Construction period ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction period ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system and a control method, and belongs to the technical field of mineral engineering and ventilation. Sealing doors are mounted at the joints of the ingate with different depths in the vertical shaft and the shaft wall, so that a temporary relay air bin is formed in the space in the ingate and the cross-cut; fans are uniformly distributed on the earth surface and in each temporary relay air bin, and the fans arranged on the earth surface are sequentially connected with the spaces in the temporary relay air bins at different horizontal heights through air pipes to form a chain type transmission structure until the air pipe connected with the fan in the temporary relay air bin at the lowermost part of the vertical shaft is communicated with the shaft bottom; ground air is sequentially fed into the temporary relay air bins which are connected in series from the draught fans arranged on the ground surface, and finally is fed into the working face of the well bottom through the temporary relay air bin closest to the working face. According to the system, the conveying resistance is effectively reduced, the air pressure of each fan is constant, fresh air is rapidly and stably conveyed to a working face, and the safety of mine operation is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of mining engineering and ventilation technology. Specifically, it belongs to a hierarchical ventilation system and control method for ultra-deep vertical shafts during construction. Background technology

[0002] During the excavation of coal mine shafts, ventilation is crucial to ensure the safety of workers and improve work efficiency. In the existing technology, fans are responsible for delivering fresh air to the working face. However, due to the large depth of some mines, some of which can reach 2000m, there is a serious loss of wind pressure and insufficient air volume during the air supply process, which affects the safety of the working environment. In addition, the design of traditional air supply systems cannot effectively cope with the challenges brought by such long-distance transportation. Therefore, a new ventilation solution is urgently needed to improve the effect of long-distance air supply in ultra-deep vertical shafts of coal mines.

[0003] The prior art with publication number CN202020151211.6 discloses a segmented ventilation system for an ultra-long tunnel, whose structure is: including a right tunnel exhaust horizontal tunnel, a right tunnel air supply horizontal tunnel, a left tunnel exhaust horizontal tunnel and a left tunnel air supply horizontal tunnel; each ventilation horizontal tunnel is connected to the ground surface respectively, and does not intersect with each other, and only has an intersection with the main tunnel. The lateral air supply distance is short, thereby reducing the air supply resistance of the underground tunnel. When ventilating an ultra-deep vertical shaft, the longitudinal ventilation difficulty is still relatively large. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, a method for graded ventilation and control of ultra-deep shafts during construction is provided. The space at the shaft horse head door can be used as a temporary relay wind bin to achieve relay air supply. It has a simple structure and is easy to use.

[0005] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention discloses a graded ventilation system for an ultra-deep vertical shaft during the construction period, wherein sealed doors are installed at the connections between horse head doors and shaft walls at different depths in the shaft, so that temporary relay air bins are formed inside the horse head doors and stone doors; fans are arranged on the ground surface and in each temporary relay air bin, and the fans arranged on the ground surface are sequentially connected to the spaces in temporary relay air bins at different horizontal heights through air ducts to form a chain transmission structure, until the air duct connected to the fan in the temporary relay air bin at the bottom of the shaft is connected to the bottom of the shaft; ground wind is sequentially sent from the fans arranged on the ground surface into the temporary relay air bins connected in series, and finally sent to the working surface at the bottom of the shaft through the temporary relay air bin closest to the working surface.

[0006] Furthermore, the air duct is extended and connected by flanges and bolts, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, each temporary relay wind bin is provided with a static pressure box and an environmental monitoring and control device for introducing wind flow therein and stabilizing wind pressure. The fan is connected to the environmental monitoring and control device and is controlled by the environmental monitoring and control device.

[0008] Furthermore, the static pressure box is hoisted in the temporary relay air silo, and multiple supports are provided on the top of the static pressure box. The supports are connected to the top plate of the temporary relay air silo through steel wire ropes, and each support is connected to the steel wire rope through a pulley set. The temporary relay air silo environment monitoring and control device includes an electronic pressure gauge and a computer. The electronic pressure gauge transmits a pressure signal to the computer, and the computer judges the pressure signal and feeds it back to the automatic control fan to control the speed. The signal is transmitted by a signal line.

[0009] Furthermore, the fan is a variable frequency fan, and the environmental monitoring and control device is connected to the fan through a signal line. The internal circuit of the fan controls the rotation speed according to the signal of the environmental monitoring and control device, and accelerates or slows down the discharge of airflow by increasing or decreasing the rotation speed to maintain a constant pressure in the temporary relay air bin.

