A charging method for internal formation of a traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery

Abstract

The present invention discloses an internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, which relates to the technical field of traction lead-acid batteries. The internal formation charging method for lead-acid batteries provided by the present invention is divided into 33 charge and discharge stages, and the formation charging time is less than 70 h, including 12 charges, 11 discharges, 1 static state, and 1 capacity inspection and matching. Moreover, the amount of electricity charged each time is greater than the amount of electricity discharged subsequently. During the process of the method of the present invention, the charging current is moderate, and the charge and discharge cycle frequency and intensity during the charging process are reasonably designed, which can effectively reduce the concentration polarization phenomenon and reduce the damage to the crystal structure of the active substances on the electrode plates, and can extend the cycle service life of the lead-acid batteries by 21% - 36%. According to the detection in accordance with the national standard GB / T7403.1-2018, the cycle life of the lead-acid batteries by the method of the present invention is greater than 850 times, and the first discharge capacity of the lead-acid batteries is not less than 90%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of traction lead-acid batteries, and particularly to an internal formation charging method for a traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery. Background Art

[0002] Compared with the external formation process of lead-acid batteries, the internal formation process of lead-acid batteries has many advantages. Its process flow simplifies the processes of plate washing, drying, battery supplementary charging, and the processes of loading, welding, and taking out plates in tank formation. A large amount of energy (such as pure water, acid, and electricity), man-hours are saved, the floor area is small, the plates are charged inside the battery, and less acid mist is discharged. There is no need to purchase formation tank equipment and acid mist prevention equipment, and the battery cost can be reduced to a certain extent. The plates are not easily contaminated by impurities, which can reduce the self-discharge of the battery, improve the consistency of the battery, and extend the battery life. Moreover, the internal formation of the battery reduces the emission of waste water and waste gas, thereby reducing environmental pollution. Therefore, the internal formation of lead-acid batteries has been widely promoted at present. However, the internal formation charging process of valve-regulated lead-acid batteries has strict requirements. In order to improve the utilization rate of sites and facilities, some manufacturers shorten the formation charging time, increase the charging current, and without ensuring the cooling system, the lead-acid battery overheats, causing irreversible damage inside. The cycle life of the battery is greatly reduced.

[0003] The patent application with the publication number CN104134826A discloses a charging process for internal formation of a 20AH lead-acid battery with eight charges and seven discharges, including: Step 1: First charge: First, charge the battery with a current of 3.0A for 3h, and then charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 7.5h; Step 2: First discharge: Discharge the battery with a current of 6.0A for 0.5h; Step 3: Second charge: Charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 2.5h; Step 4: Second discharge: Discharge the battery with a current of 6.0A for 1h; Step 5: Third charge: Charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 3h; Step 6: Third discharge: Discharge the battery with a current of 8.0A for 1h; Step 7: Fourth charge: Charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 3.5h; Step 8: Fourth discharge: Discharge the battery with a current of 8.0A for 1h; Step 9: Fifth charge: Charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 4h; Step 10: Fifth discharge: Discharge the battery with a current of 8.0A for 1h 15min; Step 11: Sixth charge: Charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 4h; Step 12: Sixth discharge: Discharge the battery with a current of 8.0A for 1h 15min; Step 13: Seventh charge: First, charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 6h, and then charge the battery with a current of 3A for 4h; Step 14: Seventh discharge: Discharge the battery with a current of 10.0A for 1h 50min; Step 15: Eighth charge: First, charge the battery with a current of 5.0A for 6h, then charge the battery with a current of 2.0A for 5.5h, then charge the battery with a current of 1A for 3h, and finally discharge the battery with a current of 0.2A for 2.5h; Step 16: After waiting for 3h, acid extraction is carried out on the battery with a current of 0.4A, and the acid extraction time is 5h. The charging current of this method is large (0.4C), the charging time is long (70 hours), and it is easy to damage the lead-acid battery.

