Method for extracting agaric polysaccharide from agaric

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of auricularia auricula extraction, and discloses a method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, cleaning and soaking raw materials; s2, matching an extracting solution, heating and extracting; s3, filtering is carried out; s4, concentrating; s5, ethanol precipitation; s6, centrifugal separation; s7, washing, precipitating and drying; and S8, detecting and storing. By reasonably optimizing the temperature, the time and the use amount of the solvent in the extraction process, the extraction efficiency of the auricularia auricula polysaccharide is remarkably improved, water extraction and an ethanol precipitation method are combined, the more efficient extraction temperature is adopted, and meanwhile, the proportion of the solvent is adjusted, so that the polysaccharide component in the auricularia auricula can be more sufficiently dissolved in water, and the extraction efficiency of the auricularia auricula polysaccharide is improved. The method has the advantages that the method is simple and convenient to operate, more auricularia auricula polysaccharides are obtained, the yield of the polysaccharides is increased, the extracted auricularia auricula polysaccharides are guaranteed to have better biological activity and stability, and the technical requirements on operators can be effectively reduced by adopting common and easily-operated separation and purification technologies of a low-temperature vacuum concentration method and a centrifugal separation method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of auricularia auricula extraction, in particular to a method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula. Background Art

[0002] In the mycological classification, wood ear belongs to the class of Basidiomycetes, the order of Auriculariales, and the family of Auriculariaceae. It is dark brown in color, soft in texture, and can prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia and has other medicinal effects. The wood ear polysaccharide extracted from wood ear has the effects of lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, lowering cholesterol, inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving the body's immune function, and resisting thrombosis, anti-aging, anti-ulcer, and anti-radiation.

[0003] Chitin and β-glucan, the key components of the black fungus cell wall, are tough in texture and not easily digested by the human body. The various effective ingredients contained in the cell wall are difficult to pass through the cell wall and be absorbed by the human body. Therefore, breaking the cell wall is particularly important for the deep processing of black fungus. Breaking the cell wall can dissolve the functional ingredients rich in black fungus cells in water, thereby improving the digestion and absorption rate of black fungus.

[0004] At present, there are various methods for extracting wood ear polysaccharides, including water extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, acid-base extraction, etc. Among them, water extraction has become the most commonly used extraction method due to its advantages such as simple operation, low equipment requirements, and non-toxic solvents. However, the existing water extraction methods often have low extraction efficiency, and are often affected by factors such as temperature and pH during the extraction process, resulting in difficulty in ensuring the yield and quality of wood ear polysaccharides. Therefore, developing an efficient and simple extraction method is a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a method for extracting Auricularia auricula polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention mainly solves the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and provides a method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme, a method for extracting black fungus polysaccharide from black fungus, comprising the following steps: S1: raw material cleaning and soaking: 500g-900g of high-quality black fungus is selected, the black fungus is thoroughly rinsed with clean water, the cleaned black fungus is soaked in clean water, an appropriate amount of acid is added, and the pH is controlled at 4.0 to ensure that the black fungus fully absorbs water and returns to its original state;

[0008] S2: Extraction liquid ratio and heating extraction: put the cut black fungus into the extraction container, add distilled water at a ratio of 1:15, heat the extract liquid soaked with black fungus to 90°C, and stir continuously to ensure that the polysaccharide in the black fungus is fully dissolved in the water;

[0009] S3: Filtration: After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through four layers of gauze to remove the fungus residue and obtain a clear fungus extract;

[0010] S4: Concentration: The filtered extract is concentrated by low-temperature vacuum concentration to remove part of the water;

[0011] S5: Ethanol precipitation: slowly add 3-3.8 times the volume of ethanol to the concentrated liquid, stir evenly, and let stand for 24 hours. At this time, the Auricularia polysaccharide will precipitate in the ethanol;

[0012] S6: Centrifugal separation: Separate the precipitate by centrifugation for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate, and remove the supernatant;

[0013] S7: washing and drying the precipitate: washing the precipitate with cold ethanol to remove impurities in the ethanol, filtering the washed precipitate with gauze to remove the ethanol, placing the washed precipitate in a vacuum drying oven, and drying to constant weight to obtain auricularia auricularia polysaccharide dry powder;

[0014] S8: Detection and storage: The content of the fungus polysaccharide is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or sugar content determination method (such as phenol-sulfuric acid method). The dried fungus polysaccharide is stored in a dry and cool place, avoiding direct sunlight to maintain its biological activity.

