Casting shell and casting process for casting train coupler knuckle through precoated sand shell mold
By adopting the coated sand shell casting process in the casting shell of the casting train hook tongue, combined with the design of the inner runner and riser, the problem of low casting quality in traditional water glass sand casting technology is solved, and high-precision and high-quality casting production and performance improvement is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510095372.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
AI Technical Summary
The traditional water glass sand casting technology has poor degree of freedom in space, resulting in low casting quality and poor performance and low strength of train hook tongue.
The filmed sand shell casting process is adopted, and the inner runner and riser are set in the casting mold, combined with the linear arrangement and rotational symmetric distribution of multiple groups of casting molds, high-precision casting position and high-quality casting production are achieved.
It significantly improves the spatial freedom of the casting mold, realizes high-precision and high-quality casting production, avoids trachoma and pore defects, and improves the performance and strength of the train hook tongue.
Smart Images
Figure CN119910127A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of casting, and in particular relates to a casting mold shell and a casting process for casting a train coupler tongue by using a coated sand shell mold. Background Art
[0002] The coupler is a vital component in the railway vehicle connection system. Its upper and lower traction platforms bear the main force of the train hook tongue during the traction process, and are also the areas where the hook tongue is frequently damaged. The traditional casting method uses water glass sand casting technology. However, the flexibility of the pouring position setting in this technical space is relatively limited, making it relatively difficult to obtain high-quality castings, which to some extent affects the overall quality of the castings. Summary of the invention
[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a casting shell and a casting process for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold, aiming to solve the problem that the water glass casting in the prior art has poor spatial freedom performance, thereby affecting the quality of the casting, resulting in poor performance and low strength of the train coupler tongue.
[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a casting shell for casting a train hook tongue using a coated sand shell mold, comprising a casting mold, an endogate and a pouring system, wherein the endogate is arranged on the casting mold, and a train hook tongue-shaped mold cavity is arranged in the casting mold, wherein the pouring position is a spatial position in which one end of the train hook tongue of the mold cavity is at the upper end, and one end of the train hook tongue traction platform of the mold cavity is at the bottom.
[0005] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the pouring system includes an endogate, which is located at a position aligned with the traction platform at the lower end and is connected to the interior of the mold cavity. The riser is connected to the casting mold, and the riser is located at the tongue of the train hook at the upper end and is connected to the interior of the mold cavity.
[0006] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the material of the sprue and the runner is erosion-resistant material.
[0007] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the casting molds are provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of casting molds are arranged linearly.
[0008] A further technical solution of the present invention is that two train hook tongue cavities are arranged in the casting mold, and the two cavities are rotationally symmetrically distributed, so that every two train hook tongue cavities form a unit group back to back.
[0009] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the casting mold comprises a left mold shell, a right mold shell, an S-surface mold shell and a core, and the mold cavities of the left mold shell, the right mold shell and the S-surface mold shell are spliced to form a mold cavity in the shape of a train hook tongue.
[0010] A further technical solution of the present invention is that the ingates and risers are integrally formed with the casting mold, and the ingates and risers are formed by splicing a left shell and a right shell.
[0011] A further technical solution of the present invention is that it also includes a fixing member, and the fixing member is used to fix the shell assembly.
[0012] A further technical solution of the present invention is that a venting structure is provided at the top of each casting mold.
[0013] A casting process for casting a casting shell of a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
[0014] S1. Shell making: pour the coated sand into the hopper of the core shooter, start the core shooter, shoot the coated sand into the core box to form a preliminary shell mold, so that the core sand fills the core box tightly. After sand shooting, the coated sand in the core box begins to soften and crust under the action of heating to form a hard shell mold. When the shell is solidified, take out the shell mold from the casting mold;
[0015] S2. Assemble and fix the shells: combine multiple shell molds together to form a complete casting mold, and use fixings to tighten the joints between the multiple shell molds to prevent the metal liquid from leaking during pouring;
[0016] S3, burying steel shot: bury the fixed shell into the steel shot and vibrate it;
[0017] S4, pouring: pouring the molten metal into the mold, and using steel shots to keep the mold stable during the pouring process to prevent the molten metal from leaking or the mold from deforming;
[0018] S5. Cooling: After the molten metal solidifies in the mold, take out the casting and cool it.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] 1. After using coated sand casting to replace the traditional water glass sand casting method, multiple mold shells and sand cores can be flexibly combined to construct a complete casting. This change significantly improves the spatial freedom of the casting, making it possible to accurately achieve the best pouring position, fully meeting the production requirements of high-precision, high-quality castings. In addition, coated sand casting also has many excellent properties such as high disintegration and low sand consumption.
