Dedusting and purifying device and dedusting and purifying method

Abstract

The invention discloses a dedusting and purifying device and a dedusting and purifying method, the dedusting and purifying device is arranged on a drilling machine arm and / or an excavating arm and / or a slag conveying mechanism of an excavating and loading support operation trolley, and the dedusting and purifying device comprises a dedusting head which is respectively connected with a gas path and a water path; the filtering assembly is arranged on the gas path pipeline and is used for filtering dust; the first power mechanism is arranged on the gas path pipeline and is used for providing positive pressure or negative pressure so as to collect dust or blow air through the dust removal head; the second power mechanism is arranged on the waterway pipeline and is used for providing positive pressure so as to output water mist through the dust removal head; and the detection module is arranged on the digging and loading support operation trolley and is used for detecting harmful gas at a preset sampling point on the digging and loading support operation trolley and detecting the dust concentration at the preset sampling point on the digging and loading support operation trolley. The dust absorption efficiency is improved through the dust removal head under the synergistic effect of dust absorption and water mist, the dust absorbed by the air channel pipeline is filtered through the filtering assembly, and the dust removal device is suitable for an open environment and effectively controls dust raising.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction machinery, and in particular, to a dust removal and purification device. In addition, the present invention also relates to a dust removal and purification method comprising the above-mentioned dust removal and purification device. Background Art

[0002] The excavation and loading support operation trolley is a small-section tunnel operation trolley that integrates multiple functions such as earthwork excavation, slag transportation, drilling, grouting, arch erection, auxiliary spraying and mixing. It has two arms, a multifunctional arm and an excavation arm, which respectively realize drilling and excavation operations. There is a slag transportation mechanism between the two arms to transport slag. Excavation and loading support operation trolleys are often used in construction in tunnels with small diameters, poor ventilation and poor environment.

[0003] At present, there are still many problems in the construction process of the excavation and loading support trolley, mainly including the following two aspects:

[0004] 1. Dust treatment in tunnels: A lot of dust is generated during excavation, drilling and slag transportation, especially in narrow spaces. Due to space limitations, it is impossible to install ventilation equipment such as fans to remove the dust. Therefore, construction workers often need to wait for the dust to settle naturally before they can continue working, which takes a lot of time and seriously affects the construction progress.

[0005] 2. Gas problems in tunnels: Power tunnels often contain dust, CO (carbon monoxide), H2S (hydrogen sulfide), CH4 (methane) and other gases, which are not only harmful to the human body, but may also cause safety accidents such as explosions. At present, handheld harmful gas detection instruments are usually used for gas detection. However, this method of detecting gas has obvious defects: first, when harmful gases are detected, construction workers are often in danger, which brings great safety hazards to construction and operating personnel; second, the sampling point is single, and it is impossible to accurately predict whether the gas concentration has reached the alarm value. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a dust removal and purification device and a dust removal and purification method to solve the technical problems of poor ventilation, small space, difficulty in discharging dust and safety risks caused by the presence of harmful gases during the tunnel operation of the existing excavation and loading support operation trolley.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, a dust removal and purification device is provided, which is applied to an excavation and loading support operation trolley, and the dust removal and purification device is arranged on a drilling arm and / or an excavation arm and / or a slag transport mechanism of the excavation and loading support operation trolley, and the dust removal and purification device comprises:

[0008] The dust removal head is connected to the air pipeline and the water pipeline respectively;

[0009] A filter assembly, arranged in the gas pipeline, for filtering dust;

[0010] A first power mechanism is arranged in the air pipeline, and is used to provide positive pressure or negative pressure so as to suck dust or blow air through the dust removal head;

[0011] A second power mechanism is arranged in the water pipe, the water pipe is connected to a water source, and the second power mechanism is used to provide positive pressure and output water mist through the dust removal head;

[0012] The detection module is arranged on the excavating and loading support operation trolley, and is used to detect harmful gases at preset sampling points on the excavating and loading support operation trolley and detect dust concentration at preset sampling points on the excavating and loading support operation trolley.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the dust removal head installed on the drill rig arm is provided with a matching structure for cooperating with the drill rod of the drill rig arm so that the dust removal head can move along the axial direction of the drill rod, and the dust removal and purification device also includes a dust removal cover installed on the dust removal head corresponding to the position of the drill rig arm, and the dust removal cover is conical.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the dust hood includes a conical hood body and a support structure for supporting the hood body, the support structure includes an elastic support member, both ends of the elastic support member are respectively supported on the large end and the small end of the hood body, and a plurality of the elastic support members are evenly distributed along the circumference of the hood body; the support structure also includes an elastic support ring arranged at the large end of the hood body.

