Reaction torque device, chambering type vertical shaft heading machine and operation method of chambering type vertical shaft heading machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a reaction torque device, a chambering type vertical shaft heading machine and an operation method thereof.The reaction torque device comprises a support and a supporting frame, supporting rods are symmetrically and fixedly installed on the outer wall of the supporting frame, the supporting rods are installed on the support through spherical sliding bearings, the reaction torque device further comprises an adjusting ring, and the outer circumferential surface of the adjusting ring is an arc-shaped surface; the arc-shaped surface is connected with a center hole of the supporting frame in a matched mode through a spherical pair, an annular groove is formed in the center hole of the supporting frame, annular teeth are arranged in the annular groove in the circumferential direction, crowned teeth are arranged on the arc-shaped surface in the circumferential direction, and the crowned teeth are located in the annular groove and meshed with the annular teeth; an axial sliding structure is arranged in an inner hole of the adjusting ring. Through the structure, the main shaft can rotate, the main shaft is allowed to slide up and down, and the main shaft can swing at any angle, so that the flexibility of up-down movement of the main shaft is improved, and meanwhile, conditions are provided for adjustment of the tunneling posture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of shaft construction equipment, and in particular to an anti-torque device, a hole-expanding shaft boring machine and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, deep earth development has gradually become a new frontier of domestic scientific and technological innovation and industry development. Vertical shafts are the throat passages to enter deep earth space. A number of deep vertical shaft excavation projects represented by resource mineral mining and pumped storage power station construction have emerged. The traditional drilling and blasting method has a harsh working environment and high labor intensity for workers, making it difficult to adapt to the development of efficient, safe, green and intelligent construction technology. The deep vertical shaft full-section tunnel boring machine uses mechanical rock breaking instead of blasting rock breaking to realize intelligent mechanical well drilling, freeing workers from the harsh shaft construction environment. It is the dream of well construction researchers and the development direction of well construction technology. It can be seen that the research and development of deep vertical shaft hard rock full-section vertical shaft tunnel boring machines is a key link in realizing the development of deep earth space and has great strategic significance.

[0003] However, in the past few years of development of shaft boring machines, there are still many problems and challenges in equipment innovation and construction. For example, it is difficult for the equipment to adjust its excavation posture during excavation, and it is difficult for the equipment platform and other supporting equipment to be effectively and stably supported when changing steps. In the event of complex geology, water gushing and other emergencies below the excavation, the equipment cannot be retracted.

[0004] Chinese patent CN114278305B, published (announcement) date: 2024.09.20, discloses a hole-expanding vertical shaft boring machine and its construction method, wherein the hole-expanding vertical shaft boring machine includes a cutterhead, a main drive structure and a main beam. The main drive structure is connected to the cutterhead and can drive the cutterhead to rotate, and the lower end of the main beam is fixedly connected to the main drive structure. A support platform and a support shoe propulsion mechanism arranged up and down are also provided on the main beam, and a pipe segment assembly machine is provided on the support platform. Its advantages are only that: it solves the problems of poor working conditions, high labor intensity and slow construction progress of traditional shaft construction. In the case of a known guide shaft, it can drill and excavate the well at one time and complete the well wall lining simultaneously; its shortcomings are: first: its arc block component structure cannot meet the swinging of the main beam at any angle; second: it is difficult for the equipment to adjust the excavation posture during excavation; third: it is impossible to achieve equipment retraction. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the current technical problems, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an anti-torque device, a hole-enlarging shaft boring machine and an operating method thereof, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an anti-torque device, including a support and a support frame, the outer wall of the support frame is symmetrically fixedly installed with a support rod, the support rod is installed on the support through a spherical sliding bearing, and also includes an adjustment ring, the outer circumferential surface of the adjustment ring is an arc surface, the arc surface and the center hole of the support frame are connected by a spherical pair, an annular groove is arranged in the center hole of the support frame, annular teeth are arranged in the annular groove along the circumferential direction, and drum teeth are arranged on the arc surface along the circumferential direction, the drum teeth are located in the annular groove and meshed with the annular teeth; the inner hole of the adjustment ring is provided with an axial sliding structure, and in the use state, the adjustment ring is radially limited to the main shaft of the tunnel boring machine through the axial sliding structure, and is connected with the axial sliding fit.

[0007] The support frame comprises a bracket, a limiting seat is fixedly installed in the center hole of the bracket, the annular groove is located in the center hole of the limiting seat, and an upper cover is installed on the upper side of the limiting seat by bolts.

