Antenna, driving method thereof and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna and a driving method thereof, and electronic equipment, the antenna comprises a waveguide structure, the waveguide structure is provided with a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements, and the plurality of radiation elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; the plurality of switch elements are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements to radiate the microwave signals; in the extending direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation elements are sequentially reduced from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the technical problem that the side lobe level of the antenna is relatively high is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and specifically relate to an antenna and a driving method thereof, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] The working performance of antennas is crucial to the overall performance of most wireless communication systems. With the development of science and technology, the requirements for antenna performance are getting higher and higher. In addition to high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas are often required to have low profile, light weight, easy conformal, frequency independence and other characteristics. As a high-gain antenna, holographic antennas can simultaneously meet the requirements of low profile and light weight. It does not require the design of complex phase modulation structures to adjust the beam pointing. In addition, holographic antennas have the characteristics of simple structure, easy implementation, and high degree of design freedom. Therefore, they are very suitable for the needs of current scientific and technological development and have great development potential.

[0003] In practical applications, holographic antennas have the technical problem of high sidelobe levels. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide an antenna and a driving method thereof, and an electronic device to solve the technical problem that the antenna has a high sidelobe level.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, including a waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, the plurality of radiating elements are arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the waveguide structure; the plurality of switch elements are configured to control the corresponding radiating elements to radiate microwave signals;

[0006] In the extending direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation elements decrease sequentially from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure includes a top wall, and the multiple radiation elements are arranged on the top wall. On the surface where the top wall is located, the multiple radiation elements are distributed on both sides of a first center line, and the multiple radiation elements located on both sides of the first center line are staggered in the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, and the orthographic projection of the center line of the waveguide structure on the top wall coincides with the first center line.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiation element includes a radiation slot, and an extension direction of the radiation slot is consistent with an extension direction of the waveguide structure.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation slots decrease sequentially in a linear manner from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the plurality of radiation elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of radiating elements are arranged symmetrically with respect to a center of the waveguide structure.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure includes a top wall, the plurality of radiation elements are disposed on the top wall, the radiation elements include radiation slots, and an extension direction of the radiation slots is perpendicular to an extension direction of the waveguide structure on a surface where the top wall is located.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the difference between the length dimensions of two adjacent radiation slots gradually decreases in the direction from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the length dimension of the radiation slot closest to the center of the waveguide structure is 4.5 mm to 7 mm, and the length dimension of the radiation slot farthest from the center of the waveguide structure is 2.5 mm to 5 mm.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch element includes a first substrate and a second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate are arranged opposite to each other, the second substrate is located on a side of the first substrate away from the waveguide structure in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, a liquid crystal layer is filled between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first conductive layer is provided on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, a second conductive layer is provided on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate, and a first conductive component and a second conductive component are provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer;

[0016] The first conductive layer is provided with a groove consistent with the radiation gap, and the second conductive layer is provided with a first conductive structure, a second conductive structure and a third conductive structure arranged at intervals. On the surface where the second conductive layer is located, the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are located on both sides of the third conductive structure, and the orthographic projection of the third conductive structure on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with the groove, and the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the first conductive component and the second conductive component respectively.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure includes a top wall and a bottom wall, the radiation slot is arranged on the top wall, the switching element includes two electrodes, a switch structure and two connecting structures, the two ends of the switch structure are electrically connected to the two electrodes respectively, both sides of the radiation slot are respectively provided with a receiving slot connected to the radiation slot, the two electrodes of the switching element are respectively arranged in the two receiving slots, one end of the two connecting structures passes through the bottom wall and is electrically connected to the external control circuit, and the other end is electrically connected to the two connecting electrodes respectively.

[0018] The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna, comprising a waveguide structure, wherein a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged on one side of the waveguide structure, the radiating elements comprising radiating slots, the plurality of radiating slots being arranged on both sides of a first center line, and on a plane parallel to the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, the plurality of radiating slots located on both sides of the first center line are staggered in the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, the first center line and the radiating slots extend in the same direction as the waveguide structure, and the center line of the waveguide structure is projected on a side of the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiating elements are arranged to coincide with the first center line; the plurality of switch elements are arranged to control the corresponding radiating elements to radiate microwave signals;

[0019] In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, vertical distances from the center of the waveguide structure to the first center line decrease successively in the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, vertical distances of the plurality of radiation slots from the first center line decrease sequentially in a linear manner from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the difference between the vertical distances of two adjacent radiation slots to the first center line decreases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0022] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, comprising a control circuit and the antenna described in any one of the above embodiments, wherein the control circuit is electrically connected to the antenna.

[0023] The present disclosure also provides an antenna driving method, which is applied to the antenna described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna comprises a waveguide structure, wherein a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged on the waveguide structure, wherein the plurality of radiating elements are arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the waveguide structure; and in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiating elements decrease in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, and the driving method comprises:

[0024] The plurality of switching elements are used to control the plurality of radiation elements to radiate microwave signals.

[0025] The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a driving method of an antenna, which is applied to the antenna described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna includes a waveguide structure, a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged on one side of the waveguide structure, the radiating elements include radiating slots, and the plurality of radiating slots are arranged on both sides of a first center line on a surface parallel to the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, the plurality of radiating slots located on both sides of the first center line are staggered in the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, the extension direction of the first center line and the radiating slots is consistent with the extension direction of the waveguide structure, and the orthographic projection of the center line of the waveguide structure on a side of the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiating elements are arranged coincides with the first center line; in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the vertical distances of the plurality of radiating slots to the first center line decrease successively; the driving method includes:

[0026] The corresponding radiation elements are controlled by the multiple switch elements to radiate microwave signals.