[0010] Furthermore, according to the air volume requirements and the shaft structure, the existing horse head doors built on the left and right sides of the shaft are transformed into temporary relay wind bins to form two parallel chain structures for supplying air to the bottom of the shaft, thereby realizing double air duct air supply.

[0011] Furthermore, when there are multiple horse head doors at the same horizontal height in the vertical shaft, the multiple horse head doors at the same horizontal height are transformed into temporary relay air bins. At the same time, the multiple temporary relay air bins at the same horizontal height are connected in series through horizontally arranged air ducts for longitudinal graded ventilation. The fans installed in the temporary relay air bins only need to overcome the flow resistance brought by the horizontally arranged short air ducts.

[0012] Furthermore, the sealed door is a rolling door that can be opened and closed by remote control, and the edge of the rolling door is sealed as needed.

[0013] A control method for a graded ventilation system for an ultra-deep shaft during construction, the specific steps are as follows:

[0014] S1. With the construction of the vertical shaft, after the horse head door and the inner space of the stone door are constructed in the vertical shaft, waterproof composite materials are used to provide secondary support for the horse head door and the inner space of the stone door to form a temporary relay wind warehouse. When it is necessary to ventilate a deeper area, a closing device is used to temporarily close the shaft of the horse head door and the inner space of the stone door to form a temporary relay wind warehouse space;

[0015] S2. Fans are installed on the surface, and fans, static pressure boxes and environmental monitoring and control devices are arranged in the first-level temporary relay air bin, and air ducts are led from the first-level temporary relay air bin to the working face;

[0016] S3. Use the fan installed on the ground surface to press the fresh air flow from the ground into the first-stage temporary relay air bin for temporary storage; use the environmental monitoring and control device to monitor the pressure value of the first-stage temporary relay air bin and compare it with the preset value, and send a judgment signal when the pressure value exceeds the preset value;

[0017] S4. According to the current judgment signal, the fan in the first-stage temporary relay air bin is controlled to start, and the fresh air in the first-stage temporary relay air bin is transported into the working face;

[0018] S5. As the shaft is constructed, S3 and S4 are circulated to send fresh air into temporary relay air bins at different heights through air ducts in turn, and finally into the working surface at the bottom of the shaft, so as to realize graded air supply during the construction of ultra-deep shafts. The fresh air flow transmitted to the bottom of the shaft by temporary relay air bins linked at all levels will dilute the polluted air at the bottom, and the polluted air at the bottom will be discharged to the ground along the shaft.

[0019] Furthermore, the environmental monitoring and control device is used to monitor the pressure value of the temporary relay air bin. If the pressure value exceeds the outdoor environmental pressure value, the fan is controlled to increase the speed to speed up the gas discharge. Otherwise, the speed is reduced to maintain the current temporary relay air bin pressure constant.

[0020] Compared with the existing related technologies, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. This system has a wide range of applications and can be used for deep shaft ventilation in different situations to ensure that the working face always has a stable and fresh air flow.

[0022] 2. This system delivers fresh air to the working face in a segmented manner, effectively improving the air quality in the mine and providing a fresher and healthier working environment. This will help protect the health of miners and solve the problem of difficult ventilation on the working face caused by large resistance losses due to long-distance air supply.

[0023] 3. This system uses the space of the horse head door as a temporary wind chamber, which can efficiently utilize the space, improve the mining working environment, and enhance work safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the vertical shaft and the temporary relay wind bin in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air duct connection method in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the static pressure box hoisting in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a waterproof material in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a rolling shutter door in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the environment monitoring and control device and its operation in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] In the figure: 1-shaft, 2-temporary relay air bin, 3-fan, 4-air duct, 5-static pressure box, 6-environmental monitoring and control device, 7-rolling door, 8-waterproof material; 401 flange, 402-bolt, 501-wire rope, 502-pulley block; 503-support, 601-electronic pressure gauge, 602-computer, 603-signal line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a long-distance graded ventilation system for an ultra-deep vertical shaft under construction includes a vertical shaft 1, a temporary relay wind silo 2, a fan 3, an air duct 4, a static pressure box 5, an environmental monitoring and control device 6, a rolling door 7 and a waterproof material 8. If double duct ventilation is adopted, a temporary relay wind silo can be arranged at a symmetrical position.

