Steerable high-pressure water jet device and cutterhead for assisting TBM in rock breaking and de-trapping

Abstract

The invention discloses a steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) in rock breaking and escaping, and provides a TBM cutterhead adopting the steerable high-pressure water jet device. The invention discloses a steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting a TBM in rock breaking and escaping. The steerable high-pressure water jet device comprises a driving device, a steering device, a clamping device, a box body and a box cover. The driving device, the steering device and the clamping device are fixedly connected with the box body, and the box cover is connected to the top of the box body. The driving device comprises a gear motor fixed on the box body; the steering device comprises a worm gear, a worm, two tapered roller bearings and a rotating shaft; the worm is connected with the gear motor through a key; the worm gear is meshed with the worm; the rotating shaft is connected with the worm gear through a key, and the two tapered roller bearings are arranged at the two ends of the rotating shaft respectively. The clamping device comprises a clamping plate, a high-pressure water gun and a high-pressure water pipe; the clamping plate is connected to the rotating shaft, the high-pressure water gun penetrates through the clamping plate from bottom to top and is fixed to the clamping plate, and the high-pressure water pipe is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of TBM full-face tunneling machines, and in particular relates to a steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM in breaking rocks and getting out of trouble. Background Art

[0002] As a large-scale mechanical equipment in tunnel engineering, full-face tunnel boring machine (TBM) has the advantages of fast excavation speed, environmental protection, and high comprehensive benefits. It has now been widely used in railway, hydropower, highway and other tunnel projects. In recent years, the research and development of TBM in my country has developed rapidly. At present, the excavation of TBM is mainly carried out through the action of the cutter and the hard rock of the face. The rolling of the cutterhead drives the cutter to roll on the face. Under the combined action of rolling force, normal force and lateral force, the cutter causes radial cracks in the hard rock and extends, thereby crushing the hard rock to achieve excavation.

[0003] However, when TBM encounters high-hardness rock, a series of problems will arise, such as low rock breaking efficiency, high cutter consumption, and slow construction progress. At the same time, during the rock breaking process of the TBM cutter, if the rock breaking is unfavorable, the broken hard rock can easily block the cutter, which requires the TBM to escape, but relying solely on the TBM's own escape efficiency is extremely low and can easily cause safety accidents. In the existing scheme, the invention patent -2021116462335.4-a water jet-assisted forming of a special-section cutter disc, a tunnel boring machine and a method, this patent does not deploy the water jet mechanism on the disc, but only sets a water jet mechanism on the shield body, and sets a water jet in the external area of ​​the cutter disc. In this way, the high-pressure water flow sprayed is too far away from the cutter, and the auxiliary rock breaking effect is not ideal, and it does not have the function of assisting escape. Invention Patent-202211720008.6-A method for the escape of a double-shield TBM in a surrounding rock convergence and deformation jam. It does not use a water jet-assisted method to assist in the escape, but instead uses a method of excavating a horizontal guide tunnel to escape. Compared with the water jet-assisted escape, the risk factor is higher. Invention Patent-201911025316.5-High-pressure water jet edge cutter and its combined rock-breaking and escape TBM cutterhead and method, which realizes the deployment of the water jet device on the TBM cutterhead, but can only spray water in a fixed direction, and the flexibility is poor. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a device that can both assist the TBM in rock breaking, improve rock breaking efficiency, protect the cutter, and help the TBM escape.

[0004] High-pressure water jets have the advantages of safety, efficiency, and environmental protection when impacting high-hardness targets, so using high-pressure water jets to assist in rock breaking is a feasible method. In the currently disclosed patents, the concept of water jet rock breaking has been proposed, but there is no reasonable solution for how to deploy water jet injection devices on the TBM cutterhead and how to use water jets to assist the TBM in getting out of trouble. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, provides a steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape, and provides a TBM cutterhead using such a steerable high-pressure water jet device. The present invention can provide a high-pressure water jet in the excavation direction to assist in rock breaking during normal excavation of the TBM, thereby improving rock breaking efficiency and protecting the cutter; when the TBM needs to escape, the jet pipe is turned to a certain angle to provide a high-pressure water jet in the direction of the cutter to assist in breaking the hard rock that hinders the rolling of the cutter, thereby achieving assisted escape and improving escape efficiency while ensuring safety. The technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0006] A steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape, comprising a water jet spray box 1, wherein the water jet spray box 1 comprises a driving device 101, a steering device 102, a clamping device 103, a box body 104 and a box cover 105; the driving device 101, the steering device 102, the clamping device 103 are respectively fixedly connected to the box body 104, and the box cover 105 is connected to the top of the box body 104;

[0007] The driving device 101 includes a reduction motor 1011 fixed on the box body 104;

[0008] The steering device 102 includes a worm wheel 1021, a worm 1022, two tapered roller bearings 1025 and a rotating shaft (1027;