[0015] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the filter assembly includes a primary filter and a secondary filter and dust collection boxes respectively arranged corresponding to the primary filter and the secondary filter.

[0016] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the dust removal head includes a first universal tube and an air nozzle arranged at the end of the first universal tube, and the first universal tube is used to connect to the air pipeline. The dust removal head also includes a second universal tube and a nozzle arranged at the end of the second universal tube, and the second universal tube is used to connect to the water pipeline.

[0017] According to another aspect of the present invention, a dust removal and purification method is also provided, which is applied to the above-mentioned dust removal and purification device, and the dust removal and purification method comprises:

[0018] S1. Device startup;

[0019] S2. The detection module samples the dust concentration at the preset sampling point. If the dust concentration exceeds the preset value, the first power mechanism works forward to transport the gas to the filter assembly for filtration. The detection module samples the harmful gas concentration at the preset sampling point. If it exceeds the preset value, the first power mechanism works forward to transport the gas to the filter assembly for filtration. If the harmful gas concentration exceeds the safety threshold, an alarm signal is issued;

[0020] S3. The device is turned off.

[0021] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, step S1 also includes: the first power mechanism works in reverse for a preset time; step S3 also includes: the device is shut down after the first power mechanism works in reverse for a preset time.

[0022] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, step S2 further includes:

[0023] S21. Collect dust concentration data and harmful gas concentration data at each sampling point, perform Kalman filtering, and obtain estimated dust concentration values ​​and harmful gas concentration values;

[0024] S22. Compare the dust concentration value with the first preset limit value. If it exceeds the first preset limit value, start the first power mechanism and / or the second power mechanism; compare the harmful gas concentration value with the second preset limit value. If it exceeds the second preset limit value, start the first power mechanism and / or the second power mechanism.

[0025] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, step S21 includes:

[0026] S211. Parameter initialization, respectively set the initial state, initial error covariance, process noise covariance, observation noise covariance, state transfer matrix, control input matrix, observation matrix, control vector;

[0027] S212. Predicting the state at the next moment and the prediction error covariance based on the state at the previous moment;

[0028] S213. Correct the difference between the actual observed value and the predicted value obtained by the detection module at the current moment, update the state and update the error covariance;

[0029] S214. Repeat steps S212-S213.

[0030] As a further improvement of the above technical solution, step S212 includes: Predicted state, with formula P k|k-1 =AP k-1|k-1 A T +Q prediction error covariance, where is the initial state, A is the state transfer matrix, B is the control input matrix, uk is the control vector, P k-1|k-1 is the initial error covariance, Q is the process noise covariance;

[0031] Step S213 includes: k =P k|k-1 H T (HP k|k-1 H T +R) -1 Calculate the Kalman gain using the formula Update the status in the form P k|k =(IK k H)P k|k-1 Update error covariance, where H is the observation matrix, R is the observation noise covariance, and Z k Indicates the dust concentration value detected by the detection module.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The dust removal and purification device controls the gas and water circuits by setting a first power mechanism and a second power mechanism, and respectively sets dust removal heads connected to the power mechanisms on the drilling arm, the excavating arm and the slag transport mechanism. The dust removal heads improve the dust adsorption efficiency through the synergistic effect of dust suction and water mist, and the filter component filters the dust sucked into the gas pipeline. It is suitable for open environments and effectively controls dust. The dust removal head is detachably connected to the gas pipeline and the water pipeline, and can flexibly adjust the direction to cover a wider area. The detection module detects the dust concentration and the harmful gas concentration at multiple sampling points, and controls the start and stop of the first power mechanism and the second power mechanism based on this, so as to ensure the best working state, avoid resource consumption, and achieve energy saving and efficient dust removal. The device effectively improves the air quality in the tunnel, effectively controls the diffusion of dust, and greatly optimizes the working environment.

[0034] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the excavation and loading support operation trolley of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of the dust removal and purification device on the drilling rig arm part of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a simplified structural diagram of the dust removal and purification device on the digging arm part of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a simplified structural diagram of the slag transport mechanism of the dust removal and purification device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a dust removal head according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 The structure of the dust removal head of the drill arm part of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0042] Figure 7 The structure of the dust removal head of the drill arm part of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .

