Method and equipment for planting field moderate-severe saline-alkali soil micro-domain improved ridge-furrow alternating sesbania cannabina

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil planting, in particular to a field moderate-severe saline-alkali soil micro-domain improved furrow alternating sesbania planting method and equipment, and the planting method comprises the following steps: returning coarse powder or whole plants of sesbania in the last season to the field; soil preparation: carrying out rotary tillage treatment on the saline-alkali soil; ridging: ditching and ridging the rotary-tilled saline-alkali soil to form a furrow structure; mulching films are laid on the ridge bodies, and the ridge sides are covered with the mulching films so as to reduce soil moisture evaporation and salt surface accumulation; film side punching and hole sowing are conducted, wherein planting holes are formed in the ridge side mulching film, and sowing is conducted into the soil along the planting holes; the sesbania in the mature period is mechanically smashed and deeply ploughed into the soil, the positions of the ridges and the ditches are replaced, and micro-domain soil improvement is achieved. According to the planting method, a good soil microenvironment is formed through periodic replacement of ridge and ditch positions, the salt content of surface soil is effectively reduced, soil moisture is preserved, the inhibition effect of high salinity on the growth of sesbania is reduced, and therefore normal growth and development of sesbania are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land planting, and specifically relates to a method and equipment for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-area improved medium to severe saline-alkali land in a large field. Background Art

[0002] Sesbania is an annual subshrubby herbaceous plant of the Leguminosae family. It is an excellent summer green manure plant with a well-developed root system, many nodules, strong nitrogen fixation ability, high nutrient content in the plant, and strong salt tolerance. As a pioneer plant for saline-alkali land improvement, Sesbania can provide high-quality plant-derived organic matter for severely saline-alkali land and barren wasteland, effectively improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility.

[0003] In the early stage of sesbania cultivation, the medium to severe saline-alkali environment has a significant inhibitory effect on the emergence and growth of sesbania. In order to alleviate the degree of soil salinization and ensure the normal growth and development of sesbania, film mulching planting technology has become one of the main agronomic measures to improve saline-alkali land. The operation process of this technology is to lay the film first and then sow. When sowing in the field, the seeder is mostly a hole-type seeder. However, the existing seeder has the following technical defects in the field operation process: (1) There is a deviation between the breaking position of the film during the rotation of the seeder and the actual sowing point, and the film at the breaking point is not completely cut off, resulting in the seedlings being unable to smoothly extend out of the film along the breaking position. Therefore, in the later stage, it is necessary to manually hook the film according to the position of the seedlings to further break the film and release the seedlings, otherwise the seedlings will be suppressed by the film, affecting the normal growth of the seedlings. However, the manual hooking of the film leads to a high degree of manual participation in this planting method and low work efficiency, and it is impossible to complete the mechanized integration of the film breaking; (2) The traditional pressing roller has low compaction efficiency for sandy and heavy saline-alkali soils, and the ridge height is generally <15cm. It is easy to loosen or collapse when encountering rain, and the effect of moisture conservation, salt suppression and growth promotion is not good. Therefore, how to further improve the salinization degree of medium and heavy saline-alkali land and realize the mechanized integration of film breaking and high-quality ridging has become a key problem that technicians in this field need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method and equipment for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-area improved severe saline-alkali land in large fields. The planting method increases soil nutrients and microbial populations by alternating the positions of ridges and furrows and returning sesbania to the field, thereby forming a micro-area improvement of the cultivated layer soil, reducing the salt content of the cultivated layer soil, and reducing the inhibitory effect of high salinity on the growth of sesbania, thereby ensuring the normal growth and development of sesbania.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] The key point of the method and equipment for improving the ridge-ditch alternating sesbania planting in micro-domains of medium-to-severe saline-alkali land in large fields is that it includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Returning plants to the field: Return the sesbania from the previous season to the field;

[0008] S2. Land preparation: In the spring of the following year, the saline-alkali land is rotary tilled;

[0009] S3. Ridging: digging furrows and ridges in saline-alkali land;

[0010] S4, ridge reinforcement: compact the ridge sides and ridge tops with the help of compaction components;

[0011] S5, film laying: laying ground film on the ridge, and covering the side of the ridge;

[0012] S6, drilling holes in the ground film and sowing: drilling planting holes on the ground film at the side of the ridge, and sowing Sesbania along the planting holes toward the side of the ridge;

[0013] S7, ridge and furrow replacement: after the sesbania matures, return it to the field, repeat steps S2-S6, and the new ridges and furrows are replaced with the original ridges and furrows.

