I-shaped profile electron beam welding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, in particular to an I-shaped molded surface electron beam welding method which comprises the steps that a welding angle is set for an I-shaped molded surface, and the I-shaped molded surface is divided into a plurality of welding areas according to the number of layers of the welding surfaces in the welding direction; an electron beam welding process test is conducted through the test plates corresponding to all the welding areas, and welding process parameters of all the welding areas are obtained; and a coherent welding process specification is formed based on the welding process parameters of all the welding areas, and electron beam welding is conducted on the I-shaped surface through the welding process specification. According to the method, the process difficulty of variable-parameter welding of the abrupt change molded surface can be reduced, the adaptability of the electron beam welding process is improved, and one-time welding seam forming of multiple welding surfaces of the I-shaped molded surface is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, and in particular to an I-shaped surface electron beam welding method. Background Art

[0002] With the development of aviation manufacturing technology, the cabin sections and frame structures in the aviation field are facing the demand for lightweight and integrated research and development. In order to meet the rigidity and strength of the structure, the most common structural unit design form is the I-shaped profile, which also means that there are I-shaped profile welding joints. The ideal welding solution is one-time welding, which can improve both the welding quality and the internal welding quality. Due to the complex profile structure, electron beam welding is an ideal method for one-time welding of I-shaped joints, but the welding formation and welding quality control of this welding section are difficult. Taking the typical I-shaped profile in the aviation field as an example, the butted cross-section includes welding surfaces such as the upper edge bar, the web and the lower edge bar, and the thickness of each welding surface generally does not exceed 15 mm. The electron beam welding one-time forming method is affected by the three-layer welding surface structure of the upper and lower flanges, the web, etc. The difficulties and problems of welding forming are as follows: Since there are three layers of welding surfaces in the welding section, it is difficult to determine the focusing state of electron beam welding; there is an overlap between the welding surfaces during welding, and it is difficult to regulate the welding heat input energy; the different heat input energy absorbed between the welding surfaces during the welding process will affect the beam state of the lower welding surface, and it is not easy to achieve one-time weld formation of multiple welding surfaces. Summary of the invention

[0003] (1) Technical issues to be solved

[0004] The present application provides an I-shaped surface electron beam welding method, which solves the problem that it is difficult to achieve one-time weld formation of multiple welding surfaces of the I-shaped surface.

[0005] (2) Technical solution

[0006] The present application provides an I-shaped surface electron beam welding method, comprising:

[0007] Setting a welding angle for the I-shaped profile, and dividing the I-shaped profile into a plurality of welding areas along a welding direction according to the number of welding surface layers;

[0008] Conducting electron beam welding process tests on test plates corresponding to each welding zone to obtain welding process parameters of each welding zone;

[0009] A coherent welding process specification is formed based on the welding process parameters of each welding zone, and the I-shaped profile is electron beam welded using the welding process specification.

[0010] Furthermore, the welding area of ​​the I-shaped surface includes a first single-layer welding surface welding area, a first double-layer welding surface welding area, a second single-layer welding surface welding area, a second double-layer welding surface welding area and a third single-layer welding surface welding area in sequence along the welding direction.

[0011] Furthermore, the electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plates corresponding to the respective welding zones to obtain the welding process parameters of the respective welding zones, including:

[0012] Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to obtain welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface;

[0013] The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface are mapped to the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface.

[0014] Further, the electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface, including:

[0015] Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to determine the focusing current test values ​​corresponding to the starting point and the end point;

[0016] Electron beam welding is performed from the starting point to the end point by controlling the linear change of the focusing current, and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface are obtained based on the focusing current test value.

[0017] Further, mapping the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface includes:

[0018] Determining a first focusing current variation value based on a height difference between a welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface and a welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface;

[0019] The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface are obtained according to the first focusing current change value and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface.