[0027] The antenna and its driving method, and electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure include a waveguide structure, on which are disposed a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements for respectively controlling the plurality of radiating elements to radiate microwave signals. In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiating elements decrease successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna and solving the technical problem of a high sidelobe level of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present disclosure, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present disclosure. The shapes and sizes of the components in the accompanying drawings do not reflect the actual proportions and are only intended to illustrate the contents of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 3 Shown is a structural schematic diagram of a switch element provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 4 Shown Figure 3 A schematic planar structural diagram of a first conductive layer disposed on a first substrate;

[0033] Figure 5 Shown Figure 3 A schematic plan view of the structure of a second conductive layer disposed on a second substrate;

[0034] Figure 6a Shown is a schematic diagram of a waveguide structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 6b Shown is a schematic diagram of a waveguide structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 7 Shown is a structural schematic diagram of a switch element provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 8 Shown is a structural schematic diagram of a switch element provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Fig. 9 Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Fig.10 Shown is a schematic diagram of opening or closing a plurality of radiation slots in an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Fig.11 Shown is a schematic diagram of the far-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Fig.12a Shown is a schematic diagram of opening or closing a plurality of radiation slots in an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 12b Shown is a schematic diagram of the length dimension of each radiation slot among a plurality of radiation slots in an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Fig.13Shown is a schematic diagram of the far-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Fig.14a Shown is a schematic diagram of opening or closing a plurality of radiation slots in an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Fig.14b Shown is a schematic diagram of the length dimension of each radiation slot among a plurality of radiation slots in an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Fig.15 Shown is a schematic diagram of the far-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Fig.16 Shown is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings hereinafter. Note that the embodiments can be implemented in a plurality of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other. In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, the present disclosure omits the detailed description of some known functions and known components. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only relate to the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures can refer to the usual design.

[0049] The proportions of the drawings in this disclosure can be used as a reference in the actual process, but are not limited to this. For example: the width-to-length ratio of the channel, the thickness and spacing of each film layer, the width and spacing of each signal line can be adjusted according to actual needs. The number of pixels in the display substrate and the number of sub-pixels in each pixel are not limited to the numbers shown in the figures. The drawings described in this disclosure are only structural schematic diagrams, and one method of this disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0050] In the present specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0051] In this specification, for the sake of convenience, the words and phrases indicating the orientation or positional relationship, such as "middle", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., are used to illustrate the positional relationship of the constituent elements with reference to the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present disclosure. The positional relationship of the constituent elements is appropriately changed according to the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, it is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification, and can be appropriately replaced according to the situation.

[0052] In this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate, or the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] In this specification, "electrical connection" includes the case where components are connected together through an element having some electrical function. There is no particular limitation on the "element having some electrical function" as long as it can transmit and receive electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of "element having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other elements having various functions.

[0054] In this specification, "parallel" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and therefore, also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. In addition, "perpendicular" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and therefore, also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0055] In this specification, "film" and "layer" may be interchanged. For example, "conductive layer" may be replaced by "conductive film". Similarly, "insulating film" may be replaced by "insulating layer".

[0056] The triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons in this specification are not in the strict sense, and may be approximate triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons, etc. There may be some small deformations caused by tolerances, and there may be chamfers, arc edges and deformations.

[0057] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly limited to allow for process and measurement errors.

[0058] The concept of holographic antenna comes from the principle of optical holography. The principle is that the interference surface is formed by the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and the target wave is inverted by irradiating the interference surface with the reference wave. The holographic antenna system includes a holographic surface and a feed source, which has a simple structure and is easy to implement. The feed source generally adopts a horn antenna, a monopole antenna or a slot antenna, and does not require a complex feeding network. However, in order to reduce the profile, a monopole antenna or a slot antenna is often used as a feed source; the holographic surface is mainly composed of a dielectric substrate and a periodically distributed metal patch array, which is simple to process and low in cost; in the design process of the holographic surface, as long as the interference field expression formed by the interference of the target field and the reference field is calculated, and the distribution of the metal patches is designed with reference to the interference field expression, the desired holographic surface can be obtained, and the design process is simple. If a different target wave is obtained, the target field expression can be re-substituted into the above process. This simplicity and flexibility in design is another major advantage of the holographic antenna. In addition, the holographic antenna is also easy to conform to the shape, and its performance will not be greatly affected when attached to a curved surface such as a sphere or cylinder.

[0059] With the development of communication technology, the requirements for antenna performance are becoming more and more stringent and detailed. There are often requirements for antennas to achieve low sidelobe or ultra-low sidelobe radiation characteristics, which also poses a low sidelobe challenge to holographic antennas. Therefore, the holographic antennas in related technologies have the technical problem of high sidelobe levels.

[0060] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, which may include a waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, the plurality of radiating elements being arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the waveguide structure; the plurality of switch elements being arranged to control the corresponding radiating elements to radiate microwave signals; in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiating elements decrease successively from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0061] The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiating elements are arranged corresponding to a plurality of switching elements, and the plurality of switching elements respectively control the plurality of radiating elements to radiate microwave signals. In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiating elements decrease successively, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna and solving the technical problem of a high sidelobe level of the antenna.

