Triaxial loading mechanical property testing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing, in particular to a triaxial loading mechanical property testing device. The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device comprises a pair of loading tools which are oppositely arranged in the Z-axis direction, and each loading tool comprises a Z-direction loading part used for abutting against a to-be-tested sample in the Z-axis direction and a Z-direction loading part used for abutting against the to-be-tested sample in the Z-axis direction; the first guide grooves are arranged in a pair and are distributed on the two sides of the Z-direction loading part along the X-axis direction; the pair of second guide grooves is arranged and distributed on two sides of the Z-direction loading part along the Y-axis direction; and loading blocks are arranged in the first guide groove and the second guide groove. The invention provides a triaxial loading mechanical property testing device which is simple in structure, small in size and capable of reducing heat leakage of a heat preservation device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property testing, and in particular to a triaxial loading mechanical property testing device. Background Art

[0002] Testing and characterizing the failure mode of materials under low temperature environment and complex loads is very important for the mechanical property analysis of materials. In the prior art, uniaxial loading fixtures are usually used to test the mechanical properties of material samples, that is, load is applied to the test sample from a single direction. This type of test cannot meet the multi-directional load test requirements of the test sample.

[0003] In order to meet the needs of multi-directional load testing, if a triaxial loading fixture is used, the sample to be tested needs to be placed in a heat preservation device during the test. The triaxial loading fixture loads the material sample from the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions respectively, and tests the failure form of the material sample in a low temperature environment.

[0004] However, the triaxial loading tool in the prior art is large in size and complex in structure. Moreover, the driving transmission mechanism of the triaxial loading tool extends into the heat preservation device from the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions respectively, resulting in serious heat leakage of the heat preservation device. Therefore, the triaxial loading tool in the prior art is not suitable for testing the failure form of the sample in a low temperature environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a triaxial loading mechanical property testing device, which has a simple structure and a small volume and can reduce the heat leakage of a heat insulation device.

[0006] The present invention provides a triaxial loading mechanical property testing device, comprising a pair of loading fixtures, the pair of loading fixtures are arranged opposite to each other along the Z-axis direction, and there is a placement space for placing a sample to be tested between the two, and the pair of loading fixtures each comprises:

[0007] A Z-direction loading part, used to abut against the sample to be tested along the Z-axis direction;

[0008] A first guide groove is provided in a pair and is distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading portion along the X-axis direction;

[0009] The second guide grooves are provided in a pair and are distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading portion along the Y-axis direction;

[0010] Loading blocks are provided in the first guide groove and the second guide groove, and both ends of the loading blocks are slidably provided in the guide grooves corresponding to the pair of loading tools, so that when the pair of loading tools are brought closer to each other along the Z-axis direction, the loading blocks in the first guide grooves are brought closer to each other along the X-axis direction, and the loading blocks in the second guide grooves are brought closer to each other along the Y-axis direction, wherein the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are the three axes of the spatial rectangular coordinate system.

[0011] According to the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention, at least one of the pair of loading fixtures comprises:

[0012] An inner rod, wherein the end surface of the inner rod close to the placement space forms the Z-direction loading portion;

[0013] The main body is provided with a through hole extending along the Z-axis direction, the inner rod is slidably arranged in the through hole, and the guide groove is arranged in the main body.

[0014] According to the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention, the main body comprises:

[0015] An outer cylinder, a pair of the first guide grooves being arranged on the outer cylinder;

[0016] The inner cylinder is sleeved in the outer cylinder. The inner cylinder can slide relatively along the Z-axis direction. A pair of the second guide grooves are arranged on the inner cylinder.

[0017] According to the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention, the loading tooling is an integrated structure, and further comprises:

[0018] The driving mechanism is transmission-connected to at least one of the loading fixtures and is suitable for driving the loading fixture to move along the Z-axis direction.

[0019] The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention also includes:

[0020] A first driving mechanism, which is transmission-connected to the inner rod and is suitable for driving the inner rod to move along the Z-axis direction;

[0021] The second driving mechanism is transmission-connected with the main body and is suitable for driving the main body to move along the Z-axis direction.

