Drilling full-process digital management method and system based on BIM + GIS technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the crossing field of engineering geological survey and informatization technologies, in particular to a drilling whole-process digital management method and system based on a BIM + GIS technology. According to the method, a three-dimensional visual environment is constructed based on a BIM model, GIS data and geological basic data, drill holes are arranged in combination with national engineering investigation standards, the obtained actual drill hole data are collected and accepted based on a mobile terminal program, drill hole arrangement information and the actual drill hole data are input into a drill hole data structure standard library, and the drill hole arrangement information and the actual drill hole data are recorded into the drill hole data structure standard library. A histogram is generated by using a drilling data standard library, and finally, drilling and drilling data are displayed based on a three-dimensional visual environment, so that the problems of low drilling layout efficiency, unreasonable drilling scheme, low data acquisition efficiency, high error rate and low drilling data structuring degree in the prior art can be solved; and on the other hand, a digital collaboration platform is constructed, lagging and distortion of information transmission are reduced, and information sharing is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the intersection of engineering geological survey and information technology, and in particular to a drilling full-process digital management method and system based on BIM+GIS technology. Background Art

[0002] Geological drilling survey is a crucial link in the field of engineering construction. Its purpose is to find out the geological conditions and provide the necessary geological basis for engineering design, construction and operation. However, there are still many deficiencies in the digitalization and intelligence of geological drilling survey, which seriously restricts the survey efficiency and engineering quality.

[0003] The limitations of traditional geological drilling survey methods are reflected in many aspects: the layout of boreholes is overly dependent on manual experience, and surveyors need to plan and mark on paper maps, which is not only inefficient, but also prone to unreasonable borehole layout plans due to subjective judgment, and it is difficult to fully consider the impact of topography, geological structure and existing buildings and structures; on-site acceptance and data collection mainly rely on paper records, and manual filling out of forms and hand-drawing are time-consuming and laborious, prone to typos and omissions, and paper materials are not easy to save, retrieve and statistically analyze, forming information islands; the data is poorly structured and difficult to use directly for computer analysis and application. Even digital entry requires a lot of manual sorting and conversion, which is inefficient and error-prone; information transmission is delayed, and survey results are difficult to share in a timely manner, resulting in coordination difficulties and decision-making errors in various links; the results are mainly expressed in paper reports and drawings, lacking three-dimensional visualization capabilities, and unable to intuitively display geological conditions, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for refined and intelligent geological information in engineering construction.

[0004] Although most units in the existing technology have adopted CAD for drawing, when drawing the drilling column chart, the paper drilling data still needs to be re-entered into the relevant software, and the generated column chart is usually not fully automated, requiring a lot of manual adjustment, and the work efficiency is still low; although some mobile APPs can realize on-site data collection, the data is poorly structured and lacks effective data verification functions, making it difficult to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the collected data; at the same time, the existing technology generally lacks a full-process digital management system, and information in each link is difficult to share and transmit. There is a lack of deep integration with the BIM model, and it is impossible to make full use of the structural information and spatial information in the BIM model for more accurate geological analysis and application. The overall degree of intelligence and automation is low, and it is difficult to meet the needs of modern engineering construction for efficient, accurate and intelligent geological surveys.

[0005] On the other hand, the prior art discloses an intelligent display system for survey results based on GIS+BIM (publication number: CN116304152A), which involves the field of survey results display, including a drilling data acquisition module, a project location display module, an exploration point and status display module, an exploration point drilling details display module, a two-dimensional geological display module, and a bedrock contour display module. The drilling exploration results data is imported and standardized through a data acquisition tool for unified management, and then the exploration details such as the project line, site interval, work point location, drilling location and status are displayed on the information base map of the real topography, urban structure, etc. through GIS visualization technology, and the geological body BIM model is linked to generate a two-dimensional and three-dimensional geological profile of the project location. Although the present invention solves the problem of data structure standardization to a certain extent, there are still problems such as low drilling layout efficiency, unreasonable drilling plan, and low data acquisition efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art of low drilling layout efficiency, unreasonable drilling scheme, low data collection efficiency and high error rate, and low degree of structuring of drilling data, and to provide a full-process digital management method and system for drilling based on BIM+GIS technology.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology, which specifically includes the following steps: S1. Build a 3D visualization environment by combining BIM model, GIS data and geological basic data; S2, based on the three-dimensional visualization environment constructed in S1 and in combination with national engineering survey standards, drilling layout is performed, and actual drilling operation is performed according to the drilling layout; S3. Based on the mobile terminal program, collect and check the actual drilling data; S4, entering the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling into the drilling data structure standard library; S5, generating a drilling histogram using the drilling data structure standard library; S6. Displaying the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment.

[0008] Through the high-precision integration of BIM models and GIS data, a three-dimensional real scene including BIM models, topography, and geological information was constructed, enabling surveyors to conduct multi-factor comprehensive analysis under a unified spatial framework, greatly improving the scientificity and rationality of drilling layout, avoiding unreasonable drilling layout plans due to subjective judgment, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent precise surveys.

[0009] Preferably, the basic geological data required in S1 include regional geological maps, structural outline maps, active fault distribution maps and historical drilling data.

[0010] Preferably, the drilling arrangement of S2 is specifically to construct an automated drilling arrangement process, including the following steps: S21. Extract the requirements related to drilling layout in the national engineering survey standards, including the requirements for drilling location, drilling depth, drilling quantity, and drilling requirements under special geological conditions; S22, digitizing the requirements related to the drilling layout and inputting them into a rule base; S23, reading the GIS data and the geological basic data, and generating candidate drilling points based on the rule base; S24, optimizing the drilling position of the candidate drilling points by spatial conflict detection and terrain adaptability adjustment, and adjusting the drilling depth based on the rule base to obtain an optimized drilling point; S25, displaying the optimized drilling points in the three-dimensional visualization environment as a preliminary layout plan; Among them, inputting the relevant requirements of drilling layout into the rule base and digitizing it can significantly improve the efficiency of drilling layout; compared with the low efficiency of manual drilling layout, which is difficult to cope with the large number of drilling needs of complex engineering projects, the present invention digitizes the engineering survey specifications and converts them into executable rules. Combined with BIM model information, it realizes the automatic layout of drilling holes, greatly improves the drilling efficiency, saves labor costs, and allows surveyors to devote more energy to the analysis and judgment of complex geological conditions.

[0011] Further preferably, the number of the optimized drilling points is controlled by setting a density threshold, and the optimized drilling points are deleted if the density threshold is exceeded.

[0012] Further preferably, the automated drilling layout process also includes manual verification and optimization adjustment.

[0013] Preferably, the S3 specifically collects drilling data through a structured data entry interface, and integrates OCR technology to convert drilling record images into structured data, and at the same time, performs real-time verification on the entered actual drilling data, and finally synchronizes the actual drilling data processed by the mobile terminal program to the data center; Paperless on-site data collection and acceptance are carried out based on mobile terminal programs, which specifically include data collection modules and image recognition modules, ensuring data quality and collection efficiency. Compared with traditional paper-based recording methods that are prone to errors, difficult to save, and delayed in transmission, the present invention uses mobile terminal programs to collect and accept on-site data, realizing paperless operations, which not only improves data collection efficiency, but also effectively avoids data entry errors through the built-in data verification mechanism, ensuring data accuracy and reliability. In particular, the integrated image recognition module can automatically identify original drilling records and convert image information into structured data, greatly reducing the workload of manual entry and improving data collection efficiency by 40%.

[0014] Preferably, the borehole data structure standard library in S4 is for standardization of the borehole layout information and the actual borehole data, the stratigraphic age symbols in the borehole layout information and the actual borehole data are derived from the stratigraphic age symbol library, and the lithological patterns in the borehole layout information and the actual borehole data are derived from the stratigraphic lithological pattern library, providing standardized data for generating a borehole column chart using the actual borehole data in S5; Among them, a unified drilling data structure standard library is constructed by entering the drilling layout information and the data obtained from actual drilling. The unified drilling data structure standard library can provide normalized and standardized data for subsequent drilling data collection, processing, analysis and results expression, which can ensure the consistency, accuracy and interoperability of the data, thereby improving data utilization efficiency and results quality. At the same time, the unified drilling data structure standard library is also helpful for the subsequent generation of bar charts.

[0015] Preferably, the S5 generates a borehole histogram that requires dynamic layout of the lithology histogram module, the SPB module and the groundwater level module, wherein the width of each module is adjusted according to the priority of the lithology histogram module, the SPB module and the groundwater level module. If the total width of the module is insufficient, it is stretched to the maximum width according to the importance of the module. If the total width of the module exceeds the limit, it is reduced to the minimum width according to the priority of the module. The automatic generation of drilling bar graphs based on structured data greatly improves the efficiency of output results. Compared with the traditional manual drawing of bar graphs, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and difficult to ensure standardization and normalization, the present invention realizes the structured storage and management of drilling data by establishing a unified data structure standard, and develops an intelligent mapping engine based on structured data, which can automatically generate drilling bar graphs, greatly reducing the workload of manual drawing, improving the efficiency of output results, saving 80% of the mapping time, and ensuring the standardization and aesthetics of the bar graph. At the same time, the present invention allows users to customize the frame template and data module selection, realizing the personalization and flexibility of the expression of results. Compared with the traditional bar graph with a fixed format, it is difficult to meet the needs of different users. The present invention allows users to customize the frame template and flexibly control the content and style of the bar graph by selecting different data modules, thereby meeting the personalized needs of different projects and users and improving the flexibility and adaptability of the expression of results.

