Method for quickly recovering native landform and vegetation in northwest construction disturbance area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation and ecological restoration, in particular to a rapid restoration method for native landforms and vegetation in a northwest construction disturbance area. The method comprises the following steps: before construction, performing investigation and sampling analysis on vegetation types and soil layers of a to-be-disturbed area, and acquiring topographic and geomorphic information of the construction disturbed area by adopting an unmanned aerial vehicle; in the construction process, shrubs in a construction disturbance area are numbered and transplanted, and turfs and soil of all layers are stripped in a layered mode; after construction is finished, soil backfilling maintenance is conducted according to the soil profile hierarchical configuration; shrub plants are transplanted, herbaceous plants are sown, and meanwhile vegetation in the construction disturbance area is managed and maintained. According to the method, the steps are clear, a complete system is formed through a series of operations including vegetation and soil investigation, transplanting, stripping, backfilling, sowing, maintenance and the like, all the steps are closely connected, operation confusion and repeated labor are avoided, and the efficiency and effect of landform disturbance and vegetation recovery work are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration, and in particular to a method for quickly restoring native landforms and vegetation in a construction disturbance area in northwest China. Background Art

[0002] The northwest region is dry and rainless, and the ecological environment is fragile. The construction process usually causes structural damage and functional disorder of the ecosystem, threatening the ecological and environmental safety of the region. Due to the limitations of natural conditions, ecological restoration projects are difficult to be effective in the short term. At present, the method for restoring the landform and vegetation in the construction-disturbed area is usually to import soil from other places, which is not only costly, but also has great differences in physical and chemical properties from the original soil, resulting in poor growth of the original vegetation during the restoration process, and after restoration, it is not coordinated with the surrounding original landform landscape. In addition, in the past, there were problems in the selection of vegetation, such as single species, few excellent native tree species and grass species, and poor ecological stability, making it difficult to truly and effectively achieve rapid restoration of the ecological environment in the construction-disturbed area.

[0003] Construction disturbances damage soil structure and profiles, leading to increased soil compaction and changes in pore structure, which in turn affect soil permeability, aeration, and water retention capacity, exacerbating soil erosion. At the same time, the original plant communities are destroyed during construction, increasing the risk of ecological environmental degradation and reducing the stability of the ecosystem. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method that can quickly restore the original landforms and vegetation in response to the ecological restoration needs of construction disturbance areas. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in construction disturbance areas in Northwest China, which can effectively control soil erosion, improve soil structure, and enhance biodiversity and ecosystem service functions.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for quickly restoring native landforms and vegetation in a construction disturbance area in Northwest China, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Before construction, investigate the vegetation types in the proposed construction area;

[0007] S2. Investigate the soil profile layers in the construction disturbance area and conduct stratified sampling and analysis;

[0008] S3. Use drones to obtain topographic information of the construction disturbance area;

[0009] S4. During the construction process, the shrubs in the construction disturbance area are numbered and transplanted, and the turf and soil layers are peeled off from top to bottom;

[0010] S5. After the construction is completed, soil backfilling and terrain reshaping are carried out in layers according to the soil profile configuration;

[0011] S6. Replant shrubs, re-lay turf and sow herbaceous plants, and manage and maintain the restored vegetation in the construction disturbance area.

[0012] Preferably, the specific steps of step S1 include: before construction, according to the topography and spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation, survey sampling points are set in the planned construction area, and 3-5 repeated sampling plots are set at each sampling point to conduct plant community surveys to determine the species, quantity and location information of native plants in the construction area.

[0013] Preferably, the specific steps of step S2 include: investigating the soil profile structure of the construction disturbance area, dividing the soil occurrence layers and collecting samples, and measuring the soil layer thickness and soil bulk density.

[0014] Preferably, the specific steps of step S3 include: using a drone to obtain aerial survey images of the construction disturbance area; performing internal processing on the captured images, using processing software to stitch the images captured by the drone to form images before the construction disturbance, and obtaining the topographic features and vegetation coverage of the construction area.