[0033] A method for graded ventilation and control of ultra-deep shafts during construction, comprising a temporary relay wind bin established by utilizing the shaft horse head door space, a temporary relay wind bin environment monitoring and control device being provided in the temporary relay wind bin, the temporary relay wind bin being supported by waterproof materials, and having temporary enclosure materials at the connection with the shaft, the air duct entering from the top of the temporary relay wind bin and being connected to a static pressure box and a fan, and the fan outlet being connected to the air duct. The temporary relay wind bins can be arranged symmetrically, and in the case of double duct air supply, the corresponding temporary relay wind bins can be used for relay air supply.

[0034] The air duct is made of several short fiberglass ducts connected by flanges. The diameter of the air duct is determined according to the required air flow of the working surface. The fiberglass duct for air inlet is connected to the temporary relay air bin through a 90° elbow.

[0035] The static pressure box 5 is made of galvanized steel plate and is hoisted above the temporary relay wind bin 2 to reduce the dynamic pressure of the incoming wind, increase the static pressure, stabilize the airflow and reduce vibration. The static pressure box 4 is hoisted on the upper part of the temporary relay wind bin by a steel wire rope.

[0036] Fan 3 is a local ventilation fan for mines, which has the function of receiving signals and a PLC automatic control system.

[0037] The FRP air duct for air outlet is also made of several shorter FRP air ducts connected by flanges, and a 90° elbow is used for temporary relay air bin connection.

[0038] The temporary relay wind warehouse set up using the horse head door space needs to be supported with waterproof materials inside, and a temporary rolling door is set at the entrance of the temporary relay wind warehouse. A pressure monitoring system is set inside the temporary relay wind warehouse to monitor the indoor pressure. After the temporary relay wind warehouse space is built, anchor spraying support is provided in the area, and a polyurethane-polyurea composite material with good flexibility and water resistance is sprayed as a waterproof layer to prevent water seepage in the space. A temporary rolling door is set near the shaft to temporarily close the space.

[0039] The air duct 4 is attached to the cylinder wall through a bracket in the shaft 1. The temporary rolling shutter door is cut to reserve an air duct channel.

[0040] The temporary relay wind silo environment monitoring and control device is composed of an electronic pressure gauge, a signal transmission line, and a computer. It has the function of transmitting pressure signals to measure the relative pressure in the room in real time and convert it into a signal to transmit to the computer. The computer program determines whether the front signal is greater than (or less than) the preset value, and transmits the judgment result signal to the fan, and the speed is controlled by the automatic system.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, the air duct 4 is composed of several short air tubes connected by flanges 401 to extend the length of the air duct, and the flanges 401 are connected and reinforced by bolts 402.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the static pressure box 5 is made of a stainless steel plate, is hoisted from the top by a steel wire rope 501 and a pulley block 502, and is fixed by a support 503.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the waterproof material 8 is mainly composed of a polyurethane-polyurea composite material, which is sprayed on the supported foundation to waterproof the space.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, the rolling door 7 is cut out on the ordinary rolling door to reserve air duct space, and the lifting and lowering are electrically controlled.

[0045] like Figure 6 As shown, the temporary relay wind bin environment monitoring and control device 6 is integrated with an electronic pressure gauge 601, a computer 602 and a signal line 603. The electronic pressure gauge measures the indoor pressure and transmits the pressure signal to the computer for program judgment. The computer feeds the judgment result signal back to the fan for speed control to maintain the indoor pressure.