[0008] The axial sliding structure is a plurality of guide blocks installed in the inner hole of the adjusting ring, a slide groove is arranged on the guide block, a sliding block is axially arranged on the outer wall of the main shaft, and the sliding block is slidably matched and connected with the slide groove of the guide block.

[0009] A hole-enlarging vertical shaft boring machine comprises a main drive device, a cutterhead, a support system and an equipment platform. The cutterhead is installed at one end of the main drive device, and the support system is installed at the other end. It also includes an anti-torque device, which is installed at an end of the support system away from the main drive device through a support. The main shaft is installed on the main drive device, and the main shaft passes through the inner hole of the adjustment ring.

[0010] The cutter disc comprises an upper cutter body and a lower cutter body, the upper cutter body and the lower cutter body are detachably connected to each other, and the operating lines of the upper cutter body and the lower cutter body form an angle a of 160° to 175°.

[0011] The upper blade body and the lower blade body are respectively assembled from at least two lobes which can be detachably assembled. The operating diameter of the blade disc can be adjusted by radially adjusting the positions of the lobes of the upper blade body and the lower blade body.

[0012] The equipment platform includes a lower platform, pillars and an upper platform, at least three pillars are fixedly installed on the lower platform, a recess is provided on the top of the pillar, a convex seat is provided on the lower side of the upper platform at a position corresponding to the pillar, and the upper platform is detachably connected to the recess through the convex seat; a telescopic ladder and a slag chute are also installed between the lower platform and the upper platform, and an accordion-type slag chute is installed on the slag chute.

[0013] At least three stabilizers are evenly distributed in a ring on the outer wall of the main driving device, and the stabilizer includes an extension seat, a lifting seat and a third oil cylinder. One end of the extension seat is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the main driving device, and the other end is slidably and telescopically installed with the lifting seat. The third oil cylinder is located inside the extension seat and the lifting seat, and one end of the third oil cylinder is connected to the extension seat, and the other end is connected to the lifting seat.

[0014] The support system comprises an upper support mechanism, a lifting cylinder, a lower support mechanism, a main push cylinder and an auxiliary cylinder. The upper support mechanism and the lower support mechanism are respectively mounted on the outside of the main shaft, the anti-torque device is installed on the upper support mechanism, and the lower support mechanism is located between the upper support mechanism and the main drive device. The upper support mechanism comprises an upper support ring seat, at least three upper support sleeves are evenly distributed and radially installed on the outer side of the upper support ring seat, an upper telescopic rod is slidably installed in the upper support sleeve, an upper support shoe is fixedly connected to the upper telescopic rod, and first oil cylinders are respectively installed on both sides of the upper support shoe, one end of the first oil cylinder is connected to the upper support shoe, and the other end is connected to the upper support ring seat; a plurality of lifting oil cylinders are provided, one end of the lifting oil cylinder is connected to the upper support ring seat, and the other end passes through the lower support mechanism and is connected to one end of the main shaft near the main drive device; The lower supporting mechanism comprises a lower supporting ring seat, at least three lower supporting sleeves are evenly distributed in an annular manner and radially installed on the outer side of the lower supporting ring seat, a lower telescopic rod is slidably installed in the lower supporting sleeve, a lower support shoe is fixedly connected to the lower telescopic rod, and a second oil cylinder is respectively installed on both sides of the lower support shoe, one end of the second oil cylinder is connected to the lower support shoe, and the other end is connected to the lower supporting ring seat; the main pushing oil cylinder and the auxiliary oil cylinder are respectively provided with a plurality of them, one end of the main pushing oil cylinder is rotatably pinned to the inner hole of the lower supporting ring seat, and the other end is rotatably pinned to one end of the main shaft close to the main driving device, and one end of the auxiliary oil cylinder is rotatably pinned to the bottom of the lower support shoe, and the other end is rotatably pinned to one end of the main shaft close to the main driving device.