[0022] The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention also includes:

[0023] A first driving mechanism, which is transmission-connected to the inner rod and is suitable for driving the inner rod to move along the Z-axis direction;

[0024] A second driving mechanism is transmission-connected to the outer cylinder and is suitable for driving the outer cylinder to move along the Z-axis direction;

[0025] The third driving mechanism is transmission-connected with the inner cylinder and is suitable for driving the inner cylinder to move along the Z-axis direction.

[0026] According to the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention, a pair of notches opposite to each other along the Y-axis direction are provided at one end of the outer cylinder close to the placement space;

[0027] The inner cylinder is provided with a convex block structure matched with the pair of notches, and the second guide groove is provided on the convex block structure.

[0028] According to the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention, the cross-section of the loading block is a triangle or a trapezoid, two sides of the triangle or trapezoid respectively cooperate with a pair of the loading fixtures, and the other side is suitable for extruding the sample to be tested.

[0029] According to the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention, the cross sections of the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder and the inner rod are all circular.

[0030] According to the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention, the first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism and the third driving mechanism all include servo motors.

[0031] The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention is used to load the sample to be tested from three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively, wherein the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are the three axes of the spatial rectangular coordinate system. The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device includes a pair of loading fixtures, which are arranged relatively along the Z-axis direction, and the sample to be tested is placed between the pair of loading fixtures, that is, along the Z-axis direction, the first loading fixture, the sample to be tested, and the second loading fixture are arranged in sequence. Each loading fixture includes a Z-direction loading part, a first guide groove and a second guide groove, wherein the Z-direction loading part is used to counteract the sample to be tested along the Z-axis direction, that is, when a pair of loading fixtures are close to each other along the Z-axis direction, the Z-direction loading part is used to apply a load to the sample to be tested along the Z-axis direction. The first guide groove is set as a pair, and is distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading part along the X-axis direction. The second guide groove is set as a pair, and is distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading part along the Y-axis direction. Two pairs of loading blocks are arranged correspondingly between a pair of loading fixtures, and each loading block is inserted into the corresponding guide groove of a pair of loading fixtures at the same time, and the loading block and the guide groove are slidably matched. When a pair of loading fixtures are close to each other along the Z-axis direction, the loading blocks of a pair of first guide grooves are close to each other along the X-axis direction, and the loading blocks of a pair of second guide grooves are close to each other along the Y-axis direction. With such arrangement, the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention only needs to provide a driving force in the Z-axis direction to apply a load to the test sample, and the driving force in the Z-axis direction can be converted into a driving force in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction through the cooperation of the guide groove and the loading block, thereby realizing the application of the load in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction to the test sample. The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention does not need to set corresponding driving mechanisms in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction respectively, which effectively simplifies the device structure and reduces the volume. Moreover, the driving mechanism of the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided by the present invention only needs to extend into the insulation device from one direction in the Z-axis direction, which effectively reduces the heat leakage of the insulation device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sample to be tested in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a loading tooling structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a triaxial loading mechanical property testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] 11. Loading tool; 111. Inner rod; 112. Outer cylinder; 113. Inner cylinder; 114. Protrusion structure; 115. First guide groove; 116. Second guide groove; 117. Main body; 1121. Notch; 12. Loading block; 13. Test specimen. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0044] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 7The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided in this embodiment is used to load the test sample 13 from three directions of X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis respectively, wherein the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are three axes of a spatial rectangular coordinate system, such as Figure 1 shown.

[0046] The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device includes a pair of loading fixtures 11, which are arranged opposite to each other along the Z-axis direction, and the test sample 13 is placed between the pair of loading fixtures 11, that is, along the Z-axis direction, the first loading fixture 11, the test sample 13, and the second loading fixture 11 are arranged in sequence.

