to and solve the problem of low clearance drilling.

[0037] 2. The present invention uses the telescopic drill rod to bury the soil discharge pipe, which is conducive to the effective and regular layout of the soil discharge pipe. Secondly, the power element 2 is used to only apply axial pressure to the power drill bit to ensure the drilling effect. The telescopic drill rod and the power element 2 are connected by a clamping ring to achieve synchronous action to ensure the torsional rigidity of the top area of ​​the power drill bit. The winch is used to lift the workbench through the connecting rope to realize the drill lifting, so as to meet the disassembly and assembly of the power drill bit and the power element 2 and the telescopic drill rod.

[0038] 3. The present invention is provided with an in-hole verticality control component on the outside of the four-stage drill pipe, and uses an inflation and exhaust device to realize the expansion and contraction of the expansion airbag, thereby realizing the concentricity of the four-stage drill pipe and the hole wall, ensuring the verticality of the power drill bit when drilling, especially for the local hard soil or underground steel-concrete structure in the drilling position, which is unpredictable. In order to ensure the verticality of the power drill bit when drilling, it is necessary to expand the airbag on the fixed sleeve and maintain a certain pressure, and maintain the verticality of the top stroke of the power drill bit. Secondly, the trigger structure of the inflation and exhaust device is used to realize the inflation and exhaust action at the end, and after exhausting, it can use gravity and the change of the depth of the axial slide groove to realize automatic falling to a new position in the hole, thereby ensuring that the concentric drilling is maintained again. At the same time, the airbag can block the top of the suction and discharge soil, which is more conducive to the soil discharge operation.

[0039] 4. The present invention also provides a rotating shaft at the power drill bit, and utilizes the rotating shaft, the power output end and the rotary drilling bit to form a transmission match, thereby being able to further crush the soil below the soil discharge head to prevent clogging problems.

[0040] 5. The present invention also optimizes the structure of the rotary drilling drill bit, and adopts a hollow structure and an external soil discharge head to realize dry soil discharge operation. However, due to the presence of a certain drilling pressure when drilling, it is easy to cause blockage inside the drill bit. An electromagnetic connector is used to separate the fixed ring and the drill bit. The double-headed electric cylinder drives the moving ring plate closer, and then the hole wall pressure plate is abutted against the hole wall to achieve temporary support for the fixed ring. The clearing blade moves up and down by lifting the drill up and down to clear the blockage in the drill bit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 , Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is the structural relationship diagram of the stand and the lifting workbench;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a structural relationship diagram of the drill lifting assembly and the drill assembly;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power element 2;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a telescopic drill rod;

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of a telescopic drill rod according to another embodiment;

[0047] Figure 8 for Figure 7A cross-sectional view of the connection between the middle fixed sleeve and the fourth-level drill pipe;

[0048] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0049] Fig.10 for Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic trigger member;

[0050] Fig.11 for Figure 7 Cross-sectional view of the connection relationship between the middle fixed sleeve and the fourth-level drill pipe at another angle;

[0051] Fig.12 for Fig.11 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0052] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the structure of a drill bit assembly equipped with a soil-breaking blade;

[0053] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of another embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Fig.15 for Fig.14 The overall structural diagram of the drill bit assembly;

[0055] Fig.16 for Fig.14 A schematic structural diagram of a solution of a drill bit assembly;

[0056] Fig.17 for Fig.16 It is a local enlarged view of point C;

[0057] Fig.18 This is a structural relationship diagram of the fixed sleeve and the clearing blade.

