Photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof, and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic module comprises a laminated member, a frame and an insulating layer, the frame wraps at least part of the circumferential edge of the laminated member, the insulating layer is arranged between the frame and the laminated member, the laminated member is internally provided with a cell layer, the frame comprises a first side part and a second side part which are connected with each other, and the first side part and the second side part are connected with each other. The first side part at least partially covers the peripheral edge of the back surface of the laminated piece, and the second side part surrounds and wraps part or all of the circumferential side wall of the laminated piece; the insulating layer comprises a first insulating part and a second insulating part, the first insulating part is arranged between the first side part and the back surface of the laminated piece, and the second insulating part is arranged between the second side part and the circumferential side wall of the laminated piece; and furthermore, by setting the ranges of the first creepage adjustment coefficient and the second creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module, the bonding performance between the frame and the laminated piece and the insulating performance between the battery piece layer and the frame are considered.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application number 202411534059.9 filed on October 30, 2024, with the invention name “A photovoltaic module, a method for preparing the same, and a photovoltaic system”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic technology, and specifically relates to a photovoltaic component and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0003] As the core component of solar power generation, solar photovoltaic modules mainly include stacked parts and frames of solar cells. The frames are buckled on the edges of the stacked parts so that the photovoltaic modules can be installed on a fixed bracket through the frames to realize the assembly and use of the photovoltaic modules.

[0004] In the related art, the processing technology of photovoltaic modules is to first heat-press the front glass, the encapsulation film layer, the cell and the back glass to form a laminate. Then, the frame is bonded and fixed to the outer edges of the laminate using a sealant to encapsulate and protect the laminate. However, with this frame fixing processing method, the bonding effect between the frame and the laminate is poor, and it is easy to produce a lot of overflow glue to block the surface of the photovoltaic module, affecting the conversion performance of the photovoltaic module. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application aims to provide a photovoltaic module and its preparation method, and a photovoltaic system, which can solve the problem of poor bonding between the frame and the laminate in traditional module processing methods, and easy generation of a lot of overflow glue to block the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, this application is implemented as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a stack, a frame and an insulating layer, wherein the frame covers at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the stack, the insulating layer is disposed between the frame and the stack, a cell layer is disposed in the stack, and the stack has a front side and a back side disposed oppositely;

[0008] The frame includes a first side portion and a second side portion connected to each other, the first side portion at least partially covers the edges of the back side of the stack, and the second side portion surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential side wall of the stack; the insulating layer includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion, the first insulating portion is arranged between the first side portion and the back side of the stack, and the second insulating portion is arranged between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the stack;

[0009] The stack has two first sides arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, and two second sides arranged opposite to each other along a second direction, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; end battery cells and end bus bars are respectively arranged at two ends of the battery cell layer along the second direction, and the end bus bars are electrically connected to the end battery cells;

[0010] The photovoltaic assembly has a first creepage adjustment coefficient in the first direction and a second creepage adjustment coefficient in the second direction;

[0011] The first creepage adjustment coefficient B1=d1 / D satisfies: 10≤B1≤400; wherein d1 is the distance from the battery layer to the second side portion along the first direction, and D is the thickness of the second insulating portion;

[0012] The second creepage adjustment coefficient B2=d2 / D satisfies: 10≤B2≤400; wherein D is the thickness of the second insulating portion,

[0013] In the case where the end bus bar is disposed between the end battery sheet and the second side, d2 is the distance from the end bus bar to the second side along the second direction;

[0014] In the case where the end bus bar is disposed on a side of the end battery cell facing the back surface or the front surface, d2 is a distance from the end battery cell to the second side portion along the second direction.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, which is used to prepare the photovoltaic module described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0016] Providing pre-laminated parts, frames and insulating films, and determining the size of the insulating films;

[0017] Assembling the pre-laminated component, the frame and the insulating adhesive film together to form a component to be laminated;

[0018] The to-be-laminated parts are laminated to form laminated parts from the pre-laminated parts, and the insulating adhesive film is filled between the frame and the laminated parts to form an insulating layer.

[0019] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the photovoltaic component described in the first aspect.

[0020] In the present application, by making the frame cover at least part of the circumferential edge of the stack, and setting an insulating layer between the frame and the stack, the insulating layer can not only play a role in bonding and fixing the frame and the stack, but also increase the creepage distance between the frame and the battery layer, and the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the insulating layer. Furthermore, by setting the value range of the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module in different directions, the bonding performance between the frame and the stack, and the insulation performance between the battery layer and the frame can be taken into account in different directions.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic assembly along a first direction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic assembly along a second direction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic assembly along a second direction according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the first type of laminated component before lamination according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first type of laminated component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first laminate after lamination according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the second type of laminated component before lamination according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second type of laminated component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.10is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second laminated member after lamination according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig.11 is a schematic structural diagram of a third type of laminated component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth type of laminated component according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.13 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth member to be laminated according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.14 It is a flow chart of a method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Reference numerals:

[0038] 10: laminated part; 10a: pre-laminated part; 101: front side; 102: back side; 11: battery cell layer; 111: end battery cell; 112: end bus bar; 12: front plate; 13: packaging film layer; 13a: packaging adhesive film; 14: back plate; F1: first direction; F2: second direction; F3: third direction; 20: frame; 21: first side; 22: second side; 23: gap; 30: insulating layer; 31: first insulating part; 311: overflow glue part; 32: second insulating part; 301: base layer; 302: adhesive layer; 30a: insulating adhesive film. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limitations on the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] The term "first" or "second" in the specification and claims of this application may include one or more of the features explicitly or implicitly. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more. In addition, "and / or" in the specification and claims means at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally means that the objects connected before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0043] In the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the photovoltaic module and its preparation method, and the photovoltaic system provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail through specific embodiments and their application scenarios.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, according to some embodiments of the present application, the photovoltaic module includes: a stack 10, a frame 20 and an insulating layer 30, the frame 20 is coated on at least part of the circumferential edge of the stack 10, the insulating layer 30 is arranged between the frame 20 and the stack 10, a cell layer 11 is arranged in the stack 10, and the stack 10 has a front side 101 and a back side 102 arranged oppositely; the frame 20 includes a first side portion 21 and a second side portion 22 connected to each other, the first side portion 21 at least partially covers the four edges of the back side 102 of the stack 10, and the second side portion 22 surrounds and coats part or all of the circumferential side wall of the stack 10; the insulating layer 30 includes a first insulating portion 31 and a second insulating portion 32, the first insulating portion 31 is arranged between the first side portion 21 and the back side 102 of the stack 10, and the second insulating portion 32 is arranged between the second side portion 22 and the circumferential side wall of the stack 10.