[0021] 2. By cleverly setting the ingates below the shell mold, it is possible to effectively prevent molten steel from splashing inside the mold cavity, thereby avoiding the resulting sand holes and pore defects, which significantly improves the overall quality of the product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:
[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the axonometric structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 It is a side view of a specific embodiment of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the combination of the middle casting mold in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
[0026] In the figure: 1. casting mold; 2. sprue; 3. runner; 4. ingates; 5. riser; 6. exhaust structure; 7. left shell; 8. right shell; 9. S surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0028] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold, comprising a casting shell, the casting shell comprising a plurality of casting molds 1, and a pouring system;
[0029] The casting mold 1 is composed of a left shell 7, a right shell 8, an S-surface 9 shell and a core. The plane where the left shell 7 and the right shell 8 are spliced together is perpendicular to the axis of the runner 3. During the splicing process, the left shell 7 and the right shell 8 are butted against each other, and the S-surface 9 shell is embedded in the internal space of the left shell 7 and the right shell 8. The three mold cavities are spliced together to jointly shape a group of mold cavities in the shape of a train hook tongue. This group of mold cavities contains the shapes of two train hook tongues, one in front and one in the back. At the same time, the S-surface 9 shell forms the traction S-surface 9 shape of the train hook tongue to ensure that the traction S-surface 9 has no traces of splicing of the left shell 7 and the right shell 8, thereby improving the accuracy of the traction S-surface 9. Subsequently, the left shell 7, the right shell 8, the S-surface 9 shell and the core are firmly combined and fixed together by a fixing (not shown in the figure) to form a stable overall structure. During the pouring process, the molten steel is guided into the mold cavity, and after cooling and solidification, the blank of the train coupler tongue is formed.
[0030] It is to be supplemented that the fixing parts (not shown in the figure) are used to combine and firmly fix multiple shells into a whole casting mold 1, and ensure that the joints between the shells are tight, so as to effectively prevent the leakage of molten metal during the pouring process. These fixing parts include but are not limited to iron wire, slot-type matching structure, reusable bolts, buckles or tools such as fixing clamps specially designed according to the shape of the casting mold 1. For example, the casting mold 1 is bundled with iron wire.
[0031] In the above mold cavity, the mold cavity is divided into an inner cavity of the tongue of the train hook tongue and an inner cavity of the traction platform of the train hook tongue. During pouring, one end of the inner cavity of the tongue of the train hook tongue is located in the upper spatial position, while one end of the inner cavity of the traction platform of the train hook tongue is set in the bottom spatial position. During pouring, molten steel is injected from the inner cavity of the traction platform of the train hook tongue. As the pouring proceeds, the liquid level of the molten steel gradually rises and fills the inner cavity of the tongue of the train hook tongue, so that the molten steel fills the entire casting mold.
[0032] Two train hook tongue-shaped inner cavities inside a group of mold cavities are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner, so that each two train hook tongue-shaped inner cavities form a unit group back to back. During the actual pouring process, multiple casting molds 1 are arranged linearly and interconnected through the pouring system to form a complete casting shell, thereby realizing an efficient production mode.
