Livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system and method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic energy storage, and discloses a livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system and method, and the method comprises the steps that a converter group converts direct current generated by a photovoltaic cell panel group into voltage and current suitable for a storage battery group and a supercapacitor group; the data analysis module monitors the running state of the system in real time through a data analysis algorithm; the super capacitor bank is responsible for providing instantaneous power support; the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current; the power grid connection mechanism merges electric energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system into a power grid, charging or discharging management is performed on the storage battery pack according to actual needs, the control mechanism is combined to monitor the system operation state in real time, and the control strategy module sets an operation strategy according to the actual needs. The running state of the system is monitored in real time through the combined control mechanism, working parameters of all assemblies are adjusted, and stable running of the system and efficient utilization of solar energy resources are ensured; the system can intelligently control the charging and discharging process and the grid connection process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic energy storage technology, and more specifically, to a livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system and method. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation has been widely used. It can effectively use light energy to generate electricity, reduce environmental pollution, and use photovoltaic power generation to make up for the shortcomings of traditional power generation. In addition to using it to supply power, the electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation can also be stored in energy storage equipment to use the stored electricity in scenes where light energy is insufficient, such as at night, thereby improving energy utilization. In pastures, photovoltaic power generation is also used. Pastures usually have relatively open land resources, which provides convenient conditions for the installation of photovoltaic panels. Through reasonable planning and layout, pastures can install a certain scale of photovoltaic power generation systems without affecting normal animal husbandry production. This can not only provide power support for the pasture itself and reduce operating costs, but also improve economic benefits by selling excess electricity to power grids or surrounding enterprises.

[0003] The document with the prior art publication number CN118842103A provides a hybrid energy storage photovoltaic power generation control method and system, which relates to the field of energy storage technology; based on the capacity change data of the previous power generation cycle, the energy utilization rate is determined, and based on the energy utilization rate, multiple configurable capacities are determined, and combined with the preset particle swarm algorithm, the target photovoltaic power generation unit capacity and the target energy storage unit capacity are determined from the multiple configurable capacities, and then the photovoltaic power generation unit and the energy storage unit of the next power generation cycle are configured according to the target photovoltaic power generation unit capacity and the target energy storage unit capacity. The capacity configuration matches the actual power generation situation, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to achieve the solution of the optimal capacity, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the capacity solution. Therefore, this technical solution can achieve efficient and accurate capacity configuration of photovoltaic power generation units and energy storage units, thereby improving the reliability, stability and economy of hybrid energy storage photovoltaic power generation.

[0004] Although the above-mentioned prior art solutions can achieve relevant beneficial effects through the structure of the prior art, they still have the following defects: 1. It is impossible to reasonably control the charging and discharging process of the battery according to the photovoltaic power generation and the power consumption of the electrical equipment. 2. In the pasture, a large number of photovoltaic panels can be deployed to generate electricity. When the photovoltaic power generation is large and the demand of the electrical equipment is large, the remaining electric energy cannot be processed in a timely and reasonable manner, which will cause energy waste; if the battery is in an overcharged state for a long time, it will affect its service life.

[0005] In view of this, we propose a joint control system and method for photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to provide a livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system and method thereof, which solves the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, realizes real-time monitoring of the operating status of the system through a combined control mechanism, and adjusts the working parameters of each component according to the information, to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources; by real-time monitoring of data such as the voltage, current, temperature of the battery group and the supercapacitor group and the power generation power of the photovoltaic panel, the system can intelligently control the charging and discharging process and the grid-connected process, to ensure the technical effect of the battery group operating under safe and efficient conditions.

[0008] 2. Technical solution

[0009] The technical solution of this application provides a livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system, including:

[0010] Photovoltaic panels: include several photovoltaic panels, which receive solar energy and convert it into electricity; the panels can receive solar energy and convert it into electricity through the photoelectric effect. Photovoltaic panels are installed on the roof, open space or surrounding areas of the farm to maximize the use of solar energy resources.

[0011] Battery pack: includes several batteries for storing electrical energy; the batteries can be lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries or other types of rechargeable batteries with long cycle life and high energy density. In low light or at night, the battery pack can release the stored electrical energy to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0012] Supercapacitor bank: It includes several supercapacitors and is used to store electrical energy. It can provide instantaneous power support. When there is an instantaneous fluctuation in the power grid or photovoltaic panel group, the supercapacitor bank can quickly release or absorb electrical energy to stabilize the output voltage and current of the system. By sharing the instantaneous power demand of the battery bank, the supercapacitor bank can extend the service life of the battery and reduce the number of deep discharges. In emergency situations, the supercapacitor bank can serve as a backup power source.

[0013] Converter group: includes several converters, which are used to convert the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel group into a voltage and current suitable for charging the battery group and the supercapacitor group.

[0014] Inverter: used to convert the DC power in the battery bank and supercapacitor bank into AC power for use by various equipment in the livestock farm.