[0058] In the figure: 100, drill bit assembly; 110, rotary drilling bit; 111, lower drilling plate; 112, upper hole expansion plate; 113, fixed ring; 114, electromagnetic socket; 115, movable ring plate; 116, double-head electric cylinder; 117, clearing blade; 118, soil discharge ring cover; 119, hole wall pressure plate; 120, power element 1;

[0059] 200, drill bit lifting assembly; 210, end plate; 211, fixed seat; 212, rotating shaft; 213, soil breaking blade; 220, power element II; 221, flange; 222, lifter; 223, clamping ring; 230, telescopic drill rod; 231, first-level drill rod; 232, second-level drill rod; 233, third-level drill rod; 234, fourth-level drill rod; 235, locking block; 236, slot; 237, axial slide; 240, fixing sleeve; 241, inflation and exhaust device; 242, expansion airbag; 243, reinforcement body; 244, elastic trigger member I; 245, elastic trigger member II;

[0060] 300, drill bit lifting assembly; 310, stand; 311, winch; 312, quadrangular frame; 313, pulley block; 314, connecting ear; 315, connecting rope; 320, power element 2;

[0061] 400. Soil suction and discharge assembly; 410. Soil discharge pump; 420. Soil discharge pipe; 430. Soil discharge head; 500. Single-stage hydraulic cylinder; 600. Mobile vehicle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0063] Embodiment 1, as Figure 1 To Figure Figure 6 As shown, a low clearance rotary drilling rig comprises:

[0064] The drill bit assembly 100 includes a rotary drill bit 110 and a power element 120, and the power element 120 drives the rotary drill bit 110 to rotate downward to drill a hole;

[0065] The drill bit lifting assembly 200 includes an end plate 210, the bottom of the end plate 210 is connected to the power element 1 120, and the top of the end plate 210 is equipped with a power element 220 and a telescopic drill rod 230;

[0066] The drill bit lifting assembly 300 includes a stand 310, on which a vertically adjustable lifting platform 320 is mounted, and the lifting platform 320 is connected to the top of the telescopic drill rod 230 and the top of the power element 220;

[0067] The soil suction and discharge assembly 400 includes a soil discharge pump 410 , a soil discharge pipe 420 , and a soil discharge head 430 . The soil discharge pump 410 is connected to the soil discharge head 430 via the soil discharge pipe 420 , and the soil discharge head 430 is installed on the end plate 210 .

[0068] During implementation, power element 120 drives the rotary drill bit 110 to rotate, and at the same time, power element 220 applies downward pressure to the drill bit assembly 100 to achieve the drilling operation. While power element 220 applies downward pressure to the drill bit assembly 100, the telescopic drill rod 230 is used to enhance the torsional rigidity of the drill rod, ensuring that the drill bit assembly 100 can drill vertically. While drilling, the soil discharge head 430 discharges the loose soil excavated by the rotary drill bit 110 to the outside of the hole through the soil discharge pump 410 and the soil discharge pipe 420 in a dry manner.

[0069] In the above embodiment, the telescopic drill rod 230 is a four-section telescopic rod with a stretched size greater than or equal to six meters and a contracted size less than or equal to 1.3 meters, so that low clearance operations with a working height of less than 4 meters and a working depth of six meters can be achieved. From top to bottom, they are a first-level drill rod 231, a second-level drill rod 232, a third-level drill rod 233, and a fourth-level drill rod 234, and the drill rod size gradually decreases from top to bottom. Each drill rod section except the fourth-level drill rod 234 is provided with a slot 236 inside, and each drill rod section except the first-level drill rod 231 is provided with a locking block 235 at the top, and the locking block 235 and the slot 236 are elastically locked and adapted; the elastic locking adaptation of the locking block 235 and the slot 236 can ensure the structural stability of the telescopic joint. A soil discharge pipe 420 installation structure is provided on the outside of each drill rod section, and the soil discharge pipes 420 are arranged in a regular manner.

[0070] In the above embodiment, the power element 220 is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, with a flange 221 installed at one end and a lifter 222 installed at the other end, a clamping ring 223 installed on the lifter 222, and the clamping ring 223 is connected to the four-stage drill rod 234. The flange 221 is fixed on the lifting platform 320, and the lifting platform 320 is provided with a mounting hole, and the oil pipe of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic station on the mobile vehicle from this, and the soil discharge pipe is led from this and connected to the soil discharge pump, and connected to the four-stage drill rod 234 through the clamping ring 223, so that the telescopic drill rod 230 can also perform corresponding actions synchronously when the rotary drill bit 110 moves downward, ensuring the torsional rigidity of the verticality within the allowable range during drilling.