[0004] For the existing internal formation charging process of traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, the charging time is mostly between 70 and 85 hours, the internal formation charging efficiency is low; the charging rate reaches 7.6 - 10.5 times. The cycle service life of traction batteries is generally about 700 times. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the problem of the short cycle life of traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for internal formation charging of traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, which can improve the cycle service life of lead-acid batteries by 21% - 36%.

[0006] The present invention provides an optimized internal formation process for traction lead-acid batteries by long-term tracking of the relationship between the charging power and the hydrogen evolution electromotive force of the battery, providing the optimal ratio of current intensity to formation time, reducing the occurrence of battery electrolyzed water, and controlling the process water temperature to fully form the electrode plates.

[0007] In this technical solution, C5 refers to the rated capacity at the 5-hour rate, I5 refers to the discharge current at the 5-hour rate, I5 = 0.2C5, and the unit is ampere (A). When current flows through the storage battery, chemical reactions occur at both the positive and negative electrodes. The consumption of reactants causes the ion concentration on and near the surfaces of the positive and negative electrode plates to be somewhat different from the concentration in the original solution, and the resulting potential difference phenomenon is called concentration polarization. Concentration polarization greatly hinders the charging of the storage battery. The theoretical charge for each kilogram of active material of the positive and negative electrode plates to be fully formed is basically between 223.9 A•h and 225.4 A•h. Due to the existence of side reactions during the formation charging process of the green electrode plates, the charge for plate formation is much higher than the theoretical value. The actual formation charge is 1.9 to 3.2 times the theoretical value, and this value depends on the thickness of the electrode plate, the composition of the cured lead paste, the particle size of the constituent particles of different phases, and the constant current and constant voltage methods for charging and formation.

[0008] The internal formation charging method for the lead-acid battery provided by the present invention is divided into 33 charge and discharge stages, and the formation charging time is less than 70 h, including 12 charges, 11 discharges, 1 static state, and 1 capacity inspection and matching. Moreover, the charge input each time is greater than the charge discharged subsequently, where the maximum charging current is 1.36I5 (0.30C5), and the minimum charging current is 0.01 - 0.015I5 (0.002 - 0.003C5).

[0009] During the formation process, the formation current is an important process parameter. The magnitude of the formation current has a greater impact on the formation efficiency, formation cost, and formation quality of the electrode plates. If the formation current is too large, it will lead to an increase in electrode polarization, an excessive rise in voltage, and too fast gas evolution. On the one hand, it may cause the active material of the electrode plate to become loose or fall off. On the other hand, it will reduce the current efficiency, increase energy consumption, and at the same time, the temperature rise of the electrolyte will also become faster. When the formation current is too small, the current density decreases, and the formation charge is insufficient, resulting in incomplete formation of the electrode plates.

[0010] An internal formation charging method for a traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0011] (1) Pre-charging stage

[0012] S1: Charge with a current of 0.08 - 0.12C5A for 0.5 h,

[0013] S2: Discharge with a current of 0.10 - 0.20C5A for 0.05 h;

[0014] (2)Three-gradient upflow charging

[0015] S3: Charge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 0.5 h,

[0016] S4: Charge at a current of 0.15 - 0.18 C5A for 3 - 3.5 h,

[0017] S5: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h;

[0018] (3)Five-cycle charge and discharge

[0019] S6: Discharge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 0.1 h,

[0020] S7: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h,

[0021] S8: Discharge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 0.5 h,

[0022] S9: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h,

[0023] S10: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h,

[0024] S11: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h,

[0025] S12: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h,

[0026] S13: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 - 5 h,

[0027] S14: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h,

[0028] S15: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 - 5 h,

[0029] S16: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h;

[0030] (4)Four-gradient downflow charge and discharge

[0031] S17: Charge at a current of 0.15 - 0.18 C5A for 3 h,

[0032] S18: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h,

[0033] S19: Charge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 2 h,

[0034] S20: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.2 h,

[0035] S21: Charge at a current of 0.08 - 0.12 C5A for 3 h,

[0036] S22: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.1 h,

[0037] S23: Charge at a current of 0.03 - 0.05 C5A for 3 h;