[0062] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may include a waveguide structure 10, on which a plurality of radiation elements 20 and a plurality of switch elements 30 respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged, and the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10; the plurality of switch elements 30 are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements 20 to radiate microwave signals; in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation elements 20 decrease successively.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the waveguide structure 10 may include a top wall 101, a plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged on the top wall 101, and on the surface where the top wall 101 is located, the plurality of radiation elements 20 are distributed on both sides of the first center line A1-A1, and the plurality of radiation elements 20 located on both sides of the first center line A1-A1 are staggered in the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, and the orthographic projection of the center line of the waveguide structure 10 (which may be the center line along the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends) on the top wall 101 coincides with the first center line A1-A1. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface where the top wall 101 is located may be a plane (not limited to a plane, for example, it may be a curved surface), and the first center line A1-A1 may be the center line of the top wall 101 along the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the radiation element 20 may include a radiation slot 201 , and the extension direction of the radiation slot 201 is consistent with the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10 . In an exemplary embodiment, the radiation element 20 may be a radiation slot 201 .

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2As shown, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation slots 201 decrease in a linear manner in sequence, that is, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the difference in length dimensions of two adjacent radiation slots 201 is equal. For example, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the waveguide structure 10 is provided with the first radiation slot 201 to the nth radiation slot 201 in sequence, and the first to the nth radiation slots 201 are provided in sequence. The length dimensions of the n radiation slots 201 decrease successively, and the difference between the length dimensions of the i-th radiation slot 201 and the i+1-th radiation slot 201 is equal to the difference between the length dimensions of the i+1-th radiation slot 201 and the i+2-th radiation slot 201, that is, L(i)-L(i+1)=L(i+1)-L(i+2), L(i) is the length dimension of the i-th radiation slot 201, L(i+1) is the length dimension of the i+1-th radiation slot 201, and L(i+2) is the length dimension of the i+2-th radiation slot 201, wherein i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the length dimension of the radiation slot 201 may be the dimension of the radiation slot 201 along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10 .

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure 10 , a plurality of radiation elements 20 are located on both sides of the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 .

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the plurality of radiation elements 20 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 .

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the waveguide structure 10 may include a top wall 101, a plurality of radiation elements 20 are disposed on the top wall 101, and the radiation element 20 includes a radiation slot 201. On the surface where the top wall 101 is located, an extension direction Y of the radiation slot 201 is perpendicular to an extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10. In an exemplary embodiment, the surface where the top wall 101 is located may be a plane (not limited to a plane, for example, may be a curved surface). In an exemplary embodiment, the radiation element 20 may be a radiation slot 201.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 1As shown, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the difference between the length dimensions of two adjacent radiation slots 201 gradually decreases, so that the radiation intensity of the plurality of radiation slots 201 forms a Taylor distribution. For example, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the first to the nth radiation slots 201 are sequentially arranged on the waveguide structure 10, and the length dimensions of the first radiation slot 201 to the nth radiation slot 201 are gradually reduced, and the difference between the length dimensions of the i-th radiation slot 201 and the i+1-th radiation slot 201, the difference between the length dimensions of the i+1-th radiation slot 201 and the i+2-th radiation slot 201, and the difference between the length dimensions of the i+2-th radiation slot 201 and the i+3-th radiation slot 201 are gradually reduced. That is, the values ​​of L(i)-L(i+1), L(i+1)-L(i+2), and L(i+2)-L(i+3) decrease in sequence, where L(i) is the length dimension of the i-th radiation slot 201, L(i+1) is the length dimension of the i+1-th radiation slot 201, L(i+2) is the length dimension of the i+2-th radiation slot 201, and L(i+3) is the length dimension of the i+3-th radiation slot 201, wherein i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, the length dimension of the radiation slot 201 may be the dimension of the radiation slot 201 along a direction X perpendicular to the extension direction of the waveguide structure 10 , for example, the length dimension of the radiation slot 201 may be the dimension along the Y direction.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 In the structure shown, the radiation intensity corresponding to different lengths of the radiation slot 201 (i.e., the radiation intensity corresponding to a single radiation slot 201 with different lengths) can be determined by simulation first, and then the radiation intensity distribution is calculated according to the Taylor distribution, thereby determining the radiation intensity of the radiation slot 201 at each position on the waveguide structure 10 (different radiation intensities correspond to the length of the radiation slot 201). This arrangement of the radiation slot 201 can achieve the effect of sidelobe suppression. The Taylor distribution formula of the radiation intensity is as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Wherein, α represents the position of the radiation element from the center (which can be the position of the center of the top wall of the waveguide structure 10), I(α) is the radiation intensity of the radiation element 20 (in the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, with the position of the center of the top wall as the origin, I(α) can be the radiation intensity at the +α position and the -α position), L is the length of the antenna along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure (which can be the distance from the first radiation slot 201 to the last radiation slot of the waveguide structure 10 along the X direction), S n is the spatial factor, is the number of side lobes with equal level, and m ranges from 1 to In an exemplary embodiment, The value can be set. For example, if there are 10 sidelobe levels in total and the number of sidelobes with equal levels is set to 5, then The value of is 5.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the length dimension of the radiation slot 201 closest to the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 is 4.5 mm to 7 mm, and the length dimension of the radiation slot 201 farthest from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 is 2.5 mm to 5 mm. For example, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the maximum length dimension of the radiation slot 201 is 5.5 mm, and the minimum length dimension of the radiation slot 201 is 4 mm.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 1 As shown, the radiation slots 201 are located on both sides of the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the number of the radiation slots 201 is an even number, and the radiation slots 201 on both sides can be symmetrically arranged relative to the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 (the two radiation slots 201 closest to the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 are equal in size and have the largest length dimension). In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 The number of the radiation slots 201 of the antenna structure shown can be an odd number, and the radiation slot 201 closest to the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 has the longest length. Figure 2 In the antenna structure shown, the number of radiation slots 201 located on one side of the first center line A1-A1 can be an odd number, and the radiation slot 201 closest to the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 has the largest size; the number of radiation slots 201 located on the other side of the first center line A1-A1 can be an even number, and the lengths of the two radiation slots 201 closest to the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 are equal and the largest.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 3 As shown, the switch element 30 may include a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12. The first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are arranged opposite to each other. In a direction Z perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate 11 is located, the second substrate 12 is located on a side of the first substrate 11 away from the waveguide structure 10. A liquid crystal layer LC is filled between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. A first conductive layer 13 is provided on a side of the first substrate 11 close to the second substrate 12. A second conductive layer 14 is provided on a side of the second substrate 12 close to the second substrate 12. A first conductive component 151 and a second conductive component 152 are provided between the first conductive layer 13 and the second conductive layer 14.