[0014] In the steps S1 and S7, the sesbania is deep-turned and returned to the field with coarse powder or the whole plant is returned to the field during the mature stage of the sesbania.

[0015] A device for implementing the above-mentioned method and equipment for improving ridge-ditch alternating sesbania cultivation in micro-domains of medium-to-severe saline-alkali land in large fields, comprising a frame, a seeder and a mulch film punching assembly arranged on the frame, wherein the frame is connected to a tractor, the mulch film punching assembly is located in front of the seeder, the mulch film punching assembly comprises a conveyor belt, a mulch film punching knife and a lifting drive unit, the lower section of the conveyor belt is a working section, the conveying direction of the working section is opposite to the traveling direction of the tractor, the mulch film punching knife array is arranged on the conveyor belt and has the freedom to rise and fall in the working section with the aid of the lifting drive unit.

[0016] The mulch punching knife includes a first punching sleeve and a second punching sleeve. The first punching sleeve and the second punching sleeve are inserted into each other. The lower end of the first punching sleeve is provided with a serrated cutting edge, and the lower end of the second punching sleeve is provided with an annular cutting edge. The serrated cutting edge is arranged lower than the annular cutting edge. A first return spring is arranged between the first punching sleeve and the second punching sleeve, and the second punching sleeve is connected to the driving end of the lifting drive unit.

[0017] A limiting platform is cantilevered on the conveyor belt, and a limiting groove or a limiting protrusion matching the limiting platform is arranged on the first punching sleeve.

[0018] The conveyor belts are respectively provided with guide holes matched with the ground film punching knives, and a second return spring is arranged between the conveyor belt and the ground film punching knives.

[0019] The upper section of the conveyor belt is a reset section, the lifting drive unit includes an arc-shaped protrusion, the arc-shaped protrusion is connected to the frame by means of a mounting plate, and the mulch punching knife is provided with a push rod that forms a moving cam mechanism with the arc-shaped protrusion.

[0020] The frame is also provided with a negative pressure air duct and a storage box. The mulch hole punching knife is provided with a connecting hole. The connecting hole is connected to the air inlet of the negative pressure air duct in turn by means of the lifting drive unit to drive the mulch hole punching knife. The air outlet of the negative pressure air duct is connected to the storage box.

[0021] The compaction assembly described in step S4 includes a pressure plate and a roller arranged in pairs, the pressure plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the ridge body, the front end of the pressure plate is arranged in contact with the side of the ridge body, the rear ends of the two pressure plates are respectively inclined inward, and the rear ends of the pressure plates are extended backward with extension plates, the rollers are located between the extension plates, and the extension plates are provided with oblong holes in the height direction, the axles of the rollers extend to the outside of the pressure plates through the oblong holes, the axles are connected to the fixed frame with the help of a lifting shaft, and the lifting shaft is provided with a spring located between the fixed frame and the axles.

[0022] The front end of the pressing plate is also provided with an arc-shaped installation groove, a rotating shaft is hinged in the arc-shaped installation groove, a spiral blade is provided on the rotating shaft, and the upper end of the spiral blade is located above the ridge top.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. The present invention adopts a planting method of furrowing, ridge-forming, film-covering and side-sowing, and when the next season of sesbania is rotated, a new furrow is opened at the original ridge position, and a ridge is formed at the original furrow position. Since the ridge body is covered with film, the evaporation of the ridge body soil is low, which inhibits the return of salt, so that the soil salt is more retained in a relatively deep position, and the salt content of the cultivated layer soil is low; by alternating the positions of ridges and furrows, during irrigation or rainfall, water can enter the soil along the ridges and furrows at different positions, expanding the leaching range of water to the soil, and making the overall soil salt distribution of the cultivated layer more uniform; the present invention can form an effective salt-isolating layer by returning sesbania coarse powder or whole plants to the field through deep plowing, inhibiting the accumulation of salt on the soil surface, and promoting salt leaching. In addition, this measure provides a large amount of plant-derived organic carbon to the soil, enriches the soil microbial community, and improves the soil structure. The present invention plants sesbania in a manner of alternating ridges and furrows to create a soil microenvironment that is low in salt, high in soil water content, and active in soil microorganisms and is conducive to the growth of sesbania, thereby maintaining low salinity in the soil under the ridges, reducing the impact of salt on sesbania, and ensuring normal growth and development of sesbania.

