Electron beam welding tool and method for box type structure variable cross-section welding seam

Abstract

The invention provides an electron beam welding tool and method for a box type structure variable cross-section welding seam, and the electron beam welding tool comprises a bottom frame assembly, and a first stand column assembly, a second stand column assembly, a third stand column assembly and a fourth stand column assembly which are arranged on the bottom frame assembly; the electron beam welding tool is used for assembling a box-shaped structure; the first stand column assembly is used for positioning a top plate of the box-shaped structure, the second stand column assembly is used for positioning the two sides of the box-shaped structure, the third stand column assembly is used for controlling a welding seam gap after the box-shaped structure is assembled, and the step difference is within a first preset value; the fourth stand column assembly is used for supporting and fixing a center mounting hole of the box-shaped structure, and the bottom frame assembly is used for adjusting the horizontal height of each position of a welding seam of the box-shaped structure, so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the welding seam of the box-shaped structure is controlled within a second preset value. According to the method, the assembly precision such as welding assembly clearance and step difference can be guaranteed, the assembly error is reduced, the horizontal height of a welding seam is adjusted, and the defects such as incomplete fusion and welding deviation are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electron beam welding, and in particular to an electron beam welding tool and method for a variable-section weld of a box-type structure. Background Art

[0002] Electron beam welding has become one of the commonly used welding methods in the aerospace field due to its advantages such as pure welds, large aspect ratio, and precise and controllable energy. As the key load-bearing structure of an aircraft, the box-type structure is generally large in size and has a variety of internal reinforcement ribs. The overall forging and machining are difficult. It is a more ideal solution to forge the components first and then use electron beam welding to manufacture. For electron beam welding of box-type structures with internal ribs, the usual welding solution is to use a large thickness welding method. The main difficulties are as follows:

[0003] The large-thickness welding method adopts a welding method that encompasses all complex sections and equal thickness. The welding thickness generally reaches more than tens of millimeters, so high welding line energy needs to be applied, resulting in greater welding deformation of the frame beam structure than conventional welding methods; the large-thickness welding method has a large amount of post-welding processing allowance in the area near the welding position, and the position of the internal reinforcement ribs of the box-type structure is affected by the box-type closed structure and shape and position layout. The tool accessibility is poor, and it is difficult to achieve using conventional mechanical processing methods, and the processing efficiency is low; the conventional welding method has a large welding thickness, and large pore defects and micropore defects are prone to occur at the root of the weld.

[0004] Under low welding allowance conditions and specific welding angles, the variable-section, continuously variable-parameter electron beam welding method can complete the welding of the outer bottom plate and the inner reinforcement ribs at one time, replacing the traditional equal-section, large-thickness, high-power electron beam welding method. However, the variable-section welding method places higher requirements on the accuracy of welding assembly. Since the internal reinforcement ribs are completely blocked by the outer bottom plate during welding, the weld at the position of the inner reinforcement rib cannot be aligned during welding. If there is an angle between the plane where the weld is located and the horizontal plane, defects such as welding deviation and lack of fusion are likely to occur at the reinforcement rib position, seriously affecting the welding quality. Summary of the invention

[0005] (1) Technical issues to be solved

[0006] The present application provides an electron beam welding tool and method for variable-section welds of box-type structures, which solves the problem that current variable-section welds of box-type structures are prone to defects such as welding deviation and lack of fusion, which seriously affect the welding quality.

[0007] (2) Technical solution

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides an electron beam welding tool for a variable-section weld of a box-type structure, comprising a bottom frame assembly and a column assembly 1, a column assembly 2, a column assembly 3, and a column assembly 4 arranged on the bottom frame assembly; the electron beam welding tool is used to assemble the box-type structure;

[0009] The column assembly 1 is used to position the top plate of the box-type structure, the column assembly 2 is used to position the two sides of the box-type structure, and the column assembly 3 is used to control the weld gap and step difference of the box-type structure after assembly to be within a first preset value;

[0010] The column assembly four is used to support and fix the central mounting hole of the box-type structure, and the bottom frame assembly is used to adjust the horizontal height of each position of the box-type structure weld so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the box-type structure weld is controlled within a second preset value.