[0016] Preferably, the S6 displays the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment, wherein there is a profile analysis and a data filter; The profile analysis generates a geological profile by projecting the drilled strata onto the profile diagram through a custom profile path and combining the topographic data; The data filtering selects and highlights target boreholes by borehole type, depth range or lithology keywords; The three-dimensional display of drilling data in a three-dimensional visualization environment improves the ability to understand and analyze geological information. Compared with traditional two-dimensional bar charts that are difficult to intuitively display the spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies, the present invention uses the BIM+GIS platform to display drilling data in the form of three-dimensional cylinders and distinguish strata by color, thereby more intuitively displaying the geological conditions, making it easier for users to understand geological information from a three-dimensional spatial perspective, and supporting operations such as clicking, querying, and profile analysis on drilling holes, greatly improving the ability to understand and analyze geological information.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention provides a drilling full-process digital management system based on BIM+GIS technology, which is characterized by comprising the following modules: Three-dimensional environment module: used for importing and registering the BIM model, the GIS data and the geological basic data to generate the three-dimensional visualization environment; Rule storage module: used to store the requirements related to drilling layout in the national engineering survey standards, and store the data structure standard library of the actual drilling, the stratigraphic age symbol library and the stratigraphic lithology pattern library; Mobile acquisition module: integrating OCR technology and structured verification to collect and verify the actual drilling data; Histogram generation module: parses the custom template, dynamically typesets the lithology histogram module, the SPB module and the groundwater level module, and fills in lithology patterns; Visualization analysis module: displays the drilling model in the three-dimensional visualization environment, and supports click query, profile generation and data filtering functions; Data center module: manages the actual drilling data based on a relational database and provides an API interface to interact with external systems; By establishing a digital management system for the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology, information sharing and collaborative work are promoted. Compared with the traditional drilling survey, where information in each link is difficult to share and transmit, resulting in difficulties in collaboration among departments, the present invention realizes digital management of the entire drilling survey process, centrally stores information from each link in a unified data center, and realizes data interconnection with other systems through data interfaces, which promotes information sharing and collaborative work, reduces the lag and distortion of information transmission, and provides timely and accurate data support for engineering decisions.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention provides a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology, which constructs a three-dimensional visualization environment based on BIM model, GIS data and geological basic data, arranges and drills holes in accordance with national engineering survey standards, collects and accepts the actual drilling data obtained based on a mobile terminal program, enters the drilling layout information and actual drilling data into a drilling data structure standard library, generates a bar chart using the drilling data structure standard library, and finally displays the drilling holes and drilling data based on a three-dimensional visualization environment, which can solve the problems of low drilling layout efficiency, unreasonable drilling scheme, low data collection efficiency and high error rate, and low structuring of drilling data in the prior art; 2. The present invention provides a full-process digital management system for drilling based on BIM+GIS technology, which consists of a three-dimensional environment module, a rule storage module, a mobile acquisition module, a bar chart generation module, a visualization analysis module and a data center module, constructs a digital collaborative platform, reduces the lag and distortion of information transmission, promotes information sharing, and provides timely and accurate data support for engineering decision-making. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of intelligent drilling layout based on BIM+GIS in Example 2.

[0021] Figure 3This is a flow chart of the collection and acceptance of drilling data by the mobile program in Example 2.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the basic information fields of drilling in Example 2.

[0023] Figure 5 This is the field diagram of the drilling stratum lithology information in Example 2.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the drilling sampling information field in Example 2.

[0025] Figure 7 This is the borehole groundwater level information field diagram in Example 2.

[0026] Figure 8 This is the information field diagram for the in-situ drilling test in Example 2.

[0027] Fig. 9 This is a diagram of the drilling original record information fields in Example 2.

[0028] Fig.10 This is the information field diagram of the stratigraphic age library in Example 2.

[0029] Fig.11 This is the information field diagram of the stratum code library in Example 2.

[0030] Fig.12 This is the field diagram of the stratum lithology pattern information in Example 2.

[0031] Fig.13 This is a flow chart for automatically generating a bar graph in Example 2.

[0032] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the automatic typesetting algorithm of the bar graph in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship when the invented product / equipment / device is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate the technicians to quickly understand the scheme, and do not indicate or imply that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] In addition, if the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel" and the like appear, it does not mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or overhanging or parallel, but may be slightly tilted or have deviations. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but may be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding devices / components / elements are set in directions such as "horizontal", "vertical", "overhanging", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably an error / deviation within ±8%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±6%, more preferably an error / deviation within ±5%, and more preferably an error / deviation within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still achieve its role in the scheme of the present invention.

[0036] In addition, the expressions “first”, “second”, “third”, etc., which appear in the terms, are merely used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0037] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "plurality" and "a number" represent at least 2. It can be any number such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and even more than 9.

[0038] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, the terms "set", "install", "connect", "connected", "provided with", "laid", and "arranged" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, and can be welding, riveting, bolting, threading, and other commonly used connection means in the field. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements.

[0039] Example 1 This embodiment provides a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology. The specific flowchart is as follows Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Build a 3D visualization environment by combining BIM model, GIS data and geological basic data; S2, based on the three-dimensional visualization environment constructed in S1 and in combination with national engineering survey standards, drilling layout is performed, and actual drilling operation is performed according to the drilling layout; S3. Based on the mobile terminal program, collect and check the actual drilling data; S4, entering the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling into the drilling data structure standard library; S5, generating a drilling histogram using the drilling data structure standard library; S6. Displaying the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment.

[0040] Through the high-precision integration of BIM models and GIS data, a three-dimensional real scene including BIM models, topography, and geological information was constructed, enabling surveyors to conduct multi-factor comprehensive analysis under a unified spatial framework, greatly improving the scientificity and rationality of drilling layout, avoiding unreasonable drilling layout plans due to subjective judgment, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent precise surveys.

[0041] The basic geological data required in S1 include regional geological maps, structural outline maps, active fault distribution maps and historical drilling data.

[0042] The drilling arrangement of S2 is specifically to build an automated drilling arrangement process, including the following steps: S21. Extract the requirements related to drilling layout in the national engineering survey standards, including the requirements for drilling location, drilling depth, drilling quantity, and drilling requirements under special geological conditions; S22, digitizing the requirements related to the drilling layout and inputting them into a rule base; S23, reading the GIS data and the geological basic data, and generating candidate drilling points based on the rule base; S24, optimizing the drilling position of the candidate drilling points by spatial conflict detection and terrain adaptability adjustment, and adjusting the drilling depth based on the rule base to obtain an optimized drilling point; S25, displaying the optimized drilling points in the three-dimensional visualization environment as a preliminary layout plan; Among them, inputting the relevant requirements of drilling layout into the rule base and digitizing it can significantly improve the efficiency of drilling layout; compared with the low efficiency of manual drilling layout, which is difficult to cope with the large number of drilling needs of complex engineering projects, the present invention digitizes the engineering survey specifications and converts them into executable rules. Combined with BIM model information, it realizes the automatic layout of drilling holes, greatly improves the drilling efficiency, saves labor costs, and allows surveyors to devote more energy to the analysis and judgment of complex geological conditions.

[0043] Furthermore, the number of the optimized drilling points is controlled by setting a density threshold, and the optimized drilling points are deleted if the density threshold is exceeded.

[0044] Furthermore, the automated drilling arrangement process also includes manual verification and optimization adjustment, and the quality of the arranged drilling holes is improved through manual verification and optimization adjustment, so as to ensure the subsequent actual drilling operation; Manual verification and optimization adjustments require comprehensive consideration of geological conditions, underground pipelines and other obstacles, and manual adjustments, parameter modifications and version control based on these factors.

[0045] The S3 specifically collects drilling data through a structured data entry interface, and integrates OCR technology to convert drilling record images into structured data. At the same time, the entered actual drilling data is verified in real time, and finally the actual drilling data processed by the mobile terminal program is synchronized to the data center; Paperless on-site data collection and acceptance are carried out based on mobile terminal programs, which specifically include data collection modules and image recognition modules, ensuring data quality and collection efficiency. Compared with traditional paper-based recording methods that are prone to errors, difficult to save, and delayed in transmission, the present invention uses mobile terminal programs to collect and accept on-site data, realizing paperless operations, which not only improves data collection efficiency, but also effectively avoids data entry errors through the built-in data verification mechanism, ensuring data accuracy and reliability. In particular, the integrated image recognition module can automatically identify original drilling records and convert image information into structured data, greatly reducing the workload of manual entry and improving data collection efficiency by 40%.

[0046] The borehole data structure standard library in S4 is for standardizing the borehole layout information and the actual borehole data, the stratigraphic age symbols in the borehole layout information and the actual borehole data are derived from the stratigraphic age symbol library, and the lithology patterns in the borehole layout information and the actual borehole data are derived from the stratigraphic lithology pattern library, providing standardized data for generating a borehole column chart using the actual borehole data in S5; Among them, a unified drilling data structure standard library is constructed by entering the drilling layout information and the data obtained from actual drilling. The unified drilling data structure standard library can provide normalized and standardized data for subsequent drilling data collection, processing, analysis and results expression, which can ensure the consistency, accuracy and interoperability of the data, thereby improving data utilization efficiency and results quality. At the same time, the unified drilling data structure standard library is also helpful for the subsequent generation of bar charts.

[0047] The S5 generates a borehole histogram, which requires dynamic layout of the lithology histogram module, the SPB module and the groundwater level module, wherein the width of each module is adjusted according to the priority of the lithology histogram module, the SPB module and the groundwater level module. If the total width of the module is insufficient, it is stretched to the maximum width according to the importance of the module. If the total width of the module exceeds the limit, it is reduced to the minimum width according to the priority of the module. The automatic generation of drilling bar graphs based on structured data greatly improves the efficiency of output results. Compared with the traditional manual drawing of bar graphs, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and difficult to ensure standardization and normalization, the present invention realizes the structured storage and management of drilling data by establishing a unified data structure standard, and develops an intelligent mapping engine based on structured data, which can automatically generate drilling bar graphs, greatly reducing the workload of manual drawing, improving the efficiency of output results, saving 80% of the mapping time, and ensuring the standardization and aesthetics of the bar graph. At the same time, the present invention allows users to customize the frame template and data module selection, realizing the personalization and flexibility of the expression of results. Compared with the traditional bar graph with a fixed format, it is difficult to meet the needs of different users. The present invention allows users to customize the frame template and flexibly control the content and style of the bar graph by selecting different data modules, thereby meeting the personalized needs of different projects and users and improving the flexibility and adaptability of the expression of results.