[0015] Grid connection mechanism: used to integrate photovoltaic power generation into the grid and charge the battery pack as needed. When the power generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm, the excess power can be transmitted to the grid through the grid connection mechanism; when there is insufficient light or at night, the grid connection mechanism can draw power from the grid to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0016] Joint control mechanism: connected to the photovoltaic panel group, battery group, supercapacitor group, converter group, inverter network and control their operation. The joint control mechanism can monitor the operating status of the system in real time and adjust the operating parameters of each component according to the information to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources.

[0017] Photovoltaic panel abnormality identification module: By monitoring the voltage, current and power of each photovoltaic panel, the working status of the photovoltaic panel is identified and abnormal conditions of abnormal operation of the photovoltaic panel are analyzed in time.

[0018] Visualization interface: Displays key data of photovoltaic panels, batteries, supercapacitors, converters, inverters and grid connection mechanisms to livestock farm managers in real time so that they can quickly understand the system status.

[0019] Security mechanism: including electrical safety protection, emergency power switching, lightning protection and grounding protection.

[0020] Through the above technical solution, photovoltaic panels are installed on the roof, open space or surrounding areas of the livestock farm, which can maximize the reception of solar energy and convert it into electrical energy, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy. The battery group and the supercapacitor group together constitute an energy storage system, which can provide power support for the livestock farm in insufficient light or at night to ensure the stability of power supply. The supercapacitor group can also provide instantaneous power support, stabilize the output voltage and current of the system, and extend the service life of the battery. The joint control mechanism monitors the operating status of the system in real time, and adjusts the working parameters of each component according to the information to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources. The security mechanism includes electrical safety protection, emergency power switching, and lightning protection and grounding protection to ensure that the system can operate safely and stably under abnormal conditions.

[0021] As an optional solution of the present invention, the joint control mechanism includes:

[0022] Data collection module: collects various data of photovoltaic panel groups, loads, battery groups, and supercapacitor groups.

[0023] Photovoltaic panel group data: collects data such as the power generation power, temperature, working hours, etc. of each photovoltaic panel, as well as the total power generation and power generation efficiency of the entire panel group.

[0024] Load power data: monitor the real-time power demand of each load equipment in the livestock farm, including the power consumption of lighting, ventilation, feed processing and other equipment.

[0025] Battery Pack Data: Collects data such as capacity, voltage, current, internal resistance, temperature, and charge and discharge status of the battery pack to assess its health status and remaining capacity.

[0026] Supercapacitor bank data: Monitor the capacity, voltage, temperature, and charge and discharge times of the supercapacitor bank to ensure that it can quickly respond to the instantaneous power needs of the system.

[0027] Weather data acquisition module: real-time acquisition of weather data, including light intensity and light time; real-time acquisition of current light intensity data to evaluate the power generation potential of photovoltaic panels. Statistics of daily light time to provide the system with reference information on light resources.

[0028] Monitoring module: Real-time monitoring of the system's operating status, including photovoltaic panel power generation data, load power data, battery pack capacity, supercapacitor pack capacity data, and key parameters such as voltage, current, power, and working time. Through high-precision sensors and data acquisition equipment, various system parameters are monitored in real time to ensure data accuracy and real-time performance. The monitored data is analyzed in real time, and once abnormal values ​​or trend changes are found, the alarm mechanism is triggered immediately for timely processing.

[0029] Data analysis module: Through data analysis algorithms, the system operation status is monitored in real time. Once abnormal data or potential faults are found, the early warning mechanism is immediately triggered and fault diagnosis information is provided to help managers take timely measures.

[0030] Control strategy module: According to actual needs, the control strategy of the joint control mechanism is set in the monitoring software, including the monitoring and adjustment rules of parameters such as light intensity, light time, load power demand, battery pack charging status, grid voltage, etc. Control the charging and discharging of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack; control the integration of the remaining photovoltaic power generation into the grid.

[0031] The present invention provides a method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in a livestock farm, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Install photovoltaic panels on the roof, open space or suitable surrounding areas of the farm to maximize the reception of solar energy and convert it into electricity.

[0033] S2, through the converter group, converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel group into the voltage and current required for safe and efficient charging of the battery group and the supercapacitor group.

[0034] S3. The battery pack stores photovoltaic power generation; when there is insufficient light or at night, the battery pack can release the stored electricity to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0035] S4. The supercapacitor group is responsible for providing instantaneous power support. When there is an instantaneous fluctuation in the power grid or photovoltaic panel group, it can quickly respond and release or absorb electrical energy, thereby stabilizing the output voltage and current of the system and effectively extending the service life of the battery group. In addition, in an emergency, the supercapacitor group can also serve as a backup power source to provide necessary power support for key equipment in the livestock farm.

[0036] S5. The inverter converts the DC power in the battery pack and supercapacitor pack into AC power for use by various equipment in the livestock farm.

[0037] S6. The grid connection mechanism is responsible for integrating the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system into the grid, and managing the charging or discharging of the battery pack according to actual needs or system status. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the needs of the livestock farm, the excess electricity can be transmitted to the grid through the grid connection mechanism; when there is insufficient light or at night, the grid connection mechanism can draw electricity from the grid to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0038] S7. The joint control mechanism monitors the operating status of the system in real time, including light intensity, light duration, power requirements of load operation, battery pack charging status, grid voltage, etc., and adjusts the operating parameters of each component based on this information to ensure stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources. The joint control mechanism can also realize remote monitoring and intelligent control functions, so that livestock farm managers can understand the operating status of the system at any time and make adjustments and optimizations as needed.

