Layered stripping method applied to strip mine bed

Abstract

The invention discloses a layered stripping method applied to an open-pit mine bed. The layered stripping method comprises the following steps: step 1, layered planning and design; according to the form and occurrence of the ore body, the strip mine field is divided into a plurality of mining areas at intervals; step 2, data collection and preprocessing; (S21); data collection: drilling hole sampling is performed in each mining area so as to collect geological exploration data of an open-pit ore deposit; the strip mine field is scientifically and reasonably divided into a plurality of mining areas, and resource waste and potential safety hazards caused by blind mining are avoided. Meanwhile, through the steps of data collection and preprocessing, data exploration, model evaluation and verification, mining optimization and the like, precise mining of the strip mine bed is achieved; and by means of the optimized mining mode, construction equipment can be utilized more efficiently, and the idle time of the equipment is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a layered stripping method applied to an open-pit ore bed, and belongs to the field of mine mining design. Background Art

[0002] Open-pit mining is the main method of mining mineral resources in my country, with the characteristics of large-scale production and good safety. It has many advantages over underground mining, but its disadvantages are also very obvious, that is, a large amount of rock must be stripped while mining ore. Therefore, a preliminary mining design that is technologically advanced, economically reasonable, and safe and reliable is very important for the rational use of mineral resources, land conservation, environmental protection, and economic benefits.

[0003] See also Figure 5 The prior art discloses a method for determining the mining boundary of an open-pit mine with a publication number of CN105275471B, the steps of which are: A. Determine an economically reasonable stripping ratio according to economic rationality; B. Determine the final slope constituent elements of the open-pit mine based on the principles of technical feasibility, safety and reliability, and in accordance with the current design specifications and safety regulations; C. On the topographic geological map and geological profile of the ore deposit serving as the design basis, circle the upper mouth of the final boundary of the open-pit mine along the mining right scope line, and the mining right scope line forms the top line of the first step; D. According to the slope constituent elements of the open-pit mine determined in step B, circle the steps from top to bottom in sequence; E. In the process of delineating the final mining boundary, optimize the mining boundary and arrange the development and transportation system L at the same time; F. Calculate the amount of stratified ore and rock and the average stripping ratio Np within the mining boundary of the open-pit mine.

[0004] This prior art discloses a mining method with an economically reasonable stripping ratio in delineating the final mining boundary, but this technology mainly adopts the method of delineating the second step, the third step ... the Nth step in sequence from top to bottom, and the mining process of the two-way steps needs to be carried out simultaneously, which requires a large amount of construction equipment and has high requirements on the coordination of the construction equipment and the technical level of the construction personnel, resulting in technical problems such as low construction coordination and high mining cost. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a layered stripping method for open-pit mines to solve the problems.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solution: a layered stripping method applied to an open-pit mine, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Layered planning and design: Divide the open-pit mine into several mining areas with spacing according to the shape and occurrence of the ore body;

[0008] Step 2, data collection and preprocessing;

[0009] S21; Data collection, drilling borehole sampling is carried out in each mining area to collect geological exploration data of open pit deposits;

[0010] S22; Data preprocessing, cleaning up outliers in samples, standardizing data, and ensuring data quality;

[0011] Step 3, explore the data;

[0012] S31; Data visualization, drawing a planning diagram between slope depth, slope and slope length;

[0013] S32; Compare simulations and analyze average stripping ratios and mining efficiency indicators under different slopes;

[0014] Step 4: Model evaluation and verification;

[0015] S41; Conduct preliminary mining to verify the accuracy of the simulation by comparing the simulation results with the field monitoring data;

[0016] S42; Using slope safety factor as performance indicator, the higher the safety factor, the more stable the slope;

[0017] S43; verifying the accuracy of the simulation results through on-site monitoring data to carry out phased mining;

[0018] Step 5, optimize mining; according to the simulation results, mining is carried out away from the side of the wellbore to achieve the established mining effect.

[0019] Preferably, in S22, the data is normalized by partitioning the values, with the value partition having the largest proportion.

[0020] Preferably, when performing multi-stage mining, S41 and S42 need to be performed again to achieve the purpose of optimizing mining.

[0021] Preferably, in step 5, when performing phased mining, the wellbore is deepened and the wellbore can be reinforced by relying on existing fixings.

[0022] Preferably, the phased mining is to deepen the depth of the previous mining while maintaining the slope of the previous mining, and to carry out subsequent mining in the mining direction, and to repeat this process so as to form a stepped shape with independent slopes after mining.