[0048] The S6 displays the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment, wherein there is a profile analysis and a data filter; The profile analysis generates a geological profile by projecting the drilled strata onto the profile diagram through a custom profile path and combining the topographic data; The data filtering selects and highlights target boreholes by borehole type, depth range or lithology keywords; The three-dimensional display of drilling data in a three-dimensional visualization environment improves the ability to understand and analyze geological information. Compared with traditional two-dimensional bar charts that are difficult to intuitively display the spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies, the present invention uses the BIM+GIS platform to display drilling data in the form of three-dimensional cylinders and distinguish strata by color, thereby more intuitively displaying the geological conditions, making it easier for users to understand geological information from a three-dimensional spatial perspective, and supporting operations such as clicking, querying, and profile analysis on drilling holes, greatly improving the ability to understand and analyze geological information.

[0049] Example 2 In order to solve the problems of low drilling layout efficiency, unreasonable drilling scheme, low data collection efficiency and high error rate, and low structuring degree of drilling data in the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A digital management method for the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology, including the construction of a three-dimensional geographic environment based on BIM+GIS, intelligent drilling layout based on BIM+GIS, paperless on-site data collection and acceptance based on mobile terminals, standardized data preparation, automatic generation of drilling column chart results based on structured data, and three-dimensional display and application scenarios of drilling results. The specific operation process of each step is as follows: Step 1: Construction of 3D geographic environment based on BIM+GIS The three-dimensional geographic environment based on BIM+GIS can integrate the BIM model of the engineering project with GIS data such as terrain, geological maps, remote sensing images, etc., to build a real and complete three-dimensional visualization environment, providing a unified spatial reference framework and data foundation for subsequent drilling layout, geological analysis and results display.

[0050] 1. Data preparation Prepare BIM models, GIS data, and basic geological data to prepare for the next step of building a three-dimensional real scene.

[0051] Import and create BIM models: Import the BIM model of the project (including structural information such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, roadbeds, pavements, slopes, etc.) into the GIS platform, which supports a variety of BIM model formats (such as: .rvt, .ifc, .obj, .skp, .3ds, .gcm), and perform necessary format conversion and data cleaning to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the model data; you can also create a BIM model (including structural information such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, roadbeds, pavements, slopes, etc.) directly in the GIS platform.

[0052] GIS data loading: Load related GIS data. Supported data types are as follows: (1) Aerial survey data, digital orthophoto DOM, digital elevation DEM, support multiple formats such as .tiff, .jpg, .lrp, etc.; support LiDAR data, can load .las, .laz and other formats; (2) Tilt model, supports loading tilt model data in OSGB format; (3) Online satellite images and terrain, supporting satellite data from multiple sources such as Tiandi Map, Amap, and Baidu; (4) Online road and place name annotation, supporting road and place name annotation from multiple sources such as Tiandi Map, Amap, and Baidu.

[0053] Loading basic geological data: Load existing geological maps. The main basic geological data are as follows: (1) Regional geological maps: load regional geological maps of different scales such as 200,000, 250,000, and 500,000; (2) Structural outline drawings: Load structural outline drawings of different scales, such as 200,000, 250,000, and 500,000, and perform spatial registration to ensure spatial alignment with the terrain elevation data and BIM model.

[0054] (3) Active fault distribution map, access to the active fault distribution data of the China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center.

[0055] (4) Historical drilling data: load existing drilling data, including drilling location, depth, lithology description, etc., as reference information for drilling layout.

[0056] 2. Constructing a Real 3D Geographic Environment By importing the BIM model of the engineering project and spatially aligning and integrating it with GIS data such as terrain elevation data, geology, and images, and using the 3D visualization engine of the GIS platform to create a real 3D scene, a unified spatial reference framework and data foundation are provided for subsequent drilling layout, geological analysis, and results display, thus achieving seamless integration of structures and geographical environment.

[0057] Step 2: Intelligent drilling layout based on BIM+GIS This step uses the building information, topography, aerial survey data and geological data integrated by the BIM+GIS platform, combined with national engineering survey standards, to realize the intelligent layout of drilling holes, and optimizes and adjusts them based on manual verification, and finally forms a reasonable and efficient drilling layout plan. Relying on a unified data center, the interconnection of drilling data in the layout, acceptance and output of results is realized, providing an accurate data basis for subsequent survey work. The flowchart of intelligent drilling layout based on BIM+GIS is shown below. Figure 2 shown.

[0058] 1. Automated drilling layout based on specifications The standardized automated drilling layout digitizes the engineering survey specifications and integrates BIM+GIS data to build an automated drilling layout process, which can improve the efficiency and standardization of drilling layout, reduce dependence on manual experience, and provide a scientific and reasonable initial plan for subsequent manual verification, thereby improving the quality and speed of the overall survey and design. The specific operation process is as follows.

[0059] (1) Drilling layout specification sorting and information extraction The engineering survey specifications of different engineering industries are sorted out, such as the "Specification for Engineering Survey of Building Foundations" (GB50021), the "Specification for Geotechnical Engineering Survey" (GB 50021), the "Specification for Geological Survey of Highway Engineering" (JTG C20) and other relevant national or industry specifications, and information is extracted and classified in the following form.

[0060] Determination of standard scope: Sorting out the geological survey standards commonly used in the field of engineering construction, such as: "Code for Investigation of Building Foundation Engineering" (GB 50021) Code for Geotechnical Engineering Investigation (GB 50021) "Specifications for Highway Engineering Geological Survey" (JTG C20) Supplementary survey standards for industries or regions Information extraction and classification: Read the relevant standards one by one, extract the clauses directly related to drilling layout, and classify them. The following types of information are mainly extracted: Requirements for hole layout (for example: "drill holes should be arranged around the building", "drill holes should be arranged at key locations of important buildings", and "when there are adverse geological phenomena on the site, drill holes should be arranged within the impact range") Requirements for hole depth (for example: "The drilling depth should meet the requirements for ascertaining the mechanical properties of the foundation bearing layer and the underlying layer", "The drilling depth of high-rise buildings should not be less than 1.5 times the height of the building", and "The drilling depth of the weak underlying layer should penetrate the weak soil layer") Requirements for the number of holes to be drilled (for example: "For simple foundations, the number of holes to be drilled should not be less than 3" and "For complex foundations, the number of holes to be drilled should be increased based on the specific situation") Requirements for drilling holes under special geological conditions (for example, "when there is a fault, drilling holes should be arranged on both sides of the fault" and "when there is a cave, the location, size and distribution range of the cave should be identified") (2) Drilling layout requirements are digitized According to the combed normative content, the combed content is formalized and parameterized to facilitate computer program recognition and execution; Rule formalization: Convert the extracted standard clauses into executable rules and describe them in a formal language so that computers can understand and execute them; Parameterization: For the numerical requirements in the rules, parameterization is performed to allow adjustment according to actual conditions (for example, drilling holes are arranged around the building, and the outer expansion distance = A meters, where A is adjustable; drilling holes are arranged on both sides of the fault, and the drilling spacing <= Y meters, where Y is adjustable); Rule priority: For conflicting rules, set priorities to ensure that the program can be executed correctly (for example, when the specification requirements conflict with the actual situation, manual intervention is allowed).

[0061] (3) Automated deployment rule setting Rule base construction: Store the digitized standard rules in the rule base and the server for easy management and maintenance. The rule base can be implemented using a relational database or a rule engine. Parameter configuration interface: Provides a user-friendly parameter configuration interface, allowing engineers to configure the parameters of automated layout. The main operations that can be performed in the parameter configuration interface include: specification selection, rule enable / disable, parameter adjustment, and drilling density setting; Rule verification: Verify the configured rules to ensure their rationality and consistency.

[0062] (4) Automated deployment process Step 1: Data reading: Read BIM model data and design information to obtain relevant data such as the type (super-large bridge, super-long tunnel), location, geometric information, height, scale, design information (construction drawing stage, first-class highway, etc.) of the building; Read GIS data and obtain terrain elevation information; Read geological data to obtain information on geology, faults, etc.; Read the layout rules and parameter settings in the rule base.

[0063] Step 2: Drilling candidate point generation: Generate candidate drilling points based on the rules of the rule base (for example, based on the rules of arranging drilling holes around the building, generate candidate drilling points according to the extension of the building outline by a certain distance. The extension distance is set in the parameter configuration interface); Based on the rules for arranging drilling holes at key locations, identify key locations of buildings and structures (e.g. corner points, bridge pier locations, tunnel entrances and exits, etc.) and generate candidate drilling points at these locations; Based on the rules for arranging drilling holes in adverse geological phenomena, identify adverse geological phenomena in the site (such as faults, landslides, caves, etc.) and generate candidate drilling points within their influence range.

[0064] Step 3: Drilling location optimization: Spatial conflict detection: detect whether the candidate drilling point conflicts with other spatial objects such as buildings. If there is a conflict, adjust the drilling position to avoid the conflict area. Terrain adaptability adjustment: According to the terrain elevation data, the drilling location is adjusted to be located in a flat area and avoid areas such as steep slopes or the center of a river.

[0065] Step 4: Drilling depth calculation: Generate drilling depth based on the rules of the rule base (for example, calculate drilling depth according to the height of the building: drilling depth = building height × depth coefficient, where the depth coefficient is set by the parameter configuration interface); Taking into account the geological burial depth, combined with geological data, the drilling depth is adjusted according to factors such as the bearing capacity requirements of the building and the approximate depth of settlement to ensure that the drilling depth is sufficient.

[0066] Step 5: Drilling quantity control: The number of boreholes is controlled according to the borehole density parameter. If the number of boreholes exceeds the set threshold, some of the boreholes are deleted. The deletion strategy can be random deletion or deletion based on certain rules (for example, deleting boreholes in areas with low geological importance).