[0020] Furthermore, the electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plates corresponding to the respective welding zones to obtain the welding process parameters of the respective welding zones, and further includes:

[0021] Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the second single-layer welding surface to determine the focusing current test values ​​corresponding to the starting point and the end point;

[0022] Electron beam welding is performed from the starting point to the end point by controlling the linear change of the focusing current, and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second single-layer welding surface are obtained based on the focusing current test value.

[0023] Furthermore, the electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plates corresponding to the respective welding zones to obtain the welding process parameters of the respective welding zones, and further includes:

[0024] Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to obtain welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface;

[0025] The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface are mapped to the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface.

[0026] Further, the electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface, including:

[0027] Conduct variable parameter welding process tests on test plates of equal thickness corresponding to multiple typical positions of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to determine focusing current test values ​​and welding beam test values ​​corresponding to the multiple typical positions;

[0028] Electron beam welding is performed by interpolating or controlling the focus current and welding beam changes in a linear proportional relationship, and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface are obtained based on the focus current test value and the welding beam test value.

[0029] Furthermore, after performing a variable parameter welding process test on a plurality of test plates of equal thickness corresponding to a plurality of typical positions of the welding zone of the first double-layer welding surface and determining the focusing current test values ​​and the welding beam test values ​​corresponding to the plurality of typical positions, the method further includes:

[0030] By utilizing the linear proportional relationship between welding heat input energy and welding thickness, the welding beam test values ​​at the plurality of typical positions are adjusted based on the thickness difference between the uniform thickness test plate and the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface.

[0031] Further, mapping the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface includes:

[0032] determining a second focusing current variation value based on a height difference between a welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface and a welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface;

[0033] The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface are obtained according to the second focusing current change value and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface.

[0034] (3) Beneficial effects

[0035] The above technical solution of the present application has the following advantages:

[0036] The electron beam welding method for an I-shaped surface provided in the present application sets a welding angle for the I-shaped surface, divides the I-shaped surface into a plurality of welding zones along the welding direction according to the number of welding surface layers, then performs an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to each welding zone to obtain welding process parameters for each welding zone, and finally forms a coherent welding process specification based on the welding process parameters for each welding zone. Electron beam welding of the I-shaped surface is performed using the welding process specification, which can reduce the process difficulty of variable parameter welding of abrupt surfaces, improve the adaptability of the electron beam welding process, and realize one-time weld formation of multiple welding surfaces of the I-shaped surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an I-shaped profile welding cross section provided for this application;

[0039] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the I-shaped surface partition design provided for this application;

[0040] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of welding parameters and mapping design of welding area of ​​single-layer welding surface provided for this application;

[0041] Figure 4 A corresponding relationship diagram of working distances between the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface and the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface provided in this application;

[0042] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the typical position design of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface provided in this application;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the welding area structure of the second double-layer welding surface provided in this application.

[0044] Figure markings: 1. Upper edge strip; 2. Web; 3. Lower edge strip; 4. First single-layer welding surface welding area; 5. First double-layer welding surface welding area; 51. Starting position of first double-layer welding surface welding area; 52. Starting position of double-layer wall of first double-layer welding surface welding area; 53. 1 / 2 length position of first double-layer welding surface welding area; 54. Thickest position of first double-layer welding surface welding area; 55. End point position of first double-layer welding surface welding area; 6. Second single-layer welding surface welding area; 7. Second double-layer welding surface welding area; 71. Starting position of second double-layer welding surface welding area; 72. Thickest position of second double-layer welding surface welding area; 73. 1 / 2 length position of second double-layer welding surface welding area; 74. End point position of double-layer wall of second double-layer welding surface welding area; 75. End point position of second double-layer welding surface welding area; 8. Third single-layer welding surface welding area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures, technologies, etc. are provided for the purpose of illustration rather than limitation, so as to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to prevent unnecessary details from obstructing the description of the present application.