[0039] S8. The security agency is responsible for the security protection of the photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system of the livestock farm, including but not limited to physical protection, network security protection and emergency response.

[0040] S9. The visualization interface displays key data of photovoltaic panels, batteries, supercapacitors, converters, inverters and grid connection mechanisms to livestock farm managers in real time so that they can quickly understand the system status.

[0041] 3. Beneficial effects

[0042] One or more technical solutions provided in the technical solution of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0043] 1. The present invention uses a battery group and a supercapacitor group to form an energy storage system, which can provide power support for livestock farms in insufficient light or at night to ensure the stability of power supply. The supercapacitor group can also provide instantaneous power support, stabilize the output voltage and current of the system, and extend the service life of the battery.

[0044] 2. The joint control mechanism monitors the operating status of the system in real time and adjusts the working parameters of each component based on the information to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources.

[0045] 3. By real-time monitoring of the voltage, current, temperature of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack, as well as the power generation of the photovoltaic panel, the system can intelligently control the charging and discharging process to ensure that the battery pack operates under safe and efficient conditions. The intelligent charging and discharging strategy avoids overcharging, over-discharging and deep discharge of the battery, significantly prolongs the battery life and reduces long-term operation and maintenance costs. The system can dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy according to the power generation of the photovoltaic panel and the load demand to maximize the utilization of energy.

[0046] 4. Maximize energy utilization: When the photovoltaic panel group generates excess electricity, the system can automatically connect the excess electricity to the grid to achieve energy sharing and maximize utilization. When the photovoltaic power is insufficient, the system can quickly switch to the grid power supply mode to ensure that the power demand of the livestock farm is met, and use the grid to charge the battery group and supercapacitor group. During the grid connection process, the system can ensure that parameters such as voltage, frequency, and phase are consistent with the grid to avoid impact on the grid and ensure grid connection safety.

[0047] 5. The built-in control strategy module of the system can quickly identify and locate the fault point, such as battery pack failure, inverter failure, etc. Once the fault is identified, the system can immediately take corresponding measures to handle the fault, such as blocking the charging or discharging control signal, switching to the backup power supply, etc., to ensure the rapid recovery and stable operation of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the supporting component structure of a livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system disclosed in a preferred embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Reference Figure 1The embodiment of the present application provides a livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system, including:

[0052] Photovoltaic panels: include several photovoltaic panels, which receive solar energy and convert it into electricity; the panels can receive solar energy and convert it into electricity through the photoelectric effect. Photovoltaic panels are installed on the roof, open space or surrounding areas of the farm to maximize the use of solar energy resources.

[0053] Battery pack: includes several batteries for storing electrical energy; the batteries can be lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries or other types of rechargeable batteries with long cycle life and high energy density. In low light or at night, the battery pack can release the stored electrical energy to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0054] Supercapacitor bank: It includes several supercapacitors and is used to store electrical energy. Supercapacitor banks can provide instantaneous power support. When there is an instantaneous fluctuation in the power grid or photovoltaic panel bank, the supercapacitor bank can quickly release or absorb electrical energy to stabilize the output voltage and current of the system. It can extend the life of the battery. By sharing the instantaneous power demand of the battery bank, the supercapacitor bank can extend the service life of the battery and reduce the number of deep discharges. In an emergency, the supercapacitor bank can be used as a backup power source to provide power support for key equipment.

[0055] Converter group: It includes several converters, which are used to convert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel group into a voltage and current suitable for charging the battery group and supercapacitor group. The converter adopts advanced power electronics technology, such as PWM (pulse width modulation) or SPWM (sine wave pulse width modulation) technology to ensure efficient energy conversion and accurate battery management. The converter also has a battery status monitoring function, which can detect the charging status of the battery group in real time to prevent overcharging or over-discharging.

[0056] Inverter: used to convert the DC power in the battery pack and supercapacitor pack into AC power for use by various equipment in the livestock farm. The inverter uses advanced control technology, such as PID (proportional-integral-differential) control or digital signal processing (DSP) technology to ensure stable output voltage and current. In addition, the inverter can also work with the grid connection mechanism to achieve the grid-connected operation of photovoltaic power generation and the function of drawing power from the grid.

[0057] Grid connection mechanism: used to integrate photovoltaic power generation into the grid and charge the battery pack as needed. When the power generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm, the excess power can be transmitted to the grid through the grid connection mechanism; when there is insufficient light or at night, the grid connection mechanism can draw power from the grid to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0058] Joint control mechanism: connected to the photovoltaic panel group, battery group, supercapacitor group, converter group, inverter network and control their operation. The joint control mechanism can monitor the operating status of the system in real time, including light intensity, light time, power demand of load operation, battery group charging status, grid voltage, etc., and adjust the operating parameters of each component according to this information to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources. The joint control mechanism can also realize remote monitoring and intelligent control functions, so that livestock farm managers can understand the operating status of the system at any time and adjust and optimize it as needed. This helps to improve the energy self-sufficiency rate and energy utilization efficiency of livestock farms, reduce energy costs, and also help reduce carbon emissions and environmental pollution.