[0038] (5) Standstill

[0039] S24: Stand still for 1 h;

[0040] (6) Capacity detection and grouping

[0041] S25: Discharge at a current of 0.20 C5A for 4 h 58 min,

[0042] S26: Discharge at a current of 0.20 C5A for 0 - 20 min, and classify according to the cut-off voltage;

[0043] (7) Gradient descent constant current and limited voltage charging

[0044] S27: Charge at a current of 0.25 - 0.30 C5A for 3 h,

[0045] S28: Charge at a current of 0.19 - 0.22 C5A for 2 - 3 h,

[0046] S29: Charge at a current of 0.15 - 0.18 C5A for 2 - 3 h,

[0047] S30: Charge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 1 - 3 h,

[0048] S31: Charge at a current of 0.06 - 0.08 C5A for 1 h,

[0049] S32: Charge at a current of 0.03 - 0.04 C5A for 2.5 - 3 h;

[0050] (8) Floating charge and acid extraction

[0051] S33: Charge at a current of 0.002 - 0.003 C5A for 4 h for acid extraction, and stop charging after acid extraction is completed.

[0052] Among them, in step (1), at the beginning, the internal resistance between the grid and the active material is large, the conductivity of the battery plate is very poor, and the internal resistance of the battery is large. A small current is used to form a conductive active material between the positive and negative grids and the corrosion layer, and between the corrosion layer and the active material. If the current is too large, on the one hand, an oxide layer will be formed between the grid and the corrosion layer, increasing the internal resistance between the grid and the active material; on the other hand, too large a current will cause serious heating, increasing the stress between the grid and the active material, and increasing the risk of the active material detaching from the grid during later cycles.

[0053] Step (2): The lead-acid battery undergoes three gradient up-current charges, which increases the battery's acceptability and can significantly reduce the damage to the battery plates by a large current. After the gradient up-current charge, the cyclic charge and discharge in step (3) are carried out to fully reduce or even eliminate the polarization of the battery during the electroforming process.

[0054] Step (3): Cyclic charge and discharge: One charge and one discharge form a charge-discharge cycle. In each charge-discharge cycle, the charge amount is greater than the discharge amount; when charged to a certain voltage (close to the gas evolution point voltage of the battery), then start to discharge, and the depth of cyclic discharge gradually increases with the increase of the charged amount. After five charge-discharge cycles, transfer to the next step.

[0055] Step (4): Gradient down-current charging can preferentially reduce the damage to the battery by the current in the later stage of charging.

[0056] Step (5): Battery standing can help the internal chemical reaction of the battery reach equilibrium, improve the charging efficiency and reduce the battery polarization phenomenon. The hydrogen and oxygen generated by the internal chemical reaction of the battery have time to recombine and be absorbed, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the battery, enabling the next round of constant current charging to proceed more smoothly, and enabling the battery to absorb more power.

[0057] Step (6): Capacity detection and matching (battery matching consistency requirements)

[0058] In step S26, grading is carried out according to the termination voltage (for 12V series batteries):

[0059] Grade 0: 10.10 - 10.27V;

[0060] Grade 1: 10.28 - 10.43V;

[0061] Grade 2: 10.44 - 10.58V;

[0062] Grade 3: 10.59 - 10.72V;

[0063] Grade 4: 10.73 - 10.84V;

[0064] Grade 5: 10.85 - 10.95V;

[0065] For 6th gear: 10.96~11.05V;

[0066] For 7th gear: 11.06~11.14V;

[0067] For 8th gear: 11.15~11.22V;

[0068] For 9th gear: 11.23~11.28V;

[0069] For 10th gear: 11.29~11.33V;

[0070] After grading, grouping is carried out. The grouping is carried out according to the open-circuit voltage ≥ 13.05V and the open-circuit voltage difference ≤ 0.02V.