[0067] Step 6: Generate initial layout plan: The optimized and adjusted drilling candidate points are used as the initial drilling layout plan, and the initial layout plan is visualized in the BIM+GIS three-dimensional scene.

[0068] 2. Manual verification and optimization adjustment The factors that need to be considered for manual verification are as follows: Topography: Combined with terrain elevation data, check whether the drilling location is located in areas with high geological risks such as steep slopes and gullies, and make necessary adjustments; Geological conditions: Combine geological maps, fault data and historical geological data to analyze the geological structure and lithology distribution of the drilling location and optimize the layout of the drilling holes; Underground pipelines and other obstacles: Check whether the drilling location conflicts with known underground pipelines or other obstacles to avoid construction risks.

[0069] Manual adjustments are made based on the factors considered. The specific operations are as follows: Manual adjustment: allows engineers to manually add, delete or move drill holes to better meet actual survey needs; Parameter modification: allows engineers to modify the location, depth and other parameters of the drilling to optimize the detection effect of the drilling; Version control: During the manual adjustment process, different layout plans are version controlled to facilitate comparison and backtracking.

[0070] (III) Construction and interconnection of drilling data centers Data structure standardization: Unified standards: Adopt the aforementioned drilling data structure standards to ensure that all drilling data (including location, depth, geological description, test data, etc.) are stored and managed in a unified format.

[0071] Metadata management: Establish a complete metadata management system to record the source, creation time, modification history, quality control information, etc. of drilling data.

[0072] Data center construction: Centralized storage: All drilling data are stored in a unified data center to achieve centralized management and maintenance of data.

[0073] Permission control: Implement strict data access permission control to ensure data security and confidentiality.

[0074] Data interconnection and interoperability: Data interface: Provide standard data interface (such as API, Web Service, etc.) to facilitate data exchange and sharing with other systems (such as drilling acceptance APP, automated mapping system, BIM platform, etc.).

[0075] Data integration: Integrate drilling data with BIM models, GIS data and other related data to build a complete information chain.

[0076] Data flow: Ensure that the entire process of drilling, from layout to acceptance to drawing, is based on the same data center to achieve seamless flow and sharing of data.

[0077] Step 3: Paperless on-site data collection and acceptance based on mobile terminals This step is to use the convenience of the mobile terminal to achieve paperless collection and acceptance of on-site drilling data, and use image recognition technology to improve data entry efficiency, ensure data quality, and provide an accurate and reliable data basis for subsequent data processing and output of results. The flow chart of the mobile terminal program for collecting and accepting drilling data is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0078] 1. Design of mobile APP functional modules In order to realize the collection and acceptance of drilling data, it is necessary to develop a mobile APP. The main functional modules are designed as follows: Data acquisition module: Standardized data structure: Based on the drilling data structure standard, a structured data entry interface is designed. The data to be entered include: Basic drilling information (hole number, hole elevation, hole opening time, hole completion time, etc.); Stratigraphic information (layer number, layer bottom depth, stratigraphic age code, lithology description, etc.); In-situ test information (test type, test depth, original blow count, corrected blow count, rod length correction factor, etc.); Sampling information (sample number, sample type, sampling depth, etc.); Groundwater level information (water level depth, measurement time, etc.).

[0079] Data entry supports a variety of flexible data entry methods to improve data entry efficiency, including manual input (keyboard input of values, text and other information), option selection (drop-down menus, radio buttons, check boxes, etc., for predefined data), photo upload (taking photos of cores, drilling sites, etc. as supplementary information), and voice entry (conveniently and quickly recording site descriptions and notes).

[0080] At the same time, the APP can save the entered data in real time to prevent data loss.

[0081] Image recognition module: Specifically, it can realize image acquisition. Through the built-in camera function, users can take photos of original drilling records. In addition, it can also realize automatic recognition of pictures. Image recognition specifically uses OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology to convert the original drilling record picture information into editable text data. Automatically identify the original drilling record table and structure the drilling process data to facilitate later application; Optimize the characteristics of drilling records to improve recognition accuracy; Parse the recognized text data according to the predefined data structure and automatically fill it into the corresponding data field; At the same time, the image recognition module provides a convenient verification interface, allowing users to quickly check and modify recognition results.

[0082] Data verification module: The verification functions performed by the data verification module specifically include: Real-time verification: During data entry, key fields are verified in real time to prevent incorrect data entry; Type verification: determine whether the data type meets the field requirements (such as value, text, date, etc.); Range check: determine whether the data is within a reasonable range (for example, the depth value cannot be negative); Format verification: determine whether the data format is correct (such as whether the date format complies with the specification); Logical verification: determine whether there are logical errors between data (such as the bottom depth of the layer must be greater than the top depth of the layer); Offline verification: Data verification can be performed even without an Internet connection.

[0083] Data Management Module: The data management module is mainly used to browse and modify the input data. Data browsing is for convenient viewing of the entered drilling data, and supports query and screening by conditions; data modification is used to modify and supplement the entered data.

[0084] Data synchronization module: Data synchronization is mainly divided into automatic synchronization and manual synchronization. Automatic synchronization is to automatically upload data to the server in a Wi-Fi environment to achieve data synchronization; manual synchronization allows manual triggering of data synchronization, which is suitable for situations where the network environment is unstable or batch upload is required; in addition, the data synchronization module also supports breakpoint resumption to prevent data upload failure due to network interruption.

[0085] System settings module: Parameter configuration: allows users to customize APP parameters, such as data synchronization frequency, image compression quality, etc.; Version update: Automatically detect whether there is a new version of the APP and prompt the user to update.

[0086] 2. On-site data collection process Open the APP, automatically locate nearby boreholes according to the location, select the corresponding borehole number for cataloging, or manually select the borehole. Manual selection can be based on the construction site to select the borehole and confirm that the current location is consistent with the target borehole; enter the data collection interface and enter the data item by item according to the borehole data structure standard; after completing the data entry, the APP automatically verifies the data and prompts the user to correct the error; after confirming that the data is correct, click the Submit button, and the APP automatically uploads the data to the server to complete the field data collection.

[0087] Step 4: Build a standard library for drilling data structures In order to provide normalized and standardized data for subsequent borehole data collection, processing, analysis and results expression, it is necessary to build a unified borehole data structure standard library. The borehole data structure standard library specifically includes a stratigraphic age symbol library and a stratigraphic lithology pattern library, which can ensure data consistency, accuracy and interoperability, thereby improving data utilization efficiency and results quality.

[0088] 1. Drilling Data Structure Standard Library The goal of creating a standard library for borehole data structures is to establish a set of standardized, extensible, interoperable and easy-to-manage borehole data description and storage specifications to unify data formats, avoid data ambiguity, facilitate data sharing, and lay a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis and application.

[0089] The borehole data structure standard library mainly includes basic borehole information, borehole stratum lithology information, sampling information, groundwater level information, in-situ test information, drilling original record information, etc. It specifies the name, field type, field length, whether it is required, description, etc. of each information. The key fields of the standard database are described as follows: BoreholeID: A unique coding rule must be used, and it is recommended to include information such as project code, drilling type, and drilling sequence number.

[0090] LayerName: Standardized stratigraphic names must be used, referring to the stratigraphic lithology pattern library.

[0091] Lithology: The description should be detailed, and try to include information such as color, structure, composition, degree of weathering, etc.

[0092] GeologicalAgeCode: A stratigraphic age symbol library must be referenced to ensure standardization of age information.

[0093] TestType: The test type must take a value from the standard list of types.

[0094] SampleID: Sample information is an optional field. If sampling testing is performed, relevant information needs to be filled in.

[0095] Coordinate system: All coordinates must use a unified coordinate system, such as WGS84, CGCS2000, etc.

[0096] Elevation system: All elevations must use a unified elevation system, such as the national elevation datum.

[0097] Data type description: VARCHAR: variable-length character string.

[0098] INT: integer.

[0099] DOUBLE: Double-precision floating point number.

[0100] DATE: date type, the format is YYYY-MM-DD.

[0101] DATETIME: time type, the format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.

[0102] TEXT: long text, used to store large amounts of text information.

[0103] JSON: JSON format is used to store structured data.

[0104] Note: Scalability: When designing data structures, full consideration should be given to scalability, and sufficient extension fields should be reserved to meet the special needs of different engineering projects.

[0105] Standardization: Relevant specifications and standards must be strictly followed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data.

[0106] Integrity: Data integrity must be ensured to avoid data loss or corruption.

[0107] Core photos are stored separately, and an independent core photo information table is defined to manage photos more flexibly.

[0108] The basic drilling information fields are shown in the figure below: Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the drilling formation lithology information field is as follows Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the drilling sampling information field is as follows Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the borehole groundwater level information field is as follows Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the drilling in-situ test information field is as follows Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the original drilling record information field is as follows Fig. 9 shown.

[0109] 2. Stratigraphic age symbol standard library The creation of a standard library of stratigraphic age symbols can establish a standardized and normalized geological age division, naming and symbol representation system, ensure the consistency and accuracy of geological survey data in the time dimension, improve the interoperability and sharing of data between different projects and departments, and provide a reliable time framework basis for the compilation of geological maps, the construction of geological models and engineering geological analysis.

[0110] This standard library refers to the national standard regional geological map legend (GB / T958-2015), combined with industry and enterprise needs, and has sorted out and created a set of stratigraphic age symbol standard libraries. The standard library consists of two libraries, namely the stratigraphic age library and the stratigraphic code library, which realizes the decoupling of the geological time frame and the specific stratigraphic units. The stratigraphic age library is responsible for maintaining the standardized geological age division, and the stratigraphic code library associates these age information with the stratigraphic genetic units (groups, groups, sections) of specific regions, which not only ensures the uniformity of the geological time frame, but also takes into account the differences in stratigraphic divisions in different regions, making the description of geological information more flexible, accurate and standardized. The key fields of this standard database are described as follows: GeologicalAgeID: Uniquely identifies a geological age unit and serves as a database index and associated foreign key.