[0033] The pouring system includes a sprue 2, a runner 3, an ingode 4 and a riser 5. The sprue 2 is vertically arranged, and a trumpet-shaped gate is arranged at the upper end, and the lower end is connected to the runner 3. The runner 3 is arranged vertically with the sprue 2, and the two are connected to each other internally. The runner 3 is connected to the inside of the mold 1 through the ingode 4, and the ingode 4 is arranged at an angle, that is, the end of the ingode 4 connected to the runner 3 is higher than the position where the ingode 4 is connected to the mold 1, and the ingode 4 is connected to the inner cavity of the train hook tongue traction platform. The riser 5 is connected to the upper side of the mold 1. During casting, the molten steel first flows into the runner 3 through the sprue 2, then enters the ingode 4, and finally fills the inside of the mold 1. This process makes the inside of the mold 1 completely filled with molten steel, thereby forming a solid casting with the shape of a train hook tongue. At the same time, the riser 5 plays a key role in this process. It can perform necessary shrinkage compensation on the casting to ensure the quality of the casting.
[0034] Among them, the runner 3 is composed of multiple segments, and each casting mold 1 is equipped with a runner 3. These runners 3 are integrated with the ingates 4 and the casting mold 1 itself during the manufacturing process. Subsequently, these independent runner 3 segments are combined into a complete runner 3 through a splicing process. During the splicing process, the segments are tightly connected in a concave-convex matching manner to ensure the structural stability of the entire runner 3 and the smoothness of fluid transmission. The runner 3 is connected to the inner cavities on both sides through two ingates 4, respectively, to achieve a smooth pouring channel. It is worth noting that the two ingates 4 are located at the same length position of the runner 3. This design ensures that the molten steel can be injected into the mold cavity through the two ingates 4 at the same time and evenly, greatly improving the synchronization and efficiency of pouring;
[0035] In addition, according to production needs, multiple casting molds 1 can be flexibly added, and they are evenly and orderly arranged on the runner 3 to form an efficient and orderly production array. Such a layout not only optimizes resource utilization, but also significantly improves the overall efficiency of coupler production, ensuring high product quality and fast delivery.
[0036] The ingates 4 are arranged on the lower side of the mold 1, directly aligned with the inner cavity position of the train hook tongue traction platform and connected thereto. When the molten steel is injected, it can smoothly enter from the bottom of the mold cavity through the ingates 4, and then the liquid level of the molten steel slowly rises. This design not only ensures the stability of the molten steel liquid level, but also effectively prevents the splashing of the molten steel inside the mold cavity, which causes the phenomenon of gas entrainment in the molten steel, thereby greatly reducing the probability of sand holes and pores, and significantly improving the overall quality of the product;
[0037] In addition, with the help of gravity, the molten steel feeds the casting from top to bottom during the solidification process, making the molten steel structure at the lower end of the traction table more compact. This feature significantly enhances the strength of the traction table, effectively solves the problem of the traction table being easily damaged due to force, and further improves the durability and reliability of the product.
[0038] The riser 5 is arranged at the tongue of the train hook at the upper end of the mold 1, and each group of molds 1 shares one riser 5. This riser 5 is also divided into a left riser shell and a right riser shell, which respectively match the left mold shell 7 and the right mold shell 8 formed by the mold 1. When it is necessary to splice the left mold shell 7 and the right mold shell 8 of the mold 1, the left riser shell and the right riser shell of the riser 5 can also be docked to form a complete riser 5 structure. It is specially emphasized here that the shape of the riser 5 includes but is not limited to spherical, ellipsoidal, square, polyhedral and other shapes. The design of the riser 5 is used to supplement the casting process to play a good heat preservation role, effectively prevent the occurrence of casting defects such as shrinkage cavities and shrinkage, and ensure the quality of the casting.
[0039] Both the sprue 2 and the runner 3 are made of materials with erosion resistance properties. The erosion-resistant material can be made of ceramic tubes or refractory brick tubes to ensure that it can maintain stability and durability under fluid erosion.
[0040] An exhaust structure 6 is provided at the highest end of each casting mold 1. The main function of the exhaust structure is to ensure that the gas inside the mold cavity can be discharged in a timely and effective manner. In addition, if the train hook tongue traction platform is located at the top, when the liquid level rises, the gas inside the mold cavity is easy to get stuck in the corner, which is prone to air holes and undesirable phenomena. Therefore, the train hook tongue is set at the top. Since the top of the train hook tongue is relatively smooth, it is easier to discharge the gas inside the mold cavity when the liquid level rises. Therefore, the train hook tongue is set at the top space. The position of the train hook tongue also enables the gas inside the mold cavity to be discharged in a timely and effective manner, thereby effectively preventing defects or air holes and other undesirable phenomena in the finished casting.