[0025] 2. A mulch film punching assembly is added in front of the seeder. The mulch film punching knife in the mulch film punching assembly is relatively stationary with the help of a conveyor belt. The mulch film punching knife passes through the lifting drive unit and is pressed down by the lifting drive unit. The mulch film punching knife blade enters the mulch film to open a planting hole on the film side. The hole opening position is located above the sowing position, ensuring that the seedlings can be drilled out of the mulch film smoothly along the planting hole. There is no need for manual film hooking operations, which reduces the degree of manual participation and labor intensity and improves work efficiency.

[0026] 3. The film punching knife includes a first punching sleeve and a second punching sleeve which are mutually set. The serrated edge of the first punching sleeve first cuts into the ground film, and then the second punching sleeve cuts the ground film in the first punching sleeve to form a planting hole on the ground film, which can effectively reduce the pulling of the ground film and fix the ground film to prevent the planting hole from shifting;

[0027] 4. After ridge forming, the ridge body is squeezed and compacted with the help of a compacting component. During the forward movement of the pressing plate in the compacting component, the side wall of the ridge body is gradually squeezed to compact the relatively loose ridge body into shape. The compacted ridge body is not easy to collapse. On the other hand, during the squeezing of the ridge body, the soil moves to the top of the ridge, which also helps to increase the height of the ridge body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the steps of the planting method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a flow chart of the planting method of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A top view of the middle ground membrane drilling assembly;

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 AA section view;

[0033] Figure 6 Figure 4 BB section view;

[0034] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of the local C in the middle;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the action of the mulch punching knife passing through the lifting drive unit;

[0036] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the compaction component;

[0037] Fig.10 is a top view of the pressure plate;

[0038] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the working state of the compaction component;

[0039] Fig.12 A top view of the ridge body after compaction by the compaction assembly;

[0040] In the accompanying drawings, 1, frame, 2, seeder, 3, conveyor belt, 301, working section, 302, reset section, 4, mulch film punching knife, 5, lifting drive unit, 6, first punching sleeve, 601, serrated blade, 7, second punching sleeve, 701, annular blade, 8, first reset spring, 9, limit table, 10, limit protrusion, 11, second reset spring, 12, guide hole, 13, mounting plate, 14, push rod, 15, negative pressure air duct, 1501, air inlet, 1502, air outlet, 16, connecting hole, 17, storage box, 18, pressure plate, 19, roller, 20, extension plate, 21, wheel axle, 22, lifting shaft, 23, fixing frame, 24, spiral blade, 25, arc-shaped mounting groove, 26, Sesbania plant, 27, salt barrier layer, 28, seed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the present invention relates to a method and equipment for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domain improved medium and heavy saline-alkali land in a large field, comprising the following steps: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown:

[0043] S1. Plant return to the field: When the sesbania of the previous season reaches maturity, the sesbania is mechanically crushed and deeply turned into the soil. The mature sesbania plant 26 is coarsely ground or the whole plant is deeply turned into the field, which can form a salt-isolating layer 27 in the soil. The salt-isolating layer 27 can block the rising path of the lower layer salt and promote summer salt leaching, provide the soil with rich plant-derived organic matter and improve soil permeability, effectively improve soil structure, improve soil fertility, enhance soil viscosity, improve soil cultivation performance, prevent the loose sandy soil in saline-alkali land from being able to form ridges smoothly, so that the ridges can maintain a good shape and will not collapse during the film covering, drilling and sowing after ridge formation;

[0044] S2. Land preparation: In the spring of the following year, specifically in the early spring, the saline-alkali land is rotary tilled to break up the compacted large pieces of soil and improve the air permeability of the soil;

[0045] S3. Ridging: digging furrows and ridges in saline-alkali land. This method can improve the soil's ability to retain moisture when there is little rainfall in spring, and drain water and prevent waterlogging when there is much rainfall in summer.

