Production system and use method of metal composite material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of metal-based composite materials, and particularly relates to a production system and a use method of a metal composite material. The production system comprises a reinforcement preheating-feeding device, a smelting device and a casting device, the smelting device comprises a heating furnace and a crucible, the crucible is arranged in the heating furnace, a hollow stirring rod is eccentrically arranged on a crucible cover through a high-temperature sealing bearing, an inert gas channel is formed in the stirring rod, and the inert gas channel is communicated with the heating furnace. A metal conical screen with a small upper part and a large lower part is annularly arranged on the stirring rod; the reinforcement feeding preheating device is composed of a preheating part and a spiral output part. The device can effectively shorten the production cycle, is reasonable in structure and easy to operate, can prevent an alloy melt from making contact with the atmosphere in the vacuum environment, reduces oxidation slag inclusion, can effectively improve the wettability of a reinforcement body and the melt and the interface bonding force of the reinforcement body and a base body, and is wide in application range and low in cost. And preparing metal-based composite materials such as aluminum and aluminum alloy, magnesium and magnesium alloy, copper and copper alloy and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal matrix composite material preparation and molding devices, and in particular relates to a production system and a use method of a metal composite material. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern electronic technology, integrated circuits (ICs) have penetrated into all walks of life. Electronic products are widely used in many fields such as 5G communications, aerospace, supercomputing, automotive electronics, unmanned driving, the Internet of Things, and intelligent manufacturing. The performance requirements for electronic products are getting higher and higher, and electronic systems are becoming smaller, more powerful, and more efficient. Electronic devices are developing in the direction of miniaturization, multi-function, and high integration, which leads to a sharp increase in the heat generation rate of electronic systems, which can easily lead to thermal failure of the system. The failure rate of a component is exponentially related to its operating temperature, and its function is inversely proportional to it. Heat dissipation has become an urgent problem that the industry needs to solve and a bottleneck that restricts the progress of electronic technology. The sharp increase in heat dissipation demand not only requires the development of more efficient cooling technology, but also promotes the development of thermal management materials towards high thermal conductivity, low expansion, and lightweight, so as to transfer heat to the heat sink or external space in time to ensure the normal operation of the electronic system.

[0003] Metallic copper and aluminum have high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, but at the same time, copper and aluminum have high thermal expansion coefficients, which are very different from the thermal expansion coefficient of semiconductor silicon. Packaging metal and silicon can easily cause damage to electronic components due to severe thermal mismatch and cause the entire integrated circuit to fail.

[0004] Metal-based composite materials have become a hot topic in the research of electronic packaging materials due to their advantages such as strong designability, good processing performance and low thermal expansion coefficient. In particular, high thermal conductivity metal-based composite materials based on aluminum and copper not only have the above advantages, but also have better thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. They are the most widely used metal-based composite materials in the field of electronic packaging. Particles (SiC, AlN, BeO, diamond, etc.) reinforced aluminum-based and copper-based composite materials have excellent properties such as high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, high specific stiffness, high thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient. They are used in the fields of electronic equipment packaging materials and heat sinks, aircraft engine fan outlet guide vanes, satellite structural materials and automobile brake discs.