[0043] Legend:

[0044] 1. Drilling arm; 2. Excavating arm; 3. Slag transport mechanism; 4. First dust removal head; 5. Dust concentration detection sensor; 6. Primary filter; 7. Secondary filter; 8. Gas pipeline; 9. First power mechanism; 10. Second power mechanism; 11. Water pipeline; 12. Second dust removal head; 13. Gas detection sensor; 14. Third dust removal head; 15. First universal tube; 16. Matching structure; 17. Elastic support ring; 18. Cover body; 19. Elastic support member; 20. Second universal tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the dust removal and purification device of this embodiment is applied to the excavation and loading support operation trolley. The dust removal and purification device is arranged on the drilling arm 1 and / or the excavation arm 2 and / or the slag transport mechanism 3 of the excavation and loading support operation trolley. The dust removal and purification device includes:

[0047] The dust removal head is connected to the air pipeline 8 and the water pipeline 11 respectively;

[0048] A filter assembly is provided in the gas pipeline 8 and is used to filter dust;

[0049] The first power mechanism 9 is arranged in the air pipeline 8 and is used to provide positive pressure or negative pressure so as to suck dust or blow air through the dust removal head;

[0050] The second power mechanism 10 is arranged in the water pipe 11, the water pipe 11 is connected to a water source, and the second power mechanism 10 is used to provide positive pressure and output water mist through the dust removal head;

[0051] The detection module is arranged on the excavation and loading support operation trolley, and is used to detect harmful gases at preset sampling points on the excavation and loading support operation trolley and detect dust concentration at preset sampling points on the excavation and loading support operation trolley.

[0052] Among them, the first power mechanism 9 can be a vacuum pump, and the second power mechanism 10 can be a water pump. In a specific embodiment, a vacuum pump with a power of 2.4kW and a suction force of 99kPa and a water pump with a power of 0.15kW are selected; the detection module detects the concentration of particulate matter at the sampling point through the dust concentration detection sensor 5, and detects the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and / or carbon monoxide and / or methane and oxygen at the sampling point through the gas detection sensor 13; in a specific embodiment, a first dust removal head 4 is set on the drilling arm 1, a second dust removal head 12 is set on the excavation arm 2, and a third dust removal head 14 is set on the slag transport mechanism 3;

[0053] It can be understood that the dust removal and purification device controls the air and water circuits by setting up the first power mechanism 9 and the second power mechanism 10, and respectively sets dust removal heads connected to the power mechanisms on the drilling arm 1, the excavation arm 2 and the slag transport mechanism 3. The dust removal heads improve the dust adsorption efficiency through the synergistic effect of dust suction and water mist, and the filter component filters the dust sucked into the air pipeline 8. It is suitable for open environments and effectively controls dust. The dust removal head is detachably connected to the air pipeline 8 and the water pipeline 11, and can be flexibly adjusted in direction to cover a wider area. The dust concentration and harmful gas concentration are detected at multiple sampling points through the detection module, and the start and stop of the first power mechanism 9 and the second power mechanism 10 are controlled based on this to ensure the best working state, avoid resource consumption, and achieve energy saving and efficient dust removal. The device effectively improves the air quality in the tunnel, effectively controls dust diffusion, and greatly optimizes the working environment.

[0054] In this embodiment, the dust removal head installed on the drill arm 1 is provided with a matching structure 16 for matching with the drill rod of the drill arm 1 so that the dust removal head can move along the axial direction of the drill rod, and the dust removal and purification device also includes a dust cover installed on the dust removal head corresponding to the position of the drill arm 1, and the dust cover is conical; the matching structure 16 is a drill rod hole opened on the dust removal head; it can be understood that the dust cover is made of waterproof and oil-proof material and flame-retardant treatment, such as Oxford cloth; it is easy to clean and has high safety; the dust removal head installed on the drill arm 1 is provided with a matching structure 16 to be inserted into the drill rod, which is quick to install and disassemble; the dust generated during the drilling process is effectively intercepted by the dust cover;

[0055] Furthermore, the dust hood includes a conical hood body 18 and a supporting structure for supporting the hood body 18, the supporting structure includes an elastic support member 19, the two ends of the elastic support member 19 are respectively supported on the large end and the small end of the hood body 18, and multiple elastic support members 19 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the hood body 18; the supporting structure also includes an elastic support ring 17 arranged at the large end of the hood body 18; wherein, the elastic support member 19 can be made of spring steel material, and the elastic support ring 17 can be an elastic rod made of glass fiber, which is inserted into the large end of the Oxford cloth hood body 18. Based on this supporting structure, the dust hood can adaptively adjust its shape according to different working environment requirements, adapt to different shapes of faces, and effectively intercept and collect dust generated by drilling.