[0015] An operation method adopts the aforementioned hole-enlarging shaft boring machine for shaft operation, and the operation method includes a boring step, a step-changing step, and a retreat step, wherein: The excavation steps include: The main drive device drives the cutter head to rotate, and the piston rods of the main push cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder extend correspondingly to provide a certain thrust for the cutter head to move downward. During this process, the first cylinder and the second cylinder extend to provide thrust to tighten the upper support shoe and the lower support shoe on the well wall synchronously. The third cylinder of the stabilizer extends and tightens the well wall at the same time to stabilize the main drive device. The anti-torque device offsets the torque transmitted to the main shaft by the main drive device. At this time, the upper support mechanism and the lower support mechanism are tightened at the same time to offset the vibration and impact of the equipment during the excavation process to the maximum extent. During the excavation process, the excavation posture is adjusted by controlling the extension length of each auxiliary cylinder. The step-change steps include: After the cutterhead has made one stroke of excavation, the lower support shoe of the lower support mechanism retracts under the pulling force of the second cylinder. At this time, the upper support shoe remains in a tightened state, and the main push cylinder and the auxiliary cylinder retract to drive the lower support mechanism to move downward for one excavation stroke. During this process, the lifting cylinder extends its piston rod with it. After the movement is completed, the lower support shoe is tightened again under the thrust of the second cylinder, and then the upper support shoe retracts under the action of the first cylinder. The retraction of the lifting cylinder drives the upper support mechanism, the anti-torque device and the equipment platform to move downward for one excavation stroke, and the step change is completed; The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The anti-torque device provided by the present invention can rotate the main shaft and allow the main shaft to slide up and down. By being able to satisfy the main shaft to swing at any angle, the flexibility of the main shaft moving up and down is improved, and conditions are also provided for adjusting the excavation posture.

[0016] 2. The present invention provides an upper cutter body with a large taper structure, which is convenient for the crushed slag to slide into the guide shaft, ensuring that the slag sliding surface will not be retained or blocked by slag. The lower cutter body adopts a smaller taper to ensure that the excavation surface can slide slag by itself while also taking into account the economy of the roller arrangement. At the same time, the smaller taper structure of the lower cutter body facilitates alignment with the guide shaft.

[0017] 3. The present invention provides a method of adjusting the operating diameter of the cutter disc by radially adjusting the positions of the petals of the upper cutter body and the lower cutter body, so that one cutter disc can meet the sizes of different shafts, thereby improving the applicability of the cutter disc.

[0018] 4. The present invention provides that when the excavation speed is fast, in order to coordinate the problem of the asynchronous excavation of the shaft boring machine and the spraying of anchors, the equipment platform is suspended by the lifting equipment at the top of the shaft, and the connecting bolts between the recess and the protrusion are removed, and then the equipment body can continue to excavate downward, so that the excavation of the shaft boring machine and the spraying of anchors are constructed separately without interfering with each other, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the shaft boring machine. When the excavation speed is high, the upper platform is positioned on the recess of the pillar through the protrusion, and is fixed by the installation bolts to achieve synchronous movement.

[0019] 5. The present invention provides that at least three stabilizers are evenly distributed in an annular manner on the outer wall of the main driving device to improve the stability of the main driving device during operation and to assist in adjusting the excavation posture.

[0020] 6. The support system provided by the present invention includes an upper support mechanism, a lifting cylinder, a lower support mechanism, a main push cylinder and an auxiliary cylinder. The upper support mechanism and the lower support mechanism are respectively mounted on the outside of the main shaft, the anti-torque device is installed on the upper support mechanism, and the lower support mechanism is located between the upper support mechanism and the main drive device to realize the excavation, step change, retreat and excavation posture adjustment of the tunnel boring machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the main drive device, cutter disc, upper support mechanism, lower support mechanism and anti-torque device of the main machine part of the present invention. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the upper support mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the lower support mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of installing an anti-torque device on the upper support mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the top view structure.

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the anti-torque device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle.

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the equipment platform of the present invention before it is separated.

[0030] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the equipment platform of the present invention after being separated.

[0031] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support column of the equipment platform of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the front structural view of the cutter disc of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the BB cross-section structure.

[0034] Fig.14 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the cutter disc adjusting the working diameter of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals: Main driving device 100, slider 111, stabilizer 120, extension seat 121, lifting seat 122, third oil cylinder 123; Cutter disc 200, upper cutter body 210, lower cutter body 220, mounting hole plate 230, positioning pin 240, bolt 250; Upper support mechanism 300, upper support ring seat 301, upper support sleeve 302, upper telescopic rod 303, upper support shoe 304, first oil cylinder 305, lifting oil cylinder 310; Lower support mechanism 400, lower support ring seat 401, lower support sleeve 402, lower telescopic rod 403, lower support shoe 404, second oil cylinder 405, main push oil cylinder 410, auxiliary oil cylinder 420; Anti-torque device 500, support 510, spherical sliding bearing 511, support frame 520, limit seat 521, ring gear 522, upper cover 523, bracket 524, ring groove 525, support rod 530, adjustment ring 540, arc surface 541, drum-shaped gear 542, guide block 550; Equipment platform 600, lower platform 610, pillar 620, recess 621, truss 622, upper platform 630, protrusion 631, telescopic ladder 640, slag channel 650, accordion slag pipe 651; Shaft 700. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1: See also Figure 5-8The present invention provides an anti-torque device 500, including a support 510 and a support frame 520, wherein a support rod 530 is symmetrically fixedly installed on the outer wall of the support frame 520, and the support rod 530 is installed on the support 510 through a spherical sliding bearing 511, and further comprises an adjusting ring 540, wherein the outer circumferential surface of the adjusting ring 540 is an arcuate surface 541, and the arcuate surface 541 is connected with the center hole of the support frame 520 through a spherical pair, and an annular groove 525 is arranged in the center hole of the support frame 520, and an annular tooth 522 is arranged in the annular groove 525 along the circumferential direction, and a drum-shaped tooth 542 is arranged in the annular groove 525 and meshes with the annular tooth 522; the inner hole of the adjusting ring 540 is provided with an axial sliding structure, and in the use state, the adjusting ring 540 is radially limited with the main shaft 110 of the tunnel boring machine through the axial sliding structure, and is connected with the axial sliding fit. Through the above structure, the main shaft 110 can be rotated and allowed to slide up and down. By allowing the main shaft to swing at any angle, the flexibility of the main shaft 110 moving up and down is improved, and conditions are also provided for adjusting the excavation posture.