[0045] Furthermore, the stack 10 has two first sides arranged opposite to each other along a first direction F1, and two second sides arranged opposite to each other along a second direction F2, and the first direction F1 is perpendicular to the second direction F2; the battery cell layer 11 is provided with end battery cells 111 and end bus bars 112 at both ends along the second direction F2, respectively, and the end bus bars 112 are electrically connected to the end battery cells 111.

[0046] Among them, the photovoltaic component has a first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 in the first direction F1 and a second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 in the second direction F2, the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1=d1 / D, satisfying: 10≤B1≤400; d1 is the distance from the battery layer 11 to the second side 22 along the first direction F1, and D is the thickness of the second insulating part 32.

[0047] At the same time, the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2=d2 / D satisfies: 10≤B2≤400; wherein D is the thickness of the second insulating portion; Figure 2 As shown, when the end bus bar 112 is disposed between the end battery cell 111 and the second side, d2 is the distance from the end bus bar 112 to the second side portion 22 along the second direction F2; Figure 3 As shown, when the end bus bar 112 is disposed on the side of the end battery cell 111 facing the back surface 102 or the front surface 101 , d2 is the distance from the end battery cell 111 to the second side portion 22 along the second direction F2 .

[0048] It should be noted that if Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the first side portion 21 is a portion of the frame 20 corresponding to the back side 102 of the stack 10, that is, Figure 1 The second side portion 22 is the portion of the frame 20 corresponding to the circumferential side wall of the stack 10, that is, Figure 1 The portion below the middle dotted line K1. A transition connection portion may be provided between the first side portion 21 and the second side portion 22, and the first side portion 21 is connected to the second side portion 22 via the transition connection portion, so that the structure of the frame 20 is adapted to the structure of the stack 10.

[0049] Correspondingly, the positions and connection structures of the first insulating portion 31 and the second insulating portion 32 are similar and will not be described in detail herein.

[0050] It should be understood that the thickness D of the second insulating portion 32 is the thickness at any cross section of the second insulating portion 32 along the direction from the second side portion 22 to the side wall of the stack 10. The d1 is the straight-line distance from any point on the end surface of the battery cell layer 11 close to the second side portion 22 along the first direction F1 to the end surface of the second side portion 22 close to the stack 10. The d2 is the straight-line distance from any point on the end surface of the end bus bar 112 close to the second side portion 22 along the second direction F2 to the end surface of the second side portion 22 close to the stack 10, or, the straight-line distance from any point on the end surface of the end battery cell 111 close to the second side portion 22 along the second direction F2 to the end surface of the second side portion 22 close to the stack 10.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, by making the frame 20 cover at least part of the circumferential edge of the stack 10, and setting the insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the stack 10, the insulating layer 30 can not only play the role of bonding and fixing between the frame 20 and the stack 10, but also increase the creepage distance between the frame and the battery layer, and the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the insulating layer 30. Furthermore, by setting the value range of the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module in different directions, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the stack 10 and the insulation performance between the battery layer 11 and the frame 20 can be taken into account in different directions.

[0052] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic module may include a stack 10 and a frame 20, wherein the stack 10 is provided with a cell layer 11, and the stack 10 has a front side 101 and a back side 102 relative to each other, wherein the front side 101 is a side for receiving light, and the back side 102 is a side away from the front side 101, and the stack 10 is provided with a circumferential side wall on all sides, and the frame 20 is arranged around the stack 10, and the frame 20 is covered on at least part of the circumferential edge of the stack 10, so as to protect part or all of the circumferential edge of the stack 10 through the frame 20.

[0053] In a specific application, the photovoltaic module is formed by laminating at least a stack 10, an insulating layer 30 and a frame 20. In the embodiment of the present application, the stack 10, the insulating layer 30 and the frame 20 can be placed in a laminating device and subjected to hot pressing and forming by a one-time lamination forming method, thereby realizing the lamination forming of the stack 10, the insulating layer 30 and the frame 20, so that while laminating the stack 10 and the insulating layer 30, the frame 20 and the stack 10 can be connected and fixed. Compared with the traditional method of first laminating the laminate and then gluing and fixing the frame 20, the processing procedure can be greatly simplified, which helps to improve production efficiency.

[0054] It is understandable that in a photovoltaic module, if the insulating layer 30 is too thin, it will affect the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the stack 10, resulting in insufficient bonding force and poor bonding effect; and if the insulating layer 30 is too thick, the insulating layer 30 at different positions will shrink and expand unevenly during the hot pressing preparation process of the photovoltaic module, which will also affect the bonding effect between the frame 20 and the stack 10.

[0055] In some embodiments, in the photovoltaic module of the embodiment of the present application, the insulating layer 30 located between the frame 20 and the edge portion of the stack 10 can be connected to the packaging film layer 13 inside the stack 10, thereby improving the overall connection strength of the photovoltaic module, while also improving the sealing performance of the stack and increasing the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0056] The insulating layer 30 can be made of the same or similar material as the encapsulation film layer 13, so that after lamination, the insulating layer 30 and the encapsulation film layer 13 can form an integral structure. For example, the insulating layer 30 can be made of materials such as polyolefin elastomer (Polyolyaltha Olfin, POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Ethylene-Vinyl AcetateCopolymer, EVA), and polyvinyl butyral (Poly-Vinyl Butyral, PVB).