[0011] Furthermore, the bottom frame assembly includes a base and a first pressing plate, a first supporting block, a second supporting block, a positioning block, and a second pressing plate arranged on the base;

[0012] The base is used to adjust the horizontal height of each position of the box-type structure weld so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the box-type structure weld is controlled within a second preset value;

[0013] The first pressing plate, the first supporting block and the second supporting block are used to support the bottom plate of the box-type structure, and the positioning block and the second pressing plate are used to fix the bottom center mounting hole of the box-type structure.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of positioning holes are provided on the base, and the positioning holes are used to install each column assembly.

[0015] Further, the column assembly 1 includes a column 1, a connecting plate 1, a supporting block 3, and a pressing plate 1;

[0016] The support block three and the pressure plate one are connected to the column one through the connecting plate one, and the support block three and the pressure plate one are used to fix the top plate of the box-type structure.

[0017] Further, the column assembly 2 includes column 2, fixing block 1, fixing block 2, fixing block 3, fixing block 4, and column 3;

[0018] Fixed block one and fixed block two are arranged on column two, and fixed block three and fixed block four are arranged on column three; fixed block one, fixed block two, fixed block three and fixed block four are used to position both sides of the box-type structure.

[0019] Further, the column assembly three includes a column four, a connecting plate two, a pressure beam, a welding base frame, a connecting plate three, a fixing block five, a fixing block six, and a fixing block seven;

[0020] The pressure beam is connected to the column four through the connecting plate two, and the pressure beam is used to apply pressure to the upper part of the box-shaped structure for fixing;

[0021] The welding chassis is arranged on the column four, and the fixing blocks five, six and seven are connected to the welding chassis through the connecting plate three; the fixing blocks five, six and seven are used to complete the fixing and fine-tuning of the welding seam area.

[0022] Furthermore, the column assembly four includes a column five, a mounting seat, and a positioning sleeve; the positioning sleeve is connected to the column five through the mounting seat.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application provides an electron beam welding method for a box-type structure with a variable cross-section weld, which is implemented by the electron beam welding tool as described above; the electron beam welding method comprises:

[0024] Assemble the box-shaped structure with the electron beam welding tooling, fix it with electron beam welding or argon arc spot welding, and then install it into the vacuum chamber;

[0025] The variable-section welds of the box-type structure are subjected to synchronous double-layer penetration electron beam welding to complete the welding of the E-section welds and U-shaped trajectory welds of the box-type structure.

[0026] Furthermore, after the box-shaped structure is assembled with the electron beam welding tooling and fixed by electron beam welding or argon arc spot welding and then loaded into the vacuum chamber, it also includes:

[0027] The horizontal heights of each position of the box-type structure weld are measured and adjusted so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the box-type structure weld is controlled within a second preset value.

[0028] Furthermore, the box-type structure variable-section weld is subjected to synchronous double-layer penetration electron beam welding to complete the welding of the box-type structure E-section weld and the U-shaped track weld, including:

[0029] Remove column assembly 4, position the box-type structure through column assembly 1, column assembly 2, and column assembly 3, and complete the welding of the E-section weld of the box-type structure;

[0030] Remove the columns of column assembly 2 and column assembly 3 on one side of the weld, position the box-type structure through the remaining columns, and complete the welding of the U-shaped track weld of the box-type structure.

[0031] (3) Beneficial effects

[0032] The above technical solution of the present application has the following advantages:

[0033] The first aspect of the present application provides an electron beam welding tool for variable-section welds of a box-type structure. The top plate of the box-type structure is positioned by a first column assembly, the two sides of the box-type structure are positioned by a second column assembly, the weld gap and step difference of the assembled box-type structure are controlled to be within a first preset value by a third column assembly, the center mounting hole of the box-type structure is supported and fixed by a fourth column assembly, and the horizontal height of each position of the weld of the box-type structure is adjusted by a bottom frame assembly, so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the weld of the box-type structure is controlled to be within a second preset value, thereby ensuring assembly accuracy such as welding assembly gap and step difference, providing basic conditions for ensuring welding quality, being able to adjust the weld horizontal height, ensuring that multiple internal and external welding positions are located in the same plane, reducing assembly errors, reducing the occurrence of defects such as incomplete fusion and welding deviation, and improving welding quality.