[0047] Each loading fixture 11 includes a Z-direction loading portion, a first guide groove 115 and a second guide groove 116, wherein the Z-direction loading portion is used to abut against the sample to be tested 13 along the Z-axis direction, that is, when a pair of loading fixtures 11 approach each other along the Z-axis direction, the Z-direction loading portion is used to apply a load to the sample to be tested 13 along the Z-axis direction.

[0048] The first guide grooves 115 are provided in a pair and are distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading portion along the X-axis direction. The second guide grooves 116 are provided in a pair and are distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading portion along the Y-axis direction.

[0049] Herein, the first guide groove 115 and the second guide groove 116 are collectively referred to as guide grooves, and the guide grooves have an inclined surface, which has a guiding function, and the loading block 12 is slidably disposed inside the guide grooves. When a pair of loading fixtures 11 move toward each other, the loading block 12 and the guide grooves produce relative movement, and the loading block 12 slides along the inclined surface of the guide groove. Under the guiding function of the inclined surface of the guide groove, the loading block 12 moves toward the direction close to the sample to be tested 13, thereby realizing the loading function on the sample to be tested 13.

[0050] Since the first guide groove 115 and the second guide groove 116 are respectively distributed along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, that is, the guiding directions of the first guide groove 115 and the second guide groove 116 are respectively along the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. When a pair of loading fixtures 11 approach each other along the Z-axis direction, the loading blocks 12 of the pair of first guide grooves 115 approach each other along the X-axis direction, and the loading blocks 12 of the pair of second guide grooves 116 approach each other along the Y-axis direction.

[0051] With such a configuration, the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided in this embodiment only needs to provide a driving force in the Z-axis direction to apply a load to the test sample 13. The driving force in the Z-axis direction can be converted into driving forces in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction through the cooperation of the guide groove and the loading block 12, thereby achieving the application of loads in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction to the test sample 13. The triaxial loading mechanical property testing device provided in this embodiment does not need to set corresponding driving mechanisms in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, which effectively simplifies the device structure and reduces the volume.

[0052] Furthermore, it should be further explained that a pair of loading fixtures 11 and a sample to be tested 13 are placed in the heat preservation device so that the sample to be tested 13 can be tested under set temperature conditions. The driving mechanism extends from the outside of the heat preservation device into the inside thereof and is connected to the loading fixture 11 by transmission. In the three-axis loading mechanical property testing device provided in this embodiment, the driving mechanism only needs to extend into the heat preservation device from one direction of the Z-axis direction and be connected to the loading fixture 11 by transmission, and does not need to extend into the heat preservation device from the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction respectively, thereby reducing the heat leakage of the heat preservation device, improving the test accuracy of the sample to be tested 13, and the internal space of the heat preservation device can be reduced, thereby improving the heat preservation effect.

[0053] In some embodiments, Figure 7 As shown, at least one of the pair of loading fixtures 11 includes an inner rod 111 and a main body 117. For example, in the pair of loading fixtures 11, both may include an inner rod 111 and a main body 117, wherein the end surface of the inner rod 111 close to the placement space forms the above-mentioned Z-direction loading portion. The main body 117 is provided with a through hole extending along the Z-axis direction, the inner rod 111 is slidably disposed in the through hole, and a guide groove is provided on the main body 117.

[0054] In this embodiment, two driving mechanisms are provided, namely a first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism. The first driving mechanism is used to drive the inner rod 111 to move along the Z-axis direction, and the second driving mechanism can drive the main body 117 to move along the Z-axis direction.

[0055] In some embodiments, the inner rod 111 and the main body 117 may also be an integrated structure, or the two may be threadedly connected or interference fit. In this embodiment, the loading fixture 11 may correspond to only one driving mechanism, that is, only one driving mechanism drives the loading fixture 11 to move along the Z axis, so that the loads in the X axis, Y axis and Z axis directions can be applied to the test sample 13 at the same time.

[0056] In this embodiment, the main body 117 can be set as a cylindrical structure, and the inner rod 111 is slidably matched with the inner wall of the cylindrical structure. Four guide grooves are opened at the end of the cylindrical structure, namely a pair of first guide grooves 115 and a pair of second guide grooves 116. The four loading blocks 12 are respectively slidably matched with each guide groove, and the two ends of each loading block 12 are respectively matched with a pair of guide grooves of the loading tool 11.