[0057] Of course, the insulating layer 30 may also be made of a material different from that of the packaging film layer 13 . Those skilled in the art may flexibly set the material of the insulating layer 30 as required, and this application does not limit this.

[0058] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 30 is white, which can reflect part of the incident light to the battery cell, improve the utilization rate of the incident light, and thus improve the power of the component. Preferably, the insulating layer 30 contains titanium dioxide, which can shield ultraviolet rays while improving the utilization rate of the incident light, thereby improving the anti-aging property of the component. In some other embodiments, other pigments, such as carbon black, white carbon black, etc., can also be added to the insulating layer 30. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set it according to needs, and this application does not limit it here.

[0059] In some embodiments, the battery cell layer 11 may include multiple battery strings, each battery string may be formed by multiple battery cells connected in series, and then the multiple battery strings may be connected in parallel through bus bars to form the battery cell layer 11, and the multiple battery cells in each battery string may be arranged at intervals along the second direction F2.

[0060] In the formed cell layer 11, the outermost cells at both ends of the second direction F2 are set as end cells 111, and two adjacent end cells 111 can be electrically connected through an end bus bar 112. The end bus bar 112 can be set on the outer side of the end cell 111 along the second direction F2, and can also be set on the side of the end cell 111 facing the front side 101 or the back side 102.

[0061] Specifically, the stack 10 has two first sides arranged opposite to each other along the first direction F1, and two second sides arranged opposite to each other along the second direction F2, wherein the first side can be the long side of the stack 10, and the second side can be the short side of the stack 10, that is, the first direction F1 is the width direction of the stack, and the second direction F2 is the length direction of the stack.

[0062] Furthermore, if Figures 1 to 3As shown, the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 can cover part or all of the first side of the stack 10, and cover part or all of the second side of the stack 10. A second insulating portion 32 is provided between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the first side of the stack 10, and between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the second side of the stack 10, so as to play a role in bonding and insulating the circumferential side wall between the frame 20 and the stack 10.

[0063] Among them, the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 is set between 10 and 400. If the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 is less than 10, the creepage distance between the battery layer 11 and the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 cannot be guaranteed, and there is a risk of leakage between the battery layer 11 and the frame 20, which poses a safety hazard. If the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 is greater than 400, at this time, either the d1 is too large, which will reduce the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module, or the D is too small and the second insulating portion 32 is too thin, which will reduce the bonding effect between the frame 20 and the stack 10. It should be understood that the setting principle of the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 can refer to the above content and will not be repeated here.

[0064] Exemplarily, the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 and / or the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 can be set to any value such as 10, 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, or a range between any two values.

[0065] In some embodiments, the range of the first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 can be set to: 20≤B1≤200, so that in the first direction F1, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the stack 10 can be better ensured while taking into account the creepage distance between the battery cell layer 11 and the frame 20.

[0066] In some embodiments, the range of the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 can be set to: 20≤B2≤200, so that in the second direction F2, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the stack 10 can be better ensured while taking into account the creepage distance between the battery cell layer 11 and the frame 20.

[0067] Optionally, the distance from the end battery cell 111 to the first side portion 21 along the first direction F1 or the second direction F2 is X, and the distance from the end battery cell 111 to the first insulating portion 31 along the first direction F1 or the second direction F2 is Y, satisfying: |XY|≤7mm.

[0068] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the difference range of the distance X between the end battery cell 111 and the first side portion 21 and the distance Y between the end battery cell 111 and the first insulating portion 31, the bonding performance between the first insulating portion 31 and the first side portion 21 and the stack 10 is ensured, while reducing the shielding of the battery cell layer 11 by the overflowing glue portion of the insulating layer 30, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0069] It can be understood that when the value of |XY| is greater than 7mm, one situation is that the first insulating portion 31 has a larger overflow portion relative to the first side portion 21. Although it helps to improve the bonding effect, the larger overflow portion will block the light entering the end battery cell 111, thereby reducing the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module; another situation is that the first insulating portion 31 is more retracted relative to the first side portion 21, and there is a larger gap area between the edge portion of the first side portion 21 and the stack 10 where the insulating layer 30 is not set. Although the light blocking of the end battery cell 111 due to the overflow of the first insulating portion 31 is avoided, due to the large gap area where the insulating layer 30 is not set, the bonding effect between the first side portion 21 and the stack 10 is poor.

[0070] Specifically, the difference |XY| between the distance X from the end battery cell 111 to the first side portion 21 and the distance Y from the end battery cell 111 to the first insulating portion 31 can be set to any value such as 0mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, or a range between any two values.

[0071] The distance X is the straight-line distance from any point on the outermost edge of the end battery cell 111 in the battery cell layer 11 to the end surface of the first side portion 21 close to the battery cell layer 11 in the first direction F1 or in the second direction F2. The distance Y is the straight-line distance from any point on the outermost edge of the end battery cell 111 in the battery cell layer 11 to the edge of the first insulating portion 31 close to the battery cell layer 11 in the first direction F1 or in the second direction F2.

[0072] Optionally, the distance from one end of the first side portion 21 away from the second side portion 22 to the edge of the stack 10 is n1, the distance from one end of the first insulating portion 31 away from the second insulating portion 32 to the edge of the stack 10 is n2, and the thickness of the first insulating portion 31 is t, satisfying: |n1-n2|≤2t.

[0073] It should be understood that the thickness t of the first insulating portion 31 is the thickness of any cross section of the first insulating portion 31 along the direction from the first side portion 21 to the stacked element 10 .