[0005] At present, the main preparation methods of particle-reinforced aluminum-based and copper-based composite materials are liquid stirring method and powder metallurgy method. The preparation of aluminum-based and copper-based composite materials by powder metallurgy involves multiple processes such as powder mixing, cold pressing, hot pressing and sintering. The preparation process is complicated, there are many processes, and the powder raw materials and manufacturing equipment are expensive, resulting in the cost of composite materials being 10 to 20 times higher than that of liquid stirring method. Moreover, the implementation difficulty of this method in the preparation of large-sized metal-based composite materials increases exponentially. Compared with powder metallurgy, liquid stirring method has the advantages of simple implementation process and low cost, and this method has unique advantages in the preparation of large-sized composite material billets. The main technical idea of ​​this method is to melt the metal, add reinforcing particles under the action of a stirring tool, and realize the composite of reinforcing particles and metal melt during the stirring process, thereby obtaining ceramic particle-reinforced metal-based composite materials. Although this method is simple in technology and low in cost, the surface energy and surface activity of the reinforcement are often reduced during the preparation of the metal-based composite material due to the adsorption of gas on the surface of the reinforcement, which reduces the surface activity and does not wet the metal melt, and the particles are very easy to agglomerate; or due to the large density difference between the reinforcement particles and the metal melt, the particles cannot enter the metal melt and float on the surface of the melt, or are deposited on the lower layer of the melt. After continuous efforts by R&D personnel, there are currently two main ways to add reinforcements: one is to mechanically stir in an atmospheric environment to generate a vortex, and the reinforcement is sprinkled into the vortex and enters the melt. In an atmospheric environment, aluminum, magnesium, and copper alloys are very easy to oxidize, causing serious oxidation slag and air entrainment, which deteriorates the quality of the material; the second is to blow the reinforcement into the melt in a vacuum environment through an inert gas such as argon as a carrier gas, but because inert gases such as argon are almost insoluble in the melt, and the reinforcement particles are very small and light in weight, during the floating process of inert gas bubbles such as argon, a large number of reinforcements will float to the surface of the melt with the bubbles, and the composite effect will be greatly reduced. In addition, after the existing vacuum melting and stirring compound, it is necessary to inflate and restore the normal pressure during casting, open the furnace cover and cast in the atmospheric environment, and oxidation slag inclusion is still inevitable. The document with the publication number "CN117444160A" discloses "A semi-continuous casting equipment and a semi-continuous casting method of aluminum-based composite materials", which is composed of a melting and insulation furnace, a mixer and a crystallizer. The existing problems are: 1. When the reinforcement particles are mixed with the aluminum melt, high-pressure gas is blown into the melt, which will lead to a decrease in the temperature of the alloy melt, a change in the solid phase amount, and an increase in viscosity. 2. When the high-pressure gas transports the reinforcement particles, due to the small size and small gravity of the particles, they are easily brought to the liquid surface during the floating process of the bubbles under the action of the high-pressure gas, agglomerate and slag, and cannot form a good mixture with the melt. At the same time, an ideal composite material cannot be obtained, causing great waste. 3. In order to reduce the influence of high-pressure gas on the melt temperature, a heating rod and a cooling system are installed in the stirring plate to adjust the temperature, which increases the complexity of the equipment and increases the cost.4. In the atmospheric environment, the melt tumbles violently during the composite stirring process, causing severe oxidation and air entrainment, which greatly reduces the quality of the composite material and deteriorates the mechanical properties and thermophysical properties of the composite material. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a production system and a method for using a metal composite material, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art, namely, the lowering of alloy melt temperature and the change of solid phase amount leading to increased viscosity; the inability of reinforcement particles to form a good mixture with the melt, unsatisfactory mechanical properties and thermophysical properties; and the complexity of equipment and high cost.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme of the present invention is: a production system of a metal composite material, comprising a vacuum device, a gas supply device, a reinforcement preheating-feeding device, a smelting device and a casting device, the smelting device comprising a heating furnace and a crucible, the crucible consisting of a pot body and a crucible cover, in the smelting device, the crucible is placed in the heating furnace, a hollow stirring rod is eccentrically arranged on the crucible cover through a high-temperature sealed bearing, the upper end of the stirring rod is connected to a rotating motor, and a stirring blade is arranged at the lower part; an inert gas channel connected to an air outlet at the bottom of the stirring rod is arranged inside the stirring rod, and a one-way valve is arranged on the inert gas channel; a metal conical screen with a small upper part and a large lower part is arranged on the stirring rod;

[0008] The reinforcement feeding preheating device is composed of a preheating part and a spiral output part; the preheating part includes a heating barrel with an electric heat resistance wire arranged outside the barrel wall and a barrel cover, and a spiral stirrer is penetrated through a high-temperature sealing bearing on the barrel cover; a flip-type partition is arranged at the bottom of the heating barrel, and the lower part of the flip-type partition is connected to the spiral output part, and the spiral output part includes a transversely arranged outer barrel and a spiral feeder therein, and the discharge end of the spiral feeder is connected to a vertical conveying pipe;

[0009] The feed pipe seal in the reinforcement feeding and preheating device is arranged on the crucible cover of the smelting device and is arranged in close contact with the stirring rod, and the lower end of the feed pipe seal is arranged on the upper part of the metal conical screen.