[0046] The temporary relay air bin space is provided with secondary waterproof support, and waterproof material 8 mainly composed of polyurethane and polyurea is sprayed. Then, the rolling shutter door 7 is lowered to temporarily seal the temporary relay air bin space. Fresh air flows from the ground through the air duct 4, through the rolling shutter door 7, into the temporary relay air bin, and enters the static pressure box 5 for noise reduction and vibration reduction. The pressure detection device 6 is responsible for monitoring and transmitting the pressure signal, that is, the electronic pressure gauge 601 monitors the real-time pressure in the room, and transmits the pressure signal to the computer through the signal line 603. The computer sets a judgment program and sends a signal to the computer at intervals. The feedback signal of fan 3 is adjusted according to the on-site situation, and can be 1-2 minutes. If the pressure value at this time is greater than the external environmental pressure, a control signal is transmitted to fan 3 to control the speed of fan 3 to increase to speed up the gas discharge. The control logic is: for every 10% increase in the pressure value, the fan speed is controlled to increase by 3.5%; similarly, if the pressure signal value fed back by the pressure gauge is less than the external environmental pressure, a control signal is transmitted to fan 3 to control the speed of fan 3 to decrease to slow down the gas discharge. The control logic is: when the pressure value decreases by 10%, the speed of fan 3 is controlled to decrease by 4%. In this way, the fresh air entering from above the ground flows into the temporary relay wind bin 2 for temporary storage, and is then drawn out to supply air to the working surface below. When double ducts are used for air supply, it is only necessary to arrange another temporary relay wind bin 2 at a symmetrical position, and use the same support method and automatic control method. Through this method, the vertical shaft is divided into sections, and the constructed horse head door space is used as a temporary relay wind bin to store and transfer the fresh air from the ground. In this graded ventilation mode, the fans only need to overcome the resistance of their relatively short wind ducts to transport the airflow to the working face, solving the problem of large pressure loss caused by the long wind ducts in the past when supplying air over long distances.

[0047] During operation, the space of the shaft horse head door is used as a temporary relay air bin 2, and the ground fan 3 supplies air to the working face below. A forced-in ventilation method is adopted, and fresh air enters the first temporary relay air bin 2 and is stored under the action of the ground fan 3. When the working face is excavated downward, the fan 3 in the temporary relay air bin 2 is turned on to supply air to the working face below. In shaft ventilation, taking single air duct air supply as an example, several temporary relay air bins 2 can be built according to the current excavation situation using the secondary support waterproofing material of the horse head door space, and the rolling shutter door 7 is used to temporarily close the space to form a temporary relay air bin 2, and several temporary relay air bins are used for longitudinal graded ventilation. At this time, the ground fan 3 is turned on and continues to supply air to the first temporary relay air bin 2. The electronic pressure gauge set in the temporary relay air bin 2 transmits the pressure signal to the computer through the signal line. The computer has a built-in judgment program to compare the front pressure signal with the external environment pressure to monitor the relative pressure value in the temporary relay air bin 2. When the fan input signal value is greater than 10% of the reference pressure, the computer outputs a signal and transmits a command through the signal line to control the fan 3 to increase the speed to increase the air suction volume. When the input signal value is negative and the absolute value is less than 10% of the reference pressure, the signal line transmits a command to control the fan 3 to reduce the speed and reduce the air suction volume to maintain a constant pressure in the temporary relay air bin 2, so that the temporary relay air bin 2 is always in a dynamic full air state. The wind flow supplemented by the ground to the first temporary relay wind bin 2 is transferred here and continues to be transmitted downward. When the wind flow reaches the second temporary relay wind bin 2, the same automatic control method and principle are used to continue to convey the wind flow to the working face below. In this mode, the wind flow of each temporary relay wind bin 2 is connected in series in stages to achieve relay air supply. The fans 3 between the temporary relay wind bins 2 only need to overcome the shorter air duct resistance between the temporary relay wind bins, which solves the problem of excessive ventilation resistance over long distances. When the mine is deep and requires a large amount of air, and double air ducts are required for air supply, the horse head door space can be symmetrically arranged as a temporary relay wind bin 2, and the fans 3 on both sides can use the corresponding temporary relay wind bins for relay air supply.

Claims

1. A hierarchical ventilation system for ultra-deep shafts during construction, characterized by: Sealed doors are installed at the connection points between the horse-head doors and the shaft wall at different depths in the shaft (1), so that the horse-head doors and the space inside the stone door form a temporary relay wind chamber (2); fans (3) are arranged on the ground surface and in each temporary relay wind chamber (2); the fans (3) arranged on the ground surface are sequentially connected to the spaces inside the temporary relay wind chambers (2) at different levels through air ducts (4) to form a chain transmission structure, until the air duct (4) connected to the fan (3) in the temporary relay wind chamber (2) at the bottom of the shaft (1) is connected to the shaft bottom; the ground wind is sequentially sent from the fans (3) arranged on the ground surface into the temporary relay wind chambers (2) connected in series, and finally sent to the working surface at the bottom of the shaft through the temporary relay wind chamber (2) closest to the working surface.

2. The ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The air duct (4) is extended and connected via a flange (401) and bolts (402), making it easy to disassemble and assemble.