[0046] It should be understood that when used in the present specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] In addition, in the description of the present application specification and the appended claims, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. described in the specification of this application mean that one or more embodiments of the present application include specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment. Therefore, the statements "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in some other embodiments", "in some other embodiments", etc. that appear in different places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways. The terms "including", "comprising", "having" and their variations all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways. "Multiple" means "two or more".

[0049] The specific implementation methods of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0050] The embodiment of the present application provides an I-shaped surface electron beam welding method, comprising: setting a welding angle for the I-shaped surface, dividing the I-shaped surface into a plurality of welding areas along the welding direction according to the number of welding surface layers; performing an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to each of the welding areas to obtain welding process parameters for each of the welding areas; forming a coherent welding process specification based on the welding process parameters of each of the welding areas, and performing electron beam welding on the I-shaped surface using the welding process specification.

[0051] The cross-sectional form of the I-shaped profile is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes welding surfaces such as upper edge bar 1, web plate 2 and lower edge bar 3. For I-shaped profile butt joints, the welding method of vertical edge bar is adopted, and the welding profile / section shape and thickness change greatly, which makes welding difficult. The multiple welding method of split edge bar and web plate has problems such as difficult control of overlap defects and large deformation. Therefore, the variable parameter one-time welding forming method with inclined angle is usually adopted, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0052] By setting a welding angle for the I-shaped surface, the I-shaped surface is divided into multiple welding areas along the welding direction according to the number of welding surface layers, and then the electron beam welding process test is carried out through the test plates corresponding to each welding area to obtain the welding process parameters of each welding area. Finally, a coherent welding process specification is formed based on the welding process parameters of each welding area. The I-shaped surface is electron beam welded using the welding process specification, which can reduce the process difficulty of variable parameter welding of sudden surface, improve the adaptability of the electron beam welding process, and realize one-time weld formation of multiple welding surfaces of the I-shaped surface.

[0053] In some embodiments, the welding area of ​​the I-shaped surface includes a first single-layer welding surface welding area, a first double-layer welding surface welding area, a second single-layer welding surface welding area, a second double-layer welding surface welding area and a third single-layer welding surface welding area in sequence along the welding direction.

[0054] In order to improve the adaptability of the process and reduce the welding difficulty of complex profile cross-sections, the embodiment of the present application carries out different welding partition designs along the welding direction, analyzes the welding parameter control direction, and the partitions include single-layer welding surface welding areas 4, 6, and 8, and double-layer welding surface welding areas 5 and 7. Under the conditions of right-angle I-shaped profiles and the same thickness of each welding surface, the double welding surface areas 5 and 7 have basically the same structural dimensions and forms, and only differ in working distance. Similarly, the single welding surface areas 4 and 8 have basically the same structural dimensions and forms. Therefore, during the welding process, the changing trends of the focusing current and welding beam in the double welding surface area 5 are opposite to those in the double welding surface area 7, while the changing trends of the focusing current and welding beam in the single welding surface area 4 are the same as those in the single welding surface area 8, which provides conditions for the welding parameter mapping of unit partitions with the same or similar shapes along the length direction.

[0055] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding process test is performed through the test plate corresponding to each welding area to obtain the welding process parameters of each welding area, including: performing an electron beam welding process test through the test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface; mapping the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface.

[0056] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding process test is performed through a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface, including: performing an electron beam welding process test through a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to determine the focusing current test values ​​corresponding to the starting point and the end point; performing electron beam welding from the starting point to the end point by controlling the linear change of the focusing current, and obtaining the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface based on the focusing current test values.

[0057] In some embodiments, mapping the welding process parameters of the first single-layer welding surface welding area to the third single-layer welding surface welding area to obtain the welding process parameters of the third single-layer welding surface welding area includes: determining a first focusing current change value based on a height difference between the third single-layer welding surface welding area and the first single-layer welding surface welding area; and obtaining the welding process parameters of the third single-layer welding surface welding area according to the first focusing current change value and the welding process parameters of the first single-layer welding surface welding area.