[0046] S4, ridge reinforcement: compact the ridge sides and ridge tops with the help of compaction components;

[0047] S5, film laying: laying film on the ridge, the film covers the side of the ridge, the edge of the film is located on the side wall of the ridge, and the bottom of the ditch is not covered with film;

[0048] S6, drilling holes in the ground film and sowing: using a device to make planting holes on the ground film on the side of the ridge, and sowing the seeds 28 of Sesbania in the soil along the planting holes; planting the seeds 28 of Sesbania on the side of the ridge makes the seeds 28 of Sesbania in an excellent soil environment with low salt and high water content, which is helpful to promote the germination of the seeds 28 of Sesbania and the growth of seedlings; the ground film can maintain the moisture of the soil, and prevent the water from evaporating outward from the soil on the ridge, reduce the surface accumulation of salt, and effectively reduce the salt content of the soil near the root system of Sesbania; when it rains, the rainwater reaches the roots of Sesbania along the planting holes on the ground film, and the excess rainwater flows down along the ground film on the ridge into the ditch. When there is too much rain, part of the rainwater penetrates down along the bottom of the ditch, washes the soil in the ditch, reduces the salt content in the upper soil in the ditch, and the remaining water flows out of the field quickly along the ditch to prevent the Sesbania from being flooded; when there is less rain, the water gathers in the ditch, and penetrates along the soil in the ditch to the soil on the ridge for absorption by the Sesbania, reducing the surface runoff loss;

[0049] S7, ridge and furrow replacement: After the sesbania plants 26 mature, they are crushed and returned to the field, and then steps S2-S6 are repeated. The positions of the ridges and furrows in the field are adjusted using the film covering furrowing and ridging sowing machine. The new ridge and furrow positions are replaced with the original ridge and furrow positions, that is, new furrows are opened at the original ridge positions, and ridges are formed at the original furrow positions.

[0050] Due to the film covering on the ridges, the evaporation of the surface soil on the ridges is low, which can make the water leaching area of ​​the soil constantly change. The original ridge part can be leached when it alternates into a ditch part. The water carries the salt in the soil to the deep soil or the bottom of the ditch, effectively reducing the salt content of the cultivated layer soil. The salt distribution of the entire cultivated layer is more even, and the stability of the soil salt content is better, creating a relatively stable and suitable soil temperature, humidity and ventilation conditions, providing a good living environment for the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms.

[0051] In step S4, Fig. 9 , Fig.10 As shown, the compaction assembly includes a pair of pressing plates 18 and rollers 19. The pressing plates 18 are respectively arranged on both sides of the ridge body. The front ends of the pressing plates 18 are arranged in contact with the sides of the ridge body. The rear ends of the two pressing plates 18 are respectively inclined inwards. An extension plate 20 is extended backward from the rear ends of the pressing plates 18. The rollers 19 are located between the extension plates 20. The extension plates 20 are provided with oblong holes along the height direction. The axles 21 of the rollers 19 extend outwards of the pressing plates 18 through the oblong holes. The axles 21 are guided and connected to the fixing frames 23 by means of the lifting shaft 22. The lifting shaft 22 is provided with a spring located between the fixing frames 23 and the axles 21.