[0056] In this embodiment, the filtering assembly includes a primary filter 6 and a secondary filter 7 and dust collecting boxes respectively arranged corresponding to the primary filter 6 and the secondary filter 7. The filter elements of the primary filter 6 and the secondary filter 7 are both precision HEPA and dust separator for double-layer filtration, which can filter particles and dust as small as 0.3 mm and can be disassembled and replaced.

[0057] In this embodiment, the dust removal head includes a first universal tube 15 and an air nozzle arranged at the end of the first universal tube 15, the first universal tube 15 is used to connect with the air pipeline 8, and the dust removal head also includes a second universal tube 20 and a nozzle arranged at the end of the second universal tube 20, and the second universal tube 20 is used to connect with the water pipeline 11; by setting the first universal tube 15 and the second universal tube 20, the spray direction and the dust suction direction can be adjusted according to actual needs, two or more first universal tubes 15 are set to increase the dust suction range, and two or more second universal tubes 20 are set so that the water mist can evenly cover the area where dust reduction is required; the dust removal head structure cooperates with the three-channel system, and can effectively control the dust diffusion at the positions of the excavation arm 2 and the slag transport mechanism 3. The dust removal cover at the position of the drilling rig arm 1 can effectively intercept dust, effectively solving the problem that the traditional dust removal device has poor dust removal effect in open space, improving the air quality in the tunnel, greatly optimizing the working environment, and ensuring the health of the operators;

[0058] Among them, the first universal tube 15 and the second universal tube 20 are PE aluminum tubes. The outer diameter of the first universal tube 15 is 20 mm. It is light, durable and can withstand a certain impact. A grid structure is set at the end to improve the capture effect of suspended particulate matter. The air pipeline 8 is made of EVA material. The first universal tube 15 and the air pipeline 8 are connected by a joint, which is convenient for disassembly and assembly and ensures sealing. Similarly, the second universal tube 20 is connected to the water pipeline through a joint. The outer diameters of the second universal tube 20 and the water pipeline are 10 mm. The water pipeline 11 is made of PE.

[0059] The dust removal and purification method of this embodiment is applied to the above-mentioned dust removal and purification device, and the dust removal and purification method includes:

[0060] S1. Device startup;

[0061] After the device is started, the first power mechanism reverses for a preset time, so that the gas is output from the dust removal head, thereby cleaning the dust accumulated on the dust removal head. After the cleaning is completed, the forward working state can be performed to inhale the dust in the working environment.

[0062] S2. The detection module samples the dust concentration at the preset sampling point. If the dust concentration value exceeds the preset value, the first power mechanism works forward to transport the gas to the filter assembly for filtering. The detection module samples the harmful gas concentration at the preset sampling point. If it exceeds the preset value, the first power mechanism works forward to transport the gas to the filter assembly for filtering. If the harmful gas concentration exceeds the safety threshold, an alarm signal is issued; specifically, the detection module samples the dust concentration at each preset sampling point and the gas concentration at the preset sampling point, respectively, processes and judges the sampling data to control the start and stop of the first power mechanism and the second power mechanism, to ensure the best working state and work efficiency, and reduce energy consumption;

[0063] It should be noted that the dust concentration sampling points include the drill arm position, the excavator arm position and the slag transport mechanism position, which can be specifically set at the inlet end positions of the three gas pipelines, and multiple sampling points are set around the vehicle body; the harmful gas sampling points also include multiple positions around the vehicle body, the drill arm position, the excavator arm position and the slag transport mechanism position, which can be specifically set at the outlet end positions of the three gas pipelines to detect the filtered clean gas;

[0064] S3. The device is turned off; before the device is turned off, the first power mechanism works in reverse for a preset time to clean the dust removal head.