[0071] Preferably, the batteries with the cut-off voltage < 10.10V or the cut-off voltage > 11.33V are returned to step S17 for recharging, regrading and regrouping.

[0072] Preferably, during the internal formation charging process, the charging current fluctuation is controlled within ±0.3%A, and the discharging current fluctuation is controlled within ±0.3%A.

[0073] Preferably, the internal formation charging amount is 6.70~7.20 times the rated capacity of the lead-acid battery.

[0074] Preferably, the total time of internal formation charging is 64~70 hours.

[0075] Preferably, the limiting voltage in step (7) is 16.1V. After the inspection in step (7) is completed, charging is carried out at a constant current and a limited voltage (16.1V) to increase the depth of internal formation, fully activate the battery potential and extend the battery service life.

[0076] Preferably, the internal formation charging method for the traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery of the present invention further includes adding acid: the lead-acid battery is subjected to vacuum acid filling, and the internal formation lead-acid battery filled with the formation electrolyte is transferred to a cooling water tank with a cooling circulating water within 10~15 minutes, the lead-acid battery is connected to the charger and prepared for internal formation, and when the temperature of the lead-acid battery drops below 40°C, the internal formation charging is started.

[0077] Preferably, the concentration of the formation electrolyte at 25°C is 1.195g ± 0.005g / mL.

[0078] When the concentration of sulfuric acid electrolyte in a lead-acid battery increases, the self-discharge phenomenon of the battery will be significantly enhanced, and the corrosion degree of the grid will also accelerate, which will accelerate the shedding of the active substance lead dioxide on the electrode plate. As the concentration of sulfuric acid electrolyte in the lead-acid battery increases, it will ultimately lead to a reduction in the number of battery usage cycles. When the concentration of sulfuric acid electrolyte in the lead-acid battery is high, the production of lead sulfate in the unformed electrode plate increases, and the increase in poorly conductive lead sulfate will result in a reduction in the relative power conduction, thereby reducing the forming efficiency.

[0079] Preferably, during the in-situ forming charging process, the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery is maintained ≤ 55 °C;

[0080] When the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery > 55 °C, stop charging and cool down;

[0081] In the cooling water tank, the temperature of the cooling circulating water is controlled at 28 - 40 °C.

[0082] High temperature easily degrades the additives of the negative electrode plate, makes the positive electrode plate loose, increases the particle size of the active substance, reduces the reaction area, and affects the battery capacity and life. When the temperature ≤ 55 °C, for example, when the temperature is between 30 - 40 °C, if the temperature increases by 1 - 2 °C, the usage time of the lead-acid battery will be extended by 8 to 10 usage cycles; when the temperature is between 40 - 50 °C, if the temperature increases by 1 - 2 °C, the usage time of the lead-acid battery is extended by 30 usage cycles; when the temperature is greater than 55 °C, it will affect the service life of the battery. Through the circulating heat exchange of water in the in-situ forming water bath, the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery during the in-situ forming charging process is reduced, avoiding the decline in the service life of the lead-acid battery caused by overheating during the charging process.

[0083] The above charging current and charging time are reasonably designed, which not only reduces the power consumption for electrolyzing water during the charging process, but also reduces the power consumption of a single electrode plate of the lead-acid battery, reducing energy consumption.