[0074] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the difference range between the distance n1 from the edge of the first side portion 21 to the edge of the stack 10 and the distance n2 from the edge of the first insulating portion 31 to the edge of the stack 10, the bonding performance of the first insulating portion 31 to the first side portion 21 and the stack 10 can be ensured, while also reducing the obstruction of the battery cell layer 11 by the overflowing glue portion of the insulating layer 30, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0075] It is understandable that if the value of |n1-n2| is too large, one situation is that the first insulating portion 31 has a larger overflow portion relative to the first side portion 21. Although it helps to improve the bonding effect, the larger overflow portion will block the light incident on the end battery cell 111, thereby reducing the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module; another situation is that the first insulating portion 31 is more retracted relative to the first side portion 21, and there is a larger gap area between the edge portion of the first side portion 21 and the stack 10 where the insulating layer 30 is not set. Although the light blocking of the end battery cell 111 due to the overflow of the first insulating portion 31 is avoided, due to the large gap area where the insulating layer 30 is not set, the bonding effect between the first side portion 21 and the stack 10 is poor.

[0076] Alternatively, if Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the stack 10 also includes a packaging film layer 13, the cell layer 11 is embedded in the packaging film layer 13, and the thickness direction of the stack 10 is the third direction F3; the thickness of the stack 10 is h2, and the length of the second side portion 22 along the thickness direction of the stack 10 is h3, satisfying: |h2-h3|≤0.5(b+t), b is the thickness of the packaging film layer 13 in the photovoltaic module, and t is the thickness of the first insulating portion 31.

[0077] It is understandable that during the lamination preparation process of the photovoltaic module, the thickness of the first insulating part 31 and the packaging film layer 13 will change before and after lamination. In the present application, the dimensional difference between the thickness h2 of the stack 10 and the length h3 of the second side portion 22 is controlled based on the thickness of the packaging film layer 13 and the thickness of the first insulating part 31 in the photovoltaic module, so as to better accommodate the manufacturing errors of the photovoltaic module and ensure the protection of the frame 20 on the circumferential sides of the stack 10, as well as the effect of preventing dust and water accumulation.

[0078] In some embodiments, |h2-h3| can be set equal to 0, so as to meet the processing requirements and ensure the protection of the frame 20 on the circumferential side of the stack 10. Of course, the specific difference of |h2-h3| can be flexibly set according to the design requirements of the photovoltaic module, and is not limited here.

[0079] Alternatively, if Figure 7As shown, the length of the second insulating portion 32 along the third direction F3 is h1, satisfying: h3≤h1≤h2. By setting the size relationship between h2, h3, and h1, the frame 20 can protect the circumferential side of the stack 10, thereby preventing dust and water accumulation.

[0080] It is understandable that if Figure 1 As shown, the stacking direction of the front plate 12, the encapsulation film layer 13 and the back plate 14 in the stack 10 is the thickness direction of the stack 10, that is, the third direction F3. Among them, h1 refers to the straight-line distance from the end surface of the second insulating portion 32 facing the front side 101 of the stack 10 to the back side 102 of the stack 10 along the thickness direction of the stack 10. h3 refers to the straight-line distance from the end surface of the second side portion 22 facing the front side 101 of the stack 10 to the back side 102 of the stack 10 along the thickness direction of the stack 10.

[0081] Alternatively, if Figure 7 and Fig. 9 As shown, the insulating layer 30 includes a base layer 301 and an adhesive layer 302 , the base layer 301 is arranged between the frame 20 and the stack 10 , the base layer 301 has an adhesive layer 302 on the side facing the frame 20 , and / or the base layer 301 has an adhesive layer 302 on the side facing the stack 10 .

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting a base layer 301 in the insulating layer 30, the overall strength and connection performance of the insulating layer 30 can be guaranteed. At the same time, by setting an adhesive layer 302 between the base layer 301 and the frame 20 and / or the stack 10, the bonding performance between the base layer 301 and the frame 20 and / or the stack 10 can be improved, thereby ensuring the bonding and fixing effect of the insulating layer 30 on the frame 20 and the stack 10.

[0083] It is understandable that the base layer 301 in the insulating layer 30 is softened by heat during the hot pressing process, and can play a role in bonding the frame 20 and the stacked piece 10. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present application, an adhesive layer 302 is further provided on the surface of the base layer 301 to enhance the bonding effect between the insulating layer 30 and the frame 20 and / or the stacked piece 10. At the same time, the adhesive layer 302 can also be used to pre-fix the insulating layer 30 and the frame 20 and / or the stacked piece 10 before lamination, so as to facilitate the process operation.

[0084] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the adhesive layer 302 is smaller than the area of ​​the base layer 301, thereby preventing the adhesive layer 302 with poor weather resistance and easy aging from affecting the service life of the component. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 302 is further preferably in a discontinuous dot or line shape, which ensures that the adhesive layer 302 plays a pre-fixing role while further reducing the impact of the adhesive layer 302 with poor weather resistance and easy aging on the service life of the component.

[0085] It is understandable that in the present application, the adhesive layer 302 is provided in the insulating layer 30 to facilitate the pre-fixation of the insulating layer 30 with the frame 20 and / or the stack 10 during the processing, while the position on the base layer 301 where the adhesive layer 302 is not provided is mainly bonded and fixed with the frame 20 and / or the stack 10 by the softening of the base layer 301. Since the weather resistance of the adhesive layer 302 is relatively poor and it is easy to age, with the use of the component, the position where the adhesive layer 302 is provided in the insulating layer 30 is prone to the risk of peeling or even falling off. Therefore, by setting the size and shape of the adhesive layer 302 on the base layer 301, it can be ensured that the adhesive layer 302 is used to play a pre-fixing role, and the influence of the adhesive layer 302 on the service life of the component during use can be reduced.

[0086] The area of ​​the adhesive layer 302 refers to the contact area between the adhesive layer 302 and the base layer 301 , and the area of ​​the base layer 301 refers to the surface area of ​​the base layer 301 facing the adhesive layer 302 .

[0087] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the thickness t of the first insulating portion 31 is 0.1 mm-1 mm. By setting the thickness range of the first insulating portion 31 in the insulating layer 30, the bonding ability of the first insulating portion 31 to the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back side 102 of the stack 10 is guaranteed, and at the same time, the first insulating portion 31 is prevented from being too thick to affect the actual lamination molding and increase the production cost.