[0065] In this embodiment, step S2 further includes:

[0066] S21. Collect dust concentration data and harmful gas concentration data at each sampling point, perform Kalman filtering, and obtain estimated dust concentration values ​​and harmful gas concentration values; Kalman filtering is an efficient recursive filter, which estimates the state of the system and can provide more accurate predictions in the presence of noise;

[0067] S22. Compare the dust concentration value with the first preset limit value. If it exceeds the first preset limit value, start the first power mechanism and / or the second power mechanism; compare the harmful gas concentration value with the second preset limit value. If it exceeds the second preset limit value, start the first power mechanism and / or the second power mechanism; It should be noted that the second preset limit value is the warning value. The device performs dust collection, filtering and other treatments, and reminds at the same time. The device is also provided with a speaker and a flash light, which sound a reminder through 1HZ; Among them, the warning values ​​of each harmful gas are 2ppm for hydrogen sulfide concentration, 7ppm for carbon monoxide concentration, 0.25% for methane concentration, and 19.5% for oxygen concentration; Further, a safety threshold is also provided. When the concentration exceeds the safety threshold value, a 1HZ alarm is sounded and a 1HZ flash alarm is performed. The safety threshold values ​​are 7ppm for hydrogen sulfide concentration, 25ppm for carbon monoxide concentration, 0.5% for methane concentration, and 23.5% for oxygen concentration. In this embodiment, step S21 includes:

[0068] S211. Parameter initialization, respectively set the initial state, initial error covariance, process noise covariance, observation noise covariance, state transfer matrix, control input matrix, observation matrix, control vector;

[0069] S212. Predict the state at the next moment based on the state at the previous moment and the prediction error covariance; that is, predict the state at the current moment based on the state estimate at the previous moment and the system dynamic model, update the error covariance matrix to reflect the uncertainty of the predicted state, and consider the influence of process noise

[0070] S213. Based on the difference between the actual observation value and the predicted value obtained by the detection module at the current moment, the state is updated and the error covariance is updated; for multiple sensor applications in this embodiment, the data of all sensors are fused together to form a total measurement vector;

[0071] S214. Repeat steps S212-S213; that is, repeat the prediction and update steps to continuously improve the estimation of the system state. Using Kalman filtering to process multiple gas concentration values ​​can reduce noise, improve data accuracy and reliability. By fusing data from multiple sensors, noise can be effectively filtered out, data quality can be improved, and more stable and accurate concentration estimates can be provided, reducing the error of a single sensor. In addition, real-time data processing is achieved to provide continuous and dynamic concentration estimation and real-time monitoring.

[0072] Specifically, step S212 includes:

[0073] In the style Predict the state, based on the state estimation and state equation of the previous moment, predict the state at the current moment;

[0074] In the formula, is the initial state, A is the state transfer matrix, B is the control input matrix, u k is the control vector;

[0075] Formula P k|k-1 =AP k-1|k-1 A T +Q forecast error covariance, updates the error covariance matrix to reflect the uncertainty of the forecast state;

[0076] Where P k-1|k-1 is the initial error covariance, Q is the process noise covariance;

[0077] Step S213 includes:

[0078] Formula K k =P k|k-1 H T (HP k|k-1 H T +R) -1 Calculate the Kalman gain, where the Kalman gain determines the ratio of weight distribution between the predicted value and the measured value, which depends on the prediction error covariance and the measurement noise level; where H is the observation matrix and R is the observation noise covariance;

[0079] In the style Update the state, combining the predicted state with the latest measurement information, and use the Kalman gain to adjust the state estimate to make it closer to the actual state;

[0080] In the formula, Z k Indicates the dust concentration value detected by the detection module.

[0081] Formula P k|k =(IK k H)P k|k-1 Update the error covariance and update the error covariance matrix again, based on the results of the latest state estimation, to reflect the uncertainty of the updated state;

[0082] Using Kalman filter to process multiple concentration values ​​can reduce noise and improve data accuracy and reliability. By fusing data from multiple sensors, noise can be effectively filtered out, data quality can be improved, more stable and accurate concentration estimates can be provided, and the error of a single sensor can be reduced. In addition, Kalman filter can process data in real time and provide continuous and dynamic concentration estimates, which is suitable for real-time monitoring systems. Through state equations and observation equations, Kalman filter estimates the internal state of the system, which can not only estimate the current state, but also predict the future state, which helps to take measures in advance to deal with potential problems. At the same time, Kalman filter is robust. Even if some sensors fail or data is abnormal, data from other sensors can still be used for effective estimation, improving the reliability and safety of the system. The concentration data processed by Kalman filter is more stable, reducing the impact of short-term fluctuations and noise, and significantly improving the accuracy of oxygen concentration estimation, especially when there are differences between sensors. In addition, the anomaly detection function based on Kalman filter can reduce false alarms and missed alarms, further improving the reliability and safety of the system.