[0058] Mainly considering the influence of the double-layer welding surface, the welding angle is set at 30 to 60 degrees for the I-shaped surface, and the welding speed is selected at 800 to 2400 mm / min to adjust the welding process parameters; according to the zoning plan, the welding parameter tests and designs are carried out in each area.

[0059] According to the working distances H11 and H12 (corresponding to the height position) of the welding start and end points of zone 4, the test plate is assembled and welded according to the designed welding angle to determine the focusing current I corresponding to the starting and end points (starting and ending points). f1 ,I f2 , the focusing current changes linearly from the starting point to the end point for welding, and the welding process parameters are obtained, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0060] The working distance of the starting and ending points of partition 8 is approximately ΔH smaller than that of partition 4, that is, H21≈H11-ΔH, H22≈H12-ΔH. The focusing current change ΔI of the height difference ΔH is obtained by experiment f , using the welding parameter mapping method, the focusing current corresponding to the start and end points of zone 8 can be designed as I f3 ≈I f1 +ΔI f ,I f4 ≈I f2 +ΔI f The changing trends of the focusing current and welding beam in single welding surface zone 4 are the same as those in single welding surface zone 8. On this basis, the welding process parameters of zone 4 are mapped to zone 8 to obtain the welding process parameters of zone 8, reduce the number of welding tests, and improve the efficiency of process research.

[0061] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding process test is performed through the test plate corresponding to each of the welding areas to obtain the welding process parameters of each of the welding areas, and also includes: performing the electron beam welding process test through the test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the second single-layer welding surface to determine the focusing current test values ​​corresponding to the starting point and the end point; performing electron beam welding from the starting point to the end point by controlling the linear change of the focusing current, and obtaining the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second single-layer welding surface based on the focusing current test values.

[0062] According to the working distance between the starting and ending points of the 6-profile welding area, the welding test is carried out according to the welding angle assembly, and the focusing current I of the starting and ending points of the welding is designed. f5 ,I f6 , a linear change of focusing current is designed from the starting point to the end point for welding, and the welding process parameters are obtained.

[0063] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding process test is performed through the test plate corresponding to each of the welding zones to obtain the welding process parameters of each of the welding zones, and also includes: performing the electron beam welding process test through the test plate corresponding to the welding zone of the first double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding zone of the first double-layer welding surface; mapping the welding process parameters of the welding zone of the first double-layer welding surface to the welding zone of the second double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding zone of the second double-layer welding surface.

[0064] In some embodiments, the electron beam welding process test is performed on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface, including: performing a variable parameter welding process test on equal thickness test plates corresponding to multiple typical positions of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to determine the focusing current test values ​​and welding beam test values ​​corresponding to the multiple typical positions; performing electron beam welding by interpolating or controlling the focusing current and welding beam changes in a linear proportional relationship, and obtaining the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface based on the focusing current test values ​​and the welding beam test values.

[0065] In some embodiments, after the variable parameter welding process test is carried out through the equal thickness test plates corresponding to multiple typical positions of the welding zone of the first double-layer welding surface, and the focusing current test values ​​and welding beam test values ​​corresponding to the multiple typical positions are determined, it also includes: utilizing the linear proportional relationship between the welding heat input energy and the welding thickness, and adjusting the welding beam test values ​​of the multiple typical positions based on the thickness difference between the equal thickness test plate and the welding zone of the first double-layer welding surface.

[0066] In some embodiments, the welding process parameters of the first double-layer welding surface welding area are mapped to the second double-layer welding surface welding area to obtain the welding process parameters of the second double-layer welding surface welding area, including: determining the second focusing current change value based on the height difference between the second double-layer welding surface welding area and the first double-layer welding surface welding area; obtaining the welding process parameters of the second double-layer welding surface welding area according to the second focusing current change value and the welding process parameters of the first double-layer welding surface welding area.