[0111] Eon: defines the largest geological age unit and describes the highest level of geological time division.

[0112] Era: Defines the next level of geological time unit of the universe and refines the division of geological time.

[0113] Period: The next level of geological time unit defined by the boundary, further refining the division of geological time.

[0114] Epoch: Defines the next level of geological time unit and further divides geological time.

[0115] StratigraphicCodeID (stratigraphic code number): uniquely identifies a stratigraphic code, used for database indexing and drilling data association.

[0116] GeologicalAgeCode: References an ID in a stratigraphic age library, associating a stratigraphic code with a standard geological time frame.

[0117] Supergroup: Defines the highest-level unit of stratigraphic origin, if any.

[0118] Group: Defines the intermediate-level unit of stratigraphic origin, if any.

[0119] Formation: The basic unit that defines the origin of a formation.

[0120] Data type description: VARCHAR: variable-length character string.

[0121] DOUBLE: Double-precision floating point number.

[0122] Among them, the stratigraphic age library information field is shown in the figure below: Fig.10 As shown in the figure, the information field of the stratum code library is as follows Fig.11 shown.

[0123] 3. Stratigraphic lithology pattern standard library Creating a standard library of stratigraphic lithology patterns can establish unified stratigraphic lithology naming rules and pattern filling standards, and realize the normalization and standardization of lithology representation in geological maps, thereby improving the readability, accuracy and aesthetics of drilling column charts and other result maps, and laying the foundation for automated mapping and data sharing.

[0124] This standard library refers to the national standard regional geological map legend (GB / T958-2015), combines the needs of industries and enterprises, and creates a set of stratigraphic lithology pattern standard libraries. The key fields of this standard database are described as follows: LithologyID: Uniquely identifies a lithology, used for database indexing and association.

[0125] LithologyName: Describes the lithology name for easier understanding by users.

[0126] LithologyClass (lithology classification): Lithology is divided into categories such as overburden, sedimentary rock, granite, metamorphic rock, etc. for easy management and statistics.

[0127] PatternFilePAT (pattern file path in .pat format): stores the pattern file path recognizable by CAD software for automatic filling.

[0128] PatternFileIMG (path to a pattern file in picture format): stores the path to a pattern file in picture format, used for general display.

[0129] Data type description: VARCHAR: Variable-length character string.

[0130] DOUBLE: Double-precision floating point number.

[0131] Among them, the stratum lithology pattern information field is shown in the figure below: Fig.12 shown.

[0132] Step 5: Automatically generate drilling histogram results based on the drilling data structure standard library This step uses the standard library of drilling data structure to realize the automatic generation of drilling histograms and provides user-defined functions to meet the needs of different units and projects, and ultimately achieve efficient and standardized output of results. The flowchart of automatically generating histograms is as follows: Fig.13 shown.

[0133] 1. Decomposition of the components of the drilling column chart Decompose the drill column chart elements into the frame part (Layout) and the data part (Data Area), and then combine them for output.

[0134] (1) Layout Definition: Refers to the non-data related components of a bar chart, such as the border, title bar, signature bar, and coordinate axes.

[0135] Template customization: Users can choose a preset frame template or customize a frame template.

[0136] Preset templates: provide a variety of commonly used frame styles to meet different specifications and user needs, such as common A3 templates, A4 templates, and XX unit customized templates.

[0137] Custom templates: Allow users to upload custom drawing frame files (e.g. CAD format) and specify the location and size of key areas (e.g. title block, signature block, drawing area, etc.).

[0138] Parameter configuration: Allows the user to configure the parameters of the frame, such as: Drawing title, project name, survey unit, drawing scale, etc.

[0139] Custom frame template design: Users can design customized frame templates using CAD or other drawing software.

[0140] In places where you need to automatically fill in database information, use pre-defined special strings as placeholders. For example: Project name: `$[PROJECT_NAME]` Borehole name: `$[BOREHOLE_NAME]` Borehole ID: `$[BOREHOLE_ID]` Orifice elevation: `$[ELEVATION]` Surveying Company: `$[INVESTIGATION_COMPANY]` And so on, you can define more placeholders as needed.

[0141] Make sure the placeholder is unique to avoid confusion with other text content. It is recommended to use special characters (such as `$`, `[]`) to wrap keywords.

[0142] Frame template analysis: The program needs to be able to read the drawing frame file uploaded by the user (for example: CAD format) and parse the text objects therein.

[0143] Identifies whether a text object contains predefined placeholders.

[0144] Data auto-fill: If a placeholder is identified, the corresponding data is read from the structured borehole data center and the placeholder is replaced with the actual data value. For example: If the text object is `$[PROJECT_NAME]`, the project name is read from the database, such as "XX Highway Project", and the text object is replaced with "XX Highway Project".

[0145] If the text object is `$[BOREHOLE_ID]`, the drill hole number is read from the database, for example "ZK001", and the text object is replaced by "ZK 001".

[0146] For numeric data, formatting can be performed, for example, retaining a few decimal places.

[0147] Supports multiple data types: string, number, date, etc.

[0148] Fonts and styles retained: When replacing a placeholder, try to keep the font, size, color and other styles of the original text object unchanged to ensure the aesthetics of the frame.

[0149] Error handling: If the corresponding data is missing in the database, it can be replaced with a default value or an empty string, and a prompt message will be given.

[0150] If the placeholder format is incorrect, it is ignored and an error message is given.

[0151] (2) Data Area Definition: refers to the information area that is strongly related to stratigraphic stratification, such as stratigraphic lithology, world system group, lithological pattern, lithological sampling rate, RQD, etc. drawn in the column chart.

[0152] Data module: Encapsulate various data types that need to be displayed in the bar chart (such as lithology, depth, SPT hits, water level, etc.) into independent data modules.

[0153] Information type selection: Provides a menu-style data item selection interface, allowing users to select the type of information that needs to be reflected in the bar chart.

[0154] Width limit: Each type of data item has a minimum width and a maximum width limit to ensure the overall aesthetics and readability of the bar chart.

[0155] Type association: Different types of parameters are associated with standard libraries to generate different geological contents. The main standard libraries include lithology pattern library, stratigraphic code library, and stratigraphic age library.

[0156] The specific technical methods for implementation are as follows.

[0157] ①Data module definition and attributes Encapsulate various data types that need to be displayed in the bar chart (such as lithology, depth, SPT hits, water level, etc.) into independent data modules.

[0158] Module Properties: Each data module defines the following properties: Module Type: Identifies the data type of the module, for example: `Lithology` (lithology), `Depth` (depth), `SPT` (standard penetration), `WaterLevel` (water level), etc.

[0159] Module Name: The display name of the module, for example: `lithology column chart`, `depth`, `SPT hits`, `groundwater level`, etc.

[0160] Minimum width (MinWidth): The minimum width of the module in the histogram, in pixels or millimeters.

[0161] Maximum width (MaxWidth): The maximum width of the module in the histogram, in pixels or millimeters.

[0162] Default Width: The default width of the module. When the width is adaptive, it is adjusted based on this width.

[0163] Unit: The unit of data, for example: `meter (m)`, `stroke (N)`, etc.

[0164] Drawing function (DrawFunction): Functions used to draw the module, such as: `DrawLithology`, `DrawDepth`, `DrawSPT`, `DrawWaterLevel`, etc. These functions are responsible for drawing corresponding graphics in the histogram according to the module's data and style.

[0165] DataSource: Specifies the data source of the module, for example: `Borehole.Layers` (stratum information of the borehole), `Borehole.InSituTests` (in-situ test information of the borehole), etc.

[0166] Data module JSON format example: ②User data item selection Menu-style interface: Provides a menu-style interface that displays all available data modules.

[0167] Selection and Sorting: Allows users to select the data modules that need to be displayed in the bar chart and adjust their display order.

[0168] Quantity limit: The program dynamically calculates the maximum number of data modules allowed to be selected based on the size of the drawing frame and prompts it on the interface.

[0169] ③Automatic typesetting logic The schematic diagram of the bar chart automatic typesetting algorithm is as follows Fig.14 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: Calculate the available drawing width: read the width of the drawing area in the drawing frame template and subtract the reserved margin to get the total width available for typesetting the data module.

[0170] Initial width allocation: Sets the width of each selected data module to its `DefaultWidth` value.

[0171] Calculate the sum of the default widths of all data modules (TotalDefaultWidth).

[0172] Width adaptive adjustment: Case 1: Insufficient total width (TotalDefaultWidth < available drawing width): Calculate the remaining width (RemainWidth = available drawing width - TotalDefaultWidth).

[0173] The remaining width is allocated to each data module in a certain ratio. The allocation ratio can be adjusted according to the importance of the data type. For example, the width ratio of the lithology column can be set higher, and the width ratio of the depth information can be set lower.

[0174] Make sure each module's adjusted width does not exceed its `MaxWidth` value. If it does, set its width to `MaxWidth` and continue to distribute the remaining width to other modules.

[0175] Case 2: Total width exceeded (TotalDefaultWidth > available drawing width): Calculate the exceeding width (ExceedingWidth = TotalDefaultWidth - available drawing width).

[0176] Subtract a portion of the width of each data module according to a certain ratio. The reduction ratio can be adjusted according to the importance of the data type. For example, the ratio of depth information can be set higher and the ratio of lithology column chart can be set lower.

[0177] Make sure each module's adjusted width does not fall below its MinWidth value. If it does, set its width to MinWidth and add the subtracted width back from other modules.

[0178] User Tips: If after adjustments, all data modules still cannot be placed in the drawing area, a clear prompt message will be given, suggesting that the user delete some data modules or select a larger drawing frame.

[0179] 2. Intelligent matching of drawing parameters Intelligent matching of drawing parameters automatically calculates and allocates the width of each data module in the bar chart according to the frame size, the data module selected by the user, and the predefined data module properties (MinWidth, MaxWidth, DefaultWidth), ensuring that all modules can be reasonably displayed in the limited drawing area.