[0077] The first conductive layer 13 is provided with a groove K1 consistent with the radiation slot 201, and the second conductive layer 14 is provided with a first conductive structure 141, a second conductive structure 142 and a third conductive structure 143 which are arranged at intervals. On the surface (which can be a plane or a curved surface) where the second conductive layer 14 is located, the first conductive structure 141 and the second conductive structure 142 are located on both sides of the third conductive structure 143, and the orthographic projection of the third conductive structure 143 on the first substrate 11 at least partially overlaps with the groove K1, and the orthographic projection of the groove K1 and its corresponding radiation slot 201 on the first substrate 11 at least partially overlaps, and the first conductive structure 141 and the second conductive structure 142 are electrically connected to the first conductive layer 13 through the first conductive component 151 and the second conductive component 152 respectively.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the first conductive layer 13 disposed on the first substrate 11, the shape of the slot K1 disposed on the first conductive layer 13 is consistent with the shape of the corresponding radiation slot 201 on the waveguide structure 10, for example, the radiation slot 201 and the slot K1 can be a rectangular structure or a strip structure; Figure 5 As shown, Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of the second conductive layer 14 disposed on the second substrate 12, a first gap R1 is provided between the first conductive structure 141 and the third conductive structure 143, and a second gap R2 is provided between the second conductive structure 142 and the third conductive structure 143.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, Figures 6a to 8 As shown, the waveguide structure 10 may include a top wall 101 , a side wall 103 , a bottom wall 102 and a waveguide cavity 100 , wherein the waveguide cavity 100 is surrounded by the top wall 101 , the side wall 103 and the bottom wall 102 , and a plurality of radiation elements 20 may be disposed on the top wall 101 of the waveguide structure 10 .

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the top wall 101, the side wall 103, and the bottom wall 102 may be an integrally formed structure. In an exemplary embodiment, the top wall 101, the side wall 103, and the bottom wall 102 may be made of metal.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure 10 may be as follows Figure 6a The edge-fed structure shown, or Figure 6b The center fed junction is shown. Figure 6a In the edge feeding structure shown, the waveguide structure 10 may include a feeding probe 01 and a load probe 02 disposed on the bottom wall 102, the feeding probe 01 and the load probe 02 penetrate the bottom wall 102 and communicate with the waveguide cavity 100, the feeding probe 01 is configured to feed, and the load probe 02 is configured to connect the load, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the feeding probe 01 and the load probe 02 may be located at two end positions of the waveguide structure 10, and a plurality of radiating elements 20 are located between the feeding probe 01 and the load probe 02. In an exemplary embodiment, the feeding probe 01 is used as a feeding port for feeding, and the load probe 02 is used to match the load to absorb the remaining energy.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, in Figure 6b In the central feeding structure shown, the load probes 02 may include two. In the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the two load probes 02 are arranged at the two end positions of the waveguide structure 10, the feeding probe 01 is arranged at the center position of the waveguide structure 10, and the multiple radiating elements 20 are symmetrically arranged relative to the feeding probe 01, and the multiple radiating elements 20 are located between the two load probes 02.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, Figure 1 and Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a switch element 30 in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the waveguide structure comprises a top wall 101 and a bottom wall 102, a radiation slot 201 is arranged on the top wall 101, the switch element 30 may comprise two electrodes d0, a switch structure 301, and two connection structures, the two ends of the switch structure 301 are respectively electrically connected to the two electrodes d0, and both sides of the radiation slot 201 are respectively provided with a receiving slot E0 connected to the radiation slot 201, the two electrodes d0 of the switch element 30 are respectively arranged in the two receiving slots E0, one end of the two connection structures penetrates the bottom wall 102 of the waveguide structure 10 and is electrically connected to an external control circuit, and the other end is respectively electrically connected to the two connection electrodes d0, so that the switch structure 301 is electrically connected to the external control circuit through the two connection electrodes d0 and the two connection structures. In an exemplary embodiment, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the two connection structures may be two connection vias K0.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide cavity 100 of the waveguide structure 10 can be filled with the first dielectric layer J1, the connecting via K0 (which can be called a conductive via) in the waveguide structure 10 passes through the first dielectric layer J1 and the bottom wall 102 of the waveguide structure 10, and the switching element 30 is electrically connected to the external control circuit through the corresponding connecting via K0.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch element 30 may include, but is not limited to, a PIN diode. For example, the switch element 30 may also include any one of a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The switch element 30 includes a PIN diode (that is, the switch structure 301 is a PIN diode) as an example for explanation: a conduction voltage is applied to the two electrodes d0 of the switch element 30, that is, a first voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the anode of the PIN diode, and a second voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the cathode of the PIN diode, and the first voltage is greater than the second voltage, so that the PIN diode is turned on (forward biased). At this time, the radiation element is in an open state, and the radiation ability of the microwave in the waveguide structure is relatively strong; an off voltage is applied to the two electrodes d0 of the switch element 30, that is, a third voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the anode of the PIN diode, and a fourth voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the cathode of the PIN diode, so that the PIN diode is blocked (reverse biased or zero biased). At this time, the radiation element is in a closed state, and the radiation ability of the microwave in the waveguide structure is relatively weak.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the waveguide structure 10 may further include a second dielectric layer J2 disposed on the side of the bottom wall 102 away from the top wall 101, and the second dielectric layer J2 is configured to accommodate the connection wiring between the conductive via K0 and the external control circuit, thereby providing an interface for electrically connecting the conductive via K0 and the external control circuit.