[0010] Furthermore, the crucible can be detachably arranged in an open heating furnace, and the heating furnace is placed on a lifting platform.

[0011] Furthermore, the casting device comprises a mold shell, one end of which is provided with a water-passing copper cavity, and the other end is sealed and fastened to an opening at the top of the crucible body, and the axes of the two are perpendicular to each other and connected at 90 degrees.

[0012] Furthermore, an ultrasonic vibration treatment device is arranged in the crucible, and three ultrasonic vibration treatment devices are arranged at 120 degrees to each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the three ultrasonic vibration treatment devices are respectively and evenly distributed on the crucible cover through high-temperature sealed bearings.

[0014] Furthermore, an air cooling pipe is built into the heating furnace. The air cooling pipe is wound around the inner side of the furnace wall of the heating furnace and is arranged alternately with the electric heating element.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for using the above device comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Preheating of reinforcement - start of feeding device: Add reinforcement powder into the heating barrel, set the preheating temperature to 300-400°C, start heating and stirring, connect the vacuum system at the same time, and preheat for 1-2 hours;

[0017] Step 2: while preheating the reinforcement, placing the metal to be smelted in a crucible, placing the crucible in a heating furnace to melt the metal into a melt;

[0018] Step 3: Add reinforcement powder:

[0019] Open the flip partition at the bottom of the heating barrel, start the screw feeder, and the reinforcement powder falls into the feeding pipe through the discharge end. At the end of the feeding pipe, it collides with the conical screen. The vibration makes the reinforcement particles fall into the vortex more dispersedly and enter the melt driven by the stirring blades.

[0020] Step 4: Heating the melt to mechanically stir the melt, and performing ultrasonic and vacuum negative pressure degassing composite treatment;

[0021] Step 5: Casting:

[0022] The heating furnace is lowered by the lifting platform to detach the crucible, and the crucible is rotated 90 degrees by the clamping and rotating mechanism. The melt is poured into the mold shell of the casting device through the upper opening, and the water inlet and outlet valves of the water-passing copper cavity are opened to promote the solidification of the melt to form an ingot or component.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific process of the above step 2 is:

[0024] Close the crucible cover, make the crucible cover and the crucible body sealed, set the melting temperature to 400℃, start the vacuum system, turn on the mechanical pump, and when the negative pressure in the crucible reaches -0.1Pa, turn on the molecular pump, and when the negative pressure in the crucible reaches 3×10 -3 When Pa, the vacuum system is turned off;

[0025] Set the heating temperature to the melting temperature of 700-750℃, and start the stirring rod after the metal is melted. Then, blow argon gas through the argon channel to degas the melt. The argon pressure is 0.3-0.6MPa, and the stirring speed is increased to 600rpm. Use argon gas to rotate and degas for 3-5 minutes, and then turn off the argon gas;

[0026] Adjust the air flow in the air cooling pipe in the heating furnace to lower the temperature in the furnace, and adjust the agitator speed to 400-800r / min.

[0027] Furthermore, the specific process of the above step 4 is:

[0028] Set the melt temperature in the crucible to 30-50°C higher than the melting point, increase the stirring speed to 1000-1500 r / min, and stir for 5-10 minutes;

[0029] Lower the height of the ultrasonic vibration treatment device and enter the melt to a height of 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 from the bottom of the crucible; turn on the ultrasonic vibration treatment device with a power of 2kW to 3kW, ultrasonically treat the melt for 5 to 10 minutes, and at the same time turn on the vacuum system to degas the melt using negative pressure.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The device combines metal smelting, degassing, reinforcement addition, semi-solid stirring, and ultrasonic treatment, and has a reasonable structure. The reinforcement particles have good dispersion, and pores and slag inclusions are greatly reduced, thus achieving the function of preparing high-quality metal-based composite materials by casting. At the same time, the device is simple to use, and can effectively shorten the production cycle, improve production efficiency and product quality. The present invention has a reasonable structure and is easy to operate. The vacuum environment can block the alloy melt from contacting the atmosphere, reduce oxidation slag inclusions, and significantly improve the quality of the alloy melt. The present invention integrates rotary degassing at the bottom end of the stirring rod, and combines rotary degassing and vacuum negative pressure degassing to effectively remove the gas contained in the alloy melt before adding reinforcement particles.