[0034] It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the second aspect mentioned above can be found in the relevant description of the first aspect mentioned above, and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the electron beam welding tooling provided for this application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the composition of the bottom frame assembly provided in this application;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the composition of the column assembly 1 provided in this application;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the composition of the column assembly 2 provided in this application;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the composition of the column assembly three provided for this application;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the composition of the column assembly four provided in this application;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the assembly of the box-type structure and the electron beam welding tooling provided in this application;

[0043] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a primary electron beam welding process provided for this application;

[0044] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of secondary electron beam welding provided for this application.

[0045] 1. The bottom frame assembly; 2. The column assembly one; 3. The column assembly two; 4. The column assembly three; 5. The column assembly four; 6. The base; 7. The pressure plate one; 8. The support block one; 9. The support block two; 10. The positioning block; 11. The pressure plate two; 12. The column one; 13. The connecting plate one; 14. The supporting block three; 15. The column two; 16. The fixing block one; 17. The fixing block two; 18. The fixing block three; 19. The fixing block four; 20. The column three; 21. The column four; 22. The connecting plate two; 23. The pressure beam; 24. The welding base; 25. The connecting plate three; 26. The fixing block five; 27. The fixing block six; 28. The fixing block seven; 29. ​​The column five; 30. The mounting seat; 31. The positioning sleeve; 32. The box-type structure; 33. The electron beam; 34. The E-section weld; 35. The U-track weld. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The specific implementation methods of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0047] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" etc. described in the specification of this application mean that one or more embodiments of the present application include specific features, structures or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment", "in some embodiments", "in some other embodiments", "in some other embodiments", etc. appearing in different places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments", unless otherwise specifically emphasized in other ways.

[0050] The present application provides an electron beam welding tool and method for variable-section welds of precision box-type structures, which utilizes the high penetration of the electron beam to simultaneously complete the welding of the outer bottom plate and the inner reinforcement ribs in one welding trajectory, thereby greatly reducing the dimensional margin that needs to be reserved before welding and improving the dimensional accuracy after welding.

[0051] The specific implementation methods of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application but are not intended to limit the scope of the present application.

[0052] The present application embodiment provides an electron beam welding tool for a box-type structure with a variable cross-section weld, such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, it includes a bottom frame assembly 1 and a column assembly 1 2, a column assembly 2 3, a column assembly 3 4, and a column assembly 4 5 arranged on the bottom frame assembly 1; the electron beam welding tool is used to assemble the box-type structure 32; the column assembly 1 2 is used to position the top plate of the box-type structure 32, the column assembly 2 3 is used to position the two sides of the box-type structure 32, and the column assembly 3 4 is used to control the weld gap and the step difference of the box-type structure 32 after assembly to be within a first preset value; the column assembly 4 5 is used to support and fix the central mounting hole of the box-type structure 32, and the bottom frame assembly 1 is used to adjust the horizontal height of each position of the weld of the box-type structure 32, so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the weld of the box-type structure 32 is controlled within a second preset value.

[0053] In order to ensure sufficient bearing capacity, the common box-type structure is mainly designed with multiple reinforcing ribs combined units, and the welding section position contains various structural forms such as ribs, flanges, and webs. Conventional electron beam welding completes penetration welding on one welding profile to achieve double-sided forming on both sides of the weld. The synchronous double-layer penetration electron beam welding method utilizes the characteristics of high electron beam energy and strong penetration. By adjusting the appropriate welding parameters, the remaining energy after completing the penetration welding of one welding profile can still achieve penetration welding on the next welding profile.