[0023] Preferably, the slope safety factor is calculated by the following formula: FS = F1 / F2;

[0024] Where FS is the slope safety factor; F1 is the anti-sliding force, which can be calculated based on the mechanical parameters of the soil and the geometric parameters of the slope; F2 is the sliding moment, which can be calculated by the number of soil stratifications and the external load limit equilibrium method.

[0025] Preferably, the minimum threshold value of the slope safety factor is defined based on historical mining data.

[0026] Preferably, the slope length is defined based on the slope safety factor.

[0027] Beneficial Effects

[0028] The present invention scientifically and reasonably divides the open-pit mine into several mining areas through hierarchical planning and design, thus avoiding the waste of resources and potential safety hazards caused by blind mining. At the same time, through the steps of data collection and preprocessing, data exploration, model evaluation and verification, and optimized mining, the precise mining of open-pit deposits is realized; the optimized mining method also enables the construction equipment to be used more efficiently, reducing the idle time of equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical planning and design of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of primary mining of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of secondary mining of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of N-times mining of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of mining using prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0036] A layered stripping method applied to an open-pit mine comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Layered planning and design; see Figure 1According to the shape and occurrence of the ore body, the open-pit mine is divided into 4 mining areas S with intervals; this step divides the open-pit mine into several mining areas S scientifically and reasonably according to the shape and occurrence of the ore body; such layered planning and design is conducive to the orderly progress of subsequent mining work and avoids the waste of resources and safety hazards caused by blind mining; at the same time, through the division with intervals, it can ensure that the mutual influence between the mining areas S is minimized, which is conducive to the realization of efficient and safe mining; at the same time, it avoids the disadvantages of too large a cross-zone and the need to transfer construction equipment across zones.

[0038] Step 2, data collection and preprocessing;

[0039] S21; data collection, drilling borehole 1 sampling in each mining area S to collect geological exploration data of the open-pit deposit;

[0040] S22; Data preprocessing, cleaning up outliers in samples, standardizing data, and ensuring data quality; data standardization involves partitioning values, with the value partitions accounting for the largest proportion; such data include but are not limited to data in the fields of civil engineering and geological engineering such as the proportion of mineral metals and land cohesion.

[0041] Data collection is the basis of the entire layered stripping method. By sampling boreholes in each mining area, geological exploration data of open-pit deposits can be obtained; data preprocessing is to clean and standardize the collected data to ensure the quality and accuracy of the data; the completion of this step provides reliable data support for subsequent data analysis and simulation.

[0042] Step 3, explore the data;

[0043] S31; Data visualization, draw a planning diagram between the slope depth H2, slope a and slope length H1 according to the data obtained in step 2; wherein the slope depth refers to the vertical height between the highest point and the lowest point formed during the mining process of the open-pit ore deposit; in layered stripping, it is worth mentioning that the determination of the slope depth H2 needs to consider the morphology, occurrence and mining conditions of the ore body to ensure the safety and efficiency of mining. The slope a refers to the inclination of the slope. The size of the slope a directly affects the stripping ratio, mining efficiency and stability of the slope during the mining process. In layered stripping, by comparing and simulating the average stripping ratio and mining efficiency indicators under different slopes, the mining plan can be optimized and the mining efficiency can be improved. The slope length H1 refers to the slope length after the slope a is defined. The determination of the slope length H1 needs to consider the safety factor and stability requirements of the slope. In layered stripping, the slope length is usually defined based on the slope safety factor to ensure the stability of the slope during the mining process.

[0044] S32; comparative simulation, analyzing the average stripping ratio and mining efficiency index under different slopes a according to the data obtained in step 2; wherein the average stripping ratio and mining efficiency index obtained can refer to the comparative document announcement number: CN105275471B, a method for determining the mining boundary of an open-pit mine, which belongs to the prior art and will not be described in detail here;

[0045] This step visualizes and compares the collected data to intuitively construct the relationship between slope depth H2, slope a and slope length H1, as well as the average stripping ratio and mining efficiency index under different slopes a. This data exploration process helps to discover potential problems and optimization points in the successive mining process, providing strong data support for subsequent optimized mining.

[0046] Step 4: Model evaluation and verification;

[0047] S41; Conduct preliminary mining to verify the accuracy of the simulation by comparing the simulation results with the field monitoring data; for details, see Figure 2 , first conduct the first mining, and rely on the data obtained from the first mining to verify the accuracy of the comparative simulation;

[0048] S42; using the slope safety factor as a performance indicator, the higher the safety factor, the more stable the slope; the slope safety factor is calculated by the following formula: FS = F1 / F2;

[0049] Wherein FS is the slope safety factor; F1 is the anti-sliding force, which can be calculated based on the mechanical parameters of the soil and the geometric parameters of the slope; F2 is the sliding moment, which can be calculated by the number of soil stratifications and the external load limit equilibrium method; the minimum threshold of the slope safety factor is defined based on historical mining data; the above-mentioned F1 and F2 are commonly used calculation methods in the existing civil engineering and geological engineering fields, so they will not be repeated in this manual again.