[0087] The present disclosure also provides an antenna, such as Fig. 9As shown, it includes a waveguide structure 10, a plurality of radiation elements 20 and a plurality of switch elements 30 respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged on one side of the waveguide structure 10, the radiation element 20 includes a radiation slot 201, and on a plane parallel to the waveguide structure 10 where the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged, the plurality of radiation slots 201 are arranged on both sides of a first center line A1-A1, and the plurality of radiation slots 201 located on both sides of the first center line A1-A1 are staggered in the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, the extension direction of the first center line A1-A1 and the radiation slot 201 is consistent with the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, and the orthographic projection of the center line of the waveguide structure 10 on a side in the waveguide structure 10 where the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged coincides with the first center line A1-A1; the plurality of switch elements 30 are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements 20 to radiate microwave signals;

[0088] In the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10 , vertical distances from the plurality of radiation slots 201 to the first center line A1 - A1 decrease in sequence from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to a direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 .

[0089] The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiating elements are arranged corresponding to a plurality of switching elements, and the plurality of switching elements respectively control the plurality of radiating elements to radiate microwave signals. The radiating element 20 includes a radiating slot, and in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the vertical distances from the plurality of radiating slots to the first center line decrease successively, thereby reducing the side lobe level of the antenna and solving the technical problem that the antenna has a high side lobe level.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 6a and Figure 6b As shown, the waveguide structure 10 may include a top wall 101, a plurality of radiation elements 20 may be disposed on a side of the top wall 101 away from the bottom wall 102, and the first center line A1-A1 may be the center line of the top wall 101 extending along the X direction (i.e., the direction in which the waveguide structure 10 extends).

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the top wall 101 may be a flat surface or a curved surface. Figure 6a and Figure 6b As shown, the top wall 101 , the bottom wall 102 and the side wall 103 of the waveguide structure 10 are all planar structures, the number of the side walls 103 may be four, and the number of the top wall 101 and the bottom wall 102 is one, forming a rectangular waveguide structure 10 .

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation slots 201 (ie, the dimension along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10 ) may be the same.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, Fig. 9 As shown, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10 , from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 , the vertical distances from the plurality of radiation slots 201 to the first center line A1 - A1 decrease linearly in sequence. That is, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the difference between the vertical distances of two adjacent radiation slots 201 to the first center line A1-A1 from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 is equal. For example, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the waveguide structure 10 is sequentially provided with the first radiation slot 201 to the nth radiation slot 201, and the vertical distances of the first to the nth radiation slots 201 to the first center line A1-A1 decrease successively, and the difference between the vertical distances of the i-th radiation slot 201 and the i+1-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1 is equal to the difference between the vertical distances of the i+1-th radiation slot 201 and the i+1-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1. The difference in vertical distances between the two radiation slots 201 and the first center line A1-A1 is equal, that is, the values ​​of d(i)-d(i+1), d(i+1)-d(i+2), and d(i+2)-d(i+3) are equal, d(i) is the vertical distance from the i-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, d(i+1) is the vertical distance from the i+1-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, d(i+2) is the vertical distance from the i+2-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, and d(i+3) is the vertical distance from the i+3-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1; wherein i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, Fig. 9As shown, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the difference between the vertical distances of two adjacent radiation slots 201 to the first center line A1-A1 decreases successively, so that the radiation intensity of the multiple radiation slots 201 forms a Taylor distribution. For example, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the 1st to the nth radiation slots 201 are sequentially arranged on the waveguide structure 10, and the difference between the vertical distances from the 1st radiation slot 201 to the nth radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1 decreases successively, for example, the difference between the vertical distances from the i-th radiation slot 201 and the i+1-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, the difference between the vertical distances from the i+1-th radiation slot 201 and the i+2-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, and the difference between the vertical distances from the i+2-th radiation slot 201 and the i+3-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line The difference between the vertical distances of A1-A1 decreases successively, that is, the values ​​of d(i)-d(i+1), d(i+1)-d(i+2), and d(i+2)-d(i+3) decrease successively, d(i) is the vertical distance from the i-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, d(i+1) is the vertical distance from the i+1-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, d(i+2) is the vertical distance from the i+2-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1, and d(i+3) is the vertical distance from the i+3-th radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1; wherein i is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, and n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Fig. 9 As shown, in the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, there is a first distance W1 between two adjacent radiation slots 201 along the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, and the antenna includes a plurality of first distances W1, and the plurality of first distances W1 have the same size along the direction X in which the waveguide structure extends. For example, Figure 2 The first distance W1 between the i-th radiation slot 201 and the i+1-th radiation slot 201, the first distance W1 between the i+1-th radiation slot 201 and the i+2-th radiation slot 201, and the first distance W1 between the i+2-th radiation slot 201 and the i+3-th radiation slot 201 are equal.