[0180] (1) Input parameters AvailableWidth (Available drawing width): The width of the drawing area parsed from the frame template, the actual available width after deducting the margin, in pixels or millimeters.

[0181] SelectedModules (list of data modules selected by the user): contains all data module objects selected by the user. Each module object contains the following properties: `ModuleType` (module type): identifies the data type of the module (for example: "Lithology", "Depth", "SPT"); `ModuleName` (module name): the display name of the module; `MinWidth` (minimum width): the minimum width allowed by the module; `MaxWidth` (maximum width): the maximum width allowed by the module; `DefaultWidth` (default width): module default width, initial allocation basis; WidthPriority (width priority, optional): A dictionary or list that defines the priority order of different module types, used to determine which modules are scaled or stretched first when the width is adjusted. For example: `{"Lithology": 3, "Depth": 1, "SPT": 2}`, the larger the value, the higher the priority.

[0182] WidthWeight (optional): A dictionary or list that defines the width adjustment weights for different module types, used to determine the scaling or stretching ratio of each module during width adjustment. For example: `{"Lithology": 0.6, "Depth": 0.2, "SPT": 0.2}`, and the sum of all weights should be 1.

[0183] (2) Algorithm steps Step 1: Initialize the width: Assign an initial width to each `SelectedModule`, and the initial width is equal to its `DefaultWidth`.

[0184] Calculate the total initial width of all data modules to be drawn in the drawing area: `TotalWidth = Sum(Module.DefaultWidth for Module in SelectedModules)`.

[0185] Step 2: Determine if the width exceeds / falls short and make adjustments: If `TotalWidth > AvailableWidth` (total width exceeds): Execute the width reduction process.

[0186] If `TotalWidth < AvailableWidth` (total width is insufficient): Execute the width stretching process.

[0187] If `TotalWidth == AvailableWidth` (total width is exactly right): No adjustment is needed, end the process.

[0188] Step 3: Width reduction process (when the total width exceeds the available width): 3.1 Calculate the exceeding width value: `ExceedingWidth = TotalWidth - AvailableWidth`.

[0189] 3.2 Determine the reduction order: If `WidthPriority` is defined, reduce in ascending order of priority.

[0190] If `WidthPriority` is not defined, reduce in the order in which the modules appear in the `SelectedModules` list.

[0191] 3.3 Loop through and reduce: Process each module in turn according to the reduction order.

[0192] Calculate the maximum width that the current module can be reduced to: `ReducibleWidth = Module.DefaultWidth - Module.MinWidth`.

[0193] if `ExceedingWidth <= ReducibleWidth`: Reduce the width of the current module by `ExceedingWidth`, that is, `Module.Width = Module.DefaultWidth - ExceedingWidth`.

[0194] Set ExceedingWidth to 0 to end the reduction process.

[0195] Otherwise (if `ExceedingWidth > ReducibleWidth`): Reduce the width of the current module to `MinWidth`, that is, `Module.Width = Module.MinWidth`.

[0196] Update ExceedingWidth = ExceedingWidth - ReducibleWidth and proceed to the next module.

[0197] 3.4 Forced adjustment (if after all modules are reduced, `ExceedingWidth` is still greater than 0): This means that even if all modules are reduced to the minimum width, the requirements cannot be met.

[0198] The following strategies can be adopted at this time: According to a certain ratio, the width of each module is reduced again until `ExceedingWidth` is equal to 0. However, it should be noted that this may cause the width of some modules to be less than `MinWidth`, which requires special processing (for example: hiding modules, displaying ellipsis, etc.).

[0199] Provide clear error prompts to inform users that they need to reduce the number of selected data modules or select a larger drawing frame.

[0200] Step 4: Width stretching process (when the total width is less than the available width): 4.1 You need to calculate the remaining width value: `RemainingWidth = AvailableWidth - TotalWidth`.

[0201] 4.2 Determine the stretching order: If `WidthPriority` is defined, stretching is done in descending order of priority.

[0202] If `WidthPriority` is not defined, modules are stretched in the order they appear in the `SelectedModules` list.

[0203] 4.3 Cyclic stretching: Process each module in turn, following the stretching order.

[0204] Calculate the maximum width that the current module can stretch: `ExtendableWidth = Module.MaxWidth - Module.DefaultWidth`.

[0205] If `RemainingWidth<= ExtendableWidth`: Stretch the width of the current module by `RemainingWidth`, that is, `Module.Width = Module.DefaultWidth + RemainingWidth`.

[0206] Set `RemainingWidth` to 0 to end the stretching process.

[0207] Otherwise (if `RemainingWidth > ExtendableWidth`): Stretch the width of the current module to `MaxWidth`, that is, `Module.Width = Module.MaxWidth`.

[0208] Update RemainingWidth = RemainingWidth - ExtendableWidth and continue with the next module.

[0209] 4.4 Automatic filling (if after all modules are stretched, `RemainingWidth` is still greater than 0): If all modules have reached their maximum width but there is still space left, you can add blank space between modules to make the overall width equal to `AvailableWidth`, making the entire graphic more beautiful Distribute the remaining width evenly to the gap between each data module. Calculation method: `ModuleGap = RemainingWidth / (len(SelectedModules) -1)` 3. Scale-based depth adaptation This method automatically calculates the number of histogram sheets according to the total depth of the borehole, the automatic matching scale or the user-defined scale, and arranges each sheet in sequence according to the layout requirements, and finally generates a complete and continuous histogram result.

[0210] The specific implementation technical solution is as follows.

[0211] (1) Input parameters: TotalDepth (total drilling depth): The unit is meter.

[0212] PageHeight (effective drawing height of the drawing): the unit is millimeter.

[0213] AvailableScales (list of available scales): for example, [100, 150, 200,], which means 1:100, 1:150, 1:200.

[0214] (2) Algorithm steps: Step 1: Screen feasible scales (completed with a single image): Traverse the AvailableScales list, filter out the scales that meet the following conditions, and store them in the SinglePageScales list: When using this scale, the maximum depth of a single image is >= the total drilling depth.

[0215] Calculation formula: MaxDepth = PageHeight / 1000 * Scale Step 2: If there is a feasible scale (SinglePageScales is not null): Step 2.1: Select the largest scale: Select the largest scale from the SinglePageScales list as the optimal scale.

[0216] Step 3: If no feasible scale exists (SinglePageScales is empty): Step 3.1: Calculate the number of images corresponding to each scale: Traverse the AvailableScales list and calculate the number of sheets required for each scale.

[0217] Calculation formula: NumPages = round up (TotalDepth / (PageHeight / 1000 *Scale)) Store the scale and the corresponding number of pages in a dictionary or list, for example: ScalePageMap = {100:3, 150:2, 200:2, 250:1, 500:1} Step 3.2: Select the scale with the smallest number of sheets: Find the value MinPages with the minimum number of scale pages from ScalePageMap.

[0218] Create a new list MinPageScales to store all scales whose number of pages is equal to MinPages.

[0219] Step 3.3: If there are multiple scales with the minimum number of pages (MinPageScales length > 1): Select the largest scale from the MinPageScales list as the optimal scale. (A larger scale means a smaller scale value and more detailed drawings.) Step 3.4: Otherwise (MinPageScales length == 1): The only scale in MinPageScales is the optimal scale.

[0220] Step 4: Return the result: If an optimal scale is found, that scale is returned.

[0221] Otherwise, None is returned, indicating that no suitable scale was found.

[0222] (3) Automatic arrangement of multiple images Determine the layout method: Select the appropriate layout method according to actual needs: Vertical arrangement: Arrange multiple images vertically in sequence, which is suitable for situations where continuous depth information needs to be displayed.

[0223] Horizontal arrangement: Arrange multiple images horizontally in sequence. This is suitable for situations where there are a small number of images.

[0224] Coordinate calculation: According to the selected layout method, the coordinate position of each map in the final output result is automatically calculated.

[0225] Vertical arrangement: The X coordinates of each map are the same, and the Y coordinates decrease in sequence, with the decrease amount being the height of the map plus a certain spacing.

[0226] Horizontal arrangement: The Y coordinates of each map are the same, and the X coordinates increase in sequence. The increment is the width of the map plus a certain spacing.

[0227] Overall centering: Center the spliced ​​bar chart in the output area to ensure aesthetics.

[0228] (IV) Automatic bar chart generation process The automatic bar chart generation process first reads the structured drilling data and the user-defined frame template, then intelligently selects the scale and calculates the number of sheets according to the drilling depth, and then cyclically draws the bar chart content of each sheet, including lithology, depth, pattern and other information, and finally arranges all sheets in order to form a complete bar chart result.

[0229] The specific implementation technical solution is as follows.

[0230] Step 1: Read data: Read the data of the specified borehole from the structured borehole data center, including basic borehole information, formation information, test data, etc.

[0231] Read the frame template and parameter settings selected by the user.

[0232] Step 2: Calculate the number of images: The number of sheets required is calculated based on the total drilling depth and the scale selected by the user.

[0233] Step 3: Loop through each image: According to the number of sheets, the following operations are performed in a loop: Create a new drawing.

[0234] Draw the drawing frame and fill in relevant information (drawing title, project name, etc.).

[0235] Calculate the starting depth and ending depth of the current drawing.

[0236] Based on the data items selected by the user, information such as stratum lithology, test data, etc. are drawn in the drawing area.

[0237] Automatically annotate depth information, lithology name, stratigraphic age, etc.

[0238] Different drawing methods are used for different data types: Stratigraphic lithology: Obtain the corresponding pattern from the lithology pattern standard library according to the lithology code and fill it in.

[0239] Test data: Draw the corresponding curve according to the test type.

[0240] Groundwater level: Mark the groundwater level.

[0241] Step 4: Output: The generated multiple bar charts are spliced ​​together to form a complete bar chart result.