[0059] Photovoltaic panel abnormality identification module: By monitoring the voltage, current and power of each photovoltaic panel, the working status of the photovoltaic panel is identified and abnormal conditions of abnormal operation of the photovoltaic panel are analyzed in time.

[0060] Visualization interface: Displays key data of photovoltaic panels, batteries, supercapacitors, converters, inverters and grid connection mechanisms to livestock farm managers in real time so that they can quickly understand the system status.

[0061] Security mechanism: including electrical safety protection, emergency power switching, lightning protection and grounding protection.

[0062] Electrical safety protection: including overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, short circuit protection, etc., to ensure that the system can operate safely and stably under abnormal conditions.

[0063] Emergency power switching: In the event of a power grid failure or emergency, fast and reliable emergency power switching is achieved to ensure continuous power supply to key equipment in the livestock farm.

[0064] Lightning protection and grounding protection: Through lightning protection and grounding measures, the system's ability to resist lightning strikes is improved to protect the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0065] In this technical solution, photovoltaic panels are installed on the roof, open space or surrounding areas of the farm, which can maximize the reception of solar energy and convert it into electrical energy, thereby improving the utilization rate of solar energy. The battery group and supercapacitor group together constitute an energy storage system, which can provide power support for the farm in insufficient light or at night to ensure the stability of power supply. The supercapacitor group can also provide instantaneous power support, stabilize the output voltage and current of the system, and extend the service life of the battery. The joint control mechanism monitors the operating status of the system in real time, and adjusts the working parameters of each component according to the information to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources. The security mechanism includes electrical safety protection, emergency power switching, and lightning protection and grounding protection to ensure that the system can operate safely and stably under abnormal conditions.

[0066] Furthermore, the grid connection mechanism includes components such as smart meters, circuit breakers, and disconnectors to ensure safe and reliable operation of the system.

[0067] Smart meters: They can not only monitor and record the consumption and generation of electric energy in real time, but also communicate with the power grid in two directions to realize functions such as remote meter reading, electricity bill settlement, and load management. Through data analysis, smart meters can help livestock farms optimize energy use and reduce electricity costs.

[0068] Circuit breaker: A safety protection device that can quickly cut off the power supply when the current is too large or the circuit fails, preventing equipment damage and safety accidents such as fire. Installing a circuit breaker at the connection between the photovoltaic power generation system and the power grid can ensure that the fault is quickly isolated in an emergency and protect the entire system from damage.

[0069] Isolating switch: It is mainly used to isolate the equipment from the power supply during inspection or maintenance to ensure the safety of the staff. At the same time, it can also disconnect the photovoltaic power generation system from the power grid when necessary to achieve independent operation. The isolating switch has a clear disconnection point, which is convenient for observing and confirming the disconnection state of the circuit. When the power generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm, the grid connection mechanism will automatically transfer the excess power to the grid. This not only avoids the waste of power, but also brings additional income to the livestock farm. When there is sufficient light and excess power, the grid connection mechanism can also charge the battery group as needed to provide power support for the livestock farm when there is insufficient light or at night. When the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation system is insufficient to meet the needs of the livestock farm during insufficient light or at night, the grid connection mechanism will automatically draw power from the grid to ensure the normal power supply of the livestock farm.

[0070] Circuit breakers and isolating switches can quickly cut off power or isolate faulty areas in the event of circuit failure or emergency, protecting the safe and stable operation of the entire system. Through the grid connection mechanism, livestock farms can achieve self-sufficiency in electricity and access surplus electricity to the grid, reducing electricity costs; at the same time, the application of smart meters can also help livestock farms optimize energy usage structure and improve energy efficiency. In addition, the safety protection function of the grid connection mechanism also provides a strong guarantee for the safe production of livestock farms.

[0071] Furthermore, the joint control bodies include:

[0072] Data collection module: collects various data of photovoltaic panel groups, loads, battery groups, and supercapacitor groups.

[0073] Photovoltaic panel group data: collects data such as the power generation power, temperature, working hours, etc. of each photovoltaic panel, as well as the total power generation and power generation efficiency of the entire panel group.

[0074] Load power data: monitor the real-time power demand of each load equipment in the livestock farm, including the power consumption of lighting, ventilation, feed processing and other equipment.

[0075] Battery Pack Data: Collects data such as capacity, voltage, current, internal resistance, temperature, and charge and discharge status of the battery pack to assess its health status and remaining capacity.

[0076] Supercapacitor bank data: Monitor the capacity, voltage, temperature, and charge and discharge times of the supercapacitor bank to ensure that it can quickly respond to the instantaneous power needs of the system.

[0077] Weather data acquisition module: real-time acquisition of weather data, including light intensity and light time; real-time acquisition of current light intensity data to evaluate the power generation potential of photovoltaic panels. Statistics of daily light time to provide the system with reference information on light resources.