[0015] Preferably, in S1, the soaking time is 30 minutes to 50 minutes, and the meat is cut into small pieces of about 0.4 cm.

[0016] Preferably, in S2, the extract is heated to 90°C and maintained at this temperature for 2-2.4 hours.

[0017] Preferably, in S4, the mixture is concentrated to 1 / 4 of the original volume by low-temperature vacuum concentration, and the concentration temperature is controlled at 50°C.

[0018] Preferably, in S6, the centrifugation condition is 3000 rpm-5000 rpm, and the centrifugation is for 10 minutes.

[0019] Preferably, in S7, the mixture is washed with cold ethanol for 3-7 times, and the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is controlled at 40°C.

[0020] The present invention provides a method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. A method for extracting black fungus polysaccharide from black fungus significantly improves the extraction efficiency of black fungus polysaccharide by reasonably optimizing the temperature, time and solvent usage in the extraction process, combines water extraction with ethanol precipitation, adopts a more efficient extraction temperature, and adjusts the proportion of solvent so that the polysaccharide components in the black fungus can be more fully dissolved in water, thereby obtaining more black fungus polysaccharide. This improvement not only increases the yield of polysaccharides, but also ensures that the extracted black fungus polysaccharide has good biological activity and stability.

[0022] 2. The method for extracting wood ear polysaccharides from wood ear adopts low-temperature vacuum concentration method and centrifugal separation method, which are both common and easy-to-operate separation and purification technologies, and can effectively reduce the technical requirements for operators. At the same time, the entire process can be flexibly adjusted according to the production scale, is suitable for large-scale production, and has good industrial application potential.

[0023] 3. The method for extracting black fungus polysaccharide from black fungus adopts low-temperature vacuum concentration method to avoid the destruction of black fungus polysaccharide and other biologically active components by high temperature during the concentration process, can effectively protect the structure and function of the polysaccharide components, reduce the degradation of heat-sensitive substances, maintain the natural active ingredients of black fungus polysaccharide, and ensure the quality and biological activity of the product.

[0024] 4. A method for extracting black fungus polysaccharide from black fungus, further separating and purifying black fungus polysaccharide by ethanol precipitation, can effectively remove impurities in the extract, and ensure the high purity of the final product. During the precipitation process, black fungus polysaccharide is precipitated by ethanol, and impurities are removed with the supernatant. The precipitated material is centrifuged and washed with ethanol multiple times, which not only removes small molecule impurities dissolved in the extract, but also removes other organic matter that may affect the quality of polysaccharide. The finally obtained black fungus polysaccharide dry powder has high purity and is suitable for use in pharmacological research, nutritional supplements and health products.

[0025] 5. A method for extracting black fungus polysaccharides from black fungus. The extraction method of the invention has strong adaptability and is suitable for extracting polysaccharides from different varieties of black fungus (such as black fungus, yellow fungus, etc.). Whether it is dry black fungus or fresh black fungus, it can be efficiently extracted by this method. The universality of this method makes it have good applicability in different varieties and origins of black fungus, and can meet the production requirements of different markets and demands. Especially with the expansion of the black fungus industry and the increasing demand of consumers for the health benefits of black fungus polysaccharides, polysaccharides can be efficiently and stably extracted from various black fungus, which will greatly enhance the market competitiveness and application prospects of black fungus polysaccharides. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Embodiment 1: A method for extracting fungus polysaccharide from fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1: Washing and soaking raw materials: select 500g of high-quality black fungus, rinse the black fungus thoroughly with clean water, soak the washed black fungus in clean water, add an appropriate amount of acid, control the pH at 4.0, soak for 30 minutes, ensure that the black fungus fully absorbs water and returns to its original shape, and cut into small pieces of about 0.4cm for subsequent extraction;