[0242] Export results to multiple formats, such as CAD, PDF, images, etc.

[0243] Step 6: 3D display of drilling results and application scenarios This step uses the 3D visualization capability of the BIM+GIS platform to display the structured drilling data in an intuitive and interactive way, making it easier for users to understand the geological conditions from a 3D perspective and conduct auxiliary analysis.

[0244] 1.3D visualization of drilling The core goal of this module is to convert the drilling data stored in the database into intuitive three-dimensional graphics and display them in the BIM+GIS three-dimensional scene. At the same time, the detailed data information is associated with the three-dimensional graphics to achieve interactive query and analysis.

[0245] (1) Data acquisition and conversion Database connection: Use a database connection library (e.g., `psycopg2` for PostgreSQL, `pymysql` for MySQL in Python) to establish a connection to the database where the drill hole data is stored.

[0246] Connection information includes database type, server address, port number, user name, password, database name, etc.

[0247] Data query: Write SQL query statements to retrieve the drilling data that needs to be visualized in 3D from the database. The query statements need to be adjusted according to the specific database table structure.

[0248] The data to be queried should include: Basic drilling information: drilling number, X coordinate, Y coordinate, Z coordinate (hole mouth elevation), drilling depth.

[0249] Stratigraphic information: layer number, layer top depth, layer bottom depth, stratigraphic code, lithology description, etc.

[0250] If needed, other relevant data can also be queried, such as in-situ test results, sampling information, etc.

[0251] Data conversion: Convert the data retrieved from the database into a data structure that can be processed by the program.

[0252] For example, convert the data into a dictionary or object in Python and perform necessary data type conversion (for example, converting a string to a numeric value).

[0253] (2) 3D drilling drawing 3D engine selection: Select a suitable 3D rendering engine to create and manage 3D scenes. Commonly used 3D engines include: Cesium: Suitable for large-scale geographic scenes and supports various GIS data formats.

[0254] Jingtian Road Map: It has rich BIM+GIS integration capabilities, and has good rendering effects and interactivity.

[0255] Coordinate system conversion: Make sure the coordinate system of the drilling data is consistent with the coordinate system of the 3D scene. If not, coordinate system conversion is required.

[0256] Drilling geometry creation: For each drilled hole, create a 3D cylinder object.

[0257] Parameter settings of the cylinder: Position: The center coordinates of the top surface of the cylinder are set as the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the drilling hole.

[0258] Height: The height of the cylinder is set to the depth of the drilled hole.

[0259] Radius: The radius of the cylinder is set to a small value, such as 0.5m or 1m, to avoid obstructing other drill holes.

[0260] Number of segments: controls the smoothness of the cylinder. The larger the number of segments, the smoother the cylinder.

[0261] Strata color separation drawing: Traverse the stratigraphic information of the borehole and set different colors for each stratigraphic section according to the stratigraphic code or lithology type.

[0262] A set of color schemes are predefined to map different formation types to different colors.

[0263] For each stratigraphic segment, a new cylinder object is created with a position and height corresponding to the depth range of the stratigraphic segment and a color set to the color of the stratigraphic segment.

[0264] Combine the cylinder objects for all stratigraphic segments into a single whole as a visual representation of the borehole.

[0265] (3) Effect rendering Lighting settings: Set the lighting effects of the 3D scene to enhance the realism of the scene.

[0266] You can set various types of light sources such as ambient light, directional light, point light, etc.

[0267] Adjust the color, intensity, position and other parameters of the light source to achieve the best visual effect.

[0268] Texture Maps (optional): Add texture maps to the drilled cylinder and terrain surface, such as rock textures, to improve the realism of the scene.

[0269] You can use pre-prepared texture images or procedurally generated textures.

[0270] (4) Data hooking Object identification, set a unique identifier for each drilled cylinder object, such as the drill hole number; Associating the identifier with a primary key of the drill hole data in a database; Event monitoring, monitoring mouse click events or other interactive events.

[0271] When the user clicks on a drill cylinder, get the identifier of that object.

[0272] (II) 3D interactive viewing of drilling This module provides a variety of interactive methods, allowing users to easily view and analyze borehole data in a three-dimensional scene, including detailed information viewing of a single borehole, viewing of stratigraphic distribution on a specified section, and filtering and selecting boreholes according to specific conditions.

[0273] (1) Drillhole Inspection ①Interaction method: Mouse click: Users can use the mouse to click the drilled cylinder in the 3D scene to trigger information display.

[0274] Hover highlight: When the mouse hovers over a drill hole, the drill hole is highlighted, prompting the user to click it.

[0275] ②Information presentation: The information panel is presented and an information panel (InfoWindow) is popped up to display the detailed information of the drill hole.

[0276] Basic information: drilling number, coordinates, hole mouth elevation, hole opening time, hole completion time, etc.

[0277] Stratigraphic information: Display stratigraphic information layer by layer in the form of a table or list.

[0278] The displayed fields include layer number, layer top depth, layer bottom depth, formation name, lithology description, formation age code, etc.

[0279] Color coding can be used to distinguish different formation types with different colors.

[0280] In-situ testing information: Displays the test results of the in-situ test.

[0281] If there are multiple test results, they can be presented in a table or list format.

[0282] Display fields include test type, test depth, original blows, corrected blows, rod length correction factor, etc.

[0283] Sampling Information: Displays the sample number, type, sampling depth, etc.

[0284] If there are multiple samples, they can be presented in a table or list format.

[0285] Groundwater level: Displays the depth of groundwater level.

[0286] Displays the measurement time.

[0287] Tooltip: When the mouse hovers over an area, a simple tooltip is displayed, such as only showing the drilling number and depth.

[0288] (2) Cross-Section View ① Section path definition Select the section creation method: The user selects a section creation method on the interface, for example: Mouse Drawing; Import Path File; Follow existing BIM object (Follow BIM Object).

[0289] Perform corresponding operations based on the selected creation method: If you select Draw with Mouse: Listen for mouse click events and record the coordinates of the point where the user clicks.

[0290] Connect these points into a path. The path can be a straight line, a polyline, or a curve, depending on the actual needs. You can use spline curves to smooth the path.

[0291] The drawn path is displayed in real time and allows users to modify it at any time.

[0292] If you select Import Path File: A file selection dialog box pops up, allowing the user to select the path file to be imported (for example: CAD file, KML file, etc.).

[0293] Parse the imported file and extract the path information.

[0294] The extracted path information is displayed in a three-dimensional scene.

[0295] If you select Along existing BIM objects: Allows users to select a BIM object (e.g. road, pipeline, wall, etc.) in a 3D scene.

[0296] The geometric information of the object is extracted from the BIM model as a section path.

[0297] The extracted path information is displayed in a three-dimensional scene.

[0298] Path Editing (optional): Provides path editing tools to allow users to modify created paths.

[0299] Allows users to add, delete, move nodes, and adjust the shape of the section.

[0300] Provides a smoothing function that allows users to smooth section lines.

[0301] Confirm the profile path: The user confirms that the drawing is complete.

[0302] ②Definition of section range Set the horizontal projection range: Provides a numeric input box that allows the user to enter a value for the horizontal projection range.

[0303] The horizontal projection range refers to the horizontal distance on both sides of the section line, usually in meters.

[0304] This value determines which drill holes will be projected onto the profile.

[0305] To set the vertical extent: Specify the vertical range to set the height range for the profile view.

[0306] ③Data extraction and projection Get all drilling data: Read all the borehole data from the database, including borehole number, coordinates, depth, formation information, etc.

[0307] Calculate the distance from the drill hole to the profile path: For each drill hole, calculate its distance to the profile path.

[0308] If the profile path is a curve, you need to discretize the curve into a series of line segments, then calculate the distance from the drill hole to each line segment, and select the shortest distance as the final distance.

[0309] Filter Projection Drilling: According to the horizontal projection range set by the user, the drill holes to be projected to the profile are selected.

[0310] Only drill holes whose distance to the section path is less than or equal to the projection extent are retained.

[0311] Calculate the projected position: For each drill hole that needs to be projected, calculate its projection position on the cross-section diagram.

[0312] Find the projection point of the borehole on the profile path. The projection point is located on the profile path, and the line connecting the projection point and the borehole is perpendicular to the profile path.

[0313] X coordinate of the projection point: the distance from the starting point of the section along the section line to the projection point.

[0314] The Z coordinate of the projection point: the ground surface elevation obtained from the DEM data at the projection point Use the coordinate conversion formula to convert the three-dimensional world coordinates into the two-dimensional coordinates of the cross-section.

[0315] ④Drawing of cross-section diagram Create a section plot object: Create a new profile object to store various information of the profile.

[0316] A profile object can contain the following properties: Section path: a set of coordinate points of the section line.

[0317] Projected Drill Holes: List of drill holes that need to be projected onto the profile.

[0318] Horizontal projection range: the horizontal projection range of the section.

[0319] Scale: Display scale of the section view.

[0320] Draw the ground line: Extract elevation information on the profile line based on terrain data (such as DEM).

[0321] Convert the extracted elevation information into coordinate points on the profile.

[0322] Use line segments to connect these coordinate points and draw the ground line.

[0323] Draw a drilled histogram: Traverse the boreholes that need to be projected onto the profile and draw a histogram of the boreholes at the calculated projection positions.

[0324] Based on the lithology information, layered lines are used to represent different lithologies.

[0325] Add auxiliary information: Add scale, coordinate axis, legend and other information to the profile. (3) Filter View ①Filter condition setting: Provides multiple filter conditions, allowing users to filter drill holes according to specific attribute values: Drilling properties: For example, drilling type, drilling depth, drilling time, etc.

[0326] Stratigraphic attributes: for example, stratigraphic age code, lithology type, etc.

[0327] Test results: For example: SPT blow count range, moisture content range, etc.

[0328] ②Filtering method: Support multiple filtering methods: Attribute Value Selection: Allows the user to select specific attribute values, for example: only display drill holes with a drill hole type of "exploration hole".