[0015] Preferably, the specific steps of numbering and transplanting shrubs and stripping turf in step S4 include: numbering the shrubs in the construction area, transplanting the shrubs with a soil ball of 0.5-0.7m in diameter at the root, shading the shrubs after transplanting, and watering them regularly; stripping the turf to a depth of 5-10cm.

[0016] Preferably, the specific steps of stripping each layer of soil in step S4 include: determining the soil stripping depth according to the hierarchical structural characteristics of the soil profile in the construction area, and stripping the planting surface soil and deep soil in layers; and storing and covering each layer of soil after stripping.

[0017] Preferably, the specific steps of step S5 include: after the construction is completed, the soil is backfilled according to the soil layer, soil layer thickness, and soil bulk density determined in step S2, and the soil layer, fertility level, and micro-topography before the disturbance are reconstructed by layered backfilling to restore the soil productivity and topography; a water-retaining agent is spread on the surface soil, and the water-retaining agent is fully mixed with the soil by plowing or covering.

[0018] Preferably, the specific steps of replanting the shrubs in step S6 include: replanting the transplanted shrubs according to their numbers, with the depth of the planting holes being 0.6-0.8m, pruning and watering after transplanting, and the soil moisture being not less than 30% of the field water holding capacity.

[0019] Preferably, the specific steps of re-laying the turf layer and sowing the herbaceous plants in step S6 include: before planting the herbaceous plants, cultivating the surface soil of the construction disturbance area, fertilizing, and leveling the ground; re-laying the turf layer; mixing the herbaceous plant seeds with a suspended seed coating agent, and sowing the dried seeds.

[0020] Preferably, the specific steps of management and maintenance in step S6 include: during the vegetation growth recovery process, timely irrigation according to weather and soil conditions to ensure that the soil moisture is not less than 30% of the field water holding capacity.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] The present invention preserves the original plant species and ecological community structure in the construction disturbance area to the greatest extent by investigating, marking and transplanting the native vegetation; shrub restoration and herbaceous seeding further rebuild the native vegetation system, which helps to restore the ecological balance and maintain biodiversity.

[0023] The present invention investigates, strips and reconstructs the soil by backfilling, following the principles of soil genesis, restoring the productivity and topography of the soil, which is conducive to the re-habitat and reproduction of soil microorganisms, animals and other components of the soil ecosystem, and ensuring the normal functioning of the soil ecological function.

[0024] The entire restoration method of the present invention has clear steps, from vegetation and soil investigation to a series of operations such as transplanting, stripping, backfilling, sowing and maintenance, forming a complete system. The steps are closely connected, avoiding operational confusion and duplication of labor, and improving the efficiency of disturbed landform and vegetation restoration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A vegetation landform map before the construction disturbance in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a diagram of shrub transplanting operations in a construction disturbance area according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A topographic map of the construction disturbance area after vegetation restoration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a micro-topography change diagram before, during and after the construction of the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0032] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form also includes the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this description, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The location of the sample point in this embodiment is Hangjin Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

[0035] Example

[0036] A method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in construction-disturbed areas in Northwest China, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0037] S1. Vegetation type survey: Before construction, survey sampling points shall be set up in the proposed construction area according to the topography and spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation. 3-5 repeated plots shall be set up at each survey sampling point to conduct shrub and herbaceous plant community surveys to determine the species, quantity and location information of native plants in the construction area;

[0038] It is preferred to set up four replicate plots, and the survey results of vegetation community composition in the construction area are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1

[0040]

[0041] S2. Soil survey: Before construction, investigate the soil profile structure of the construction disturbance area, divide the soil layers and collect samples, and measure the soil layer thickness and soil bulk density; investigate the soil profile of the construction disturbance area and dig the soil profile to a depth of 1.2 meters according to the distribution characteristics of plant roots, and divide the soil layers into three layers: 0-10cm, 10-30cm and below 30cm;

[0042] S3. Obtaining topographic information: Use drones to obtain aerial survey images of the construction disturbance area; the drone camera resolution is 20 million pixels, the flight altitude is 60 meters, and the route overlap rate is 85%. Set it up in the software and conduct field flights to obtain aerial survey images before construction disturbance.