[0029] S2: Extraction solution ratio and heating extraction: Put the cut black fungus into the extraction container, add distilled water at a ratio of 1:15, heat the extract solution soaked with black fungus to 90°C, maintain the temperature for 2 hours, and stir continuously during the process to ensure that the polysaccharides in the black fungus are fully dissolved in the water;

[0030] S3: Filtration: After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through four layers of gauze to remove the fungus residue and obtain a clear fungus extract;

[0031] S4: Concentration: The filtered extract is concentrated to 1 / 4 of its original volume by removing part of the water through low-temperature vacuum concentration. The concentration temperature is controlled at 50°C to reduce the destruction of heat-sensitive substances.

[0032] S5: Ethanol precipitation: slowly add 3 times the volume of ethanol to the concentrated liquid, stir evenly, and let stand for 24 hours. At this time, the Auricularia polysaccharide will precipitate in the ethanol;

[0033] S6: Centrifugal separation: Separate the precipitate by centrifugation at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate, and remove the supernatant;

[0034] S7: washing and drying the precipitate: washing the precipitate with cold ethanol for 3 times to remove impurities in the ethanol, filtering the washed precipitate with gauze to remove the ethanol, placing the washed precipitate in a vacuum drying oven, controlling the temperature at 40°C, and drying to constant weight to obtain auricularia auricularia polysaccharide dry powder;

[0035] S8: Detection and storage: The content of the fungus polysaccharide is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or sugar content determination method (such as phenol-sulfuric acid method). The dried fungus polysaccharide is stored in a dry and cool place, avoiding direct sunlight to maintain its biological activity.

[0036] Embodiment 2: A method for extracting fungus polysaccharide from fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1: Washing and soaking raw materials: Select 600g of high-quality black fungus, rinse the black fungus thoroughly with clean water, soak the washed black fungus in clean water, add an appropriate amount of acid, control the pH at 4.0, soak for 35 minutes, ensure that the black fungus fully absorbs water and returns to its original shape, and cut into small pieces of about 0.4cm for subsequent extraction;

[0038] S2: Extraction solution ratio and heating extraction: Put the cut black fungus into the extraction container, add distilled water at a ratio of 1:15, heat the extract solution soaked with black fungus to 90°C, maintain the temperature for 2.1 hours, and stir continuously during the process to ensure that the polysaccharides in the black fungus are fully dissolved in the water;

[0039] S3: Filtration: After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through four layers of gauze to remove the fungus residue and obtain a clear fungus extract;

[0040] S4: Concentration: The filtered extract is concentrated to 1 / 4 of its original volume by removing part of the water through low-temperature vacuum concentration. The concentration temperature is controlled at 50°C to reduce the destruction of heat-sensitive substances.

[0041] S5: Ethanol precipitation: slowly add 3.2 times the volume of ethanol to the concentrated liquid, stir evenly, and let stand for 24 hours. At this time, the Auricularia polysaccharide will precipitate in the ethanol;

[0042] S6: Centrifugal separation: Separate the precipitate by centrifugation at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate, and remove the supernatant;

[0043] S7: washing and drying the precipitate: washing the precipitate with cold ethanol for 4 times to remove impurities in the ethanol, filtering the washed precipitate with gauze to remove the ethanol, placing the washed precipitate in a vacuum drying oven, controlling the temperature at 40°C, and drying to constant weight to obtain auricularia auricula polysaccharide dry powder;

[0044] S8: Detection and storage: The content of the fungus polysaccharide is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or sugar content determination method (such as phenol-sulfuric acid method). The dried fungus polysaccharide is stored in a dry and cool place, avoiding direct sunlight to maintain its biological activity.