[0009] The worm 1022 is connected to the reduction motor 1011 via a key; the worm wheel 1021 is meshedly connected to the worm 1022;

[0010] The rotating shaft 1027 is connected to the worm gear 1021 via a key, and the two tapered roller bearings 1025 are respectively disposed at both ends of the rotating shaft 1027;

[0011] The clamping device 103 includes a clamping plate 1031, a high-pressure water gun 1032, and a high-pressure water pipe 1033; the clamping plate 1031 is connected to the rotating shaft 1027, the high-pressure water gun 1032 passes through the clamping plate 1031 from bottom to top and is fixed on the clamping plate 1031, and the high-pressure water pipe 1033 is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun 1032;

[0012] The box cover 105 is provided with a spray port 1051 corresponding to the high-pressure water gun 1032 .

[0013] Further: the steering device 102 also includes an L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and a worm fixing plate 1024 fixedly connected to the box body 104, the L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024 are respectively provided with holes allowing the worm 1022 to pass through, and the worm wheel 1021 is meshingly connected with the worm 1022 supported by the L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024.

[0014] Further: the steering device 102 also includes a cover plate 1028, two tapered roller bearings 1025, one connected to the box body 104, and the other connected to the cover plate 1028; the cover plate 1028 is provided with a hole allowing the rotating shaft 1027 to pass through, and is fixedly connected to the box body 104, and the clamping plate 1031 is connected to the part of the rotating shaft 1027 passing through the cover plate.

[0015] Furthermore, sleeves 1026 for axial fixation are respectively provided at both ends of the worm gear 1021 .

[0016] Furthermore: the high-pressure water gun 1032 passes through the hole of the clamping plate 1031 from bottom to top and is fixed on the clamping plate 1031 by tightening the screw 1034 and the tightening nut 1035.

[0017] Furthermore: the injection port 1051 is in an upwardly arched shape.

[0018] Furthermore: the bottom of the box 104 has a hollow design to accommodate the activity space of the high-pressure water pipe 1033; one side of the box 104 has a cylindrical protrusion to place the rotating shaft 1027 and the tapered roller bearing 1025.

[0019] The present invention also provides a TBM cutterhead using the steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape, comprising a cutterhead body and a TBM cutter box embedded and installed on the cutterhead body. The installation position of the water jet spray box is determined according to the excavation and rotation direction of the TBM cutterhead, and the water jet spray box is embedded and installed on the front side of the TBM cutter box.

[0020] Furthermore, during normal excavation, the reduction motor does not work, and the default position of the high-pressure water pipe is perpendicular to the tunnel face, that is, it sprays high-pressure water straight ahead to assist in rock breaking; when the TBM cutterhead is blocked by broken rock and needs to be freed, the reduction motor starts working, driving the worm gear to rotate, and the rotation of the worm gear drives the rotating shaft to rotate a fixed angle.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention aims at the existing problems of how to deploy the water jet device on the TBM cutterhead and how to use the water jet device to assist the TBM in getting out of trouble, fully considers the existing TBM cutterhead and water jet device, combines safety, practicality, high efficiency and reliability, and designs a steerable high-pressure water jet device to assist the TBM in breaking rocks and getting out of trouble. The present invention deploys the water jet device and the cutter box together on the TBM cutterhead, which can improve the efficiency of TBM excavation, protect the cutter and provide auxiliary effects when the TBM is getting out of trouble, thereby improving the efficiency of getting out of trouble. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1This is an overall schematic diagram of the TBM cutterhead.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the water jet spray box and the driving device.

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the steering device in the water jet spray box.

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the steering device in the water jet spray box in the box.

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the clamping device in the water jet spray box.

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of TBM tool box.

[0028] In the figure: 1- water jet spray box, 2- TBM tool box, 3- TBM cutter head, 101- driving device, 102- steering device, 103- clamping device, 104- box body, 105- box cover, 1011- reduction motor, 1012- support plate, 1021- worm gear, 1022- worm, 1023- L-shaped fixing plate, 1024- worm fixing plate, 1025- tapered roller bearing, 1026- sleeve, 1027- rotating shaft, 1028- cover plate, 1029-end cover, 1031-clamping plate, 1032-high-pressure water gun, 1033-high-pressure water pipe, 1034-tightening screw, 1035-tightening nut, 1036-fixing bolt, 1037-fixing nut, 201-knife box shell, 202-connecting plate, 203-single-edge hob, 204-fixing block, 205-pressing block, 206-pressing screw, 207-nut, 208-locking block, 104-cover screw hole, 1051-injection port DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0030] The steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape from distress of the present invention is shown in Figure 1 It includes a water jet spray box 1, a TBM tool box 2 and a TBM cutter disc 3; the water jet spray box 1 and the TBM tool box 2 are embedded and installed on the TBM cutter disc 3; the water jet spray box 1 includes a driving device 101, a steering device 102, a clamping device 103, a box body 104 and a box cover 105; the driving device 101, the steering device 102, and the clamping device 103 are respectively fixedly connected to the box body 104, and the box cover 105 is installed on the top of the box body 104; the driving device 101 includes a reduction motor 1011 and a motor support plate 1012; the reduction motor 1011 is fixed to the motor support plate 1012 by bolts, and the motor support plate is fixed to the box body 104 by screws;