[0083] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the dust removal and purification method also includes: if the trolley performs grouting operations, the first power mechanism at the drill rig arm position periodically works in reverse to remove dust generated by the drill bit, cooperates with the dust removal hood to intercept dust near the face, and effectively collects and filters dust generated by drilling.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust removal and purification device, applied to an excavation and loading support operation trolley, characterized in that: The dust removal and purification device is arranged on the drilling arm and / or the digging arm and / or the slag transport mechanism of the excavation and loading support operation trolley, and the dust removal and purification device comprises: The dust removal head is connected to the air pipeline and the water pipeline respectively; A filter assembly, arranged in the gas pipeline, for filtering dust; A first power mechanism is arranged in the air pipeline, and is used to provide positive pressure or negative pressure so as to suck dust or blow air through the dust removal head; A second power mechanism is arranged in the water pipe, the water pipe is connected to a water source, and the second power mechanism is used to provide positive pressure and output water mist through the dust removal head; The detection module is arranged on the excavating and loading support operation trolley, and is used to detect harmful gases at preset sampling points on the excavating and loading support operation trolley and detect dust concentration at preset sampling points on the excavating and loading support operation trolley.

2. The dust removal and purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal head installed on the drill arm is provided with a matching structure for matching with the drill rod of the drill arm so that the dust removal head can move axially along the drill rod. The dust removal and purification device also includes a dust removal cover installed on the dust removal head corresponding to the position of the drill arm, and the dust removal cover is conical.

3. The dust removal and purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust removal hood includes a conical hood body and a supporting structure for supporting the hood body, the supporting structure includes an elastic support member, the two ends of the elastic support member are respectively supported on the large end and the small end of the hood body, and a plurality of the elastic support members are evenly distributed along the circumference of the hood body; the supporting structure also includes an elastic support ring arranged at the large end of the hood body.

4. The dust removal and purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter assembly includes a primary filter, a secondary filter, and dust collection boxes respectively arranged corresponding to the primary filter and the secondary filter.

5. The dust removal and purification device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust removal head includes a first universal tube and an air nozzle arranged at the end of the first universal tube, the first universal tube is used to connect to the air pipeline, the dust removal head also includes a second universal tube and a nozzle arranged at the end of the second universal tube, the second universal tube is used to connect to the water pipeline.

6. A dust removal and purification method, characterized in that: The dust removal and purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, and the dust removal and purification method comprises: S1. Device startup; S2. The detection module samples the dust concentration at the preset sampling point. If the dust concentration exceeds the preset value, the first power mechanism works forward to transport the gas to the filter assembly for filtration. The detection module samples the harmful gas concentration at the preset sampling point. If it exceeds the preset value, the first power mechanism works forward to transport the gas to the filter assembly for filtration. If the harmful gas concentration exceeds the safety threshold, an alarm signal is issued; S3. The device is turned off.

7. The dust removal and purification method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S1 also includes: the first power mechanism works in reverse for a preset time; step S3 also includes: the device is turned off after the first power mechanism works in reverse for a preset time.

8. The dust removal and purification method according to claim 6, characterized in that: Step S2 also includes: S21. Collect dust concentration data and harmful gas concentration data at each sampling point, perform Kalman filtering, and obtain estimated dust concentration values ​​and harmful gas concentration values; S22. Compare the dust concentration value with the first preset limit value. If it exceeds the first preset limit value, start the first power mechanism and / or the second power mechanism; compare the harmful gas concentration value with the second preset limit value. If it exceeds the second preset limit value, start the first power mechanism and / or the second power mechanism.

9. The dust removal and purification method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S21 includes: S211. Parameter initialization, respectively set the initial state, initial error covariance, process noise covariance, observation noise covariance, state transfer matrix, control input matrix, observation matrix, control vector; S212. Predicting the state at the next moment and the prediction error covariance based on the state at the previous moment; S213. Correct the difference between the actual observed value and the predicted value obtained by the detection module at the current moment, update the state and update the error covariance; S214. Repeat steps S212-S213.

10. The dust removal and purification method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step S212 includes: Predicted state, with formula P k|k-1 =AP k-1|k-1 A T +Q prediction error covariance, where is the initial state, A is the state transfer matrix, B is the control input matrix, u k is the control vector, P k-1|k-1 is the initial error covariance, Q is the process noise covariance; Step S213 includes: k =P k|k-1 H T (HP k|k-1 H T +R) -1 Calculate the Kalman gain using the formula Update the status in the form P k|k =(IK k H)P k|k-1 Update error covariance, where H is the observation matrix, R is the observation noise covariance, and Z k Indicates the dust concentration value detected by the detection module.

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