[0071] In the above embodiment, in order to realize the lifting action of the lifting platform 320, the vertical frame 310 is equipped with a winch 311, a quadrangular frame 312 and a connecting ear 314, the winch 311 is installed at the rear side of the vertical frame 310, the quadrangular frame 312 is fixedly installed on the top of the vertical frame 310 and a pulley block 313 is installed thereon, and the connecting ear 314 is installed on the top of the lifting platform 320, and the connecting ear 314 passes through the pulley block 313 on the quadrangular frame 312 through a connecting rope 315 and is connected to the winch 311. The winch 311 drives the connecting rope 315 to realize the lifting action of the lifting platform 320.

[0072] In the above embodiment, the drilling rig further comprises two sets of single-stage hydraulic cylinders 500, which are hinged on the mobile vehicle 600, and the free ends are hinged on the rear side of the frame 310, and the working height of the drilling rig does not exceed four meters. The single-stage hydraulic cylinders 500 are externally connected to the hydraulic station on the mobile vehicle through oil pipes, and the verticality of the frame 310 can be ensured by controlling the extension of the two single-stage hydraulic cylinders 500, thereby ensuring the initial verticality of the drill bit.

[0073] Embodiment 2, as Figure 7 To Figure Fig.12 As shown, in the above implementation scheme, there is often hard soil or underground steel-concrete structure in the soil at the drilling location, which is unpredictable. In order to ensure that the verticality problem can be guaranteed when the power drill is drilled, the following improvements are made:

[0074] The outer side of the four-stage drill pipe 234 is provided with an in-hole verticality control component, which includes a fixed sleeve 240, on which are mounted an air filling and exhaust device 241 and an expansion airbag 242, the air filling and exhaust device 241 controls the expansion airbag 242 to actively expand and contract, a plurality of reinforcement bodies 243 are distributed at equal intervals around the outer side of the expansion airbag 242, each reinforcement body 243 is slidably fitted on the fixed sleeve 240, a battery is embedded in the fixed sleeve 240 to provide power to the air filling and exhaust device 241 via a circuit (equipped with a remote control switch), an axial slide groove 237 is mounted on the outer side of the four-stage drill pipe 234, the air filling and exhaust device can adopt a combination of a micro air filling pump and a micro exhaust pump, the pump and the control principle are both existing mature technologies, so no detailed explanation is given.

[0075] A torque sensor can be added to the power output end of the power element 120, and the changes in the torque sensor can be used to determine whether hard soil exists. The expansion and contraction of the expansion airbag 242 can be actively filled and discharged through the inflation and exhaust device 241. When expanded, the airbag can abut against the hole wall, thereby ensuring the concentricity of the fourth-level drill rod 234 and the borehole, and preventing the drill bit from deviating to one side even when encountering hard soil.

[0076] In the above embodiment, the inner side of the fixing sleeve 240 is installed with an elastic trigger member 1 244 and an elastic trigger member 245, the depth of the axial slide groove 237 gradually decreases from top to bottom, the top of the axial slide groove 237 is provided with an exhaust switch of the inflation and exhaust device 241, and the bottom is provided with an inflation switch of the inflation and exhaust device 241, and the elastic trigger member 1 244 and the elastic trigger member 245 are slidably matched in the axial slide groove 237;

[0077] like Fig.10As shown, the elastic trigger member 1 244 and the elastic trigger member 2 245 both include a mounting groove, in which a trigger body terminal and an elastic body are slidably fitted, the trigger body terminal is partially exposed outside the mounting groove and slidably fitted in the axial slide groove 237, a U-shaped circuit is arranged in the axial slide groove 237, wherein the trigger body terminal is provided with two ends which are respectively in contact with the two end ends of the U-shaped circuit, and the two ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the battery through the circuit, and since the trigger body terminal is sliding, a conductive sheet can be arranged on the inner wall of the mounting groove to connect with the two ends of the battery, and the terminal is always in contact with the conductive sheet to ensure that the circuit is always in an on state.