[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, if Fig.10 As shown, Figure 2The schematic diagram of the antenna structure shown in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of controlling the opening or closing of the radiation slot 201 by the switch element 30. In the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, the length of the radiation slot 201 is from 5.5 mm at the center Q1 to 4.0 mm at both ends. The change in the length of the radiation slot 201 is a linear relationship. When the beam pointing of the holographic antenna is 0°, the opening and closing of the radiation slot 201 of the antenna is as follows: Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10 The middle curve represents the opening and closing status of the antenna (1 represents opening, 0 represents closing), the ordinate represents the normalized radiation intensity, and the far-field pattern of the antenna is shown in Fig.11 As shown, curve S1 (which can be called the Optimization Results curve) is the far-field pattern, and curve S01 (which can be called the InitialResult curve) is the far-field pattern of the control group antenna (all radiation slots 201 have the same length). Figure 2 The beam pointing angle of the antenna shown is accurate, with almost no change compared to the control group antenna, and the sidelobe level is greatly reduced. It can be seen from curves S01 and S1 that the level of the first sidelobe (which can be understood as the sidelobe closest to the main lobe) is suppressed from -8.4dB in the control group to -13.7dB, which has a very obvious sidelobe suppression effect. Fig.11 It can be seen that compared with the control group, Figure 2 The antenna structure shown has a reduced far-field gain and a slightly increased mainlobe beamwidth.

[0097] Figure 1 The antenna structure shown can be configured to have a variety of antenna structures by controlling the on or off state of the radiation element 20 and the length of the radiation slot 201 through the switch element 30. The following mainly describes two types of antenna structures. Figure 1 The antenna structure shown:

[0098] The first antenna structure: Fig.12a As shown, Figure 1 The antenna structure shown is a schematic diagram of controlling the radiation slot 201 to be opened or closed by the switch element 30. Figure 12b The curve in Figure 1 The length dimension (in mm) of each radiation slot 201 in the antenna structure shown is: Fig.12a The curve in the figure represents the opening and closing of the antenna (1 represents opening, 0 represents closing), and the ordinate represents the normalized radiation intensity. The radiation intensity of the radiation slot 201 can be determined by Taylor distribution. The far-field pattern of the antenna is shown in FIG. Fig.13 As shown, curve S2 (which can be called Optimization Results curve) is Figure 1The far-field pattern of the curve S02 (which can be called the InitialResult curve) is the far-field pattern of the control group antenna (all the radiation slots 201 have the same length). Fig.13 It can be seen Figure 1 The beam pointing angle of the antenna shown is accurate, with almost no change compared to the control group antenna, and the sidelobe level is greatly reduced. The first sidelobe level is suppressed from -13.3dB in the control group to -21.0dB, which has a very obvious sidelobe suppression effect. Fig.13 It can be seen that Figure 1 The antenna structure shown has a reduced gain in the far field and a slightly increased main lobe beamwidth.

[0099] The second antenna structure: Fig.14a As shown, Figure 1 The antenna structure shown is a schematic diagram of controlling the radiation slot 201 to be opened or closed by the switch element 30. Fig.14b The curve in Figure 1 The length dimension of each radiation slot 201 in (unit: mm), Fig.14a The middle curve is the opening and closing state of the antenna (1 represents opening, 0 represents closing), the ordinate is the normalized radiation intensity, and the radiation intensity of the radiation slot 201 is determined by Taylor distribution. Compared with the first antenna structure, the sidelobe level set by Taylor distribution of the second antenna structure is lower, and the length dimension variation of the radiation slot 201 is larger. The far-field radiation pattern of the antenna is shown in FIG. Fig.15 As shown, curve S3 (which can be called the Optimization Results curve) is the far-field pattern, and curve S2 (which can be called the InitialResult curve) is the far-field pattern of the first antenna structure (i.e. Fig.13 S2 curve in the figure). Fig.15 It can be seen that the beam pointing angle of the second antenna structure is accurate, and there is almost no change compared with the first antenna structure. The sidelobe level of the second antenna structure is further reduced and suppressed to -21.59dB, which has a very obvious sidelobe suppression effect. Fig.15 It can be seen that the far-field gain of the second antenna structure is basically the same as that of the first antenna structure, and the far-field gain is higher than that of the control group antenna (reference Fig.13 The middle curve S02) decreases slightly, and the main lobe beamwidth becomes wider.