[0041] A casting process for a casting shell of a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold comprises the following steps:
[0042] S1. Shell making: pour the coated sand into the hopper of the core shooter, start the core shooter, shoot the coated sand into the core box to form a preliminary shell mold, so that the core sand fills the core box tightly. After sand shooting, the coated sand in the core box begins to soften and crust under the action of heating to form a hard shell mold. When the shell is solidified, take out the shell mold from the casting mold;
[0043] S2. Assemble and fix the shells: combine multiple shell molds together to form a complete casting mold, and use fixings to tighten the joints between the multiple shell molds to prevent the metal liquid from leaking during pouring;
[0044] S3, burying steel shot: bury the fixed shell into the steel shot and vibrate it;
[0045] S4, pouring: pouring the molten metal into the mold, and using steel shots to keep the mold stable during the pouring process to prevent the molten metal from leaking or the mold from deforming;
[0046] S5. Cooling: After the molten metal solidifies in the mold, take out the casting and cool it.
Claims
1. A casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold, comprising a casting mold (1), an ingate (4) and a pouring system, wherein the ingate (4) is arranged on the casting mold (1), and is characterized in that: The mold (1) is provided with a mold cavity in the shape of a train coupler tongue, wherein the pouring position is a spatial position in which one end of the train coupler tongue of the mold cavity is at the upper end and one end of the train coupler tongue traction platform of the mold cavity is at the bottom.
2. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pouring system comprises an endogate (4), the endogate (4) is located at a position aligned with the traction platform at the lower end and is connected to the interior of the mold cavity, the riser (5) is connected to the casting mold (1), and the riser (5) is located at the tongue of the train coupler at the upper end and is connected to the interior of the mold cavity.
3. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the sprue (2) and the runner (3) is erosion-resistant material.
4. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The casting molds (1) are provided in multiple groups, and the multiple groups of casting molds (1) are arranged linearly.
5. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two train coupler tongue cavities are arranged in the casting mold (1), and the two cavities are distributed in rotational symmetry, so that every two train coupler tongue-shaped cavities are back-to-back to form a unit group.
6. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 2, characterized in that: The casting mold (1) comprises a left mold shell (7), a right mold shell (8), an S-surface mold shell (9) and a core, and the mold cavities of the left mold shell (7), the right mold shell (8) and the S-surface mold shell (9) are spliced to form a mold cavity in the shape of a train coupler tongue.
7. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ingrate (4) and the riser (5) are both integrally formed with the casting mold (1), and the ingrate (4) and the riser (5) are formed by splicing a left mold shell (7) and a right mold shell (8).
8. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a fixing piece, which is used to fix the shell assembly.
9. The casting shell for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of each casting mold (1) is provided with an exhaust structure (6).
10. A casting process for casting a casting shell of a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold, characterized in that: A casting method for casting a train coupler tongue using a coated sand shell mold as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. Shell making: pour the coated sand into the hopper of the core shooter, start the core shooter, shoot the coated sand into the core box to form a preliminary shell mold, so that the core sand fills the core box tightly. After sand shooting, the coated sand in the core box begins to soften and crust under the action of heating to form a hard shell mold. When the shell is solidified, take out the shell mold from the casting mold; S2, assembling and fixing the shells: combining multiple shell molds together to form a complete casting mold (1), and tightening the joints between the multiple shell molds with fixing parts to prevent the leakage of molten metal during pouring; S3, burying steel shot: bury the fixed shell into the steel shot and vibrate it; S4, pouring: pouring the molten metal into the mold (1), and during the pouring process, the mold (1) is kept stable by steel shots to prevent leakage of the molten metal or deformation of the mold (1); S5. Cooling: After the molten metal solidifies in the casting mold (1), the casting is taken out and cooled.