[0043] The images taken are processed internally, and the images taken by the drone are spliced ​​using processing software to form an image of the construction disturbance area, thereby obtaining the topographic features of the construction area (such as Figure 5 Compare and analyze the topography of the construction area before, during and after construction to confirm the degree of restoration of the original landform;

[0044] S4. Numbering and transplanting of shrubs, stripping of turf and soil at various levels: During the construction process, according to the actual distribution of vegetation in the construction disturbance area, the images generated by the drone are used to mark and number the shrubs in the work area. After determining the actual location of the shrubs, the shrubs are transplanted and seedlings are removed. Using the images generated by the drone to mark and number the shrubs, the location of each shrub in the construction disturbance area can be accurately determined, which is convenient for the subsequent scientific and reasonable planning of shrub transplanting. The marking and numbering process is to establish an information database about the shrubs in the construction disturbance area. This information includes the location, type, size, etc. of the shrubs, which is convenient for subsequent tracking and recording of vegetation restoration, and for comparing the location and growth status of the shrubs before and after transplanting, and evaluating the effectiveness of vegetation restoration measures.

[0045] When transplanting seedlings, use a forklift to dig (such as Figure 3 As shown), the diameter of the soil ball at the root of the shrub is 0.5-0.7m, ensuring that the root system of the shrub remains intact and avoids root damage. After the seedlings are removed, the shrubs are shaded and watered regularly to ensure their survival; the depth of the turf stripping is 5-10cm, preferably 5cm;

[0046] The soil stripping depth is determined according to the soil profile structure characteristics of the construction area, and 5 cm of the topsoil of the planting layer is stripped mechanically; the stripped soil is stored in areas with higher terrain and good drainage according to different soil layers (5-10 cm, 10-30 cm, 30-100 cm), and covered with protective nets to reduce water evaporation and nutrient loss;

[0047] S5. Soil backfilling and maintenance: After the construction is completed, the soil is backfilled according to the soil thickness and bulk density of different soil layers 0-10cm, 10-30cm, and below 30cm measured in step S2, and the soil is backfilled. Following the principles of soil genesis, the soil layer, fertility level and micro-topography before the disturbance are reconstructed by layered backfilling with reference to the natural soil profile layer configuration before the disturbance, so as to restore the soil productivity and topography in a relatively short time;

[0048] Determine the application amount of water retainer according to the soil type and vegetation conditions, 5-10kg per mu. Before the vegetation restoration operation, spread the water retainer evenly in the entire planting area. It can be spread manually or mechanically so that the water retainer can fully cover the entire soil surface, and the water retainer and soil can be fully mixed by plowing or covering the soil;

[0049] S6. Vegetation restoration, management and maintenance: transplant and transplant shrubs according to their numbers, take the root ball with them when transplanting, shade the seedlings after transplanting, plant them in holes according to the location of local native plants, the depth of the planting holes is 0.6-0.8m, prune the shrubs after transplanting, irrigate them in time, ensure that the soil moisture content is not less than 30% of the field water holding capacity, so as to facilitate the rapid recovery of vegetation after construction;

[0050] Before planting herbaceous plants, the turf layer is re-laid with a thickness of 5cm. At the same time, the topsoil of the construction disturbance area is plowed, the ground is leveled, and the micro-topography is reshaped to create a good planting layer. In addition, the seeds are mixed with Fokker suspension seed coating agent. The mass ratio between Fokker suspension seed coating agent and herbaceous plant seeds is 2:100 to ensure that the seeds are evenly attached with fertilizers. After mixing, the seeds are dried for later sowing. During the drying process, direct sunlight and high temperature environment are avoided to prevent seed damage or reduced germination rate. The dried seeds are sown at a dosage of 15kg / mu. After sowing, they are properly covered and pressed to ensure that the seeds are in full contact with the soil and promote seed germination.