[0078] Monitoring module: Real-time monitoring of the system's operating status, including photovoltaic panel power generation data, load power data, battery pack capacity, supercapacitor pack capacity data, and key parameters such as voltage, current, power, and working time. Through high-precision sensors and data acquisition equipment, various system parameters are monitored in real time to ensure the accuracy and real-time nature of the data. The monitored data is analyzed in real time. Once an abnormal value or trend change is found, the alarm mechanism is triggered immediately for timely processing. The monitored data is stored in the database for subsequent analysis and optimization.

[0079] Data analysis module: Through data analysis algorithms, the system operation status is monitored in real time. Once abnormal data or potential faults are found, the early warning mechanism is immediately triggered and fault diagnosis information is provided to help managers take timely measures.

[0080] Control strategy module: According to actual needs, the control strategy of the joint control mechanism is set in the monitoring software, including the monitoring and adjustment rules of parameters such as light intensity, light time, load power demand, battery pack charging status, grid voltage, etc. Control the charging and discharging of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack; control the integration of the remaining photovoltaic power generation into the grid.

[0081] Furthermore, the control strategy module sets the control strategy of the joint control mechanism in the monitoring software according to actual needs, including the following steps:

[0082] Charge and discharge control: Based on the capacity of the battery pack and the capacity of the supercapacitor pack, as well as the remaining energy, voltage, temperature and other data, combined with the power and working hours of the load, the power generation power and working hours of the photovoltaic panels are considered to reasonably control the charging and discharging; the charging and discharging process is intelligently controlled to ensure the stable operation of the system and extend the battery life.

[0083] Grid connection control: When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm, the remaining photovoltaic power generation is connected to the grid through the control strategy to maximize the utilization of energy. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group cannot meet the demand of the livestock farm, the grid is used to supply power to the load through the control strategy, and the battery group and supercapacitor group are charged at the same time.

[0084] Remote monitoring and adjustment: Provide remote monitoring function, so that livestock farm managers can understand the operating status of the system at any time and make remote adjustments and optimizations as needed.

[0085] Fault handling and recovery: Once a system fault or abnormality occurs, the control strategy module can quickly identify and take appropriate measures to handle the fault, ensuring rapid recovery and stable operation of the system.

[0086] In this technical solution, the joint control organization realizes real-time monitoring, intelligent control and optimized management of the livestock farm's photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system through the coordinated work of its various components, providing strong support for the sustainable development of the livestock farm.

[0087] Further, the charge and discharge control includes the following steps:

[0088] 1. Data collection and monitoring: The voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack are monitored in real time through voltage sensors, current sensors and temperature sensors. Data such as the power generation power and working hours of the photovoltaic panels, as well as the power demand and working hours of the loads are collected.

[0089] 2. Data analysis and calculation:

[0090] Remaining energy calculation: Calculate the remaining energy of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack based on their current voltage and capacity.

[0091] Charging demand assessment: Based on the capacity, voltage, temperature and other data of the battery and supercapacitor groups, combined with the power generation and working hours of the photovoltaic panels and the power demand of the load, the charging and discharging process is intelligently controlled to ensure the stable operation of the system and extend the battery life. The impact of battery capacity, voltage, temperature and other parameters on the charging and discharging process is considered.

[0092] 3. Discharge strategy formulation: Develop a discharge strategy based on the power demand and working hours of the load to ensure that the battery pack and supercapacitor pack are not over-discharged while meeting the load demand.

[0093] Charge and discharge control strategy:

[0094] Charging control:

[0095] Pre-charging stage: When the voltage of the battery pack or supercapacitor pack is lower than a certain set value, a small current is used for pre-charging to avoid damage to the battery.

[0096] Constant current charging stage: After the voltage rises to a certain range, constant current charging is adopted to charge with the set current.

[0097] Constant voltage charging stage: When the voltage reaches the maximum value, it changes to constant voltage charging, the voltage is maintained at the set value, and the charging current decreases as the battery power increases until the charging is completed.

[0098] Intelligent adjustment: Dynamically adjust the charging current and voltage according to the power generation of the photovoltaic panel and the charging state of the battery pack or supercapacitor pack to optimize the charging efficiency.

[0099] The charging evaluation is performed according to the following formula: P opt chg (t)=min{max[k1*SOC(t)+k2*V(t)+k3*T(t)+k4*P in (t)+k5,P excess PV (t)*η chg ],P max bat}*exp[-λ*DOD cycle (t)]*[Health bat (t) / 100]; where P opt chg (t) represents the dynamic optimal charging power at time t. SOC(t) represents the remaining power percentage of the battery at time t (State of Charge). V(t) represents the actual operating voltage of the battery at time t (actual voltage). T(t) represents the ambient temperature of the battery at time t (ambient temperature). excess PV (t) represents the excess power generated by the PV system at time t that exceeds the demand of the farm. PV stands for photovoltaic. Excess represents the excess. η chg Indicates charging efficiency, that is, the ratio of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system to battery charging power. max bat Indicates the maximum charging power allowed by the battery to prevent overcharging. cycle (t) indicates the depth of discharge of the battery in the current charge / discharge cycle. bat(t) represents the health status of the battery at time t, which is a percentage value, indicating the capacity or performance of the battery relative to the new state. k1, k2, k3, k4 and k5 are coefficients that need to be determined through experiments or simulations. λ is a coefficient used to control the degree of influence of deep discharge on the adjustment factor. P in (t) represents the effective charging power of the supercapacitor at time t. This depends on the current state of the supercapacitor (such as remaining charge and voltage) and the charging strategy of the system.