[0031] The steering device 102 includes a worm wheel 1021, a worm 1022, an L-shaped fixing plate 1023, a worm fixing plate 1024, two tapered roller bearings 1025, two sleeves 1026, a rotating shaft (1027), a cover plate 1028 and an end cover 1029; the worm 1022 is connected to the reduction motor 1011 by a key, and the worm 1022 passes through the holes of the L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024 respectively to play a supporting role, the L-shaped fixing plate 1023 and the worm fixing plate 1024 are respectively fixed to the box body 104 by screws, the worm wheel 1021 is meshed with the worm 1022, and the rotating shaft 1027 is connected to the worm wheel 1021 by a key.

[0032] Two tapered roller bearings 1025 are respectively mounted at both ends of the rotating shaft 1027, and two sleeves 1026 are respectively mounted at both ends of the worm gear 1021 to fix it axially. Figure 4 As shown, two tapered roller bearings 1025, one of which is connected to the side wall of the box body 104, and a cover plate screw hole 1041 is opened on the same side wall, and a cover plate 1028 (in order to clearly express the internal structure, Figure 4 This cover plate is not shown) is fixed to the screw hole 1041 of the cover plate of the box body 104 by screws, and there is a hole in the center through which the rotating shaft 1027 is passed and another tapered roller bearing 1025 is installed. The end cover 1029 is fixed to the cover plate 1028 by screws;

[0033] The clamping device 103 includes a clamping plate 1031, a high-pressure water gun 1032, a high-pressure water pipe 1033, a tightening screw 1034, a tightening nut 1035, a fixing bolt 1036 and a fixing nut 1037; the clamping plate 1031 is installed on the rotating shaft 1027 through the fixing bolt 1036 and the fixing nut 1037, the high-pressure water gun 1032 passes through the circular hole of the clamping plate 1031 from bottom to top and is stably fixed on the clamping plate 1031 by tightening the screw 1034 and the tightening nut 1035, and the high-pressure water pipe 1033 is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun 1032.

[0034] Furthermore, the bottom of the box 104 has a hollow design to accommodate the activity space of the high-pressure water pipe 1033, and one side of the box 104 has a cylindrical protrusion to place the rotating shaft 1027 and the tapered roller bearing 1025.

[0035] Furthermore, the box cover 105 is provided with a jet port 1051 , and the jet port is in an upwardly arched shape, which can reduce rock debris from falling into the water jet spray box 1 .

[0036] The TBM tool box 2 includes a tool box housing 201, a connecting plate 202, a single-edged hob 203, a fixing block 204, a clamping block 205, a clamping screw 206, a nut 207, and a locking block 208; the connecting plate 202 is connected to the tool box housing 201, the single-edged hob 203 is installed inside the tool box housing 201, the fixing block 204 is installed on one side inside the tool box housing 201, the clamping block 205 is installed on the other side inside the tool box housing 201, the clamping screw 206 passes through the holes of the clamping block 205 and the locking block 208 and cooperates with the nut 207, and the locking block 208 is installed at the bottom of the tool box housing 201.

[0037] Furthermore, the fixing block and the pressing block fix the single-edged hob together.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the water jet spray box 1 and the TBM cutter box 2 are installed clockwise in the middle area of ​​the TBM cutter head, and the edge cutter area and the center cutter area are not involved. This is mainly due to the spatial distribution of the TBM cutter head 3. The edge and center cutter areas are not conducive to the installation of the water jet spray box. When the TBM is advancing normally, the cutter head generally rotates clockwise. According to this rotation direction, the water jet spray box 1 is in front of the TBM cutter box 2, that is, when the single-edged cutter contacts the hard rock, the high-pressure water jet has already sprayed cracks in the hard rock, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown in ,3,4, the reduction motor is fixed to the motor support plate by bolts, and the motor support plate is fixed to the box body of the water jet spray box by screws.

[0040] During normal excavation, the reduction motor does not work, and the default position of the high-pressure water pipe is perpendicular to the tunnel face, that is, it sprays high-pressure water straight ahead to assist in rock breaking. When the TBM cutterhead 3 is blocked by rock fragments and needs to be freed, the reduction motor starts to work, driving the worm gear to rotate, and the rotation of the worm gear drives the rotating shaft to rotate a fixed angle, turning the high-pressure water jetting straight ahead into an oblique jet, so that the water jet is focused on the contact point between the disc cutter and the rock fragments to clear the blocked rock fragments.