[0051] During the vegetation growth recovery process, regular maintenance is carried out, and timely irrigation is carried out according to the weather and soil moisture conditions to ensure that the soil moisture is not less than 30% of the field water holding capacity, and the original landform and vegetation conditions are restored within one month (see Figure 4 , Figure 5 ).

[0052] Before construction, record the vegetation and topography of the construction area, such as Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the topography of the construction area was recorded again after vegetation restoration. Figure 4 ,Depend on Figure 2 and Figure 4 By comparison, it can be seen that after adopting the restoration method of the embodiment of the present invention, the landforms of the construction disturbance area before and after the construction are basically the same, and the vegetation recovery is in good condition.

[0053] The micro-topography changes before, during and after the construction of the embodiment of the present invention are shown in the figure below: Figure 5 As shown, the figure reflects the changes in topography at different stages. It can be intuitively seen that the micro-topography after construction is highly similar to that before construction, proving that the embodiment of the present invention has achieved good results in the restoration of topography.

[0054] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in construction disturbance areas in Northwest China, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Before construction, investigate the vegetation types in the proposed construction area; S2. Investigate the soil profile layers in the construction disturbance area and conduct stratified sampling and analysis; S3. Use drones to obtain topographic information of the construction disturbance area; S4. During the construction process, the shrubs in the construction disturbance area are numbered and transplanted, and the turf and soil layers are peeled off from top to bottom; S5. After the construction is completed, soil backfilling and terrain reshaping are carried out in layers according to the soil profile layer configuration; S6. Replant shrubs, re-lay turf and sow herbaceous plants, and manage and maintain the restored vegetation in the construction disturbance area.

2. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step S1 include: before construction, according to the topography and spatial distribution characteristics of vegetation, survey sampling points are set up in the planned construction area, and 3-5 repeated sampling plots are set up at each sampling point to conduct plant community surveys to determine the species, quantity, and location information of native plants in the construction area.

3. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step S2 include: investigating the soil profile structure of the construction disturbance area, dividing the soil occurrence layers and collecting samples, and measuring the soil layer thickness and soil bulk density.

4. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step S3 include: using a drone to obtain aerial survey images of the construction disturbance area; performing internal processing on the captured images, using processing software to stitch the images captured by the drone to form images before the construction disturbance, and obtaining the topographic features and vegetation coverage of the construction area.

5. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of numbering and transplanting shrubs and stripping turf in step S4 include: numbering the shrubs in the construction area, transplanting the shrubs with a soil ball of 0.5-0.7m in diameter at the root, shading the shrubs after transplanting, and watering them regularly; stripping the turf to a depth of 5-10cm.

6. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of stripping each layer of soil in step S4 include: determining the soil stripping depth according to the hierarchical structural characteristics of the soil profile in the construction area, and stripping the planting surface soil and deep soil in layers; and storing and covering each layer of soil after stripping.

7. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step S5 include: after the construction is completed, the soil is backfilled according to the soil layer, soil layer thickness, and soil bulk density determined in step S2, and the soil layer, fertility level, and micro-topography before the disturbance are reconstructed by layered backfilling to restore the soil productivity and topography; the water-retaining agent is spread on the surface soil, and the water-retaining agent is fully mixed with the soil by plowing or covering.

8. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of replanting the shrubs in step S6 include: replanting the transplanted shrubs according to their numbers, with the depth of the planting holes being 0.6-0.8m, pruning and watering after transplanting, and the soil moisture being not less than 30% of the field water holding capacity.

9. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of re-laying the turf layer and sowing the herbaceous plants in step S6 include: before planting the herbaceous plants, cultivating the surface soil of the construction disturbance area, fertilizing, and leveling the ground; re-laying the turf layer; mixing the herbaceous plant seeds with a suspended seed coating agent, and sowing the dried seeds.

10. The method for rapid restoration of native landforms and vegetation in the northwest construction disturbance area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of management and maintenance in step S6 include: during the vegetation growth recovery process, timely irrigation is performed according to weather and soil conditions, and the soil moisture is not less than 30% of the field water holding capacity.

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