[0088] Exemplarily, the thickness t of the first insulating portion 31 can be set to any value such as 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, or a range between any two values.

[0089] In other embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the thickness D of the second insulating portion 32 is 0.1 mm to 1 mm. By setting the thickness range of the second insulating portion 32 in the insulating layer 30, the bonding ability of the second insulating portion 32 to the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the circumferential side wall of the stack 10 is ensured, and at the same time, the second insulating portion 32 is prevented from being too thick to affect the actual lamination molding and increase the production cost.

[0090] Exemplarily, the thickness D of the second insulating portion 32 can be set to any value such as 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, or a range between any two values.

[0091] Alternatively, if Figure 1 As shown, the first insulating portion 31 is at least partially exposed from the first side portion 21 to form an overflowing glue portion 311, and the width of the overflowing glue portion 311 is 0 mm to 7 mm along the direction from the edge to the center of the back surface 102. For example, the width of the overflowing glue portion 311 can be set to any value such as 0 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, or a range between any two values.

[0092] In the embodiment of the present application, the first insulating portion 31 is at least partially exposed to the first side portion 21 to form an overflowing glue portion 311, so as to ensure that the first insulating portion 31 can be fully filled between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back side 102 of the stack 10, thereby ensuring the bonding effect of the insulating layer 30 on the first side portion 21 and the back side 102 of the stack 10. At the same time, by controlling the width of the overflowing glue portion 311, while ensuring the bonding ability of the first insulating portion 31, it is avoided that too much overflowing glue portion 311 forms a large shielding on the surface of the stack 10, thereby ensuring the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0093] It is understandable that if Figure 1 As shown, if the width of the overflow glue portion 311 is too large, the overflow glue portion 311 will block the light entering the end battery cell 111, reducing the light conversion efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, by setting a reasonable value for the width of the overflow glue portion 311, the overflow glue portion 311 can reduce the blocking of the battery cell layer 11 while ensuring the bonding performance of the insulating layer 30 to the frame 20 and the back side 102 of the stack 10.

[0094] Alternatively, if Figure 4 As shown, the stack 10 also includes a front plate 12, a packaging film layer 13 and a back plate 14 stacked in sequence, the battery layer 11 is embedded in the packaging film layer 13, and the packaging film layer 13 at least partially extends between the frame 20 and the stack 10 to form at least a part of the insulating layer 30.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present application, the packaging film layer 13 in the stack 10 is at least partially extended to between the frame 20 and the stack 10 to form a part of the insulating layer 30, so that the insulating layer 30 and the packaging film layer 13 form an integral structure, so that the packaging film layer 13 of the stack 10 can be used to bond the frame 20, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the photovoltaic module.

[0096] It can be understood that in the photovoltaic module, the packaging film layer 13 is formed by hot pressing and fusion of a packaging film laid on the upper layer of the battery cell layer 11 and a packaging film arranged on the lower layer of the battery cell layer 11, so that at least one layer of the upper and lower packaging films can be extended to between the frame 20 and the stack 10, and then, after hot pressing, a part of the insulating layer 30 is formed by the epitaxial part of the packaging film.

[0097] Alternatively, if Fig.14 As shown, the present application also provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, which is used to prepare the photovoltaic module in the above embodiment. The specific steps of the preparation method include the following:

[0098] Step 101 , providing a pre-laminated component 10 a , a frame 20 , and an insulating adhesive film 30 a , and determining the size of the insulating adhesive film 30 a .

[0099] It should be noted that if Figure 6 As shown, the pre-laminated part 10a in the embodiment of the present application refers to the state of the laminated part 10 before lamination, and the pre-laminated part 10a includes a back plate 14, a packaging film 13a, a battery cell layer 11 and a front plate 12, and the packaging film 13a covers the upper and lower sides of the battery cell layer 11. During the lamination process, the packaging film 13a will be softened by heat to form a packaging film layer 13, and the packaging film layer 13 will fully fill the gap between the back plate 14 and the front plate 12, and play a role in packaging and protecting the battery cell layer 11.

[0100] The cell layer 11 may be formed by connecting a plurality of cells in series and / or in parallel, and the encapsulation film 13a in the pre-laminated part 10a may be provided as one or more layers. Of course, other structural layers may also be provided in the pre-laminated part 10a, which may be flexibly arranged according to the specific structural requirements of the photovoltaic module, and are not limited here.

[0101] Furthermore, a suitable frame 20 is selected based on the size of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the required size of the insulating adhesive film 30a is determined according to the lamination process.

[0102] Step 102 , assembling the pre-laminated component 10 a , the frame 20 , and the insulating adhesive film 30 a together to form the component to be laminated 100 .

[0103] Specifically, the frame 20 is installed on the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the insulating adhesive film 30a is laid between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a to form the laminated component 100 for subsequent lamination.

[0104] In some embodiments, Figure 6 , Fig. 9 , Fig.11 As shown in FIG. 3 , an adhesive layer 302 may be provided on at least one side of the insulating adhesive film 30a. Figures 8 to 10 As shown, when assembling the laminated component 100, the insulating film 30a can be first laid into the groove of the frame 20, and the insulating film 30a and the frame 20 can be bonded and fixed using the adhesive layer 302. Then, the frame 20 with the insulating film 30a can be installed to the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a to form the laminated component 100.

[0105] Or, if Figures 5 to 7 As shown, when assembling the laminated component 100, the insulating film 30a can be first laid on the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the insulating film 30a can be bonded and fixed to the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a using the adhesive layer 302. Then, the frame 20 can be buckled onto the four edges of the pre-laminated component 10a so that the insulating film 30a is located between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a to form the laminated component 100.