[0100] Discharge control: including discharge current limitation, intelligent management and discharge depth control.

[0101] Discharge current limitation: Prevents the battery pack or supercapacitor pack from over-discharging and overheating by limiting the discharge current.

[0102] Discharge depth control: Avoid deep discharge, which will accelerate battery aging. Keep the battery within a certain range (such as 20% to 80%).

[0103] Intelligent management: Intelligently manage the discharge process according to the load power demand and working time to ensure that the load demand is met while extending the battery life. Calculate the discharge power according to the following formula: P * d (t) = min{P demand (t), max[α1*SOC(t)+α2*V(t)+α3*T(t)+α4,0]+min[Peff(t),P maxsys -P maxtbat ]}; where P * d (t) represents the dynamic optimal discharge power at time t. It is the power that the system should discharge according to the current conditions to ensure that the life of the battery and supercapacitor is extended as much as possible while meeting the load demand. demand (t) represents the power demand of the system at time t, that is, the power required by the load. α1, α2, α3, and α4 are coefficients that need to be determined by experiments, simulations, or model-based optimization. These coefficients reflect the effects of the remaining battery capacity (SOC), operating voltage (V), temperature (T), system power demand (Pdemand), and a constant term on the discharge power. SOC(t), V(t), T(t), and P demand (t) represent the remaining battery power percentage, operating voltage, ambient temperature (or operating temperature) and system power demand at time t. max bat Indicates the maximum discharge power allowed by the battery. eff(t) represents the effective discharge power that the supercapacitor can actually contribute to the system at time t. This value may be affected by the supercapacitor discharge efficiency, internal resistance and system load characteristics. maxsys Indicates the maximum discharge power that the system can withstand, that is, the maximum power output allowed by the system. maxbat It indicates the maximum discharge power allowed by the battery, that is, the maximum power that the battery can discharge without damaging its life.

[0104] 4. Intelligent control implementation: Use advanced control algorithms (such as PID controllers) to optimize the state of charge (SOC) of battery packs and supercapacitor packs. Use machine learning algorithms (such as neural networks) to predict the SOC and SOH (health state) of battery packs and supercapacitor packs to achieve more accurate charge and discharge control. Dynamically adjust the charging and discharging parameters according to the actual state of the battery and external conditions (such as temperature, load working requirements).

[0105] 5. System monitoring and maintenance: Real-time monitoring of the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack, as well as the power generation status of the photovoltaic panel and the power demand of the load. Set alarm thresholds. When the battery parameters exceed the normal range, issue an alarm in time and take protective measures (such as blocking the charging or discharging control signal). Analyze the collected data, calculate the remaining capacity, health status and other indicators of the battery, and predict the battery life and performance change trend.

[0106] In this technical solution, intelligent charge and discharge control of battery packs and supercapacitors can be achieved to ensure stable operation of the system and extend battery life. At the same time, through real-time monitoring and data analysis, potential problems can be discovered and solved in a timely manner, improving the reliability and safety of the system.

[0107] Furthermore, the grid connection control includes the following steps:

[0108] 1. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm

[0109] 1. Power monitoring: Real-time monitoring of the power generated by the photovoltaic panel group through sensors or smart meters. At the same time, the power demand of the livestock farm is monitored, including fixed loads (such as lighting, ventilation, feed processing, etc.) and variable loads (such as changes in power demand caused by changes in the number of animals).

[0110] 2. Electricity calculation and comparison: Based on the monitoring data, calculate the difference between the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group and the current demand of the livestock farm. If the difference is greater than zero, it means that the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm.

[0111] 3. Grid connection decision: When it is determined that there is excess power, the system starts the grid connection control strategy. The excess photovoltaic power is converted into AC power that meets the grid requirements through the inverter. The grid connection evaluation is carried out according to the following formula: E Surplus (t) = η(t) × [E PV (t)-E Demand (t)-E Storage_Discharge (t)+E Storage_Charge (t)]; E Grid (t)=max[0,E Surplus (t)×μ]; where E Surplus (t) is the remaining power of the system after meeting its own needs (including the charging and discharging needs of the battery pack and supercapacitor) at time t. The unit is kWh (kilowatt-hour) or Wh (watt-hour), depending on the scale of the system and the measurement accuracy. η(t) is the adjustment coefficient at time t, which is used to reflect the system efficiency, loss, weather conditions, battery status or other influencing factors. The value range is usually a number between 0 and 1, but in some special cases it may also be greater than 1 (indicating that the system efficiency is very high or there is some gain). E PV (t) is the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel group at time t. E Demand (t) is the electric energy required by the livestock farm or other electrical equipment at time t. Storage_Discharge (t) is the electric energy discharged by the battery pack and / or supercapacitor at time t. Note that the discharged electric energy here is regarded as the part that needs to be deducted from the excess electric energy. Storage_Charge (t) is the energy absorbed by the battery pack and / or supercapacitor at time t. The energy absorbed here increases the excess energy of the system. E Grid (t) is the actual amount of electricity that can be connected to the grid at time t after the battery pack and supercapacitor are charged and discharged. μ is the grid connection efficiency coefficient, which is used to reflect the energy loss or conversion efficiency during the grid connection process. Value range: usually a number between 0 and 1. This coefficient takes into account various losses that may occur during the grid connection process, such as inverter efficiency, line loss, etc.