[0038] In this embodiment, the swing angle of the main shaft 110 is ±5°, that is, it can swing 5° to one side and then swing 5° to the opposite direction. The swing angle of the main shaft 110 can also be changed according to actual needs.

[0039] See also Figure 8 The support frame 520 includes a bracket 524, a limit seat 521 is fixedly installed in the center hole of the bracket 524, an annular groove 525 is located in the center hole of the limit seat 521, and an upper cover 523 is installed on the upper side of the limit seat 521 by bolts. The assembled structure is easy to manufacture. Each part is made separately and then assembled.

[0040] See also Figure 6 The axial sliding structure is a plurality of guide blocks 550 installed in the inner hole of the adjusting ring 540, and a slide groove is provided on the guide block 550. A slider 111 is axially provided on the outer wall of the spindle 110, and the slider 111 is slidably connected with the slide groove of the guide block 550. In this embodiment, the slide groove is a V-shaped groove, and the slider 111 is longitudinally welded or bolted to the trapezoidal block on the outer wall of the spindle 110.

[0041] In addition to the above-mentioned structure, the axial sliding structure may also adopt a spline pair structure.

[0042] Embodiment 2: Based on Example 1, see Figure 1 , 2A hole-enlarging vertical shaft boring machine includes a main drive device 100, a cutter head 200, a support system and an equipment platform 600. The cutter head 200 is installed at one end of the main drive device 100, and the support system is installed at the other end. It also includes the anti-torque device 500. The anti-torque device 500 is installed at one end of the support system away from the main drive device 100 through a support 510. The main shaft 110 is installed on the main drive device 100, and the main shaft 110 passes through the inner hole of the adjustment ring 540.

[0043] The main drive device 100 is used to drive the cutter head 200 to rotate, and the cutter head 200 is used to dig and open holes. The support system is used to support and move the main drive device 100, the cutter head 200 and the equipment platform 600. The equipment platform 600 is used to install auxiliary equipment and perform support operations for the shaft.

[0044] See also Fig.12 , 13 The cutter head 200 includes an upper cutter body 210 and a lower cutter body 220, which are detachably connected to each other, and the operating lines of the upper cutter body 210 and the lower cutter body 220 form an angle a of 160° to 175°. The upper cutter body 210 adopts a large taper structure, which facilitates the crushed slag to slide into the guide shaft, ensuring that there will be no slag retention or slag blockage on the slag sliding surface. The lower cutter body 220 adopts a smaller taper, which ensures that the excavation surface can slide slag by itself while taking into account the economy of the hob arrangement. At the same time, the smaller taper structure of the lower cutter body 220 facilitates alignment with the guide shaft.

[0045] In this embodiment, see Fig.13 The ends of the upper blade body 210 and the lower blade body 220 that are connected to each other are respectively provided with mounting hole plates 230 , and the mounting hole plates 230 on both sides are connected and fixed by positioning pins 240 and bolts 250 .

[0046] Further, see Fig.14 The upper blade body 210 and the lower blade body 220 are respectively assembled from at least two detachable petals, and the operating diameter of the blade disc 200 can be adjusted by radially adjusting the positions of the petals of the upper blade body 210 and the lower blade body 220.

[0047] In this embodiment, see Fig.14 The upper blade body 210 and the lower blade body 220 are respectively assembled from two halves, and the two halves of the upper blade body 210 and the lower blade body 220 are installed in a radially staggered manner, so that the operating diameter of the cutter disc 200 can be adjusted, so that one cutter disc 200 can meet the sizes of different shafts, thereby improving the applicability of the cutter disc 200.