3. The ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each temporary relay wind bin (2) is provided with a static pressure box (5) and an environmental monitoring and control device (6) for introducing wind flow therein and stabilizing wind pressure. The fan (3) is connected to the environmental monitoring and control device (6), and the fan (3) is controlled by the environmental monitoring and control device (6).

4. The ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The static pressure box (5) is hoisted in the temporary relay wind bin (2). A plurality of supports (503) are arranged on the top of the static pressure box (5). The supports (503) are respectively connected to the top plate of the temporary relay wind bin (2) via steel wire ropes (501). Each support (503) is connected to the steel wire rope (501) via a pulley block (502). The temporary relay wind bin environment monitoring and control device (6) includes an electronic pressure gauge (601) and a computer (602). The electronic pressure gauge (601) transmits a pressure signal to the computer (602). The computer (602) judges the pressure signal and feeds it back to the automatic control fan (3) to control the rotation speed. The signal is transmitted via a signal line (603).

5. The ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The fan (3) is a variable frequency fan. The environmental monitoring and control device (6) is connected to the fan (3) via a signal line (603). The internal circuit of the fan (3) controls the rotation speed according to the signal of the environmental monitoring and control device (6). The speed is increased or decreased to accelerate or slow down the discharge of the wind flow, so as to maintain a constant pressure in the temporary relay air bin (2).

6. The ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: According to the air volume requirement and the structure of the vertical shaft (1), the existing horse head doors built on the left and right sides of the vertical shaft (1) are transformed into temporary relay wind bins (2) to form two parallel chain structures for supplying air to the bottom of the shaft, thereby realizing double air duct air supply.

7. The ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: When there are multiple horse-head doors at the same level in the vertical shaft (1), the multiple horse-head doors at the same level are transformed into temporary relay air bins (2), and the multiple temporary relay air bins (2) at the same level are connected in series through horizontally arranged air ducts (4) to perform longitudinal graded ventilation, and the fan (3) arranged in the temporary relay air bin (2) only needs to overcome the flow resistance caused by the horizontally arranged short air duct.

8. The ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sealed door is a rolling door (7) that can be opened and closed by remote control, and the edge of the rolling door (7) is sealed as required.

9. A control method for the ultra-deep vertical shaft graded ventilation system during construction period using the method of claim 2, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. With the construction of the vertical shaft (1), after the space inside the horse head door is constructed in the vertical shaft (1), a waterproof composite material (8) is used to provide secondary support for the space inside the horse head door to form a temporary relay wind warehouse (2). When a deeper area needs to be ventilated, a closing device is used to temporarily close the shaft of the space inside the horse head door to form a temporary relay wind warehouse (2); S2, a fan (3) is installed on the ground surface, and a fan (3), a static pressure box (5) and an environmental monitoring and control device (6) are arranged in the constructed first-level temporary relay wind bin (2), and an air duct (4) is led out from the first-level temporary relay wind bin (2) to the working surface; S3, using a fan (3) installed on the ground surface to press fresh air flow from the ground into the first-stage temporary relay air bin (2) for temporary storage; using an environmental monitoring and control device (6) to monitor the pressure value of the first-stage temporary relay air bin (2), and compare it with a preset value, and when the pressure value exceeds the preset value, a judgment signal is issued; S4, according to the current judgment signal, controlling the fan (3) in the first-stage temporary relay air bin (2) to start, so as to transport the fresh air in the first-stage temporary relay air bin (2) into the working surface; S5. As the vertical shaft (1) is constructed, S3 and S4 are circulated, and fresh air is successively sent to temporary relay air bins (2) at different heights through the air ducts (4), and finally sent to the working surface at the bottom of the vertical shaft, so as to realize graded air supply during the construction of the ultra-deep vertical shaft. The fresh air flow transmitted to the bottom of the vertical shaft by the temporary relay air bins (2) linked at various levels dilutes the polluted air at the bottom, and the polluted air at the bottom is discharged to the ground along the vertical shaft (1).

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pressure value of the temporary relay air bin (2) is monitored by an environmental monitoring and control device (6). If the pressure value exceeds the outdoor environmental pressure value, the fan (3) is controlled to increase the rotation speed to speed up the gas discharge. Otherwise, the rotation speed is reduced to maintain the current pressure of the temporary relay air bin (2) constant.

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