[0084] Advantages of the present invention:

[0085] The in-situ forming charging method for the lead-acid battery provided by the present invention is divided into 33 charge-discharge stages, and the forming charging time is below 70 h, including 12 charges, 11 discharges, 1 static state, and 1 capacity inspection and matching. Moreover, the amount of electricity charged each time is greater than the amount of electricity discharged subsequently. During the process of the method of the present invention, the charging current is moderate, and the charge-discharge cycle frequency and intensity during the charging process are reasonably designed, which can effectively reduce the concentration polarization phenomenon and reduce the damage to the crystal structure of the active substance on the electrode plate, and can extend the cycle service life of the lead-acid battery by 21% - 36%. According to the detection in accordance with the national standard GB / T7403.1 - 2018, the cycle life of the lead-acid battery by the method of the present invention is greater than 850 times, and the first discharge capacity of the lead-acid battery is not less than 90%. Detailed implementation mode

[0086] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0087] Embodiment 1

[0088] Taking the traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery 6-DFP-110AH as an example, the rated capacity is 110Ah. The number of plates in a single cell is +5 / -6 (indicating that the number of positive plates is 5 and the number of negative plates is 6), the lead paste amount of the positive plate is 310g / plate, the lead paste amount of the negative plate is 218g / plate, the acid amount in each single cell is 1210 ± 8g. The lead-acid battery is installed with an acid addition pot for acid addition. A temperature sensor is inserted into the acid addition pot, and acid at 2°C (1.195g ± 0.005g / mL, 25°C) is added. When the internal temperature of the battery reaches 30°C after 15 minutes of acid addition, 17 6-DFP-110AH traction batteries are connected in series in each circuit according to the positive and negative poles of the battery end to end, and charged according to the formation process in Table 1 below.

[0089] Table 1

[0090]

[0091] After the S26 stage, grading is carried out according to the cut-off voltage, and the grading information is shown in Table 2:

[0092] Table 2

[0093]

[0094] When the cut-off voltage < 10.10V, it is in the low grade; when the cut-off voltage > 11.33V, it is in the high grade. Such batteries are removed and re-connected in series for recharging according to the charging method in Table 1 (starting from step S17), and graded again according to Table 2 above.

[0095] After grading, capacity detection and matching are carried out. Batteries with an open-circuit voltage ≥ 13.05V and an open-circuit voltage difference ≤ 0.02V are matched, and the matching information is shown in Table 3.

[0096] Table 3

[0097]

[0098] Embodiment 2

[0099] Taking the traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery 6-DFP-110AH as an example, the rated capacity is 110Ah. The number of plates per cell is +5 / -6, the lead paste amount of the positive plate is 310g / plate, the lead paste amount of the negative plate is 218g / plate, the acid amount per single cell is 1210±8g. The lead-acid battery is installed with an acid addition pot for acid addition. A temperature sensor is inserted into the acid addition pot, and acid at 9°C (1.195g±0.005g / mL, 25°C) is added. When the internal temperature of the battery reaches 50°C after 25 minutes of acid addition, 17 6-DFP-110AH traction batteries are connected in series in each circuit with the positive and negative poles connected end to end, and the charging is carried out according to the formation process in Table 4 below.

[0100] Table 4

[0101]

[0102] Example 3 (The measured internal temperature of the battery is 56°C after 60 minutes of acid addition, and the formation temperature of the battery is too high in the early stage)

[0103] Taking the traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery 6-DFP-110AH as an example, the rated capacity is 110Ah. The number of plates per cell is +5 / -6, the lead paste amount of the positive plate is 310g / plate, the lead paste amount of the negative plate is 218g / plate, the acid amount per single cell is 1210±8g. The lead-acid battery is installed with an acid addition pot for acid addition. A temperature sensor is inserted into the acid addition pot, and acid (1.195g±0.005g / mL, 25°C) is added. When the measured internal temperature of the battery reaches 56°C after 60 minutes of acid addition, 17 6-DFP-110AH traction batteries are connected in series in each circuit with the positive and negative poles connected end to end, and the charging is carried out according to the formation process in Table 4 (the charging process is the same as that in Example 2).