[0048] In this embodiment, a mounting hole plate 230 is also provided between the two halves of the upper blade body 210 and the lower blade body 220 , and the mounting hole plates 230 on both sides are connected and fixed by positioning pins 240 and bolts 250 .

[0049] Embodiment 3: When the shaft encounters good surrounding rock during excavation, the excavation speed is faster, and the spraying and anchoring construction on the upper equipment platform 600 is slower than the excavation speed. In order to coordinate the excavation of the shaft boring machine and the spraying and anchoring are not synchronized, based on Example 2, see Fig. 9 , 10 11. The equipment platform 600 includes a lower platform 610, pillars 620 and an upper platform 630. At least three pillars 620 are fixedly installed on the lower platform 610. A recess 621 is arranged on the top of the pillar 620. A convex seat 631 is arranged on the lower side of the upper platform 630 at a position corresponding to the pillar 620. The upper platform 630 is detachably connected to the recess 621 through the convex seat 631. A telescopic ladder 640 and a slag chute 650 are also installed between the lower platform 610 and the upper platform 630. An accordion-type slag chute pipe 651 is installed on the slag chute 650.

[0050] When the excavation speed is fast, in order to coordinate the problem of the asynchronous excavation of the shaft boring machine and the spraying of anchors, the equipment platform 600 is suspended by the lifting equipment at the top of the shaft, and the connecting bolts between the recess 621 and the protrusion 631 are removed. Then the main body of the equipment can continue to excavate downward, and the telescopic ladder 640 and the slag channel 650 are extended. Fig.10 As shown, the shaft boring machine excavation and shotcrete anchoring can be carried out separately without interfering with each other, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the shaft boring machine.

[0051] When the excavation speed is slow, the upper platform 630 is positioned on the recessed seat 621 of the support 620 through the protruding seat 631 and then fixed with the mounting bolts to achieve synchronous movement.

[0052] In this embodiment, see Fig.11 In order to improve the stability of the support column 620 , the upper sides of the four support columns 620 are connected to each other by a truss 622 .

[0053] Embodiment 3: In this embodiment, see Figure 2At least three stabilizers 120 are evenly distributed in an annular manner on the outer wall of the main drive device 100. The stabilizer 120 includes an extension seat 121, a lifting seat 122 and a third oil cylinder 123. One end of the extension seat 121 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the main drive device 100, and the other end is slidably and telescopically mounted with the lifting seat 122. The third oil cylinder 123 is located inside the extension seat 121 and the lifting seat 122. One end of the third oil cylinder 123 is connected to the extension seat 121, and the other end is connected to the lifting seat 122. Through the above structure, the stability of the main drive device 100 during operation is improved, and it can be used to assist in adjusting the excavation posture.

[0054] When in use, the excavation angle of the cutter head 200 is adjusted by controlling the extension and contraction length of the third oil cylinder 123 on each stabilizer 120, thereby adjusting the excavation posture.

[0055] Embodiment 4: In this embodiment, see Figure 2 , 3 4. The support system includes an upper support mechanism 300, a lifting cylinder 310, a lower support mechanism 400, a main push cylinder 410 and an auxiliary cylinder 420. The upper support mechanism 300 and the lower support mechanism 400 are respectively mounted on the outside of the main shaft 110, the anti-torque device 500 is installed on the upper support mechanism 300, and the lower support mechanism 400 is located between the upper support mechanism 300 and the main drive device 100; The upper support mechanism 300 includes an upper support ring seat 301, at least three upper support sleeves 302 are evenly distributed and radially installed on the outer side of the upper support ring seat 301, an upper telescopic rod 303 is slidably installed in the upper support sleeve 302, an upper support shoe 304 is fixedly connected to the upper telescopic rod 303, and first oil cylinders 305 are respectively installed on both sides of the upper support shoe 304, one end of the first oil cylinder 305 is connected to the upper support shoe 304, and the other end is connected to the upper support ring seat 301; a plurality of lifting oil cylinders 310 are provided, one end of the lifting oil cylinder 310 is connected to the upper support ring seat 301, and the other end passes through the lower support mechanism 400 and is connected to one end of the main shaft 110 near the main drive device 100; The lower support mechanism 400 includes a lower support ring seat 401, and at least three lower support sleeves 402 are evenly distributed in an annular manner and radially installed on the outer side of the lower support ring seat 401. A lower telescopic rod 403 is slidably installed in the lower support sleeve 402, and a lower support shoe 404 is fixedly connected to the lower telescopic rod 403. Second oil cylinders 405 are also installed on both sides of the lower support shoe 404, one end of the second oil cylinder 405 is connected to the lower support shoe 404, and the other end is connected to the lower support ring seat 401; the main push cylinder 410 and the auxiliary oil cylinder 420 are respectively provided with multiple ones, one end of the main push cylinder 410 is rotatably pinned to the inner hole of the lower support ring seat 401, and the other end is rotatably pinned to one end of the main shaft 110 close to the main drive device 100, and one end of the auxiliary oil cylinder 420 is rotatably pinned to the bottom of the lower support shoe 404, and the other end is rotatably pinned to one end of the main shaft 110 close to the main drive device 100. Through the above structure, the tunneling, step changing, retreating and tunneling posture adjustment of the tunnel boring machine are realized.