[0054] like Figure 1The figure shows an electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds. The welding tool is assembled from multiple components, each of which is detachable and can be repeatedly adjusted and positioned. Figure 1 The electron beam welding tooling of the box-type structure specifically includes the following five components: bottom frame component 1, column component 1 2, column component 2 3, column component 3 4, column component 4 5. The bottom frame component 1 provides a reference platform for the assembly of the box-type structure 32, ensuring that multiple internal and external welding positions are located on the same plane, reducing assembly errors, and reducing the occurrence of defects such as lack of fusion and welding deviation. Through the limiting, pressing, and top support of multiple groups of column components, the positioning and assembly of the box-type structure 32 are realized, and the assembly accuracy such as welding assembly gap and step difference is guaranteed, which provides basic conditions for ensuring welding quality, avoids the blocking of the electron beam by the fixture component, and ensures the rigid fixation of the box-type structure.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the bottom frame assembly 1 includes a base 6 and a pressing plate 1 7, a supporting block 1 8, a supporting block 2 9, a positioning block 10, and a pressing plate 2 11 arranged on the base 6; the base 6 is used to adjust the horizontal height of each position of the weld of the box-type structure 32, so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the weld of the box-type structure 32 is controlled within a second preset value; the pressing plate 1 7, the supporting block 1 8 and the supporting block 2 9 are used to support the bottom plate of the box-type structure 32, and the positioning block 10 and the pressing plate 2 11 are used to fix the bottom center mounting hole of the box-type structure 32.

[0056] In some embodiments, a plurality of positioning holes are provided on the base, and the positioning holes are used to install each column assembly.

[0057] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the column assembly 2 includes a column 12, a connecting plate 13, a support block 3 14, and a pressure plate 7; the support block 3 14 and the pressure plate 7 are connected to the column 12 via the connecting plate 13, and the support block 3 14 and the pressure plate 7 are used to fix the top plate of the box-type structure 32.

[0058] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the column assembly 2 3 includes a column 2 15, a fixing block 1 16, a fixing block 2 17, a fixing block 3 18, a fixing block 4 19, and a column 3 20; the fixing block 1 16 and the fixing block 2 17 are arranged on the column 2 15, and the fixing block 3 18 and the fixing block 4 19 are arranged on the column 3 20; the fixing block 1 16, the fixing block 2 17, the fixing block 3 18, and the fixing block 4 19 are used to position the two sides of the box-type structure 32.

[0059] In some embodiments, Figure 5As shown, the column assembly three 4 includes a column four 21, a connecting plate two 22, a pressure beam 23, a welding base frame 24, a connecting plate three 25, a fixing block five 26, a fixing block six 27, and a fixing block seven 28; the pressure beam 23 is connected to the column four 21 through the connecting plate two 22, and the pressure beam 23 is used to apply pressure to the upper part of the box-type structure 32 for fixing; the welding base frame 24 is arranged on the column four 21, and the fixing block five 26, the fixing block six 27, and the fixing block seven 28 are connected to the welding base frame 24 through the connecting plate three 25; the fixing block five 26, the fixing block six 27, and the fixing block seven 28 are used to complete the fixing and fine-tuning of the weld area.

[0060] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, the column assembly four 5 includes a column five 29, a mounting seat 30, and a positioning sleeve 31; the positioning sleeve 31 is connected to the column five 29 through the mounting seat 30.