[0032] (2) The present invention not only preheats the reinforcement material by stirring and preheating, but also promotes the removal of impurity gases adsorbed on the surface of the reinforcement, which can effectively improve the wettability of the reinforcement with the melt and the interface bonding force between the reinforcement and the matrix. The removal of impurity gases can also improve the quality of the melt, reduce the formation of defects such as pores and looseness, and thus improve the comprehensive performance of the composite material. At the same time, by combining the semi-solid stirring method with a spiral stirrer, and setting a conical screen on the stirring rod, the reinforcement collides with the screen during the falling process to disperse it, and is more evenly dispersed in the melt through the distance shear of the stirrer in the semi-solid melt with a certain viscosity; the stirring rod is eccentrically set on the crucible cover, which can not only generate a vortex, but also control the size of the vortex; then the melt temperature is increased, and the reinforcement distribution is more uniform under the synergistic effect of mechanical stirring and ultrasonic vibration and cavitation effect. Compared with other methods of cooling the melt by placing a metal with an internal cooling medium in the melt, the present invention has a built-in cooling pipe in the heating furnace, which can effectively ensure the uniformity of the melt viscosity, save time and high efficiency.

[0033] (4) The composite material slurry prepared in the present invention can be turned 90 degrees by a rotating mechanism and cast into the mold shell of the casting device, ensuring casting in a vacuum environment and avoiding oxidation, air entrapment and slag inclusion during the casting process. At the same time, a pure copper water cooling device is provided at the bottom of the mold, which can realize the rapid directional solidification of the semi-solid slurry, refine the grains of the metal matrix of the composite material, and improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. After the solidification is completed, the cooling device can be removed to take out the composite material ingot, which is simple and quick to operate.

[0034] (5) The present invention has a wide range of applications, such as the preparation of metal-based composite materials such as aluminum and aluminum alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, copper and copper alloys. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a system structure block diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is the metallographic structure diagram of SiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy composite material.

[0038] The reference numerals are as follows:

[0039] 1-heating furnace, 2-crumb body, 3-crucible cover, 4-lifting platform, 5-stirring rod, 6-rotating motor, 7-stirring blade, 8-check valve, 9-conical screen, 10-mold shell, 11-water copper cavity, 12-ultrasonic vibration treatment device, 13-heating barrel, 14-barrel cover, 15-spiral stirrer, 16-motor, 17-flip partition, 18-outer cylinder, 19-screw feeder, 20-feeding pipe, 21-air cooling pipe, 22-electric heating element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.

[0041] A production system for metal composite materials, see Figure 1 , including a vacuum device, a gas supply device, a reinforcement preheating-feeding device, a melting device and a casting device. The melting device is respectively connected to the vacuum device, the gas supply device, the reinforcement preheating-feeding device and the casting device, and the vacuum device is connected to the reinforcement preheating-feeding device.

[0042] See also Figure 2The smelting device includes a heating furnace 1 and a crucible, and the crucible consists of a crucible body and a crucible cover 3; a hollow stirring rod 5 is eccentrically arranged on the crucible cover 3 through a high-temperature sealed bearing, and the crucible cover 3 is also provided with relevant auxiliary components such as a temperature control meter and a vacuum meter, and a vacuum pump connected to the crucible includes a vacuum air pipeline and a mechanical pump, a molecular pump, etc., and a gas supply device connected to the crucible includes an inert gas supply unit and a connecting gas pipeline, etc.; the upper end of the stirring rod 5 is connected to a rotating motor 6, and a stirring blade 7 is arranged at the lower part; an inert gas channel connected to the bottom of the stirring rod 5 is arranged inside the stirring rod 5, and a one-way valve 8 is arranged in the inert gas channel, and the upper end of the stirring rod 5 is connected to the gas supply device, and when the inert gas is introduced, the one-way valve 8 is opened under the action of the gas pressure; a metal conical screen 9 with a small upper part and a large lower part is arranged on the stirring rod 5.