[0056] Embodiment 5: An operation method adopts the hole-enlarging shaft boring machine for shaft operation. The operation method includes a boring step, a step-changing step and a retreat step.

[0057] The excavation steps include: The main drive device 100 drives the cutter head 200 to rotate, and the piston rods of the main push cylinder 410 and the auxiliary cylinder 420 extend correspondingly to provide a certain thrust for the cutter head 200 to advance downward. During this process, the first cylinder 305 and the second cylinder 405 extend to provide thrust to synchronously tighten the upper support shoe 304 and the lower support shoe 404 on the well wall, and the third cylinder 123 of the stabilizer 120 extends and tightens the well wall at the same time to stabilize the main drive device 100, and the anti-torque device 500 offsets the torque transmitted to the main shaft 110 by the main drive device 100; at this time, the upper support mechanism 300 and the lower support mechanism 400 are tightened at the same time to offset the vibration and impact of the equipment during the excavation process to the maximum extent; during the excavation process, the excavation posture is adjusted by coordinating and controlling the extension length of the main push cylinder 410, the auxiliary cylinder 420 and the third cylinder 123.

[0058] The step-change steps include: After the cutter head 200 has advanced one stroke, the lower support shoe 404 of the lower support mechanism 400 retracts under the pulling force of the second cylinder 405. At this time, the upper support shoe 304 remains in a tightened state, and the main push cylinder 410 and the auxiliary cylinder 420 retract to drive the lower support mechanism 400 to move downward for an excavation stroke. During this process, the lifting cylinder 310 extends its piston rod with it. After the movement is completed, the lower support shoe 404 is tightened again under the thrust of the second cylinder 405, and then the upper support shoe 304 retracts under the action of the first cylinder 305. The retraction of the lifting cylinder 310 drives the upper support mechanism 300, the anti-torque device 500 and the equipment platform 600 to move downward for an excavation stroke, and the step change is completed.

[0059] The fallback steps include: When the whole machine starts to retreat, the lower support shoe 404 is kept in a tightened state under the action of the second oil cylinder 405, and the stabilizer 120 simultaneously tightens the well wall. At this time, the upper support shoe 304 retracts under the action of the first oil cylinder 305, and then the lifting cylinder 310 extends to apply a lifting force to the upper support mechanism 300 and the equipment platform 600. After a stroke of ascent, the upper support shoe 304 is tightened under the action of the first oil cylinder 305, and the lower support shoe 404 retracts under the action of the second oil cylinder 405, and the lower support mechanism 4 00 rises under the thrust of the main push cylinder 410 and the auxiliary cylinder 420. After lifting a stroke, the lower support shoe 404 is tightened by the second cylinder 405. At this time, the upper support mechanism 300 and the lower support mechanism 400 are tightened at the same time, and the lifting cylinder 310 extends and retracts, providing an upward pulling force for the main drive device 100, the cutter disc 200 and the main shaft 110. The main push cylinder 410 and the auxiliary cylinder 420 can assist in providing pulling force at this time, so that the main machine can complete the retreat as a whole.

[0060] When the excavation speed is fast, in order to coordinate the problem of the asynchronous excavation of the shaft boring machine and the spraying of anchors, the equipment platform 600 is suspended by the lifting equipment at the top of the shaft, and the connecting bolts between the recess 621 and the protrusion 631 are removed. Then the main body of the equipment can continue to excavate downward, and the telescopic ladder 640 and the slag channel 650 are extended. Fig.10 As shown, the shaft boring machine excavation and shotcrete anchoring can be carried out separately without interfering with each other, which is beneficial to improving the working efficiency of the shaft boring machine.