[0061] The bottom frame assembly 1 is composed of a base 6, a pressure plate 1 7, a support block 1 8, a support block 2 9, a positioning block 10, and a pressure plate 2 11. Figure 2 As shown; the column assembly 2 is composed of a column 12, a connecting plate 13, a support block 14, a pressure plate 7, as shown Figure 3 As shown; column assembly II 3 consists of column II 15, a fixed block 16, a fixed block II 17, a fixed block III 18, a fixed block IV 19, a column III 20, as shown Figure 4 As shown; column assembly three 4 by column four 21, connecting plate two 22, pressure beam 23, welded chassis 24, connecting plate three 25, fixed block five 26, fixed block six 27, fixed block seven 28 components, such as Figure 5 column assembly four 5 by the column five 29, the mounting seat 30, the positioning sleeve 31 composed of, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0062] The welding of the box-shaped structure 32 is mainly carried out in three steps. The first step is to assemble and fix the box-shaped structure 32 with the welding tooling. Figure 7As shown, all components are welded to ensure high quality of welds. The weld gap and step difference of the box-type structure 32 after assembly need to be within 0.2mm. After assembly, electron beam welding or argon arc spot welding is used to fix it. During assembly and positioning, the bottom frame component 1 is located at the bottom of the tooling, which plays a role in supporting and installing and positioning. The support base under the base 6 can be fine-tuned to ensure that the horizontal height of the weld is basically consistent. Multiple positioning holes are designed on the base 6 of the bottom frame component for the installation and positioning of the column component. At the same time, the pressure plate 1 7, the support block 1 8 and the support block 2 9 are fixed to the base 6 through movable pins and nuts, which are used to cooperate with the bottom plate of the box-type structure 32 for fixing and supporting. The size of the support block is designed to match the bottom surface of the box-type structure 32. The positioning block 10 and the pressure plate 2 11 are used to fix the bottom center mounting hole of the box-type structure 32. The column assembly 12 is fixed to the tail of the bottom frame assembly, wherein the support block 3 14 and the pressure plate 17 are used together to fix the top plate of the box-type structure 32. The support block supports from the inside, and the pressure plate applies pressure from the outside, and is connected and fixed to the column 12 through the connecting plate 13 to realize the assembly positioning of the top plate of the box-type structure 32.

[0063] The column assembly 23 is divided into two parts, column 2 15 and column 3 20. The main function is to position the curved surfaces on both sides of the box-type structure 32 through four fixing blocks. The contact surface between the positioning block and the box-type structure 32 is designed to match the curved surface. The column 2 15 is fixed by bolts and cannot be moved. The column 3 20 is fixed on the movable groove by a movable latch and can be fine-tuned according to the actual fit of the curved surface on the side of the box-type structure 32. The column assembly 3 4 is formed by connecting and fixing two identical columns 4 21 and a welding base frame 24. The connecting plate 2 22 and the connecting plate 3 25 play a connecting role. The pressure beam 23 applies pressure from the upper part of the box-type structure 32 to fix it. The fixing blocks 5 to 7 (26 to 28) mainly complete the fixing and fine-tuning of the weld area to ensure that the weld gap and step difference after assembly are within 0.2 mm. The column assembly 45 is fixed to the head of the box-shaped structure 32, and mainly plays the role of supporting and fixing the center mounting hole on the box-shaped structure 32. The fixed structure composed of the mounting seat 30 and the positioning sleeve 31 can be adjusted in the height direction to adapt to the change in the center hole distance caused by shrinkage deformation during welding.

[0064] Since the variable cross-section electron beam welding needs to penetrate two mold surfaces at the same time during one welding process, the shielding of the upper mold surface during the welding process causes the lower mold surface to be in an unobservable state. Therefore, in order to ensure that the welds of the upper and lower mold surfaces are welded at the same time, after the assembly positioning spot welding is fixed and loaded into the vacuum chamber, the horizontal height of each position of the weld of the box-type structure 32 needs to be measured before welding. Generally, the width of the electron beam weld is 2 to 2.5 mm. In order to avoid welding quality problems such as unfused welds and weld deviation, the support base under the base 6 of the bottom frame assembly 1 is used to adjust the horizontal height of each position of the weld, and the horizontal height difference of each position of the weld needs to be within 0.5 mm.

[0065] This application can not only be used for engineering applications of electron beam welding of complex ribbed structures, but more importantly, it provides a new tooling design for the multi-ribbed structure in the inner cavity of the new generation of aircraft. Its research results can also be further extended to the welding of other military complex frame beam structures, providing new methods, new technologies, and new capabilities for the integrated manufacturing of large components in my country, and improving the welding manufacturing level of large component assemblies in my country. The weld surface of the welded structural parts completed by this application is well formed, and the welding quality of the X-ray flaw detection meets the HBⅠ standard.

[0066] The embodiment of the present application also provides an electron beam welding method for variable-section welds of a box-type structure, which is implemented by the electron beam welding tooling as described above; the electron beam welding method includes: assembling the box-type structure 32 with the electron beam welding tooling, and fixing it with electron beam welding or argon arc spot welding and then placing it into a vacuum chamber; performing synchronous double-layer penetration electron beam welding on the variable-section welds of the box-type structure 32 to complete the welding of the E-section weld 34 and the U-shaped trajectory weld 35 of the box-type structure 32.