[0057] When the main bodies 117 of a pair of loading fixtures 11 approach each other along the Z-axis direction, the loading block 12 slides relatively along the guide grooves on the main bodies 117 , and then moves toward the direction approaching the sample 13 to be tested.

[0058] In a further embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the main body 117 includes an outer cylinder 112 and an inner cylinder 113, wherein a pair of first guide grooves 115 are provided on the outer cylinder 112. The inner cylinder 113 is sleeved in the outer cylinder 112, and the inner cylinder 113 can slide relatively along the Z-axis direction, and a pair of second guide grooves 116 are provided on the inner cylinder 113.

[0059] In some embodiments, the inner cylinder 113 may be provided with a through hole for the loading block 12 on the outer cylinder 112 to pass through, and the loading block 12 on the outer cylinder 112 passes through the through hole and can generate relative movement with the through hole. In this way, the inner cylinder 113 will not interfere with the movement of the loading block 12 on the outer cylinder 112. Of course, in other embodiments, the outer cylinder 112 may also be provided with a pair of notches 1121 at one end close to the sample 13 to be tested, and the inner cylinder 113 may be provided with a protrusion structure 114 that matches the pair of notches 1121, and the second guide groove 116 is provided on the protrusion structure 114, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0060] With such arrangement, the movements of the inner cylinder 113 and the outer cylinder 112 in the Z-axis direction will not interfere with each other, and the loading blocks 12 on the inner cylinder 113 and the outer cylinder 112 will not interfere with each other.

[0061] In some embodiments, the loading fixture 11 is an integrated structure, and the triaxial loading mechanical property testing device further includes a driving mechanism, which is transmission-connected to at least one loading fixture 11 and is suitable for driving the loading fixture 11 to move along the Z-axis direction. Specifically, the driving mechanism may include a servo motor and a lead screw nut device, and the servo motor drives the loading fixture 11 to move through the lead screw nut device. Of course, in other embodiments, the driving mechanism may also include a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, etc.

[0062] In another embodiment, when the loading tool 11 includes the inner rod 111 and the main body 117, the driving mechanism may include a first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism, wherein the first driving mechanism is connected to the inner rod 111 in a transmission manner and is suitable for driving the inner rod 111 to move along the Z-axis direction. The second driving mechanism is connected to the main body 117 in a transmission manner and is suitable for driving the main body 117 to move along the Z-axis direction.

[0063] In this way, the first driving mechanism drives the inner rod 111 to move along the Z-axis direction, so that the inner rod 111 applies a load to the test sample 13 along the Z-axis direction. The second driving mechanism drives the main body 117 to move along the Z-axis direction, and applies loads in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction to the test sample 13 through the loading block 12.

[0064] In other embodiments, the loading tool 11 includes the inner rod 111, the outer cylinder 112 and the inner cylinder 113, wherein a pair of first guide grooves 115 are provided on the outer cylinder 112, the inner cylinder 113 is sleeved in the outer cylinder 112, the inner cylinder 113 can slide relatively along the Z-axis direction, a pair of second guide grooves 116 are provided on the inner cylinder 113, and the inner rod 111 can be slidably sleeved inside the inner cylinder 113. In this embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a first driving mechanism, a second driving mechanism and a third driving mechanism.

[0065] The first driving mechanism is connected to the inner rod 111, and is suitable for driving the inner rod 111 to move along the Z-axis. The second driving mechanism is connected to the outer cylinder 112, and is suitable for driving the outer cylinder 112 to move along the Z-axis. The third driving mechanism is connected to the inner cylinder 113, and is suitable for driving the inner cylinder 113 to move along the Z-axis.

[0066] With such arrangement, the first drive mechanism, the second drive mechanism and the third drive mechanism can independently drive the inner rod 111, the outer cylinder 112 and the inner cylinder 113 in the Z-axis direction, thereby realizing three-axis independent control loading.