[0104] Taking the traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery 6-DFP-110AH as an example, the rated capacity is 110Ah. The number of plates per cell is +5 / -6, the lead paste amount of the positive plate is 310g / plate, the lead paste amount of the negative plate is 218g / plate, the acid amount per single cell is 1210±8g. The lead-acid battery is installed with an acid addition pot for acid addition. A temperature sensor is inserted into the acid addition pot, and acid at 9°C (1.195g±0.005g / mL, 25°C) is added. When the internal temperature of the battery reaches 50°C after 25 minutes of acid addition, 17 6-DFP-110AH traction batteries are connected in series in each circuit with the positive and negative poles connected end to end, and the charging is carried out according to the formation process in Table 5 below.

[0105] Table 5

[0106]

[0107] Comparative Example 1: The charging method of 5.3.2.2 a of the standard GB / T7403.1-2018 is adopted

[0108] Take the traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery 6-DFP-110AH as an example, with a rated capacity of 110Ah. The number of single plates is +5 / -6, the amount of lead paste for the positive plate is 310g / piece, the amount of lead paste for the negative plate is 218g / piece, the amount of acid per cell is 1210±8g, the lead-acid battery is installed with an acid adding pot for acid addition, a temperature sensor is inserted into the acid adding pot, and 9°C acid (1.195g±0.005g / mL, 25°C) is added. When the internal temperature of the battery is 50°C after 25 minutes of acid addition, 17 6-DFP-110AH traction vehicle batteries are connected in series in each way with the positive and negative electrodes of the battery connected end to end and charged according to the formation process in Table 6 (steps 1 to 26 are the same as those in Example 2).

[0109] Table 6

[0110]

[0111] Comparative Example 2: The commonly used eight-charge and seven-discharge internal charging method

[0112] Take the traction valve-regulated lead-acid battery 6-DFP-110AH as an example, with a rated capacity of 110Ah. The number of single plates is +5 / -6, the amount of lead paste for the positive plate is 310g / piece, the amount of lead paste for the negative plate is 218g / piece, and the amount of acid per cell is 1210±8g. The lead-acid battery is installed with an acid adding pot for acid addition. A temperature sensor is inserted into the acid adding pot, and 9℃ acid (1.195g±0.005g / mL, 25℃) is added. When the internal temperature of the battery is 50℃ after 25 minutes of acid addition, 17 6-DFP-110AH traction vehicle batteries are connected in series in each circuit with the positive and negative poles of the battery connected end to end and charged according to the formation process in Table 7 below.

[0113] Table 7

[0114]

[0115] Test example 1:

[0116] According to GB / T7403.1-2018 standard 6.5.2.2 valve-regulated battery charging and discharging process, the above examples were subjected to cycle endurance tests. The test results are shown in Table 8 below:

[0117] Table 8

[0118]

[0119] According to each charging process, the various indicators are statistically shown in Table 9 below:

[0120] Table 9

[0121]

[0122] In summary, by adopting the charging method of the present invention (especially Example 2), the charging time can be shortened by nearly 10 hours, the charging amount can be reduced by 15% - 40%, the formation efficiency can be improved, the energy consumption can be reduced, and social resources can be saved. The battery detection performance cycle durability test is also better than the formation process of the comparative example. Because the formation process adopts a step-by-step progressive charging design, the electrochemical polarization phenomenon during the charging process is effectively buffered, making the conversion of active substances more uniform and thorough, which is beneficial to the extension of the battery service life. Because no large current is adopted during the entire formation process, the temperature during the formation process is controlled below 50°C, effectively protecting the high-temperature volatilization phenomenon of the organic additives in the negative electrode lead paste, which is beneficial to the maintenance of the battery cycle performance.