[0052] like Fig.11 As shown, after ridge forming, the pair of pressing plates 18 are respectively placed on both sides of the ridge body, and the pressing plates 18 move forward, and the side walls of the ridge body fit with the front ends of the pressing plates 18; the rear ends of the two pressing plates 18 are respectively inclined inward, that is, the distance between the front ends of the pair of pressing plates 18 is greater than the distance between the rear ends of the pressing plates. In the process of moving forward, the pressing plates 18 gradually squeeze the side walls of the ridge body, compacting the relatively loose ridge body into shape, and the compacted ridge body is not easy to collapse and the width of the ridge body becomes narrower. The compacted ridge body is as shown in FIG. Fig.12 As shown; on the other hand, during the process of squeezing the ridge body, the soil moves toward the ridge top, which also helps to increase the height of the ridge body; when the extension plate 20 passes through the ridge body, it supports the side wall of the ridge body, and the roller 19 rolls on the ridge top as the pressing plate 18 moves, compacting the ridge top to further prevent the ridge body from collapsing; a connecting block is provided at the end of the wheel axle 21, the lower end of the lifting shaft 22 is fixedly connected to the connecting block, the upper end of the lifting shaft 22 passes through the fixed frame 23, and a limiting convex edge is also provided at the upper end of the lifting shaft 22, and the spring provides elastic force to the wheel axle 21 and the roller 19, so that the roller 19 provides downward pressure on the ridge top, and at the same time can absorb shock and reduce energy, thereby reducing the vibration of the roller 19.

[0053] The fixed frame 23 is connected to a push rod and pushed by a worker between ridges, or the fixed frame 23 is connected to a traction machine via a suspension frame and is towed by the traction machine. In this embodiment, the fixed frame 23 is preferably connected to the suspension frame, and the compacting assembly is towed by the traction machine.

[0054] Furthermore, an arc-shaped mounting groove 25 is provided at the front end of the pressing plate 18, and a rotating shaft is hinged in the arc-shaped mounting groove 25. A spiral blade 24 is provided on the rotating shaft. The upper end of the spiral blade 24 is located above the top of the ridge, and the edge of the spiral blade 24 cuts into the side of the ridge. When the pressing plate 18 moves forward, the spiral blade 24 is driven to rotate by the resistance of the side of the ridge, and the spiral blade 24 lifts part of the soil on the side of the ridge to the top of the ridge, thereby further increasing the height of the ridge body.

[0055] The present invention relates to a method for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domain improved medium and heavy saline-alkali land in a large field, which is implemented by means of a device, such as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a frame 1, a seeder 2 and a mulch punching assembly arranged on the frame 1, the frame 1 is connected to the tractor, the mulch punching assembly is located in front of the seeder 2, the mulch punching assembly includes a conveyor belt 3, a mulch punching knife 4 and a lifting drive unit 5, the lower section of the conveyor belt 3 is a working section 301, the conveying direction of the working section 301 is opposite to the walking direction of the tractor, the mulch punching knife 4 is arranged in an array on the conveyor belt 3 and has the freedom to rise and fall in the working section 301 by means of the lifting drive unit 5, and the seeder 2 is matched with the mulch punching knife 4. The seeder 2 is a duckbill seeder.

[0056] During operation, the frame 1 is dragged by the tractor to move, so that the mulch punching knife 4 and the seeder 2 pass through the mulch film on the ridge in turn. Since the mulch punching knife 4 is installed on the conveyor belt 3 and the conveying direction of the working section 301 of the conveyor belt 3 is opposite to the movement of the tractor and the speed is the same, the position of the mulch punching knife 4 on the working section 301 is relatively fixed to the ground; the lifting drive unit 5 drives the mulch punching knife 4 on the working section 301 to rise and fall vertically, and the mulch punching knife 4 cuts into the mulch film on the side of the ridge along the vertical direction to cut off the part of the mulch film to form planting holes. The planting holes are arranged in an array along the length direction of the ridge, and then the seeder 2 sows in the soil on the side of the ridge in turn along each planting hole. The planting hole is located above the sowing position, ensuring that the seedlings can be drilled out of the mulch film smoothly along the planting hole, without the need for manual film hooking operation after germination, avoiding the situation that the mulch film covers the seedlings due to the deviation between the position of the rupture of the mulch film during the rotation of the seeder 2 and the actual sowing point, effectively reducing the manual labor in the process of planting sesbania, and improving work efficiency.