[0078] The difference compared to the above scheme is that the expansion airbag is in an intermittent working state. Each time after drilling to a certain depth, the air is exhausted and shrinks and falls to the bottom of the fourth-level drill pipe 234 to be re-inflated. The inflation and exhaust operations of the expansion airbag are realized at different positions through the elastic trigger member 1 244 and the elastic trigger member 2 245, so that the verticality sequence error range can be maintained during the drilling process of the drill bit.

[0079] Example 3, in the above embodiment, if Fig.13 As shown, a fixed seat 211 is installed on the end plate 210, and two groups of horizontally arranged rotating shafts 212 are installed in the fixed seat 211. The output end of the power element 120 forms a transmission match with the rotating shaft 212 through a bevel gear set, and the transmission shaft forms a transmission match with the rotary drill bit 110 through the bevel gear set. A soil breaking blade 213 is installed on the rotating shaft 212, and the soil breaking blade 213 is arranged directly below the soil discharge head 430.

[0080] The rotary drilling bit 110 is provided with blades distributed in a spiral shape.

[0081] During the drilling process, the power element 120 (motor), the rotary drill bit 110 and the rotating shaft 212 form a transmission coordination, thereby ensuring that the soil at the soil discharge head 430 is broken soil, thereby preventing the problem of blockage.

[0082] Embodiment 4, as Figures 14 to 18 As shown, the difference lies in the structure of the rotary drilling bit and the connection relationship of the soil discharge head. Of course, the structure of Example 2 can also be applied to this embodiment. In the above implementation scheme, the drill bit is structurally optimized, and the rotary drilling bit and the soil discharge head 430 are directly connected, so that the soil in the hole can be discharged in a timely and efficient manner, so that the soil accumulation at the drill bit end is as small as possible, reducing the drill bit's rotary cutting resistance and facilitating drilling.

[0083] The rotary drilling bit 110 has a hollow structure inside and an open structure at the bottom. The blades include an upper reaming piece 112 and a lower drilling piece 111. The upper reaming piece 112 is circumferentially distributed on the outside of the rotary drilling bit 110, and the lower drilling piece 111 covers the bottom and the outside of the rotary drilling bit 110. The lower drilling piece 111 and the upper reaming piece 112 are used to drill the hole twice in succession to reduce the drilling resistance.

[0084] The outer side of the rotary drill bit 110 is connected to a fixed ring 113 through an electromagnetic socket 114, and two movable ring plates 115 and a double-headed electric cylinder 116 are installed on the fixed ring 113 to slide and fit. The two movable ring plates 115 are respectively connected to the corresponding output ends of the double-headed electric cylinder 116, and the two movable ring plates 115 are commonly connected to a hole wall pressure plate 119 via a connecting rod; wherein the electromagnetic plug-in body 114 includes a mounting port arranged on the fixed ring 113, and an electromagnet, an elastomer, and a plug connector are installed in the mounting port, and the plug connector part is exposed on the outside of the mounting port.

[0085] The fixing ring 113 is connected to a clearing blade 117 via a connecting rod, and the clearing blade 117 is located inside the rotary drilling bit 110;

[0086] The top of the rotary drilling drill bit 110 is provided with a soil discharge side port and a rotary cover. A soil discharge ring cover 118 is provided outside the soil discharge side port, and the soil discharge ring cover 118 is connected to the soil discharge head 430 .

[0087] A pressure sensor is added in the earth discharge ring cover 118, and the change of the pressure sensor is used to determine whether there is a blockage problem. When blockage occurs, the double-headed electric cylinder 116 drives the two movable ring plates 115 to approach each other, and then drives the hole wall pressure plate 119 to move outward and press tightly against the hole wall. At this time, the fixed ring 113 is fixed. After the electromagnet is energized, it can absorb the plug connector to separate the fixed ring 113 and the rotary drill bit 110. The drill bit is lifted up and down multiple times by the lifting workbench 320. The fixed ring 113 moves up and down relative to the drill bit, and the clearing blade 117 will clear the blockage inside the rotary drill bit 110.