[0100] It can be seen from the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure that, within a certain range, the greater the length change of the radiation slot 201, the better the side lobe level suppression effect. Figure 1In the antenna structure shown, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, if the 1st to the nth radiation slots 201 are sequentially arranged on the waveguide structure 10, the difference between the vertical distances from the 1st radiation slot 201 to the nth radiation slot 201 to the first center line A1-A1 decreases successively, and the greater the difference between the vertical distances from two adjacent radiation slots 201 to the first center line A1-A1, the better the side lobe level suppression effect of the antenna.

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, if Fig.11 , Fig.13 and Fig.15 As shown in , the ordinate Gain is the gain of the antenna, and the abscissa is the beam pointing angle θ of the antenna.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, if Fig.10 , Figure 12a to Figure 12b , Figure 14a to Figure 14b As shown, the abscissa is the position of multiple radiation slots 201 in the antenna, and the first radiation slot 201 to the last radiation slot 201 are sequentially arranged along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10. In an exemplary embodiment, the number of radiation slots 201 in the antenna can be but is not limited to 64.

[0103] In the exemplary embodiment, the holographic antenna principle is based on the extension of the optical holographic principle in the microwave frequency band, which is a new antenna design concept. The principle of the holographic antenna is basically consistent with the holographic principle in optics. The mathematical expression of the interference pattern is derived by the mathematical expressions of the reference wave and the target wave. Assume that the beam direction of the target wave is θ 0 , the location of the radiation element is x n , the reference wave and target wave equations of the antenna can be expressed as:

[0104] The equation of the reference wave of the antenna is:

[0105] The target wave equation of the antenna is:

[0106] Among them, k g represents the propagation constant of the reference wave in the antenna structure, k 0 Represents the propagation constant of the target wave in space.

[0107] The expression of the holographic interference pattern is:

[0108] Substituting the antenna's reference wave and target wave equations into the equation, we can get the holographic interference pattern:

[0109]

[0110] From the expression of the holographic interference pattern, it can be seen that when the propagation constant k of the reference wave g is determined, then the holographic interference pattern of the antenna only points to the desired beam θ 0 Different beam directions correspond to different holographic interference patterns. The disclosed embodiment reflects the holographic interference pattern through the strength (open or closed state) of the radiation energy of different radiation elements 20.

[0111] The present disclosure also provides an electronic device, such as Fig.16 As shown, it includes a control circuit and the antenna described in any of the above embodiments, and the control circuit is electrically connected to the antenna.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, the control circuit can control a plurality of switch elements in the antenna to control corresponding radiation elements to radiate microwave signals. In an exemplary embodiment, the control circuit can serve as the external control circuit described above, or can serve as a driving circuit of the antenna.

[0113] The present disclosure also provides a method for driving an antenna, which is applied to the above Figure 1 and Figure 2 The antenna shown in the figure comprises a waveguide structure 10, on which a plurality of radiation elements 20 and a plurality of switch elements 30 respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged, the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged at intervals along an extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10; in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from a center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to a direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation elements 20 decrease in sequence, and the driving method comprises:

[0114] The plurality of switching elements 30 are used to respectively control the plurality of radiation elements 20 to radiate microwave signals.

[0115] The present disclosure also provides a method for driving an antenna, which is applied to the above Fig. 9The antenna shown in the figure comprises a waveguide structure 10, wherein a plurality of radiating elements 20 and a plurality of switch elements 30 respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements 20 are arranged on one side of the waveguide structure, wherein the radiating element 20 comprises a radiating slot 201, wherein the plurality of radiating slots 201 are arranged on both sides of a first center line A1-A1, and on a surface (for example, a top wall 101) parallel to the waveguide structure 10 where the plurality of radiating elements 20 are arranged, the plurality of radiating slots 201 located on both sides of the first center line A1-A1 are arranged in a direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends. The first center line A1-A1 and the radiation slot 201 are arranged in a staggered manner, the extension direction of the first center line A1-A1 and the radiation slot 201 is consistent with the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, and the orthographic projection of the center line of the waveguide structure 10 on a surface of the waveguide structure 10 on which the multiple radiation elements 20 are arranged coincides with the first center line A1-A1; in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, the vertical distances from the multiple radiation slots 201 to the first center line A1-A1 decrease successively; the driving method comprises:

[0116] The corresponding radiation elements are controlled by the multiple switch elements to radiate microwave signals.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, radiating microwave signals by controlling multiple radiation elements respectively through multiple switching elements may include: a control circuit (or a driving circuit or the external control circuit described above) applies corresponding voltage signal groups to the multiple switching elements so that the corresponding switching elements control the radiation elements 20 to be in corresponding states.

[0118] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch element 30 may be a PIN diode, and the PIN diode may be provided with two electrodes d0, and the two electrodes d0 are electrically connected to an external control circuit (i.e., a control circuit or a drive circuit) through a conductive via K0, so that the control circuit controls the switch element 30. For example, the control circuit may be an FPGA, which controls the conduction state of the switch element 30, and may control the magnitude of the voltage applied to the two electrodes d0, thereby controlling the radiation state of the radiation element 20 corresponding to the switch element. For example, the antenna structure is Figure 1 , Figure 2 or Fig. 9 In the case of the structure shown, the control circuit can be turned on by controlling the switch element 30, and the radiation energy of the radiation element 20 is weak, then the radiation element 20 is in a closed or semi-closed state; the control circuit can be blocked by controlling the switch element 30, and the radiation energy of the radiation element 20 is strong, then the radiation element 20 is in an open or semi-open state.