[0067] In some embodiments, after the box-type structure 32 is assembled with the electron beam welding tooling, fixed by electron beam welding or argon arc spot welding and then placed into the vacuum chamber, it also includes: measuring and adjusting the horizontal height of each position of the weld of the box-type structure 32, so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the weld of the box-type structure 32 is controlled within a second preset value.

[0068] In some embodiments, synchronous double-layer penetration electron beam welding is performed on the variable-section weld of the box-type structure 32 to complete the welding of the E-section weld 34 and the U-shaped trajectory weld 35 of the box-type structure 32, including: removing the column assembly four 5, positioning the box-type structure 32 through the column assembly one 2, the column assembly two 3, and the column assembly three 4, and completing the welding of the E-section weld 34 of the box-type structure 32; removing the columns of the column assembly two 3 and the column assembly three 4 on one side of the weld, positioning the box-type structure 32 through the remaining columns, and completing the welding of the U-shaped trajectory weld 35 of the box-type structure 32.

[0069] like Figures 7 to 9 As shown, taking the TC4 titanium alloy box-type structure as an example, the embodiment of the present application completes its assembly and electron beam welding in three steps: welding tooling scheme design, welding assembly positioning, and electron beam welding.

[0070] (1) Design of welding tooling scheme: The welding tooling of the box-type structure 32 is composed of a bottom frame assembly 1, a column assembly 1 2, a column assembly 2 3, a column assembly 3 4, and a column assembly 4 5, and the material used is weakly magnetic stainless steel.

[0071] (2) Welding assembly positioning: Complete the assembly positioning of the box-shaped structure 32 and the welding tooling in sequence, such as Figure 8As shown, in order to avoid electron beam shielding, the column assembly 45 and its related components are removed during the first welding, and the box-type structure 32 is mainly positioned by the remaining four column assemblies, and the support assembly of the inner cavity is retained; Fig. 9 As shown, during the second welding, the columns and related components of the column assembly 2 3 and the column assembly 3 4 on one side of the weld are removed, and the remaining columns are retained to position the box-type structure 32 and provide necessary inner cavity support.

[0072] (3) Electron beam welding: After the box-type structure 32 is assembled, the electron beam welding is carried out in two steps. The first step is to complete the welding of the two E-section welds 34, and the direction of the electron beam 33 is perpendicular to the E-section weld 34. The second step is to complete the welding of the U-shaped track weld 35 on the side wall, and the direction of the electron beam 33 is perpendicular to the U-shaped track weld 35.

[0073] The electron beam welding tool and method for the variable cross-section weld of the box-type structure provided in the embodiment of the present application can meet the needs of double-layer penetration variable cross-section electron beam welding for the problem of electron beam welding of the box-type structure with variable cross-section, can assemble and disassemble each component according to the form of the weld, adjust the horizontal height of the weld, meet the welding requirements, and are easy to use, simple to maintain, and have low manufacturing costs. The bottom frame support provides a reference platform for the assembly of the box-type structure, ensuring that multiple welding positions inside and outside are located in the same plane, reducing assembly errors, and reducing the occurrence of defects such as unfusion and welding deviation; through the limiting, pressing, and top support of multiple groups of column components, the positioning and assembly of the box-type structure are realized, and the assembly accuracy such as welding assembly gap and step difference is ensured, providing basic conditions for welding. A method of disassembling and assembling the fixture assembly in batches and welding in batches is designed, first welding the E-section weld and then welding the U-shaped track weld, which not only avoids the blocking of the electron beam by the fixture assembly, but also ensures the rigid fixation of the box-type structure, and retains the positioning and support function of the fixture for the box-type structure.

[0074] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example for illustration. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0075] It should be clear that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The present application is not limited to the specific structures described above and shown in the figures. In addition, for the sake of simplicity, detailed descriptions of known methods and technologies are omitted here.