[0045] Embodiment 3: A method for extracting fungus polysaccharide from fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0046] S1: Washing and soaking raw materials: Select 700g of high-quality black fungus, rinse the black fungus thoroughly with clean water, soak the washed black fungus in clean water, add an appropriate amount of acid, control the pH at 4.0, soak for 40 minutes, ensure that the black fungus fully absorbs water and returns to its original shape, and cut into small pieces of about 0.4cm for subsequent extraction;

[0047] S2: Extraction solution ratio and heating extraction: Put the cut black fungus into the extraction container, add distilled water at a ratio of 1:15, heat the extract solution soaked in black fungus to 90°C, maintain the temperature for 2.2 hours, and stir continuously during the process to ensure that the polysaccharides in the black fungus are fully dissolved in the water;

[0048] S3: Filtration: After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through four layers of gauze to remove the fungus residue and obtain a clear fungus extract;

[0049] S4: Concentration: The filtered extract is concentrated to 1 / 4 of its original volume by removing part of the water through low-temperature vacuum concentration. The concentration temperature is controlled at 50°C to reduce the destruction of heat-sensitive substances.

[0050] S5: Ethanol precipitation: slowly add 3.4 times the volume of ethanol to the concentrated liquid, stir evenly, and let stand for 24 hours. At this time, the fungus polysaccharide will precipitate in the ethanol;

[0051] S6: Centrifugal separation: Separate the precipitate by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate, and remove the supernatant;

[0052] S7: washing and drying the precipitate: washing the precipitate with cold ethanol for 5 times to remove impurities in the ethanol, filtering the washed precipitate with gauze to remove the ethanol, placing the washed precipitate in a vacuum drying oven, controlling the temperature at 40°C, and drying to constant weight to obtain auricularia auricula polysaccharide dry powder;

[0053] S8: Detection and storage: The content of the fungus polysaccharide is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or sugar content determination method (such as phenol-sulfuric acid method). The dried fungus polysaccharide is stored in a dry and cool place, avoiding direct sunlight to maintain its biological activity.

[0054] Embodiment 4: A method for extracting fungus polysaccharide from fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0055] S1: Washing and soaking raw materials: Select 800g of high-quality black fungus, rinse the black fungus thoroughly with clean water, soak the washed black fungus in clean water, add an appropriate amount of acid, control the pH at 4.0, soak for 45 minutes, ensure that the black fungus fully absorbs water and returns to its original shape, and cut into small pieces of about 0.4cm for subsequent extraction;

[0056] S2: Extraction solution ratio and heating extraction: Put the cut black fungus into the extraction container, add distilled water at a ratio of 1:15, heat the extract solution soaked with black fungus to 90°C, and maintain the temperature for 2.3 hours, stirring continuously during the process to ensure that the polysaccharides in the black fungus are fully dissolved in the water;

[0057] S3: Filtration: After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through four layers of gauze to remove the fungus residue and obtain a clear fungus extract;

[0058] S4: Concentration: The filtered extract is concentrated to 1 / 4 of its original volume by removing part of the water through low-temperature vacuum concentration. The concentration temperature is controlled at 50°C to reduce the destruction of heat-sensitive substances.

[0059] S5: Ethanol precipitation: slowly add 3.6 times the volume of ethanol to the concentrated liquid, stir evenly, and let stand for 24 hours. At this time, the Auricularia polysaccharide will precipitate in the ethanol;

[0060] S6: Centrifugal separation: Separate the precipitate by centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate, and remove the supernatant;

[0061] S7: washing and drying the precipitate: washing the precipitate with cold ethanol for 6 times to remove impurities in the ethanol, filtering the washed precipitate with gauze to remove the ethanol, placing the washed precipitate in a vacuum drying oven, controlling the temperature at 40°C, and drying to constant weight to obtain auricularia auricula polysaccharide dry powder;

[0062] S8: Detection and storage: The content of the fungus polysaccharide is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or sugar content determination method (such as phenol-sulfuric acid method). The dried fungus polysaccharide is stored in a dry and cool place, avoiding direct sunlight to maintain its biological activity.