[0106] Specifically, the adhesive layer 302 can be formed by coating insulating glue on the surface of the insulating film 30a, or by laying insulating tape on the surface of the insulating film 30a to form the adhesive layer 302, or other materials can be used to form the adhesive layer 302 with bonding function, and the glue can be polyacrylate, epoxy resin and other commonly used glues in the field. Those skilled in the art can flexibly set it according to actual needs, and no limitation is made here. In some embodiments, the area of ​​the adhesive layer 302 is smaller than the area of ​​the base layer, so as to avoid the adhesive layer 302 with poor weather resistance and easy aging affecting the service life of the component. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 302 is further preferably discontinuous dots or lines, which ensures that the adhesive layer 302 plays a pre-fixing role while further reducing the influence of the adhesive layer 302 with poor weather resistance and easy aging on the service life of the component.

[0107] Step 103 , laminating the to-be-laminated parts 100 , so that the pre-laminated parts 10 a form the laminated parts 10 , and filling the insulating adhesive film 30 a between the frame 20 and the laminated parts 10 to form the insulating layer 30 .

[0108] Specifically, the laminated component 100 in step 102 is sent to the laminating device, and the packaging film 13a in the pre-laminated component 10a is softened by heat to form a packaging film layer 13 through heating and lamination, which plays a role in encapsulating and protecting the battery cell layer 11, and at the same time, it can also play a role in connecting and fixing the back plate 14 and the front plate 12 to form the final laminate 10. At the same time, the insulating film 30a can flow and fill the gap between the frame 20 and the laminate 10 after being softened by heat, so as to form an insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the laminate 10, so as to achieve bonding and fixing between the frame 20 and the laminate 10.

[0109] It should be noted that when performing the lamination process of the laminate 100 , the pre-laminated member 10a can be placed with the back plate 14 facing upward, or with the front plate 12 facing upward, which is not limited here.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present application, the size of the insulating film 30a is set before lamination to control the thickness of the insulating layer 30 in the laminated photovoltaic module, thereby controlling the size of the creepage adjustment coefficient B and the anti-shielding coefficient Z of the photovoltaic module, thereby ensuring that the creepage distance from the cell layer 11 to the frame 20 in the laminated photovoltaic module meets the requirements, thereby improving the safety performance of the photovoltaic module, and at the same time reducing the shielding of the cell layer 11 by the frame 20 and the insulating layer 30, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0111] In addition, by adopting the molding method in the present application, the frame 20 can be bonded and fixed while laminating the pre-laminated part 10a. Compared with the traditional method of first laminating the laminated part and then gluing and fixing the frame 20, the processing steps can be greatly simplified, which helps to improve production efficiency. In addition, during the lamination process, as the encapsulation film 13a in the pre-laminated part 10a is heated and softened, part of the encapsulation film 13a will overflow from the surrounding side walls of the pre-laminated part 10a and combine with the insulating film 30a to form the final insulating layer 30, which helps to improve the connection firmness of the frame 20 and improve the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0112] Alternatively, if Fig.12 As shown, the pre-laminated component 10a has a front side 101 and a back side 102 arranged opposite to each other along a third direction F3, and the frame 20 includes a first side portion 21 and a second side portion 22 connected to each other; in the laminated component 100, the first side portion 21 at least partially covers the four edges of the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the second side portion 22 surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component 10a; the insulating film 30a is arranged between the first side portion 21 and the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and there is a gap 23 between the second side portion 22 and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component 10a.

[0113] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the size of the insulating film 30a in the laminated component 100, the insulating film 30a is set between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and a certain gap 23 is reserved between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the surrounding side walls of the pre-laminated component 10a. Then, when the laminated component 100 is hot-pressed, the insulating film 30a is softened by the heat, and part of the insulating film 30a overflows into the gap 23, thereby forming an insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a, thereby achieving the bonding effect between the frame 20 and the formed laminated component 10.

[0114] Furthermore, by adopting the preparation method of the present application, the amount of insulating adhesive film 30a can be reasonably controlled, and the production cost can be reduced. While ensuring the bonding and sealing properties of the insulating layer 30, it is easy to control the overflow of adhesive on the surface of the photovoltaic module, reduce the obstruction of the surface of the photovoltaic module, and improve the aesthetics.

[0115] It is understandable that when the pre-laminated component 100 is laminated, the front side 101 of the pre-laminated component 10a can be placed downward in a laminating device for hot pressing so that the insulating adhesive film 30a can be softened by heat and flow downward more easily to fill between the frame 20 and the surrounding side walls of the pre-laminated component 10a.

[0116] Alternatively, if Fig.12 As shown, along the direction from the second side portion 22 to the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminate 10a, the size of the gap 23 is M, which satisfies: 0.1 mm≤M≤1 mm.

[0117] In the embodiment of the present application, a reasonable value range of the size M of the gap 23 is set to control the size of the gap 23 between the frame 20 in the laminated component 100 and the surrounding side walls of the pre-laminated component 10a, so as to avoid the gap 23 being too large, which would cause the insulating film 30a to be unable to effectively fill the gap 23, affecting the bonding performance to the frame 20 and the sealing performance around the photovoltaic component; at the same time, it is also avoided that the gap 23 is too small, causing more insulating film 30a to overflow onto the surface of the photovoltaic component and affect the performance and aesthetics of the component.

[0118] Exemplarily, the size M of the gap 23 can be set to any value such as 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm and 1 mm, or a range between any two values.

[0119] Alternatively, if Fig.13 As shown, the pre-laminated component 10a has a front side 101 and a back side 102 arranged opposite to each other along a third direction F3, and the frame 20 includes a first side portion 21 and a second side portion 22 connected to each other; in the laminated component 100, the first side portion 21 at least partially covers the four edges of the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the second side portion 22 surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component 10a; the insulating film 30a is arranged between the first side portion 21 and the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and the insulating film 30a at least partially extends to between the second side portion 22 and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component 10a.

[0120] In the embodiment of the present application, the size of the insulating film 30a in the laminated component 100 is set so that the insulating film 30a is located between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back side 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and at least partially extends between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component 10a. When the laminated component 100 is hot-pressed, the insulating film 30a is softened by heat and flows to fill between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a, so as to form an insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a, and achieve the bonding and fixing effect of the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a. In this way, it can be ensured that the insulating film 30a can fully fill the gap 23 between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a during the lamination process, so as to enhance the bonding and fixing effect of the insulating layer 30 on the frame 20 and the laminated component 10 after forming.