[0057] The upper section of the conveyor belt 3 is the reset section 302. Preferably, the lifting drive unit 5 includes an arc-shaped protrusion, which is connected to the frame 1 by means of a mounting plate 13. The mulch punching knife 4 is provided with a push rod 14 that forms a moving cam mechanism with the arc-shaped protrusion. The conveyor belt 3 is provided with guide holes 12 that match the mulch punching knife 4. A second reset spring 11 is provided between the conveyor belt 3 and the mulch punching knife 4. As the conveyor belt 3 is conveyed, the mulch punching knife 4 on the working section 301 passes through the lifting drive unit 5 in sequence. The arc-shaped protrusion on the lifting drive unit 5 exerts downward pressure on the push rod 14. The push rod 14 drives the mulch punching knife 4 to gradually descend along the arc-shaped protrusion. The second reset spring 11 is stretched, and the lower end of the mulch punching knife 4 cuts off part of the mulch to form a planting hole. After the push rod 14 passes the lowest point of the arc-shaped protrusion, the mulch punching knife 4 rises and automatically resets under the action of the second reset spring 11.

[0058] In this embodiment, the arc-shaped protrusion is fixed to the frame 1, and the arc-shaped protrusion and the ground film punching knife 4 on the working section 301 generate horizontal relative motion, thereby driving the ground film punching knife 4 to descend in the vertical direction.

[0059] Preferably, Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8As shown, the ground film punching knife 4 includes a first punching sleeve 6 and a second punching sleeve 7. The first punching sleeve 6 and the second punching sleeve 7 are mutually sleeved. The lower end of the first punching sleeve 6 is provided with a serrated edge 601, and the lower end of the second punching sleeve 7 is provided with an annular edge 701. In the initial state, the serrated edge 601 in the ground film punching knife 4 on the working section 301 is lower than the annular edge 701. A first return spring 8 is provided between the first punching sleeve 6 and the second punching sleeve 7, and the second punching sleeve 7 is connected to the driving end of the lifting drive unit 5. Specifically, the second punching sleeve 7 is located inside the first punching sleeve 6, the push rod 14 is provided at the upper end of the second punching sleeve 7, and the upper end of the first punching sleeve 6 is provided with a through hole for the push rod 14. The two ends of the first return spring 8 are respectively connected to the upper end of the first punching sleeve 6 and the upper end of the second punching sleeve 7, and the first return spring 8 is sleeved on the push rod 14. When the ground film punching knife 4 passes through the lifting drive unit 5, the top rod 14 contacts the arc-shaped protrusion on the lifting drive unit 5 to make the first punching sleeve 6 and the second punching sleeve 7 descend synchronously, and the serrated edge 601 on the first punching sleeve 6 first cuts into the ground film and cuts the ground film into strips. The serrated edge 601 exerts less pressure on the ground film, which can effectively reduce the pulling on the ground film and prevent the ground film from shifting and deforming; then the second return spring 11 is no longer stretched, and the first punching sleeve is 6 stops moving downward, at this time, the serrated edge 601 of the first punching sleeve 6 contacts the soil, the strip of mulch is clamped between the serrated edge 601 and the soil, and the arc-shaped protrusion continues to drive the push rod 14 to move downward, the second punching sleeve 7 and the first punching sleeve 6 produce relative movement, the annular edge 701 of the second punching sleeve 7 continues to press down along the inner contour of the first punching sleeve 6 until it exceeds the serrated edge 601, cutting the strip of mulch from the entire mulch, and forming planting holes on the mulch.

[0060] Furthermore, a limit platform 9 is cantilevered on the conveyor belt 3, and a limit protrusion 10 matching the limit platform 9 is provided on the first punching sleeve 6. The limit protrusion 10 is located above the limit platform 9. When the limit protrusion 10 contacts the limit platform 9, the first punching sleeve 6 no longer descends, which facilitates the relative movement of the second punching sleeve 7 and the first punching sleeve 6, preventing the second reset spring 11 from being broken. The second reset spring 11 is provided on both sides of the first punching sleeve 6, and the upper and lower ends of the second reset spring 11 are connected to the conveyor belt 3 and the limit protrusion 10 respectively.