[0088] The construction method of low clearance rotary drilling rig includes:

[0089] Step 1: The mobile vehicle 600 moves the frame 310 to a predetermined drilling position, and two single-stage hydraulic cylinders 500 control the frame 310 to maintain a vertical state;

[0090] Step 2, the power element 120 drives the rotary drill bit 110 to rotate, and the power element 220 drives the end plate 210 and the drill bit assembly 100 to move downward, and the rotary drilling operation is performed;

[0091] During rotary drilling, after the clamping ring 223 drives the four-stage drill rod 234 downward to the set depth, the power element 1 120 and the power element 2 220 both stop working, the elastic trigger member 1 244 moves to the top of the axial slide groove 237 and triggers the exhaust switch, the expansion airbag 242 actively exhausts, and after exhausting, the fixed sleeve 240 moves downward until the bottom of the axial slide groove 237 and triggers the inflation switch, and after the expansion airbag 242 expands until the outer wall abuts against the hole wall, the power element 1 120 and the power element 2 220 are restarted to perform the drilling work, and the cycle operation is completed until the hole forming operation is completed;

[0092] One method is: during rotary drilling, the soil pump 410 discharges the loose soil in the hole through the soil discharge pipe 420 and the soil discharge head 430 in a dry manner, and the loose soil in the hole is driven by the rotating shaft 212 to rotate with the power element 210 to drive the soil crushing blade 213 to rotate to further crush the loose soil, thereby preventing the soil discharge head 230 from being blocked;

[0093] Another method is: during rotary drilling, the loose soil in the hole is discharged from the hole through the bottom opening of the rotary drilling bit 110 by the soil discharge pump 410 through the soil discharge pipe 420, the soil discharge head 230, and the soil discharge ring cover 118 by the negative pressure dry method. During the operation, a pressure sensor is preset in the soil discharge ring cover 118. According to the change of the value detected by the pressure sensor, it is judged whether there is a blockage problem. When a blockage occurs, the double-headed electric cylinder 116 drives the two moving ring plates 115 to approach each other, and the hole wall pressure plate 119 is abutted against the hole wall through the connecting rod. At this time, the electromagnetic plug-in body 114 separates the fixed ring 113 and the rotary drilling bit 110. The winch 311 drives the rotary drill bit 110 to reciprocate up and down for multiple times via the connecting rope 315 or the power element 2 220, and the blockage clearing blade 117 clears the blockage inside the rotary drill bit 110. After the cleaning is completed, the rotary drill bit 110 is reset to the position where the fixed ring 113 and the rotary drill bit 110 are re-aligned, and the electromagnetic plug-in body 114 re-assembles the fixed ring 113 and the rotary drill bit 110. After the double-headed electric cylinder 116 drives the two movable ring plates 115 to move away from each other to the initial position, the power element 110 and the power element 2 220 work again, driving the rotary drill bit 110 to continue the drilling operation;

[0094] Step 3, when the drilling reaches the target depth, ensure that the expansion airbag 242 is in a deflated state, disconnect the circuit of the battery and the charging and exhaust device 241, the winch 311 and / or the power element 220 drive the drill bit assembly 110 upward, and the telescopic drill rod 230 retracts until the rotary drilling drill bit 110 is disengaged from the hole.

[0095] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The replacement may be a replacement of a part of the structure, device, method step, or a complete technical solution. Any equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low clearance rotary drilling rig, characterized in that: include: A drill bit assembly (100), the drill bit assembly (100) comprising a rotary drill bit (110) and a power element one (120), the power element one (120) driving the rotary drill bit (110) to rotate and drill downward; A drill bit lifting assembly (200), the drill bit lifting assembly (200) comprising an end plate (210), the bottom of the end plate (210) being connected to a power element 1 (120), and a power element 2 (220) and a telescopic drill rod (230) being installed on the top of the end plate (210); A drill bit lifting assembly (300), the drill bit lifting assembly (300) comprises a stand (310), a vertically adjustable lifting platform (320) is mounted on the stand (310), and the lifting platform (320) is connected to the top of the telescopic drill rod (230) and the top of the second power element (220); The soil suction and discharge assembly (400) comprises a soil discharge pump (410), a soil discharge pipe (420), and a soil discharge head (430). The soil discharge pump (410) is connected to the soil discharge head (430) via the soil discharge pipe (420), and the soil discharge head (430) is installed on the end plate (210).