[0043] The reinforcement feeding preheating device consists of two parts: a preheating part and a spiral output part; the preheating part includes a heating barrel 13 with an electric heating resistance wire arranged outside the barrel wall and a barrel cover 14, a spiral agitator 15 is penetrated through the barrel cover 14 through a high-temperature sealed bearing, and the rotating shaft of the spiral agitator 15 is driven by a motor 16; a flip-type partition 17 is arranged at the bottom of the heating barrel 13, and the lower part of the flip-type partition 17 is connected to the spiral output part, and the spiral output part includes a transversely arranged outer cylinder 18 and a spiral feeder 19 therein, and the discharge end of the spiral feeder 19 is connected to a vertical conveying pipe 20.

[0044] The feed pipe 20 in the reinforcement feeding preheating device is sealed and penetrated through the crucible cover 3 in the smelting device, and is arranged in close contact with the stirring rod 5, and its lower end is arranged on the upper part of the metal conical screen 9. The flip partition 17 in the reinforcement preheating part separates the preheating part from the feeding part. After reaching the preheating condition, the preheated and degassed reinforcement is introduced into the feeding part by rotation, and under the propulsion of the screw feeder 19, it enters the feed pipe 21. The reinforcement falls on the metal conical screen 9 rotating with the stirring rod 5 under the action of gravity, and falls into the melt vortex after dispersion.

[0045] The crucible can be detachably arranged in the heating furnace 1, and the heating furnace 1 is placed on the lifting platform 4. The crucible enters or exits the heating furnace 1 through the lifting platform 4. In addition to the electric heating element 22, the heating furnace 1 also has an air cooling pipe 21 made of high-temperature resistant ceramic material. The air cooling pipe 21 is wound around the inner side of the furnace wall of the heating furnace 1 and is arranged alternately with the electric heating element 22. The air is blown into the pipe to achieve the effect of cooling. An ultrasonic vibration treatment device 12 is arranged in the crucible, and the ultrasonic vibration treatment device 12 is provided with three devices at 120° to each other. The three ultrasonic vibration treatment devices 12 are respectively passed through high-temperature sealed bearings and evenly distributed on the crucible cover 3.

[0046] The casting device includes a mold shell 10, one end of which is provided with a water-passing copper cavity 11, on which are arranged a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe to increase the cooling rate, and the other end is sealed and fastened to the opening at the top of the crucible body 2, and the axes of the two are perpendicular to each other and connected at 90°. The mold shell 10 is horizontally arranged and fixedly arranged at 90° to the outer wall of the crucible body 2.

[0047] The method for using the production system of the metal composite material specifically comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Preheating of reinforcement body - starting of feeding device:

[0049] Weigh 10μm SiC particles, add 10wt% NaOH solution and clean for 15min under ultrasonic action, then wash with deionized water until neutral (pH=7), and let it stand to settle. Pour off the supernatant, add 5% HF solution and soak for 3h, then wash with distilled water until neutral, and dry for use. Add the cleaned and dried SiC powder to the heating barrel 13, set the preheating temperature to 300℃, turn on the spiral stirrer 15 for stirring, and connect the vacuum system at the same time, preheat for 2h, and stir at a speed of 50rpm to promote the removal of gas adsorbed on the surface of the reinforcement.

[0050] Step 2: While preheating the reinforcement, place the metal to be smelted in a crucible, place the crucible in a heating furnace 1, and melt the metal into a melt:

[0051] In this embodiment, a 6061 aluminum alloy ingot with surface oxide removed is placed in a crucible body 2, the crucible cover 3 is closed, and the positioning locking bolts are locked to seal the crucible cover 3 and the crucible body 2. The melting temperature is set to 400°C, the vacuum system is started, the mechanical pump is turned on, and when the negative pressure in the crucible reaches -0.1 Pa, the molecular pump is turned on. When the negative pressure in the crucible reaches 3×10 -3 When Pa, the vacuum system is turned off;

[0052] The melting condition of the aluminum alloy is observed through the observation port. When the melt temperature in the crucible (temperature control meter) reaches the set target, the heating temperature is set to the melting temperature of 730°C (temperature control meter) in this embodiment. After the metal is melted, the stirring rod 5 is started, and mechanical stirring is started for 5 minutes at a stirring speed of 400 rpm.