[0061] Further, such as Figure 3 , Figure 7As shown, a negative pressure air duct 15 and a storage box 17 are also provided on the frame 1, and a connecting hole 16 is provided on the mulch hole punching knife 4. The connecting hole 16 is connected to the air inlet 1501 of the negative pressure air duct 15 in turn by means of the lifting drive unit 5 to drive the mulch hole punching knife 4, and the air outlet 1502 of the negative pressure air duct 15 is connected to the storage box 17. Specifically, the first perforated sleeve 6 and the second perforated sleeve 7 are both provided with connecting holes 16. When the second perforated sleeve 7 reaches the lowest position driven by the lifting drive unit 5, the connecting hole 16 on the first perforated sleeve 6 is coaxially arranged with the connecting hole 16 on the second perforated sleeve 7, and the connecting hole 16 is aligned with the air inlet 1501 of the negative pressure air duct 15. The air inlet 1501 of the negative pressure air duct 15 contacts the side wall of the first perforated sleeve 6 and faces the connecting hole 16 on the first perforated sleeve 6. The negative pressure air duct 15 generates negative pressure in the second perforated sleeve 7, and the cut strips of ground film are sucked into the negative pressure air duct 15. The cut strips of ground film are discharged into the storage box 17 along the air outlet 1502 of the negative pressure air duct 15 and collected, thereby effectively reducing the ground film fragments caused by opening planting holes on the ground film and remaining in the saline-alkali land.

[0062] Comparative test:

[0063] In the same planting year, four test fields were divided in the same area. The first test field adopted the planting method of the specific embodiment, the second test field adopted the planting method of comparative example 1, the third test field adopted the planting method of comparative example 2, and the fourth test field adopted the planting method of comparative example 3. The planting method of sesbania in the first year was the same, and the sesbania was crushed and deep-turned after harvest. In the second year and the third year, sesbania was planted using the planting methods of the specific embodiment, comparative example 1, comparative example 2, and comparative example 3, respectively, with the specific embodiment as treatment 1, and comparative examples 1-3 as treatments 2, 3, and 4, respectively; and the per-mu return amount of sesbania in each treatment in the second year was the same.

[0064] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and the specific embodiment is that in the second year and the third year, the flat land was not covered with film, and sesbania was sown on the flat land after land preparation;

[0065] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and the specific embodiment is that in the second year and the third year, the sesbania was sown on flat ground with film laid.

[0066] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and the specific embodiment is that the position of the ridge in the third year remains consistent with the position of the ridge in the second year.

[0067] After the sesbania matured in the third year, 20 mature sesbania plants were randomly selected from each treatment, and the average plant height of the sesbania in each treatment was measured. At the same time, the conductivity and water content of the soil in the tillage layer of each treatment in the third year were tested. The mature sesbania were harvested to obtain hay yield. The specific data are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Table 1

[0069]

[0070] The present invention relates to a method for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domain improved heavy saline-alkali land in a large field, which provides an excellent soil microenvironment with low salt and high soil water content for germination of sesbania seeds and growth of plants through ridge-forming, film-covering, side-sowing of sesbania, deep plowing and returning the whole sesbania plants to the field, and alternating furrows and ridges. A salt-isolating layer is formed in the soil to block the path for soil salt to accumulate on the surface and is conducive to salt drenching in summer, thereby providing the soil with rich plant-derived organic carbon, increasing the number and activity of microorganisms, improving soil permeability, and improving soil structure.

Claims

1. A method for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domains of medium to heavy saline-alkali land in a large field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Returning plants to the field: Return the sesbania from the previous season to the field; S2. Land preparation: In the spring of the following year, the saline-alkali land is rotary tilled; S3. Ridging: digging furrows and ridges in saline-alkali land; S4, ridge reinforcement: compact the ridge sides and ridge tops with the help of compaction components; S5, film laying: laying ground film on the ridge, and covering the side of the ridge; S6, drilling holes in the ground film and sowing: drilling planting holes on the ground film at the side of the ridge, and sowing Sesbania along the planting holes toward the side of the ridge; S7, ridge and furrow replacement: after the sesbania matures, return it to the field, repeat steps S2-S6, and the new ridges and furrows are replaced with the original ridges and furrows.