2. A low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic drill rod (230) is a four-section telescopic rod with a stretched size of greater than or equal to six meters and a retracted size of less than or equal to 1.3 meters. From top to bottom, the rods are a first-stage drill rod (231), a second-stage drill rod (232), a third-stage drill rod (233), and a fourth-stage drill rod (234). The drill rod size decreases from top to bottom. A slot (236) is provided inside each drill rod section except the fourth-stage drill rod (234). A locking block (235) is provided at the top of each drill rod section except the first-stage drill rod (231). The locking block (235) and the slot (236) are elastically locked and adapted. A soil discharge pipe (420) installation structure is arranged on the outside of each drill rod.

3. The low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second power element (220) is a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, with a flange (221) installed at one end and a lifter (222) installed at the other end. A clamping ring (223) is installed on the lifter (222), and the clamping ring (223) is connected to the four-stage drill rod (234).

4. The low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical frame (310) is provided with a winch (311), a quadrangular frame (312) and a connecting ear (314); the winch (311) is provided at the rear side of the vertical frame (310); the quadrangular frame (312) is fixedly provided at the top of the vertical frame (310) and a pulley block (313) is provided thereon; the connecting ear (314) is provided at the top of the lifting work platform (320); the connecting ear (314) passes through the pulley block (313) on the quadrangular frame (312) via a connecting rope (315) and is connected to the winch (311).

5. The low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling rig further comprises two groups of single-stage hydraulic cylinders (500), which are hinged on the mobile vehicle (600) and have free ends hinged on the rear side of the stand (310), and the working height of the drilling rig does not exceed four meters.

6. The low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side of the four-stage drill pipe (234) is sleeved with an in-hole verticality control component, which includes a fixed sleeve (240). The fixed sleeve (240) is equipped with an air filling and exhaust device (241) and an expansion airbag (242). The air filling and exhaust device (241) controls the expansion airbag (242) to actively expand and contract. A plurality of reinforcement bodies (243) are distributed at equal intervals on the outer side of the expansion airbag (242). Each reinforcement body (243) is slidably fitted on the fixed sleeve (240). A storage battery is embedded in the fixed sleeve (240) to provide electric energy for the air filling and exhaust device (241). An axial slide groove (237) is installed on the outer side of the four-stage drill pipe (234).

7. The low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 6, characterized in that: An elastic trigger member 1 (244) and an elastic trigger member 2 (245) are installed on the inner side of the fixing sleeve (240); the depth of the axial slide groove (237) gradually decreases from top to bottom; an exhaust switch of the inflation and exhaust device (241) is arranged at the top of the axial slide groove (237); and an inflation switch of the inflation and exhaust device (241) is arranged at the bottom; the elastic trigger member 1 (244) and the elastic trigger member 2 (245) are slidably matched in the axial slide groove (237); The elastic trigger member 1 (244) and the elastic trigger member 2 (245) both include a mounting groove, in which a trigger body terminal and an elastic body are slidably matched, the trigger body terminal portion is exposed outside the mounting groove and slidably matched in the axial sliding groove (237), and a U-shaped circuit is arranged in the axial sliding groove (237).

8. The low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing seat (211) is installed on the end plate (210), and two groups of transversely arranged rotating shafts (212) are installed in the fixing seat (211). The output end of the power element 1 (120) forms a transmission match with the rotating shaft (212) via a bevel gear set, and the transmission shaft forms a transmission match with the rotary drill bit (110) via the bevel gear set. A soil crushing blade (213) is installed on the rotating shaft (212), and the soil crushing blade (213) is arranged directly below the soil discharge head (430).