[0121] In some embodiments, the insulating film 30a may include a first film disposed between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the pre-laminated component 10a, and a second film disposed between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the surrounding side walls of the pre-laminated component 10a. The first film and the second film may be an integral structure or a separate structure.

[0122] Furthermore, the thickness of the first adhesive film and the thickness of the second adhesive film may be the same or different, and may be flexibly set according to actual needs, which is not limited here.

[0123] Alternatively, if Fig.13 As shown, along the third direction F3, the dimension of the insulating film 30a extending to the portion between the second side portion 22 and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component 10a is H1, and the thickness of the pre-laminated component 10a is H2, satisfying: 0mm≤H1≤H2.

[0124] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting the size range of the insulating film 30a extending to the portion between the second side portion 22 and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component 10a, it is ensured that the insulating film 30a can fully fill the gap between the frame 20 and the pre-laminated component 10a after being softened by heat, and it is also possible to avoid excessive insulating film 30a causing a large amount of overflow of glue on the surface of the formed photovoltaic module, thereby affecting the performance and aesthetics of the photovoltaic module.

[0125] Alternatively, if Figure 6 As shown, along the third direction F3, the distance from the end of the second side portion 22 away from the first side portion 21 to the back side 102 is H3, and the thickness of the pre-laminated component 10a is H2, satisfying: 0<H2-H3≤0.5(B+T); wherein B is the thickness of the packaging film 13a in the pre-laminated component 10a, and T is the thickness of the insulating film 30a.

[0126] It is understandable that when laminating the laminate 100, as the insulating film 30a and the packaging film 13a in the pre-laminated part 10a are deformed by heat, the frame 20 will change position along the third direction F3. For this reason, in the embodiment of the present application, by setting H2-H3≤0.5(B+T), there is a height difference between the lower end face of the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the front face 101 of the pre-laminated part 10a, so as to better match the requirements of the lamination process and improve the process quality. At the same time, by setting H2-H3>0, there is a height difference between the end face of the second side portion 22 facing the front side of the pre-laminated part 10a and the front face of the pre-laminated part 10a before lamination, so as to facilitate the lamination operation and reduce the influence of the frame 20 on the lamination process.

[0127] Among them, if H2-H3 is greater than 0.5 (B+T), the height difference between the second side portion 22 and the pre-laminated component 10a will be relatively large, and after lamination, insufficient glue filling between the second side portion 22 and the laminated component 10 may occur, and there may be relatively large gaps between the second side portion 22 and the laminated component 10, thus affecting the bonding strength between the frame 20 and the laminated component 10.

[0128] Alternatively, if Figure 6 As shown, the distance from one end of the first side portion 21 away from the second side portion 22 to the edge of the pre-laminated member 10a is N1, the distance from the edge of the insulating film 30a covering the back side 102 to the edge of the pre-laminated member 10a is N2, and the thickness of the insulating film 30a is T, satisfying: 0<|N1-N2|≤2T.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present application, by setting |N1-N2| to be greater than 0, a filling space is reserved between the edge of the first side portion 21 and the pre-laminated member 10a for the thermal deformation of the insulating adhesive film 30a, thereby helping to reduce the overflow of adhesive on the back of the photovoltaic module after lamination. At the same time, the upper limit of |N1-N2| is controlled to ensure the bonding effect between the frame 20 and the laminated member 10.

[0130] It is understandable that if |N1-N2| is greater than 2T, there will be a gap between the edge portion of the first side portion 21 and the stack 10 in the laminated photovoltaic module, resulting in insufficient glue filling between the first side portion 21 and the stack 10, affecting the bonding strength between the frame 20 and the stack 10.

[0131] It should be noted that the insulating film 30a may include a first film disposed between the first side portion 21 of the frame 20 and the back surface 102 of the pre-laminated member 10a, and a second film disposed between the second side portion 22 of the frame 20 and the surrounding side walls of the pre-laminated member 10a, and the thickness T is the thickness of the second film. The thickness of the first film may be flexibly set according to actual needs, and may be the same as or different from the thickness of the second film.

[0132] Alternatively, if Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, in the laminate 100, the thickness T of the insulating film 30a satisfies: 0.3mm≤T≤1mm. For example, the thickness T of the insulating film 30a can be set to any value such as 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, or a range between any two values.

[0133] In the embodiment of the present application, a reasonable value range of the thickness T of the insulating film 30a is set to control the thickness of the insulating film 30a in the laminated component 100, thereby preventing the thickness of the insulating film 30a from being too thin, which may result in failure to form an effective insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the laminated component 10 to achieve bonding after lamination; at the same time, it is also prevented that the thickness of the insulating film 30a is too thick, which not only increases the production cost, but also makes it difficult for the insulating film 30a to soften and flow due to heat during the lamination process, which will ultimately affect the bonding performance of the formed insulating layer 30.

[0134] Optionally, the present application also provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the photovoltaic assembly in the above embodiment.

[0135] In the embodiment of the present application, by making the frame 20 cover at least part of the circumferential edge of the stack 10, and setting the insulating layer 30 between the frame 20 and the stack 10, the insulating layer 30 can not only play the role of bonding and fixing between the frame 20 and the stack 10, but also increase the creepage distance between the frame and the battery layer, and the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module can be controlled by adjusting the thickness of the insulating layer 30. Furthermore, by setting the value range of the creepage adjustment coefficient of the photovoltaic module in different directions, the bonding performance between the frame 20 and the stack 10 and the insulation performance between the battery layer 11 and the frame 20 can be taken into account in different directions.