2. The method for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domain improved medium and severe saline-alkali land in a large field according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the steps S1 and S7, the sesbania is deep-turned and returned to the field with coarse powder or the whole plant is returned to the field during the mature stage of the sesbania.

3. An apparatus for implementing the method for planting sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domain improved medium and severe saline-alkali land in a large field according to claim 1, comprising a frame (1) and a seeder (2) arranged on the frame (1), wherein the frame (1) is connected to a tractor, and characterized in that: It also includes a ground film punching assembly arranged on the frame (1), the ground film punching assembly is located in front of the seeder (2), the ground film punching assembly includes a conveyor belt (3), a ground film punching knife (4) and a lifting drive unit (5), the lower section of the conveyor belt (3) is a working section (301), the conveying direction of the working section (301) is opposite to the walking direction of the tractor, the ground film punching knife (4) array is arranged on the conveyor belt (3) and has the freedom to rise and fall in the working section (301) with the help of the lifting drive unit (5).

4. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mulch perforating knife (4) comprises a first perforating sleeve (6) and a second perforating sleeve (7). The first perforating sleeve (6) and the second perforating sleeve (7) are mutually fitted. The lower end of the first perforating sleeve (6) is provided with a serrated cutting edge (601), and the lower end of the second perforating sleeve (7) is provided with an annular cutting edge (701). The serrated cutting edge (601) is provided lower than the annular cutting edge (701). A first return spring (8) is provided between the first perforating sleeve (6) and the second perforating sleeve (7). The second perforating sleeve (7) is connected to the driving end of the lifting drive unit (5).

5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A limiting platform (9) is cantilevered on the conveyor belt (3), and a limiting groove or a limiting protrusion (10) matching the limiting platform (9) is provided on the first punching sleeve (6).

6. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The conveyor belt (3) is provided with guide holes (12) matching with the ground film punching knife (4), and a second return spring (11) is provided between the conveyor belt (3) and the ground film punching knife (4).

7. A device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper section of the conveyor belt (3) is a reset section (302), the lifting drive unit (5) includes an arc-shaped protrusion, the arc-shaped protrusion is connected to the frame (1) by means of a mounting plate (13), and the mulch punching knife (4) is provided with a push rod (14) that forms a movable cam mechanism with the arc-shaped protrusion.

8. A device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The frame (1) is also provided with a negative pressure air duct (15) and a storage box (17); the ground film punching knife (4) is provided with a connection hole (16); the connection hole (16) is connected to the air inlet (1501) of the negative pressure air duct (15) in turn by means of the lifting drive unit (5) driving the ground film punching knife (4); the air outlet (1502) of the negative pressure air duct (15) is connected to the storage box (17).

9. The method for cultivating sesbania in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domain improved medium to severe saline-alkali land in a large field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compaction assembly comprises a pair of pressing plates (18) and rollers (19), wherein the pressing plates (18) are respectively arranged on both sides of the ridge body, the front ends of the pressing plates (18) are arranged in close contact with the sides of the ridge body, the rear ends of the two pressing plates (18) are respectively inclined inwards, the rear ends of the pressing plates (18) are extended backwards with extension plates (20), the rollers (19) are located between the extension plates (20), the extension plates (20) are provided with oblong holes in the height direction, the wheel axles (21) of the rollers (19) extend outwards of the pressing plates (18) through the oblong holes, the wheel axles (21) are connected to the outside of the pressing plates (18) by means of a lifting shaft (22), and the lifting shaft (22) is provided with a spring located between the fixing frame (23) and the wheel axles (21).

10. The method for planting Sesbania serrata in alternating ridges and furrows in micro-domain improved medium to severe saline-alkali land in a large field according to claim 9, characterized in that: The front end of the pressing plate (18) is also provided with an arc-shaped installation groove (25), a rotating shaft is hinged in the arc-shaped installation groove (25), a spiral blade (24) is provided on the rotating shaft, and the upper end of the spiral blade (24) is located above the ridge top.

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