[0067] According to the welding cross-sectional characteristics of the double-layer welding surface of welding zone 5, assembly and welding tests are performed according to the welding angle. According to the design, the working distances (height positions) of the starting point, the end point of the upper welding surface and the end point of the lower welding surface of welding zone 5 are H31, H32, and H33 respectively. Compared with welding zone 5, the working distances of the starting point, the starting point and the end point of the lower welding surface of welding zone 7 are H42≈H32-ΔH1, H43≈H33-ΔH1, and H41≈H31-ΔH1 respectively, that is, the working distances of each position of the profile of welding zone 7 are approximately ΔH1 less. Figure 4 shown.

[0068] For the double-layer welding surface welding area 5, a new test method based on weld formation and energy control was designed to obtain parameters such as focusing current and welding beam. Figure 5As shown, along the welding direction, the typical positions such as the starting position 51 of the double-layer welding surface welding area 5, the starting position 52 of the double-layer wall, the 1 / 2 length position 53, the thickest position 54, and the end position 55 are extracted to obtain the welding thicknesses δ1, δ2, δ3, ... δ5 corresponding to the typical positions. Assuming that the double-layer welding surface is a solid triangle structure, the welding process test is carried out for five test plates of equal thickness from δ1 to δ5, and the variable parameter welding test method is used to realize the weld formation, and the corresponding focusing current I is obtained. f07 ,I f08 ,I f09 .....I f011 , the corresponding welding beam I b07 ,I b08 ,I b09 .....I b011 .

[0069] At the focusing current I f07 ~I f011 Under the condition, the weld formation of five thicknesses of upper and lower surfaces is realized. Therefore, I f07 ~I f011 As the focusing current at the typical position of the double-layer welding surface welding area, that is, the focusing current at the profile position 51 to 55 of the double-layer welding surface welding area 5 is I f7 =I f07 ,I f8 =I f08 .....I f11 =I f011 . Using the linear proportional relationship between welding heat input energy and welding thickness, considering the thickness difference between five equal thickness test plates and the double-layer welding surface, the welding beam at the typical position of the welding area of ​​the double-layer welding surface is determined. Figure 5 As shown, inside the double-layer welding surface welding area 5, there are inner cavity thicknesses δ31, δ41, and δ51 at positions 53, 54, and 55. Due to the same thickness, the welding beam of the solid areas 51 and 52 of the double-layer welding surface welding area 5 is the same as that of the test plate with equal thickness, that is, I b7 =I b07 ,I b8 =I b08 Based on the energy conservation principle and equal thickness welding test, the welding beam current at positions 53, 54, and 55 of welding area 5 of the double-layer welding surface is obtained by using the linear ratio of the welding beam current and thickness at the same position:

[0070] Welding position 53:

[0071] Welding position 54:

[0072] Welding position 55:

[0073] According to the typical positions of the double-layer welding area 5 and the changes in welding parameters between them, the process verification of the double-layer welding area is carried out by using linear proportional relationship to interpolate or change parameters such as focusing current and welding beam.

[0074] Along the welding direction, in addition to the difference in working distance, the shape and size change trend of the double welding surface area 7 is opposite. During the welding process, the welding parameter change trend of the double welding surface area 7 is opposite to that of the double welding surface area 5. Through the experiment, the focusing current change ΔI corresponding to the height difference ΔH1 is obtained. f1 , using welding parameter mapping methods, such as Figure 6 As shown, at the starting position 71, the thickest position 72, the 1 / 2 length position 73, the double wall end position 74, and the end position 75 on the double welding surface area 7, the corresponding focusing current I is obtained. f12 =I f11 +ΔI f1 ,I f13 =I f10 +ΔI f1 ,I f14 =I f9 +ΔI f1 .........I f16 =I f7 +ΔI f1 , get the corresponding welding beam I b12 =I b11 ,I b13 =I b10 ,I b14 =I b9 ..........I b16 =I b7 The process verification of the double-layer welding surface welding area 7 is carried out by interpolating or changing the focusing current and welding beam parameters in a linear proportional relationship.