[0061] When the excavation speed is slow, the upper platform 630 is positioned on the recessed seat 621 of the support 620 through the protruding seat 631 and then fixed with the mounting bolts to achieve synchronous movement.

[0062] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in the technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anti-torque device (500), comprising a support (510) and a support frame (520), wherein a support rod (530) is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the support frame (520), and the support rod (530) is mounted on the support (510) via a spherical sliding bearing (511), characterized in that: It also includes an adjustment ring (540), the outer circumferential surface of the adjustment ring (540) is an arcuate surface (541), the arcuate surface (541) is connected to the center hole of the support frame (520) through a spherical pair, an annular groove (525) is arranged in the center hole of the support frame (520), an annular tooth (522) is arranged in the annular groove (525) along the circumferential direction, and a drum-shaped tooth (542) is arranged in the arcuate surface (541) along the circumferential direction, and the drum-shaped tooth (542) is located in the annular groove (525) and meshes with the annular tooth (522); the inner hole of the adjustment ring (540) is provided with an axial sliding structure, and in a use state, the adjustment ring (540) is radially limited with the main shaft (110) of the tunnel boring machine through the axial sliding structure, and is connected to the main shaft (110) of the tunnel boring machine through an axial sliding fit.

2. The anti-torque device (500) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (520) comprises a bracket (524), a limit seat (521) is fixedly installed in the center hole of the bracket (524), the annular groove (525) is located in the center hole of the limit seat (521), and an upper cover (523) is installed on the upper side of the limit seat (521) by bolts.

3. The anti-torque device (500) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial sliding structure comprises a plurality of guide blocks (550) mounted in the inner hole of the adjusting ring (540), wherein a slide groove is provided on the guide block (550), and a sliding block (111) is axially provided on the outer wall of the main shaft (110), wherein the sliding block (111) is slidably matched and connected with the slide groove of the guide block (550).

4. A hole-enlarging vertical shaft boring machine, comprising a main drive device (100), a cutterhead (200), a support system and an equipment platform (600), wherein the cutterhead (200) is mounted on one end of the main drive device (100) and the support system is mounted on the other end, characterized in that: It also includes an anti-torque device (500) as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anti-torque device (500) is installed at an end of the support system away from the main drive device (100) through a support (510), and the main shaft (110) is installed on the main drive device (100), and the main shaft (110) passes through the inner hole of the adjustment ring (540).

5. The hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cutter disc (200) comprises an upper cutter body (210) and a lower cutter body (220), the upper cutter body (210) and the lower cutter body (220) are detachably mounted and connected, and the operating lines of the upper cutter body (210) and the lower cutter body (220) form an angle a of 160° to 175°.

6. The hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper blade body (210) and the lower blade body (220) are respectively assembled from at least two detachable lobes, and the operating diameter of the blade disc (200) is adjusted by radially adjusting the positions of the lobes of the upper blade body (210) and the lower blade body (220).

7. The hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The equipment platform (600) comprises a lower platform (610), pillars (620) and an upper platform (630), at least three pillars (620) are fixedly mounted on the lower platform (610), a recess (621) is arranged on the top of the pillar (620), a convex seat (631) is arranged on the lower side of the upper platform (630) at a position corresponding to the pillar (620), and the upper platform (630) is detachably connected to the recess (621) via the convex seat (631); a telescopic ladder (640) and a slag sluice channel (650) are also installed between the lower platform (610) and the upper platform (630), and an accordion-type slag sluice pipe (651) is installed on the slag sluice channel (650).

8. The hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: At least three stabilizers (120) are evenly distributed in an annular manner on the outer wall of the main drive device (100), and the stabilizer (120) comprises an extension seat (121), a lifting seat (122) and a third oil cylinder (123); one end of the extension seat (121) is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the main drive device (100), and the other end is slidably and telescopically mounted with the lifting seat (122); the third oil cylinder (123) is located inside the extension seat (121) and the lifting seat (122); one end of the third oil cylinder (123) is connected to the extension seat (121), and the other end is connected to the lifting seat (122).