[0053] Then, argon is blown into the melt through the argon channel to degas the melt. Specifically, the gas valve between the inert gas unit and the stirring rod 5 is opened, the argon pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa, the stirring speed is increased to 600 rpm, and the argon is rotated for degassing for 3-5 minutes. Then, the gas valve between the inert gas unit and the stirring rod 5 is closed, and the argon is turned off.

[0054] When the air flow in the air cooling pipe 21 in the heating furnace 1 is adjusted to make the temperature in the furnace drop to 650°C, that is, when the melt temperature is maintained in the semi-solid temperature range of the alloy, the speed of the stirring rod 5 is adjusted to 800r / min, a vortex is generated in the melt at the center of the stirring rod 5, and the melt level in other parts is stable.

[0055] Step 3: Add reinforcement powder:

[0056] Open the flip partition 17 at the bottom of the heating barrel 13, start the screw feeder 19, and the reinforcement powder falls into the feed pipe through the discharge end, collides with the metal conical screen 9 at the end of the feed pipe, and the vibration makes the reinforcement particles fall into the vortex more dispersedly, and enter the melt driven by the stirring blade 7. The feeding time is determined and controlled by the stirring speed and the screw rod advancement speed.

[0057] Step 4: Raise the temperature to mechanically stir the melt, and perform ultrasonic and vacuum negative pressure degassing composite treatment:

[0058] Set the melt temperature in the crucible to 730°C. When the melt temperature reaches 730°C, increase the stirring speed to 1200 rpm and stir for 10 minutes.

[0059] Lower the height of the ultrasonic vibration treatment device 12 to enter the melt at a height of 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the bottom of the crucible. Turn on the ultrasonic vibration treatment device 12 with a power of 3 kW and perform ultrasonic treatment on the melt for 5 minutes;

[0060] At the same time, the vacuum system is turned on to use negative pressure to degas the melt and reduce the gas content in the melt.

[0061] Step 5: Casting:

[0062] The heating furnace 1 is lowered by the lifting platform 4 on the upper part of the hydraulic device to detach the crucible, and the crucible is rotated 90 degrees by the clamping and rotating mechanism. The melt is poured into the mold shell 10 of the casting device through the upper opening of the crucible body 2, and the water inlet and outlet valves of the water-passing copper cavity 11 are opened, and the cooling circulating water is turned on to promote the solidification of the melt to form a SiC particle reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy composite material.

[0063] See also Figure 3 The metallographic structure diagram shows that the average size of SiC particles is about 10 μm. The SiC particles prepared by the present invention are relatively evenly dispersed in the 6061 aluminum alloy matrix, and no pores, shrinkage, aluminum oxide and other inclusions are observed in the structure. The volume fraction of SiC particles is 22.8% according to statistics, which is very close to the designed addition amount of 23%, indicating that the device of the present invention can significantly suppress the floating of fine-sized particles and show an excellent composite addition effect.

[0064] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A production system for a metal composite material, comprising a vacuum pump, a gas supply device, a reinforcement preheating-feeding device, a smelting device and a casting device, wherein the smelting device comprises a heating furnace (1) and a crucible, wherein the crucible comprises a crucible body (2) and a crucible cover (3), and wherein: In the smelting device, a crucible is placed in a heating furnace (1); a hollow stirring rod (5) is eccentrically arranged on the crucible cover (3) via a high-temperature sealed bearing; the upper end of the stirring rod (5) is connected to a rotating motor (6), and a stirring blade (7) is arranged at the lower part; an inert gas channel connected to an air outlet at the bottom of the stirring rod (5) is arranged inside the stirring rod (5), and a one-way valve (8) is arranged on the inert gas channel; a metal conical screen (9) with a small upper part and a large lower part is arranged on the upper ring of the stirring rod (5); The reinforcement feeding preheating device is composed of a preheating part and a spiral output part; the preheating part comprises a heating barrel (13) with an electric heating resistance wire arranged outside the barrel wall and a barrel cover (14), and a spiral stirrer (15) is inserted through the barrel cover (14) via a high-temperature sealing bearing; a flip-type partition (17) is arranged at the bottom of the heating barrel (13), and the spiral output part is connected to the lower part of the flip-type partition (17), and the spiral output part comprises a transversely arranged outer barrel (18) and a spiral feeder (19) therein, and the discharge end of the spiral feeder (19) is connected to a vertical conveying pipe (20); The feed pipe (20) in the reinforcement feeding and preheating device is sealed and penetrated on the crucible cover (3) in the smelting device, and is arranged in close contact with the stirring rod (5), and its lower end is arranged on the upper part of the metal conical screen (9).