[0075] Based on the welding parameter test and mapping analysis of each zone, the overall I-shaped surface welding process specification of each zone is designed, including single welding surface welding 4 → double welding surface welding 5 → single welding surface welding 6 → double welding surface welding 7 → single welding surface welding 8. Processing and preparation of I-shaped test plate Figure 1 The welding process was verified by using a variable parameter welding method with continuous profile changes. The weld appearance was well formed after welding, and the internal quality of the weld met the Class I standard, completing the confirmation of the welding process specification parameters.

[0076] For I-shaped sections, in order to achieve one-time welding forming of multiple surfaces, the embodiment of the present application proposes to carry out zoning planning and design for I-shaped surface joints, extract zoning units of single welding surfaces and double welding surfaces with the same or similar shapes for welding process tests, map welding parameters to zoning units with the same or similar shape characteristics, reduce the process difficulty of variable parameter welding of sudden-shaped surfaces, improve the adaptability of electron beam welding process, reduce the number of tests, and improve the efficiency of process research; at the same time, a new welding method based on weld formation and energy control is designed, and the focusing current parameters of the welding zone of the double-layer welding surface are obtained through the welding forming test of equal-thickness sections across the double-layer welding surface, and the welding beam of the double-layer welding surface area is determined by using the linear relationship between thickness and heat input, so as to achieve a good appearance formed weld and improve the welding quality.

[0077] The following is described by means of specific examples.

[0078] Example

[0079] by Figure 1 Taking the TC4 titanium alloy I-shaped profile joint shown in the figure as an example, electron beam welding is performed, and the specific implementation example is as follows:

[0080] (1) An I-shaped profile joint specimen was designed and prepared. The thickness of the upper and lower flanges and the web was 6 mm, the width of the upper and lower flanges was 80 mm, the web height was 100 mm, and the single-side joint length was 100 mm.

[0081] (2) Figure 3 As shown in the figure, two single-layer welding test plates with a thickness of 6 mm are designed and prepared, such as Figure 4 , 5 The double-layer welding surface structure is designed to prepare five welding test plates with equal thickness ranging from 8.5 to 70 mm.

[0082] (3) The welding angle is designed to be 45°. Single-layer welding test plates, double-layer welding test plates and I-shaped profile joint specimens are assembled at this angle for welding tests.

[0083] (4) Conduct welding process test on the single-layer welding test plate with mapping relationship on both sides to obtain process parameters: voltage U a =150kV, welding speed v=1200mm / min, welding beam current I b =60mA. Based on the experiment and parameter mapping method, the focusing currents at the two positions are 2350→2310mA and 2420→2380mA respectively.

[0084] (5) The welding process parameters of the middle single-layer welding surface are obtained through process tests: voltage U a =150kV, speed v=1200mm / min, welding beam current I b=60mA, focusing current 2355→2370mA.

[0085] (6) Through the process test of equal thickness welding test plate, the welding process parameters of the double-layer welding surface are obtained: voltage U a =150kV, speed v=1200mm / min, welding beam current I b =150mA. Based on the experiment and parameter mapping method, the focusing currents at the two positions are 2460→2420mA and 2310→2270mA respectively.

[0086] (7) The process parameters of the above steps (4)-(6) are connected and optimized, and the I-shaped profile joint specimens are assembled and the welding forming test is carried out to verify that the weld appearance is good and the internal quality meets the Class I standard, and the repair welding process method and specifications are confirmed.