9. The hole-enlarging shaft boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The support system comprises an upper support mechanism (300), a lifting cylinder (310), a lower support mechanism (400), a main push cylinder (410) and an auxiliary cylinder (420); the upper support mechanism (300) and the lower support mechanism (400) are respectively sleeved on the outside of the main shaft (110); the anti-torque device (500) is installed on the upper support mechanism (300); and the lower support mechanism (400) is located between the upper support mechanism (300) and the main drive device (100); The upper support mechanism (300) comprises an upper support ring seat (301), at least three upper support sleeves (302) are evenly distributed in an annular manner and radially installed on the outer side of the upper support ring seat (301), an upper telescopic rod (303) is slidably installed in the upper support sleeve (302), an upper support shoe (304) is fixedly connected to the upper telescopic rod (303), and first oil cylinders (305) are respectively installed on both sides of the upper support shoe (304), one end of the first oil cylinder (305) is connected to the upper support shoe (304), and the other end is connected to the upper support ring seat (301); a plurality of lifting oil cylinders (310) are provided, one end of the lifting oil cylinder (310) is connected to the upper support ring seat (301), and the other end passes through the lower support mechanism (400) and is connected to one end of the main shaft (110) close to the main drive device (100); The lower support mechanism (400) comprises a lower support ring seat (401), at least three lower support sleeves (402) are evenly distributed in an annular manner and radially installed on the outer side of the lower support ring seat (401), a lower telescopic rod (403) is slidably installed in the lower support sleeve (402), a lower support shoe (404) is fixedly connected to the lower telescopic rod (403), and second oil cylinders (405) are respectively installed on both sides of the lower support shoe (404), and one end of the second oil cylinder (405) is connected to the lower support shoe (404). The other end is connected to the lower support ring seat (401); the main push cylinder (410) and the auxiliary cylinder (420) are respectively provided in plurality, one end of the main push cylinder (410) is rotatably pinned to the inner hole of the lower support ring seat (401), and the other end is rotatably pinned to one end of the main shaft (110) close to the main drive device (100); one end of the auxiliary cylinder (420) is rotatably pinned to the bottom of the lower support shoe (404), and the other end is rotatably pinned to one end of the main shaft (110) close to the main drive device (100).

10. A method of operation, characterized in that: A hole-enlarging shaft boring machine as claimed in claim 9 is used for shaft operation, and the operation method includes a boring step, a step-changing step and a retreat step, wherein: The excavation steps include: The main drive device (100) drives the cutter head (200) to rotate, and the piston rods of the main push cylinder (410) and the auxiliary cylinder (420) extend correspondingly to provide a certain thrust for the cutter head (200) to advance downward. During this process, the first cylinder (305) and the second cylinder (405) extend to provide thrust to synchronously tighten the upper support shoe (304) and the lower support shoe (404) on the well wall. The third cylinder (123) of the stabilizer (120) extends to tighten the well wall to stabilize the main drive device (100). The anti-torque device (500) offsets the torque transmitted from the main drive device (100) to the main shaft (110). At this time, the upper support mechanism (300) and the lower support mechanism (400) are tightened at the same time to offset the vibration and impact of the equipment during the excavation process to the maximum extent. During the excavation process, the excavation posture is adjusted by controlling the extension length of each auxiliary cylinder (420). The step-change steps include: After the cutter head (200) has excavated a stroke, the lower support shoe (404) of the lower support mechanism (400) retracts under the pulling force of the second oil cylinder (405), and the upper support shoe (304) remains in a tightened state. The main push oil cylinder (410) and the auxiliary oil cylinder (420) retract to drive the lower support mechanism (400) to move downward for a digging stroke. During this process, the lifting oil cylinder (310) extends its piston rod with it. After the movement is completed, the lower support shoe (404) is tightened again under the thrust of the second oil cylinder (405), and then the upper support shoe (304) retracts under the action of the first oil cylinder (305). The lifting oil cylinder (310) retracts to drive the upper support mechanism (300), the anti-torque device (500) and the equipment platform (600) to move downward for a digging stroke, and the step change is completed; The fallback steps include: When the whole machine starts to retreat, the lower support shoe (404) is kept in a tightened state under the action of the second oil cylinder (405), and the stabilizer (120) simultaneously tightens the well wall. At this time, the upper support shoe (304) retracts under the action of the first oil cylinder (305), and then the lifting cylinder (310) extends to apply a lifting force to the upper support mechanism (300) and the equipment platform (600). After a stroke of ascent, the upper support shoe (304) is tightened under the action of the first oil cylinder (305), and the lower support shoe (404) retracts under the action of the second oil cylinder (405), and the lower support mechanism (4 00) rises under the thrust of the main push cylinder (410) and the auxiliary cylinder (420). After a lifting stroke, the lower support shoe (404) is tightened under the action of the second cylinder (405). At this time, the upper support mechanism (300) and the lower support mechanism (400) are tightened at the same time, and the lifting cylinder (310) extends and retracts, providing an upward pulling force for the main drive device (100), the cutter disc (200) and the main shaft (110). At this time, the main push cylinder (410) and the auxiliary cylinder (420) can assist in providing pulling force, so that the main machine can complete the retreat as a whole.

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