[0050] S43; verifying the accuracy of the simulation results through on-site monitoring data to carry out phased mining; specifically, when the data obtained by the first mining is verified to match the simulation results, secondary mining is carried out. Preferably, when the secondary mining is carried out, S41 and S42 need to be carried out again to achieve the purpose of optimizing mining;

[0051] This step verifies the accuracy of the comparative simulation by conducting preliminary mining and comparing the simulation results with the on-site monitoring data. The completion of this step can ensure the reliability and practicality of the simulation results. At the same time, using the slope safety factor as a performance indicator can intuitively evaluate the stability of the slope and provide safety guarantees for subsequent mining work; verifying the accuracy of the simulation results through on-site monitoring data can also provide a scientific basis for phased mining.

[0052] Step 5, optimizing mining: according to the simulation results, mining is performed away from the side of the wellbore 1 to achieve the predetermined mining effect;

[0053] See also Figure 2-3 , when the secondary mining is carried out, the wellbore 1 is deepened, and the wellbore 1 can be reinforced by relying on the existing fixings; at the same time, during the secondary mining, mining is carried out along the node A toward the side of the wellbore 1, during which the first mining is layered 2, so that the layers in the secondary mining are gradually excavated, so as to maintain the slope a of the previous mining while deepening the depth of the previous mining, wherein the layer depth is agreed upon based on the construction period and equipment;

[0054] See also Figure 4 After completing the secondary mining, subsequent mining is carried out in the mining direction, and this process is repeated to form an independent step shape with a slope a after mining. The reason for the independent step shape is that the predetermined slope depth H2, slope a and slope length H1 may be different each time mining is carried out.

[0055] In this step, mining is performed away from the side of the wellbore 1 according to the simulation results to achieve the intended mining effect. Such an optimized mining method can avoid damage to the wellbore 1 and the surrounding area, ensuring the safety of mining. At the same time, by mining in batches and gradually deepening the wellbore 1, the ore body can be mined gradually and efficiently. During the mining process, the mining plan can also be adjusted and optimized according to the actual situation to achieve the best mining effect.

[0056] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved.

[0057] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A layered stripping method applied to an open-pit mine, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Layered planning and design: Divide the open-pit mine into several mining areas with spacing according to the shape and occurrence of the ore body; Step 2, data collection and preprocessing; S21； Data collection, drilling borehole sampling in each mining area to collect geological exploration data of open pit deposits; S22； Data preprocessing: cleaning outliers in samples, standardizing data, and ensuring data quality; Step 3, explore the data; S31; Data visualization, drawing a planning diagram between slope depth, slope and slope length; S32; Compare simulations and analyze average stripping ratios and mining efficiency indicators under different slopes; Step 4: Model evaluation and verification; S41; Conduct preliminary mining to verify the accuracy of the simulation by comparing the simulation results with the field monitoring data; S42； Using slope safety factor as a performance indicator, a higher safety factor indicates a more stable slope; S43； Verify the accuracy of simulation results through field monitoring data to conduct phased mining; Step 5, optimize mining; according to the simulation results, mining is carried out away from the side of the wellbore to achieve the established mining effect.

2. A layered stripping method for open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S22, the data is normalized by partitioning the values, with the value partition accounting for the largest proportion.

3. The layered stripping method for open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: When conducting phased mining, S41 and S42 need to be performed again to achieve the purpose of optimizing mining.

4. The layered stripping method for open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the wellbore is deepened during the phased mining, and the wellbore can be reinforced by relying on the existing fixings.

5. A layered stripping method for open-pit mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stepwise mining is to deepen the depth of the previous mining while maintaining the slope of the previous mining, and to carry out subsequent mining in the mining direction, and to repeat this process so that a step-like shape with independent slopes is formed after mining.

6. The layered stripping method for open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope safety factor is calculated by the following formula: FS = F1 / F2; Where FS is the slope safety factor; F1 is the anti-sliding force, which can be calculated based on the mechanical parameters of the soil and the geometric parameters of the slope; F2 is the sliding moment, which can be calculated by the number of soil stratifications and the external load limit equilibrium method.

7. A layered stripping method for open-pit mines according to claim 6, characterized in that: The minimum threshold of the slope safety factor is defined based on historical mining data.

8. A layered stripping method for open-pit mines according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slope length is defined based on the slope safety factor.

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