[0041] like Figure 5 In the clamping device shown, when the worm drives the rotating shaft to rotate a certain angle, the clamping plate will also rotate a certain angle due to the fixed connection between the clamping plate and the rotating shaft. The high-pressure water gun is fixed in the clamping plate by tightening the screws and nuts. Driven by the clamping plate, the high-pressure water gun will also rotate a certain angle, and the high-pressure water jet will rush to the rock crushing area that blocks the rotation of the single-edge roller. Under the dual effects of the high-pressure water jet and the reverse rotation of the TBM cutterhead, the TBM is accelerated to escape, and the efficiency and safety of the escape are improved. By measuring the positional relationship between the high-pressure water gun nozzle and the single-edge roller, the angle that the rotating shaft needs to rotate can be calculated, and then the number of turns that the worm needs to rotate can be obtained, and finally controlled by the reduction motor.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the connecting plate connects and fixes the TBM cutter box shell, and the fixing block and the clamping block fix the single-edge roller. When the TBM is excavating, the single-edge roller contacts the hard rock of the tunnel face and breaks the rock under the combined action of rolling force, normal force, etc.

Claims

1. A steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM in rock breaking and escape, comprising a water jet spray box (1), characterized in that: The water jet spray box (1) comprises a driving device (101), a steering device (102), a clamping device (103), a box body (104) and a box cover (105); the driving device (101), the steering device (102) and the clamping device (103) are respectively fixedly connected to the box body (104), and the box cover (105) is connected to the top of the box body (104); The driving device (101) comprises a reduction motor (1011) fixed on a box body (104); The steering device (102) comprises a worm wheel (1021), a worm (1022), two tapered roller bearings (1025) and a rotating shaft (1027); The worm (1022) is connected to the reduction motor (1011) via a key; the worm wheel (1021) is meshingly connected to the worm (1022); The rotating shaft (1027) is connected to the worm gear (1021) via a key, and the two tapered roller bearings (1025) are respectively arranged at both ends of the rotating shaft (1027); The clamping device (103) comprises a clamping plate (1031), a high-pressure water gun (1032), and a high-pressure water pipe (1033); the clamping plate (1031) is connected to the rotating shaft (1027); the high-pressure water gun (1032) passes through the clamping plate (1031) from bottom to top and is fixed on the clamping plate (1031); and the high-pressure water pipe (1033) is connected to the lower end of the high-pressure water gun (1032); The box cover (105) is provided with a spray port (1051) corresponding to the high-pressure water gun (1032).

2. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering device (102) further comprises an L-shaped fixing plate (1023) and a worm fixing plate (1024) fixedly connected to the housing (104); the L-shaped fixing plate (1023) and the worm fixing plate (1024) are respectively provided with holes allowing the worm (1022) to pass through; and the worm wheel (1021) is meshingly connected with the worm (1022) supported by the L-shaped fixing plate (1023) and the worm fixing plate (1024).

3. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering device (102) further comprises a cover plate (1028), two tapered roller bearings (1025), one of which is connected to the housing (104) and the other is connected to the cover plate (1028); the cover plate (1028) is provided with a hole for allowing the rotating shaft (1027) to pass through, and is fixedly connected to the housing (104); the clamping plate (1031) is connected to the portion of the rotating shaft (1027) passing through the cover plate.

4. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sleeves (1026) for axial fixation are respectively arranged at both ends of the worm wheel (1021).

5. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure water gun (1032) passes through the hole of the clamping plate (1031) from bottom to top, and the high-pressure water gun (1032) is fixed on the clamping plate (1031) by tightening the screw (1034) and the tightening nut (1035).

6. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injection port (1051) is in an upwardly arched shape.

7. The steerable high-pressure water jet device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the box (104) has a hollow design for accommodating the activity space of the high-pressure water pipe (1033); one side of the box (104) has a cylindrical protrusion for accommodating the rotating shaft (1027) and the tapered roller bearing (1025).

8. A TBM cutterhead using the steerable high-pressure water jet device for assisting TBM rock breaking and escape according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a cutterhead body and a TBM cutter box embedded in the cutterhead body, characterized in that: The installation position of the water jet spray box is determined according to the excavation and rotation direction of the TBM cutter head. The water jet spray box is embedded and installed on the front side of the TBM cutter box.

9. The TBM cutterhead according to claim 8, characterized in that: During normal excavation, the reduction motor does not work and the default position of the high-pressure water pipe is perpendicular to the tunnel face, that is, it sprays high-pressure water straight ahead to assist in rock breaking; when the TBM cutterhead is blocked by broken rock and needs to be freed, the reduction motor starts working, driving the worm gear to rotate, and the rotation of the worm gear drives the rotating shaft to rotate a fixed angle.

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