[0119] The antenna and its driving method, and electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure include a waveguide structure, on which are disposed a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements for respectively controlling the plurality of radiating elements to radiate microwave signals. In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiating elements decrease successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna and solving the technical problem of a high sidelobe level of the antenna.

[0120] There are a few points to note:

[0121] The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures may refer to the general design.

[0122] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure, that is, the features in the embodiments, can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0123] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any technician in the field to which the present disclosure belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present disclosure, but the scope of patent protection of the present disclosure shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: A waveguide structure is provided, wherein a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements are arranged on the waveguide structure, wherein the plurality of radiation elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; and the plurality of switch elements are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements to radiate microwave signals; In the extending direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation elements decrease sequentially from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The waveguide structure includes a top wall, and the multiple radiation elements are arranged on the top wall. On the surface where the top wall is located, the multiple radiation elements are distributed on both sides of a first center line, and the multiple radiation elements located on both sides of the first center line are staggered in the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, and the orthographic projection of the center line of the waveguide structure on the top wall coincides with the first center line.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radiation element comprises a radiation slot, and an extending direction of the radiation slot is consistent with an extending direction of the waveguide structure.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation slots decrease linearly in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the plurality of radiation elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The plurality of radiation elements are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the waveguide structure.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that The waveguide structure comprises a top wall, the plurality of radiation elements are arranged on the top wall, the radiation elements comprise radiation slots, and on the surface where the top wall is located, the extension direction of the radiation slots is perpendicular to the extension direction of the waveguide structure.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the difference between the length dimensions of two adjacent radiation slots gradually decreases from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 4, 7 to 8, characterized in that: In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the length of the radiation slot closest to the center of the waveguide structure is 4.5 mm to 7 mm, and the length of the radiation slot farthest from the center of the waveguide structure is 2.5 mm to 5 mm.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 4, 7 to 8, characterized in that: The switch element comprises a first substrate and a second substrate, the first substrate and the second substrate are arranged opposite to each other, the second substrate is located on a side of the first substrate away from the waveguide structure in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, a liquid crystal layer is filled between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first conductive layer is provided on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, a second conductive layer is provided on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate, and a first conductive component and a second conductive component are provided between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer; The first conductive layer is provided with a groove consistent with the radiation slot, and the second conductive layer is provided with a first conductive structure, a second conductive structure and a third conductive structure arranged at intervals. On the surface where the second conductive layer is located, the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are located on both sides of the third conductive structure, and the orthographic projection of the third conductive structure on the first substrate at least partially overlaps with the groove, and the orthographic projection of the groove and its corresponding radiation slot on the first substrate at least partially overlaps, and the first conductive structure and the second conductive structure are electrically connected to the first conductive layer through the first conductive component and the second conductive component respectively.

11. The antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 4, 7 to 8, characterized in that: The waveguide structure includes a top wall and a bottom wall, the radiation slot is arranged on the top wall, the switch element includes two electrodes, a switch structure and two connecting structures, the two ends of the switch structure are electrically connected to the two electrodes respectively, and a receiving slot connected to the radiation slot is provided on both sides of the radiation slot respectively. The two electrodes of the switch element are respectively arranged in the two receiving slots, one end of the two connecting structures passes through the bottom wall and is electrically connected to the external control circuit, and the other end is electrically connected to the two connecting electrodes respectively.

12. An antenna, characterized in that: A waveguide structure is provided, wherein a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements are arranged on one side of the waveguide structure, wherein the radiation elements include radiation slots, wherein the plurality of radiation slots are arranged on both sides of a first center line, and on a plane parallel to the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiation elements are arranged, the plurality of radiation slots located on both sides of the first center line are staggered in the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, the first center line and the radiation slots extend in the same direction as the waveguide structure, and the center line of the waveguide structure is projected on a side of the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiation elements are arranged to coincide with the first center line; and the plurality of switch elements are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements to radiate microwave signals; In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, vertical distances from the center of the waveguide structure to the first center line decrease successively in the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, vertical distances from the center of the waveguide structure to the first center line decrease linearly in sequence in a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

14. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that: In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the difference between the vertical distances of two adjacent radiation slots to the first center line decreases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a control circuit and the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or claims 12 to 14, wherein the control circuit is electrically connected to the antenna.

16. A method for driving an antenna, applied to the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The antenna comprises a waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements are arranged, and the plurality of radiation elements are arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the waveguide structure; In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the length dimensions of the plurality of radiation elements decrease in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, and the driving method comprises: The plurality of switching elements are used to control the plurality of radiation elements to radiate microwave signals.

17. A method for driving an antenna, applied to the antenna according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that: The antenna comprises a waveguide structure, a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged on one surface of the waveguide structure, the radiating element comprises a radiating slot, the plurality of radiating slots are arranged on both sides of a first center line on a surface parallel to the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, the plurality of radiating slots located on both sides of the first center line are staggered in the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, the extension direction of the first center line and the radiating slots is consistent with the extension direction of the waveguide structure, and the orthographic projection of the center line of the waveguide structure on a surface of the waveguide structure where the plurality of radiating elements are arranged coincides with the first center line; In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the vertical distances from the center of the waveguide structure to the first center line decrease in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure; the driving method comprises: The corresponding radiation elements are controlled by the multiple switch elements to radiate microwave signals.

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