[0076] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds, characterized in that: It comprises a bottom frame assembly and a column assembly 1, a column assembly 2, a column assembly 3 and a column assembly 4 arranged on the bottom frame assembly; the electron beam welding tool is used for assembling a box-type structure; The column assembly 1 is used to position the top plate of the box-type structure, the column assembly 2 is used to position the two sides of the box-type structure, and the column assembly 3 is used to control the weld gap and step difference of the box-type structure after assembly to be within a first preset value; The column assembly four is used to support and fix the central mounting hole of the box-type structure, and the bottom frame assembly is used to adjust the horizontal height of each position of the box-type structure weld so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the box-type structure weld is controlled within a second preset value.

2. The electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom frame assembly includes a base and a first pressing plate, a first supporting block, a second supporting block, a positioning block, and a second pressing plate arranged on the base; The base is used to adjust the horizontal height of each position of the box-shaped structure weld so that the horizontal height difference of each position of the box-shaped structure weld is controlled within a second preset value; The first pressing plate, the first supporting block and the second supporting block are used to support the bottom plate of the box-shaped structure, and the positioning block and the second pressing plate are used to fix the bottom center mounting hole of the box-shaped structure.

3. The electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base is provided with a plurality of positioning holes, and the positioning holes are used to install each column assembly.

4. The electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column assembly 1 includes a column 1, a connecting plate 1, a supporting block 3, and a pressing plate 1; The support block three and the pressure plate one are connected to the column one through the connecting plate one, and the support block three and the pressure plate one are used to fix the top plate of the box-type structure.

5. The electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column assembly 2 includes a column 2, a fixing block 1, a fixing block 2, a fixing block 3, a fixing block 4, and a column 3; The fixing block 1 and the fixing block 2 are arranged on the column 2, and the fixing block 3 and the fixing block 4 are arranged on the column 3; the fixing block 1, the fixing block 2, the fixing block 3 and the fixing block 4 are used to position the two sides of the box-type structure.

6. The electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column assembly three includes a column four, a connecting plate two, a pressure beam, a welding base frame, a connecting plate three, a fixing block five, a fixing block six, and a fixing block seven; The pressure beam is connected to the column four through the connecting plate two, and the pressure beam is used to apply pressure to the upper part of the box-shaped structure to fix it; The welding base is arranged on the column four, and the fixing block five, the fixing block six, and the fixing block seven are connected to the welding base through the connecting plate three; the fixing block five, the fixing block six, and the fixing block seven are used to complete the fixing and fine-tuning of the weld area.

7. The electron beam welding tool for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column assembly four includes a column five, a mounting seat, and a positioning sleeve; the positioning sleeve is connected to the column five through the mounting seat.

8. An electron beam welding method for box-type structure variable cross-section welds, characterized in that: The electron beam welding tool is implemented by any one of claims 1 to 7; the electron beam welding method comprises: Assembling the box-shaped structure with the electron beam welding tooling, fixing them by electron beam welding or argon arc spot welding, and then placing them into the vacuum chamber; The variable-section weld of the box-type structure is subjected to synchronous double-layer penetration electron beam welding to complete the welding of the E-section weld and the U-shaped track weld of the box-type structure.

9. The electron beam welding method for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the box-shaped structure is assembled with the electron beam welding tool and fixed by electron beam welding or argon arc spot welding and then placed in a vacuum chamber, the method further includes: The horizontal heights of the various positions of the box-type structure weld are measured and adjusted so that the horizontal height differences of the various positions of the box-type structure weld are controlled within a second preset value.

10. The electron beam welding method for box-type structure variable cross-section welds according to claim 8, characterized in that: The synchronous double-layer penetration electron beam welding of the variable-section weld of the box-type structure to complete the welding of the E-section weld and the U-shaped track weld of the box-type structure includes: The column assembly 4 is removed, and the box-type structure is positioned by means of the column assembly 1, the column assembly 2, and the column assembly 3, so as to complete the welding of the E-section weld of the box-type structure; The columns of column assembly 2 and column assembly 3 on one side of the weld are removed, the box-type structure is positioned by the remaining columns, and the welding of the U-shaped track weld of the box-type structure is completed.

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