9. The low clearance rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drilling bit (110) has a hollow structure inside and an open structure at the bottom, and the blades include an upper hole-expanding piece (112) and a lower hole-drilling piece (111), the upper hole-expanding piece (112) is circumferentially distributed on the outer side of the rotary drilling bit (110), and the lower hole-drilling piece (111) covers the bottom and outer side of the rotary drilling bit (110); The outer side of the rotary drilling bit (110) is connected to a fixed ring (113) via an electromagnetic socket (114); two movable ring plates (115) and a double-head electric cylinder (116) are mounted on the fixed ring (113) in a sliding fit; the two movable ring plates (115) are respectively connected to corresponding output ends of the double-head electric cylinder (116); and the two movable ring plates (115) are commonly connected to a hole wall pressure plate (119) via a connecting rod; The fixing ring (113) is connected to a blockage clearing blade (117) via a connecting rod, and the blockage clearing blade (117) is located inside the rotary drilling bit (110); The top of the rotary drilling bit (110) is provided with a soil discharge side opening and a soil discharge ring cover (118) with a rotating cover arranged outside the soil discharge side opening, and the soil discharge ring cover (118) is connected to the soil discharge head (430).

10. The construction method of a low-headroom rotary drilling rig is characterized in that: include: Step 1: The mobile vehicle (600) moves the stand (310) to a predetermined drilling position, and two single-stage hydraulic cylinders (500) control the stand (310) to maintain a vertical state; Step 2, the power element 1 (120) drives the rotary drilling bit (110) to rotate, and the power element 2 (220) drives the end plate (210) and the drill bit assembly (100) to move downward, and the rotary drilling operation is performed; During rotary drilling, after the clamping ring (223) drives the four-stage drill rod (234) downward to a set depth, the power element 1 (120) and the power element 2 (220) both stop working, the elastic trigger member 1 (244) moves to the top of the axial slide groove (237) and triggers the exhaust switch, the expansion airbag (242) actively exhausts, and after exhausting, the fixed sleeve (240) moves downward until it reaches the bottom of the axial slide groove (237) and triggers the inflation switch, and after the expansion airbag (242) expands until the outer wall abuts against the hole wall, the power element 1 (120) and the power element 2 (220) are restarted to perform the drilling operation, and the operation is cyclically performed until the hole-forming operation is completed; During rotary drilling, the soil discharge pump (410) discharges the loose soil in the hole through the soil discharge pipe (420) and the soil discharge head (430) in a dry manner; The loose soil in the hole is driven by the rotating shaft (212) to rotate along with the power element (210), thereby driving the soil crushing blade (213) to rotate and further crush the loose soil, thereby preventing the soil discharge head (230) from being blocked; or, During rotary drilling, loose soil in the hole is discharged from the hole through the bottom opening of the rotary drilling bit (110) by the soil discharge pump (410) through the soil discharge pipe (420), the soil discharge head (230) and the soil discharge ring cover (118) under negative pressure dry method. During the operation, a pressure sensor is preset in the soil discharge ring cover (118). Whether there is a blockage problem is determined according to the value change detected by the pressure sensor. When a blockage occurs, the double-head electric cylinder (116) drives the two moving ring plates (115) to approach each other, and the hole wall pressure plate (119) is abutted against the hole wall through the connecting rod. At this time, the electromagnetic plug-in body (114) separates the fixed ring (113) and the rotary drilling bit (110), and the winch (311) The rotary drilling bit (110) is driven to reciprocate up and down for multiple times by the connecting rope (315) or the second power element (220), and the blockage clearing blade (117) clears the blockage inside the rotary drilling bit (110). After the cleaning is completed, the rotary drilling bit (110) is reset to the position where the fixed ring (113) and the rotary drilling bit (110) are re-aligned, and the electromagnetic plug-in body (114) re-assembles the fixed ring (113) and the rotary drilling bit (110). After the double-head electric cylinder (116) drives the two movable ring plates (115) to move away from each other to the initial position, the first power element (110) and the second power element (220) work again, and drive the rotary drilling bit (110) to continue the drilling operation; Step 3, when the rotary drilling reaches the target depth, ensure that the expansion airbag (242) is in a contracted state, disconnect the circuits of the battery and the charging and exhaust device (241), and drive the drill bit assembly (110) upward with the winch (311) and / or the power element 2 (220), and retract the telescopic drill rod (230) until the rotary drilling drill bit (110) is disengaged from the hole.

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