[0063] Embodiment 5: A method for extracting fungus polysaccharide from fungus, comprising the following steps:

[0064] S1: Washing and soaking raw materials: Select 900g of high-quality black fungus, rinse the black fungus thoroughly with clean water, soak the washed black fungus in clean water, add an appropriate amount of acid, control the pH at 4.0, soak for 50 minutes, ensure that the black fungus fully absorbs water and returns to its original shape, and cut into small pieces of about 0.4cm for subsequent extraction;

[0065] S2: Extraction solution ratio and heating extraction: Put the cut black fungus into the extraction container, add distilled water at a ratio of 1:15, heat the extract solution soaked with black fungus to 90°C, maintain the temperature for 2.4 hours, and stir continuously during the process to ensure that the polysaccharides in the black fungus are fully dissolved in the water;

[0066] S3: Filtration: After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through four layers of gauze to remove the fungus residue and obtain a clear fungus extract;

[0067] S4: Concentration: The filtered extract is concentrated to 1 / 4 of its original volume by removing part of the water through low-temperature vacuum concentration. The concentration temperature is controlled at 50°C to reduce the destruction of heat-sensitive substances.

[0068] S5: Ethanol precipitation: slowly add 3.8 times the volume of ethanol to the concentrated liquid, stir evenly, and let stand for 24 hours. At this time, the Auricularia polysaccharide will precipitate in the ethanol;

[0069] S6: Centrifugal separation: Separate the precipitate by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate, and remove the supernatant;

[0070] S7: washing and drying the precipitate: washing the precipitate with cold ethanol for 7 times to remove impurities in the ethanol, filtering the washed precipitate with gauze to remove the ethanol, placing the washed precipitate in a vacuum drying oven, controlling the temperature at 40°C, and drying to constant weight to obtain auricularia auricula polysaccharide dry powder;

[0071] S8: Detection and storage: The content of the fungus polysaccharide is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or sugar content determination method (such as phenol-sulfuric acid method). The dried fungus polysaccharide is stored in a dry and cool place, avoiding direct sunlight to maintain its biological activity.

[0072] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0073] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for extracting fungus polysaccharides from fungus, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Washing and soaking raw materials: select 500g-900g of high-quality black fungus, rinse the black fungus thoroughly with clean water, soak the washed black fungus in clean water, add appropriate amount of acid, and control the pH at 4.0 to ensure that the black fungus fully absorbs water and returns to its original state; S2: Extraction liquid ratio and heating extraction: put the cut black fungus into the extraction container, add distilled water at a ratio of 1:15, heat the extract liquid soaked with black fungus to 90°C, and stir continuously to ensure that the polysaccharide in the black fungus is fully dissolved in the water; S3: Filtration: After the extraction is completed, the extract is filtered through four layers of gauze to remove the fungus residue and obtain a clear fungus extract; S4: Concentration: The filtered extract is concentrated by low-temperature vacuum concentration to remove part of the water; S5: Ethanol precipitation: slowly add 3-3.8 times the volume of ethanol to the concentrated liquid, stir evenly, and let stand for 24 hours. At this time, the Auricularia polysaccharide will precipitate in the ethanol; S6: Centrifugal separation: Separate the precipitate by centrifugation for 10 minutes, collect the precipitate, and remove the supernatant; S7: washing and drying the precipitate: washing the precipitate with cold ethanol to remove impurities in the ethanol, filtering the washed precipitate with gauze to remove the ethanol, placing the washed precipitate in a vacuum drying oven, and drying to constant weight to obtain auricularia auricularia polysaccharide dry powder; S8: Detection and storage: The content of the fungus polysaccharide is determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry or sugar content determination method (such as phenol-sulfuric acid method). The dried fungus polysaccharide is stored in a dry and cool place, avoiding direct sunlight to maintain its biological activity.

2. The method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the soaking time is 30 minutes to 50 minutes, and the meat is cut into small pieces of about 0.4 cm.

3. The method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the extract is heated to 90°C and maintained at this temperature for 2-2.4 hours.

4. The method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S4, the volume is concentrated to 1 / 4 of the original volume by low-temperature vacuum concentration, and the concentration temperature is controlled at 50°C.

5. The method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S6, the centrifugation condition is 3000 rpm-5000 rpm, and the centrifugation is for 10 minutes.

6. The method for extracting auricularia auricula polysaccharide from auricularia auricula according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S7, the mixture is washed with cold ethanol for 3-7 times, and the temperature of the vacuum drying oven is controlled at 40°C.