[0067] In some embodiments, the cross section of the loading block 12 can be set to be a triangle, two sides of the triangle are respectively matched with a pair of loading fixtures 11, and the other side is suitable for squeezing the sample to be tested 13. That is, the loading block 12 is a three-dimensional triangular prism structure, and two of the three side surfaces of the triangular prism structure are respectively slidably matched with the guide grooves of the pair of loading fixtures 11, and the other side is used to squeeze the sample to be tested 13.

[0068] In some embodiments, the cross section of the loading block 12 may also be set to other shapes, such as trapezoidal, hexagonal, etc.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device, characterized in that: The device comprises a pair of loading fixtures (11), the pair of loading fixtures (11) are arranged opposite to each other along the Z-axis direction, and a placement space for placing a sample to be tested (13) is provided between the pair of loading fixtures (11), and the pair of loading fixtures (11) each comprises: A Z-direction loading portion, used to abut against the test sample (13) along the Z-axis direction; A first guide groove (115) is provided in a pair and is distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading portion along the X-axis direction; A pair of second guide grooves (116) are provided and distributed on both sides of the Z-direction loading portion along the Y-axis direction; A loading block (12) is disposed in each of the first guide groove (115) and the second guide groove (116), and two ends of the loading block (12) are slidably disposed in the corresponding guide grooves of a pair of loading fixtures (11), so that when the pair of loading fixtures (11) are brought closer to each other along the Z-axis direction, the loading blocks (12) in the pair of first guide grooves (115) are brought closer to each other along the X-axis direction, and the loading blocks (12) in the pair of second guide grooves (116) are brought closer to each other along the Y-axis direction, wherein the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are three axes of a spatial rectangular coordinate system.

2. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the pair of loading fixtures (11) comprises: An inner rod (111), wherein the end surface of the inner rod (111) close to the placement space forms the Z-direction loading portion; The main body (117) is provided with a through hole extending along the Z-axis direction, the inner rod (111) is slidably arranged in the through hole, and the guide groove is arranged in the main body (117).

3. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main body (117) comprises: An outer cylinder (112), a pair of the first guide grooves (115) being arranged on the outer cylinder (112); The inner cylinder (113) is sleeved in the outer cylinder (112), and the inner cylinder (113) can slide relatively along the Z-axis direction. A pair of the second guide grooves (116) are arranged on the inner cylinder (113).

4. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading tool (11) is an integrated structure and further comprises: A driving mechanism is transmission-connected to at least one of the loading fixtures (11) and is suitable for driving the loading fixture (11) to move along the Z-axis direction.

5. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A first driving mechanism, which is in transmission connection with the inner rod (111) and is suitable for driving the inner rod (111) to move along the Z-axis direction; The second driving mechanism is transmission-connected to the main body (117) and is suitable for driving the main body (117) to move along the Z-axis direction.

6. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A first driving mechanism, which is in transmission connection with the inner rod (111) and is suitable for driving the inner rod (111) to move along the Z-axis direction; A second driving mechanism is drivingly connected to the outer cylinder (112) and is suitable for driving the outer cylinder (112) to move along the Z-axis direction; The third driving mechanism is transmission-connected to the inner cylinder (113) and is suitable for driving the inner cylinder (113) to move along the Z-axis direction.

7. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A pair of notches (1121) facing each other along the Y-axis direction are provided at one end of the outer cylinder (112) close to the placement space; The inner cylinder (113) is provided with a protrusion structure (114) matching with the pair of notches (1121), and the second guide groove (116) is provided on the protrusion structure (114).

8. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross section of the loading block (12) is triangular or trapezoidal, two sides of the triangle or trapezoid respectively cooperate with a pair of loading fixtures (11), and the other side is suitable for squeezing the sample to be tested (13).

9. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross sections of the inner cylinder (113), the outer cylinder (112) and the inner rod (111) are all circular.

10. The triaxial loading mechanical properties testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first driving mechanism, the second driving mechanism and the third driving mechanism all include servo motors.

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