2. A production system of a metal composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crucible is detachably arranged in an open heating furnace (1), and the heating furnace (1) is placed on a lifting platform (4).

3. A production system of a metal composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The casting device comprises a mold shell (10), one end of which is provided with a water-passing copper cavity (11), and the other end of which is sealed and tightly connected to an opening at the top of a crucible body (2), with the axes of the two being perpendicular to each other and connected at 90 degrees.

4. A production system of a metal composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: An ultrasonic vibration processing device (12) is arranged in the crucible, and three ultrasonic vibration processing devices (12) are arranged at 120 degrees to each other.

5. A production system of a metal composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The three ultrasonic vibration processing devices (12) are respectively penetrated through high-temperature sealed bearings and are evenly distributed on the crucible cover (3).

6. A production system of a metal composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: An air cooling pipe (21) is built into the heating furnace (1). The air cooling pipe (21) is wound around the inner side of the furnace wall of the heating furnace (1) and is arranged alternately with the electric heating element (22).

7. The method for using the production system of metal composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preheating the reinforcement - starting the feeding device: Add reinforcement powder into the heating barrel (13), set the preheating temperature to 300-400°C, start heating and stirring, preheat for 1-2 hours, and connect the vacuum system at the same time; Step 2: While preheating the reinforcement, place the metal to be smelted in a crucible, and place the crucible in a heating furnace (1) to melt the metal into a melt: Step 3: Add reinforcement powder: The flip partition (17) at the bottom of the heating barrel (13) is opened, and the screw feeder (19) is started, so that the reinforcement powder falls into the feeding pipe (20) through the discharge end, collides with the conical screen (9) at the end of the feeding pipe (20), and the reinforcement particles are dispersed and fall into the vortex, and enter the melt driven by the stirring blade (7); Step 4: Raise the temperature to mechanically stir the melt, and perform ultrasonic and vacuum negative pressure degassing composite treatment: Step 5: Casting: The heating furnace (1) is lowered by a lifting platform (4) to detach the crucible, and the crucible is rotated 90 degrees by a clamping and rotating mechanism. The melt is poured into a mold shell (10) of a casting device through an upper opening, and the water inlet and outlet valves of a water-passing copper cavity (11) are opened to promote the solidification of the melt, thereby forming an ingot or a component.

8. The method for using the production system of metal composite materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific process of step 2 is: Close the crucible cover (3), make the crucible cover (3) and the crucible body (2) sealed, set the melting temperature to 400°C, start the vacuum system, turn on the mechanical pump, and when the negative pressure in the crucible reaches -0.1 Pa, turn on the molecular pump, and when the negative pressure in the crucible reaches 3×10 -3 When Pa, the vacuum system is turned off; The heating temperature is set to a melting temperature of 700-750°C. After the metal is melted, the stirring rod (5) is started. Then, argon is blown into the melt through the argon channel to degas the melt. The argon pressure is 0.3-0.6 MPa. The stirring speed is increased to 600 rpm. The argon is rotated to degas for 3-5 minutes, and the argon is turned off. The air flow rate in the air cooling pipe (20) in the heating furnace (1) is adjusted to lower the temperature in the furnace, and the speed of the stirrer (5) is adjusted to 400-800 r / min.

9. The method for using the production system of metal composite materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: The specific process of step 4 is: Set the melt temperature in the crucible to 30~50℃ higher than the melting point, increase the stirring speed to 1000~1500 r / min, and stir for 5~10min; Lowering the height of the ultrasonic vibration treatment device (12) to enter the melt to a height of 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the bottom of the crucible; The ultrasonic vibration treatment device (12) is turned on with a power of 2kW to 3kW, and the melt is ultrasonically treated for 5 to 10 minutes. At the same time, the vacuum system is turned on to degas the melt using negative pressure.

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