[0329] Value range setting: allows the user to set the value range, for example: only display the boreholes with a depth between 10 meters and 20 meters.

[0330] Keyword search: allows users to enter keywords, for example, if you enter "clay", only drill holes containing the lithology "clay" will be displayed ③Filter results show: Hide: Hide the drill holes that do not meet the filtering conditions and only display the drill holes that meet the conditions.

[0331] Highlight: Highlight the boreholes that meet the filter conditions to distinguish them from other boreholes.

[0332] Statistics: Displays the number of drill holes that meet the filter criteria on the interface.

[0333] (III) Application scenarios of drilling results Building digital and structured drilling results is not only to improve exploration efficiency, but more importantly, to lay a solid data foundation for subsequent engineering applications. The following are some of the main application scenarios: (1) 3D Geological Modeling: Application description: 3D geological modeling uses structured drilling data to construct a visual 3D geological model, which can intuitively display the stratigraphic structure, lithology distribution, faults, folds and other geological structures, thereby assisting geological analysis and engineering decision-making.

[0334] Specific implementation: Read structured borehole data through geological modeling software, use Kriging interpolation and other algorithms to create a continuous stratigraphic surface, and perform three-dimensional filling based on the borehole lithology information to construct a three-dimensional geological body containing stratigraphic, lithology and structural information, and finally realize model visualization and interaction on the BIM+GIS platform.

[0335] Value manifestation: The three-dimensional geological model can provide accurate geological basis for engineering design, reveal geological laws more intuitively, assist in geological disaster risk assessment, underground space development and utilization, and engineering scheme demonstration under complex geological conditions.

[0336] (2) Bearing Stratum Selection: Application description: The foundation bearing layer selection uses structured drilling data, combined with the foundation bearing capacity calculation formula and engineering experience, to automatically recommend the stratum that meets the bearing capacity requirements as the foundation bearing layer, reduce the subjectivity of manual judgment, and improve the efficiency and safety of foundation design.

[0337] Specific implementation: The system selects potential bearing layers based on drilling data, then reads geotechnical parameters, geological age and other information, automatically calculates the bearing capacity based on the foundation bearing capacity calculation formula, and compares it with the set safety factor, and selects the stratum that meets the requirements as the recommended bearing layer.

[0338] Value manifestation: Automated bearing layer selection can speed up the design process, avoid omissions that may be caused by manual selection, and provide a scientific basis for subsequent foundation treatment plans, thereby effectively reducing the risk of foundation design and ensuring project safety.

[0339] (3) Ground Improvement Optimization: Application description: The foundation treatment scheme optimization is based on structured drilling data and combined with the foundation treatment method database to recommend appropriate foundation treatment schemes for different geological conditions and provide economically feasible foundation treatment strategies for engineering construction under complex geological conditions.

[0340] Specific implementation: The system reads structured drilling data, automatically evaluates the bearing capacity, settlement, stability and other indicators of the foundation, and then matches these indicators with the applicable conditions in the foundation treatment method database, recommends one or more applicable foundation treatment solutions, and sorts and screens them according to the project characteristics.

[0341] Value manifestation: This application can effectively avoid blindly selecting foundation treatment methods and provide engineers with a variety of alternative plans. Under the premise of ensuring project safety, it can reduce foundation treatment costs and improve the overall benefits of the project.

[0342] (4) Quantity Takeoff: Application description: The engineering quantity calculation constructs a three-dimensional geological model through structured drilling data, and superimposes the design drawings (BIM models) on it to realize the automatic calculation of engineering quantities such as earth excavation, backfilling, and foundation treatment, providing accurate data support for engineering cost.

[0343] Specific implementation: The system converts structured drilling data into a three-dimensional geological model, and then spatially superimposes it with the BIM model, analyzes the relationship between the designed excavation surface and the geological model, automatically calculates the volume, area and other parameters of various earth and stone works, and generates a detailed bill of quantities.

[0344] Value manifestation: This application can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of engineering quantity calculation, effectively avoid errors caused by manual calculation, and provide a reliable basis for engineering cost, thereby improving the level of refinement of project management.

[0345] (5) Settlement Prediction and Deformation Analysis: Application description: Settlement prediction and deformation analysis use structured drilling data combined with numerical calculation methods (such as finite element analysis) to predict the settlement and deformation of buildings under load, providing a scientific basis for foundation stability assessment and deformation control.

[0346] Specific implementation: The system uses structured drilling data to construct a refined foundation model, then imports the load information of the building, uses finite element analysis software to calculate, simulates the settlement and deformation of the foundation under different loads, and generates settlement curves and deformation diagrams.

[0347] Value manifestation: This application can effectively predict the settlement, settlement rate and differential settlement of the foundation, evaluate the stability of the foundation, and provide a basis for the design and optimization of foundation treatment solutions, thereby preventing structural damage caused by settlement.

[0348] (6) Slope Stability Assessment: Application description: Slope stability evaluation combines structured drilling data and terrain data to quantitatively analyze the stability of the slope, assess the risk of geological disasters such as landslides, provide a basis for slope support design, and ensure the safe operation of highway projects.

[0349] Specific implementation: The system first uses structured drilling data to construct a three-dimensional geological model of the slope, and then combines it with terrain data to calculate the slope's slope gradient, slope height and other parameters, and performs mechanical analysis to obtain the stability safety factor of the slope under different working conditions.

[0350] Value manifestation: Provide engineers with detailed geological information, mechanical parameters, stability analysis results, and the best safety factor and protection plan.

[0351] Example 3 This embodiment provides a drilling full-process digital management system based on BIM+GIS technology, which is characterized by including the following modules: Three-dimensional environment module: used for importing and registering the BIM model, the GIS data and the geological basic data to generate the three-dimensional visualization environment; Rule storage module: used to store the requirements related to drilling layout in the national engineering survey standards, and store the data structure standard library of the actual drilling, the stratigraphic age symbol library and the stratigraphic lithology pattern library; Mobile acquisition module: integrating OCR technology and structured verification to collect and verify the actual drilling data; Histogram generation module: parses the custom template, dynamically typesets the lithology histogram module, the SPB module and the groundwater level module, and fills in lithology patterns; Visualization analysis module: displays the drilling model in the three-dimensional visualization environment, and supports click query, profile generation and data filtering functions; Data center module: manages the actual drilling data based on a relational database and provides an API interface to interact with external systems.

Claims

1. A drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Build a 3D visualization environment by combining BIM model, GIS data and geological basic data; S2, based on the three-dimensional visualization environment constructed in S1 and in combination with national engineering survey standards, drilling layout is performed, and actual drilling operation is performed according to the drilling layout; S3. Based on the mobile terminal program, collect and check the actual drilling data; S4, entering the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling into the drilling data structure standard library; S5, generating a drilling histogram using the drilling data structure standard library; S6. Displaying the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment.

2. According to claim 1, a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology is characterized in that: The basic geological data required in S1 include regional geological maps, structural outline maps, active fault distribution maps and historical drilling data.

3. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling arrangement of S2 is specifically to build an automated drilling arrangement process, including the following steps: S21. Extract the requirements related to drilling layout in the national engineering survey standards, including the requirements for drilling location, drilling depth, drilling quantity, and drilling requirements under special geological conditions; S22, digitizing the requirements related to the drilling layout and inputting them into a rule base; S23, reading the GIS data and the geological basic data, and generating candidate drilling points based on the rule base; S24, optimizing the drilling position of the candidate drilling points by spatial conflict detection and terrain adaptability adjustment, and adjusting the drilling depth based on the rule base to obtain an optimized drilling point; S25, displaying the optimized drilling points in the three-dimensional visualization environment as a preliminary layout plan.

4. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The number of the optimized drilling points is controlled by setting a density threshold, and the optimized drilling points are deleted if the density threshold is exceeded.

5. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The automated drilling layout process also includes manual verification and optimization adjustment.

6. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S3 specifically collects drilling data through a structured data entry interface, and integrates OCR technology to convert drilling record images into structured data. At the same time, the actual drilling data entered is verified in real time, and finally the actual drilling data processed by the mobile terminal program is synchronized to the data center.

7. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling data structure standard library in S4 is for standardizing the drilling layout information and the actual drilling data. The stratigraphic age symbols in the drilling layout information and the actual drilling data are derived from the stratigraphic age symbol library, and the lithological patterns in the drilling layout information and the actual drilling data are derived from the stratigraphic lithological pattern library.

8. According to claim 1, a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology is characterized in that: The S5 generates a borehole column chart, which requires dynamic layout of the lithology column chart module, the standard penetration hits module and the groundwater level module, wherein the width of each module is adjusted according to the priority of the lithology column chart module, the standard penetration hits module and the groundwater level module. If the total width of the module is insufficient, it is stretched to the maximum width according to the importance of the module. If the total width of the module exceeds the limit, it is reduced to the minimum width according to the module priority.

9. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The S6 displays the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment, including a profile analysis and a data filter; The profile analysis generates a geological profile by projecting the drilled strata onto the profile diagram through a custom profile path and combining the topographic data; The data filtering selects and highlights target boreholes by borehole type, depth range or lithology keyword.

10. A digital management system for the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: Three-dimensional environment module: used for importing and registering the BIM model, the GIS data and the geological basic data to generate the three-dimensional visualization environment; Rule storage module: used to store the requirements related to drilling layout in the national engineering survey standards, and store the data structure standard library of the actual drilling, the stratigraphic age symbol library and the stratigraphic lithology pattern library; Mobile acquisition module: integrating OCR technology and structured verification to collect and verify the actual drilling data; Histogram generation module: parses the custom template, dynamically typesets the lithology histogram module, the SPB module and the groundwater level module, and fills in lithology patterns; Visualization analysis module: displays the drilling model in the three-dimensional visualization environment, and supports click query, profile generation and data filtering functions; Data center module: manages the actual drilling data based on a relational database and provides an API interface to interact with external systems.

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