[0112] 4. Electricity grid connection: The converted AC power is sent to the grid through the grid connection device. During the grid connection process, it is necessary to ensure that the voltage, frequency, phase and other parameters are consistent with the grid to avoid impact on the grid.

[0113] 5. Recording and feedback: Record the power data during the grid connection process, including grid connection time, grid connection power, etc. Based on the feedback data, continuously optimize the grid connection control strategy and improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0114] 2. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group cannot meet the needs of the livestock farm:

[0115] 1. Power monitoring and demand assessment: Use sensors or smart meters to monitor the power generated by photovoltaic panels in real time. Assess the power demand of the livestock farm and determine the current power gap.

[0116] The electricity gap is assessed according to the following formula.

[0117] E Gap (t)=max{0,E Req (t)-E PV (t)-E BD [Q Battery (t),D(t)]*η Battery -E SD [Q Supercap (t),D(t)]*η

[0118] Supercap}.

[0119] Q Battery (t+1)=Q Battery (t)+D(t)*E Charge (t)*η Battery .

[0120] Q Supercap (t+1)=Q Supercap (t)+D(t)*E Charge (t)*η Supercap .

[0121] E Req (t)=∑ n i＝1 (P i ×t i );where E Gap (t) represents the power gap at time t, that is, the difference between the power required by the system and the power available (including photovoltaic power generation, battery discharge and supercapacitor discharge) (if the value is negative, it is taken as 0, indicating that the situation of excess power is not considered in this formula, and only the situation of insufficient power is considered). E Req (t) represents the power required by the system at time t, which is determined based on load demand, system stability requirements or other factors. PV (t) represents the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system at time t. It depends on factors such as the intensity of solar radiation, the efficiency of photovoltaic panels, and the capacity of the photovoltaic system. BD [Q Battery (t), D(t)] represents the remaining power Q of the battery at time t. Battery (t) and decision variable D(t), the power that the battery can discharge. This function is affected by factors such as battery discharge rate, temperature, and internal resistance. SD [Q Supercap(t), D(t)] represents the remaining power Q based on the supercapacitor at time t. Supercap (t) and decision variable D(t), the power that the supercapacitor can release is affected by factors such as the supercapacitor discharge rate and internal resistance. Battery and η Supercap They represent the efficiency of batteries and supercapacitors during discharge. They take into account the energy loss caused by internal resistance, heat generation and other factors during discharge. Battery (t) and Q Supercap (t) represent the remaining capacity of the battery and supercapacitor at time t, respectively. They change over time and depend on the charging and discharging behavior. D(t) is a decision variable that represents the system's operational decision on the battery and supercapacitor at time t (charging, discharging, or maintaining the state). If D(t) is positive, it means charging; if D(t) is negative, it means discharging. Q Battery (t+1) represents the charge in the battery at time t+1. Battery (t) represents the charge in the battery at time t. Charge (t) represents the amount of energy charged at time point t. Supercap (t+1) represents the charge in the supercapacitor at time t+1. Supercap (t) represents the charge in the supercapacitor at time t. i Indicates the power of the i-th electrical device. This value is a numerical value that indicates the ability of the device to consume electrical energy per unit time. The unit may be kilowatt (kW) or other appropriate power units. i Indicates the expected working time of the i-th electrical device. This value is a numerical value that indicates the length of time the device is expected to work during time period t.

[0122] The cost of electricity is evaluated according to the following formula to minimize the total cost of electricity from the grid.

[0123] Where Z is the total cost, which is the target to be calculated or optimized, and represents the total cost incurred by the electrical equipment due to charging and direct power supply from the grid during the entire time period. Req (t) represents the power required by the system at time t, which is determined based on load demand, system stability requirements or other factors. t is the charging cost coefficient for time period t. This is a composite coefficient that combines multiple factors, including electricity prices and possible policy subsidies or tax incentives. It reflects the unit cost of charging in time period t. tstart represents the starting point of the time period, which can be any specific time point. tend represents the end point of the time period. η t (B t-1) is the charging efficiency during period t. This is the battery charge level B t-1 This means that the charging efficiency may vary as the battery charge level changes. For example, when the battery is close to full charge, the charging efficiency may be reduced to avoid overcharging and damaging the battery. t It is the portion of the electricity purchased from the grid during period t that is used to charge the battery. This is one of the decision variables, indicating how much electricity we plan to purchase from the grid for charging in each period. t is the grid electricity price at time period t. This is the basis for calculating the electricity charges of electrical devices that are directly powered by the grid. The electricity price may change over time, for example, the peak electricity price is high and the off-peak electricity price is low.

[0124] Minimize electricity costs by:

[0125] Optimize charging time: Increase charging volume during periods of lower electricity prices (such as off-peak hours) to reduce charging costs.