[0136] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0137] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A stack, a frame and an insulating layer, wherein the frame covers at least a portion of the circumferential edge of the stack, the insulating layer is arranged between the frame and the stack, a battery sheet layer is arranged in the stack, and the stack has a front side and a back side arranged oppositely; The frame includes a first side portion and a second side portion connected to each other, the first side portion at least partially covers the edges of the back side of the stack, and the second side portion surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential side wall of the stack; the insulating layer includes a first insulating portion and a second insulating portion, the first insulating portion is arranged between the first side portion and the back side of the stack, and the second insulating portion is arranged between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the stack; The stack has two first sides arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, and two second sides arranged opposite to each other along a second direction, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; end battery cells and end bus bars are respectively arranged at two ends of the battery cell layer along the second direction, and the end bus bars are electrically connected to the end battery cells; The photovoltaic assembly has a first creepage adjustment coefficient in the first direction and a second creepage adjustment coefficient in the second direction; The first creepage adjustment coefficient B1=d1 / D satisfies: 10≤B1≤400; wherein d1 is the distance from the battery layer to the second side portion along the first direction, and D is the thickness of the second insulating portion; The second creepage adjustment coefficient B2=d2 / D satisfies: 10≤B2≤400; wherein D is the thickness of the second insulating portion, In the case where the end bus bar is disposed between the end battery sheet and the second side, d2 is the distance from the end bus bar to the second side along the second direction; In the case where the end bus bar is disposed on a side of the end battery cell facing the back surface or the front surface, d2 is a distance from the end battery cell to the second side portion along the second direction.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first creepage adjustment coefficient B1 satisfies: 20≤B1≤200, and / or the second creepage adjustment coefficient B2 satisfies: 20≤B2≤200.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance from the end battery cell to the first side portion along the first direction or the second direction is X, and the distance from the end battery cell to the first insulating portion along the first direction or the second direction is Y, satisfying: |XY|≤7mm; And / or, the distance from one end of the first side away from the second side to the edge of the stack is n1, the distance from one end of the first insulating part away from the second insulating part to the edge of the stack is n2, and the thickness of the first insulating part is t, satisfying: |n1-n2|≤2t.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stack also includes a packaging film layer, the battery cell layer is embedded in the packaging film layer, and the thickness direction of the stack is a third direction; the thickness of the stack is h2, and the length of the second side along the third direction is h3, satisfying: |h2-h3|≤0.5(b+t), wherein b is the thickness of the packaging film layer, and t is the thickness of the first insulating portion; and / or the length of the second insulating portion along the third direction is h1, satisfying: h3≤h1≤h2.

5. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The insulating layer comprises a base layer and an adhesive layer, wherein the base layer is disposed between the frame and the stack, the adhesive layer is disposed on a side of the base layer facing the frame, and / or the adhesive layer is disposed on a side of the base layer facing the stack; and / or, the insulating layer is white, preferably containing titanium dioxide; And / or, the area of ​​the adhesive layer is smaller than the area of ​​the base layer, and the adhesive layer is further preferably in a discontinuous dot or line shape.

6. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the first insulating portion is: 0.1mm-1mm; and / or, the thickness of the second insulating part is: 0.1mm-1mm; and / or, the first insulating part is at least partially exposed from the first side to form an overflow part, and the width of the overflow part along the edge to the center of the back side is 0mm~7mm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The stack also includes a front plate, a packaging film layer and a back plate stacked in sequence, the battery layer is embedded in the packaging film layer, and the packaging film layer at least partially extends between the frame and the stack to form at least a part of the insulating layer.

8. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, for preparing the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Providing pre-laminated parts, frames and insulating films, and determining the size of the insulating films; Assembling the pre-laminated component, the frame and the insulating adhesive film together to form a component to be laminated; The to-be-laminated parts are laminated to form laminated parts from the pre-laminated parts, and the insulating adhesive film is filled between the frame and the laminated parts to form an insulating layer.

9. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pre-laminated member has a front side and a back side disposed opposite to each other along a third direction, and the frame includes a first side portion and a second side portion connected to each other; In the part to be laminated, the first side portion at least partially covers the four edges of the back side of the pre-laminated part, and the second side portion surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated part; the insulating film is arranged between the first side portion and the back side of the pre-laminated part, and there is a gap between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated part; preferably, along the direction from the second side portion to the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated part, the gap size is M, satisfying: 0.1mm≤M≤1mm.

10. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pre-laminated member has a front side and a back side disposed opposite to each other along a third direction, and the frame includes a first side portion and a second side portion connected to each other; In the pre-laminated component, the first side portion at least partially covers the four edges of the back side of the pre-laminated component, and the second side portion surrounds and covers part or all of the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component; the insulating film is arranged between the first side portion and the back side of the pre-laminated component, and the film at least partially extends between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component.

11. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that: Along the third direction, the dimension of the insulating film extending to the portion between the second side portion and the circumferential side wall of the pre-laminated component is H1, and the thickness of the pre-laminated component is H2, satisfying: 0 mm ≤ H1 ≤ H2; And / or, along the third direction, the distance from one end of the second side away from the first side to the back side is H3, and the thickness of the pre-laminated component is H2, satisfying: 0<H2-H3≤0.5(B+T); wherein B is the thickness of the packaging film in the pre-laminated component, and T is the thickness of the insulating film.

12. The method for preparing a photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that: The distance from one end of the first side away from the second side to the edge of the pre-laminated part is N1, the distance from the edge of the insulating film covering the back part to the edge of the pre-laminated part is N2, and the thickness of the insulating film is T, satisfying: 0<|N1-N2|≤2T.

13. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: An adhesive layer is provided on at least one side surface of the insulating film. In the laminated part, the insulating film is bonded and fixed to the frame through the adhesive layer, and / or the insulating film is bonded and fixed to the pre-laminated part through the adhesive layer; and / or the insulating layer is white, preferably containing titanium dioxide; and / or the area of ​​the adhesive layer is smaller than the area of ​​the base layer, and the adhesive layer is further preferably discontinuous dots or lines; and / or the thickness T of the insulating film satisfies: 0.3mm≤T≤1mm.

14. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: Comprising the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images