Claims

1. A method for in - formation charging of a traction valve - regulated lead - acid battery, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Pre-charging stage S1: Charge at a current of 0.08 - 0.12 C5A for 0.5 h, S2: Discharge at a current of 0.10 - 0.20 C5A for 0.05 h; (2) Three-gradient current-increasing charge S3: Charge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 0.5 h, S4: Charge at a current of 0.15 - 0.18 C5A for 3 - 3.5 h, S5: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h; (3) Five-cycle charge and discharge S6: Discharge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 0.1 h, S7: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h, S8: Discharge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 0.5 h, S9: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h, S10: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h, S11: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 h, S12: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h, S13: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 - 5 h, S14: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h, S15: Charge at a current of 0.18 - 0.20 C5A for 4 - 5 h, S16: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h; (4)Four-gradient current-decreasing charge and discharge S17: Charge at a current of 0.15 - 0.18 C5A for 3 h, S18: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.5 h, S19: Charge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 2 h, S20: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.2 h, S21: Charge at a current of 0.08 - 0.12 C5A for 3 h, S22: Discharge at a current of 0.20 - 0.25 C5A for 0.1 h, S23: Charge at a current of 0.03 - 0.05 C5A for 3 h; (5)Standstill S24: Stand still for 1 h; (6)Capacity detection and matching S25: Discharge at a current of 0.20 C5A for 4 h 58 min, S26: Discharge at a current of 0.20 C5A for 0 - 20 min, and grade according to the cut-off voltage; (7)Gradient-decreasing constant-current and voltage-limiting charge S27: Charge at a current of 0.25 - 0.30 C5A for 3 h, S28: Charge at a current of 0.19 - 0.22 C5A for 2 - 3 h, S29: Charge at a current of 0.15 - 0.18 C5A for 2 - 3 h, S30: Charge at a current of 0.10 - 0.15 C5A for 1 - 3 h, S31: Charge at a current of 0.06 - 0.08 C5A for 1 h, S32: Charge at a current of 0.03 - 0.04 C5A for 2.5 - 3 h; (8)Float charge and acid extraction S33: Charge at a current of 0.002 - 0.003 C5A for 4 h for acid extraction, and stop charging after acid extraction is completed; Wherein, C5 refers to the rated capacity at the 5-hour rate; The internal formation charging time is below 70h, the temperature during the formation process is controlled below 50°C, and it is detected according to the national standard GB / T7403.1-2018. The cycle life of the lead-acid battery ≥ 850 times.

2. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S26, grading is performed according to the end voltage: Grade 0: 10.10~10.27V; Grade 1: 10.28~10.43V; Grade 2: 10.44~10.58V; Grade 3: 10.59~10.72V; Grade 4: 10.73~10.84V; Grade 5: 10.85~10.95V; Grade 6: 10.96~11.05V; Grade 7: 11.06~11.14V; Grade 8: 11.15~11.22V; Grade 9: 11.23~11.28V; Grade 10: 11.29~11.33V; After grading, grouping is performed. The grouping is carried out according to the open-circuit voltage ≥ 13.05V and the open-circuit voltage difference ≤ 0.02V.

3. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that, Batteries with an end voltage < 10.10V or an end voltage > 11.33V are returned to step S17 for recharging, re-grading, and re-grouping.

4. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the internal formation charging process, the charging current fluctuation is controlled within ±0.3%A, and the discharging current fluctuation is controlled within ±0.3%A.

5. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal formation charge amount is 6.70~7.20 times the rated capacity of the lead-acid battery.

6. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total internal formation charging time is 64~70 hours.

7. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (7), the limited voltage is 16.1V.

8. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes adding acid: The lead-acid battery is vacuum-filled with acid. The internal formation lead-acid battery filled with the formation electrolyte is transferred to a cooling water tank with cooling circulating water within 10~15 minutes. The lead-acid battery is connected to the charger to prepare for internal formation. When the temperature of the lead-acid battery drops below 40°C, internal formation charging is started.

9. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 8, characterized in that, The concentration of the formation electrolyte at 25°C is 1.195g ± 0.005g / mL.

10. The internal formation charging method for traction valve-regulated lead-acid batteries according to claim 8, characterized in that, During the internal formation charging process, the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery is maintained ≤ 55°C; When the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery > 55°C, charging is stopped for cooling; In the cooling water tank, the temperature of the cooling circulating water is controlled at 28~40°C.

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