[0087] The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method provided in the embodiment of the present application obtains "partition units" of single welding surfaces and double welding surfaces of the same or similar shapes through the zoning planning and design of the I-shaped surface joint, provides conditions for parameter mapping along the welding direction, reduces the difficulty of process control of variable parameter welding of sudden surface, and improves the adaptability of the electron beam welding process. For the single welding surface area of ​​the I-shaped surface joint, based on the change of working distance, a welding parameter mapping method is adopted to design the increment of focusing current, obtain the welding parameters of the single welding surface of the same or similar shape, reduce the number of experiments, and improve the efficiency of process research. A new test method based on weld formation and energy control is designed, that is, based on the welding formation across the thickness of the double-layer welding surface, the focusing current parameters of the double-layer welding surface welding area are obtained, and the linear proportional relationship between welding thickness and heat input is used to determine the welding beam of the double-layer welding surface area. The welding parameter mapping method can be used to obtain good appearance forming welds for welding parameters of single welding surfaces of the same or similar shapes, thereby improving the welding quality.

[0088] It should be clear that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The present application is not limited to the specific structures described above and shown in the figures. In addition, for the sake of simplicity, detailed descriptions of known methods and technologies are omitted here.

[0089] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An I-shaped surface electron beam welding method, characterized in that: include: Setting a welding angle for the I-shaped profile, and dividing the I-shaped profile into a plurality of welding areas along a welding direction according to the number of welding surface layers; Conducting electron beam welding process tests on test plates corresponding to each welding zone to obtain welding process parameters of each welding zone; A coherent welding process specification is formed based on the welding process parameters of each welding zone, and the I-shaped profile is electron beam welded using the welding process specification.

2. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding area of ​​the I-shaped surface includes a first single-layer welding surface welding area, a first double-layer welding surface welding area, a second single-layer welding surface welding area, a second double-layer welding surface welding area and a third single-layer welding surface welding area in sequence along the welding direction.

3. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plates corresponding to the respective welding zones to obtain the welding process parameters of the respective welding zones, including: Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to obtain welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface; The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface are mapped to the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface.

4. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electron beam welding process test is performed on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to obtain welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface, including: Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to determine the focusing current test values ​​corresponding to the starting point and the end point; Electron beam welding is performed from the starting point to the end point by controlling the linear change of the focusing current, and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface are obtained based on the focusing current test value.

5. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Mapping the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface to the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface includes: Determining a first focusing current variation value based on a height difference between a welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface and a welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface; The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the third single-layer welding surface are obtained according to the first focusing current change value and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first single-layer welding surface.

6. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plates corresponding to the respective welding zones to obtain the welding process parameters of the respective welding zones, and further includes: Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the second single-layer welding surface to determine the focusing current test values ​​corresponding to the starting point and the end point; Electron beam welding is performed from the starting point to the end point by controlling the linear change of the focusing current, and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second single-layer welding surface are obtained based on the focusing current test value.

7. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plates corresponding to the respective welding zones to obtain the welding process parameters of the respective welding zones, and further includes: Conducting an electron beam welding process test on a test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to obtain welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface; The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface are mapped to the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface.

8. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electron beam welding process test is performed on the test plate corresponding to the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface, including: Conduct variable parameter welding process tests on test plates of equal thickness corresponding to multiple typical positions of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to determine focusing current test values ​​and welding beam test values ​​corresponding to the multiple typical positions; Electron beam welding is performed by interpolating or controlling the focus current and welding beam changes in a linear proportional relationship, and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface are obtained based on the focus current test value and the welding beam test value.

9. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After performing a variable parameter welding process test on a plurality of typical positions of the welding zone of the first double-layer welding surface with a test plate of equal thickness corresponding to the plurality of typical positions and determining the focusing current test values ​​and welding beam test values ​​corresponding to the plurality of typical positions, the method further includes: By utilizing the linear proportional relationship between welding heat input energy and welding thickness, the welding beam test values ​​at the plurality of typical positions are adjusted based on the thickness difference between the uniform thickness test plate and the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface.

10. The I-shaped surface electron beam welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: Mapping the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface to the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface to obtain the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface includes: determining a second focusing current variation value based on a height difference between a welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface and a welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface; The welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the second double-layer welding surface are obtained according to the second focusing current change value and the welding process parameters of the welding area of ​​the first double-layer welding surface.

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