[0126] Consider charging efficiency: Charge when the battery is low, as charging efficiency is generally higher at this time (assuming that charging efficiency decreases as the battery increases). Also avoid overcharging when the battery is close to full, as this may reduce efficiency and increase costs.

[0127] Manage direct electricity demand: For devices that must be powered directly from the grid, try to use them during times when electricity prices are lower, if possible, or reduce demand through energy-saving measures.

[0128] Utilize energy storage equipment in different time periods: Use energy storage equipment such as batteries to store low-priced electricity and use it when the price is high to balance the impact of electricity price fluctuations on costs.

[0129] 2. Grid power supply decision: When it is determined that there is insufficient power, the system starts the grid power supply control strategy. The grid power is introduced into the livestock farm power supply system through grid interface equipment (such as circuit breakers, inverters, etc.).

[0130] 3. Grid power supply: Ensure the grid power supply process is stable and meet the power demand of the livestock farm. At the same time, monitor the power quality during the grid power supply process, such as voltage fluctuations, frequency changes, etc.

[0131] 4. Charging of battery packs and supercapacitors: While the grid is supplying power, the battery packs and supercapacitors are charged through the charging controller. During the charging process, the charging current and voltage must be controlled to avoid overcharging and overheating. The charging status of the battery packs and supercapacitors is monitored to ensure a safe and efficient charging process.

[0132] 5. Recording and feedback: Record the power data during the power supply and charging process, including power supply time, power supply amount, charging time, charging amount, etc. Based on the feedback data, continuously optimize the power supply and charging control strategy of the power grid to improve the reliability and economy of the system.

[0133] In this technical solution, the grid-connected control strategy can realize the intelligent dispatch between the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group and the needs of the livestock farm and the power grid, so as to maximize the utilization of energy. At the same time, this strategy can also ensure the stability and reliability of the system and improve the efficiency and economy of energy utilization.

[0134] Furthermore, the data analysis module monitors the system operation status in real time through a data analysis algorithm, including the following steps:

[0135] 1. Historical data collection and analysis: Through the database system or data warehouse, collect the historical operation data of key components such as photovoltaic panels, batteries, supercapacitors, converters, inverters, and grid connection mechanisms. Ensure the integrity, accuracy, and traceability of the data. Form a complete historical data set to provide a basis for subsequent data analysis and model training.

[0136] 2. Real-time data collection: Use sensors and monitoring equipment to collect key data such as the light intensity and illumination time of the photovoltaic panel group, the charging status of the battery group and supercapacitor group, the operating parameters of the converter group and inverter, and the voltage, current and power factor of the power grid in real time. Through the establishment of real-time data flow, the latest data source is provided for data analysis. The data includes but is not limited to light intensity, illumination time, power demand of load operation, battery group charging status, power grid voltage, current, power factor, etc.

[0137] 3. Data analysis: Use statistical methods, time series analysis and other data analysis algorithms to process and analyze real-time data. Set reasonable thresholds and anomaly detection rules to identify abnormal data or potential fault signs.

[0138] 4. Build a machine learning model: Integrate historical data and real-time data to build a data set for the machine learning model. Select an appropriate machine learning algorithm (such as decision tree, support vector machine, neural network, etc.) for model training. Based on the trained model, design an adaptive control algorithm so that it can automatically adjust the control strategy according to real-time weather, load demand, and power grid status. Train an effective machine learning model to provide decision support for the adaptive control algorithm. The model is: θ * =argmin θ∈Θ {(1 / m)*∑ m i＝1 [θ0+θ1*X1 (i) +θ2*X2 (i)+…+θ n *X n (i) -Y (i) ] 2}; where θ * Represents the optimal parameter set of the model, which is the parameter set obtained by minimizing the loss function, which makes the model perform best on the training data. θ represents the parameters of the model. θ is a vector containing the intercept term θ0 and the coefficients of each feature θ1, θ2, …, θ n . Θ represents the parameter space. This is a set of all possible parameter values. In practical applications, we usually search for the optimal parameter in a limited parameter space. argmin means to find the parameter value that minimizes the following expression. m represents the number of samples, which is the total number of samples in the training data set. i represents the index of the sample. X1 (i) ,X2 (i) ,…,X n (i) Y represents the input features of the i-th sample. These features are used to calculate the predicted value of the model. (i) Represents the target output of the i-th sample. This is the true value that the model needs to predict.

[0139] 5. Design energy optimization scheduling strategy: Integrate data such as the power generation potential of photovoltaic panels, load demand, energy storage status of battery and supercapacitor groups, and grid electricity prices. Conduct a comprehensive analysis of these data to evaluate the reliability and economy of different energy sources. Based on the analysis results, design energy optimization scheduling strategies to ensure that the economic and environmental benefits of the system are maximized while meeting the load demand. Develop a reasonable energy optimization scheduling strategy to improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0140] 6. Algorithm verification and optimization: Verify and test the adaptive control algorithm in a simulated environment. According to the test results, optimize and adjust the algorithm to ensure its accuracy and reliability in practical applications. Verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, optimize the algorithm performance, and provide reliable guarantee for practical applications.

[0141] 7. Triggering of the early warning mechanism: Once abnormal data or potential faults are found, the early warning mechanism is triggered immediately. Early warning information is sent to livestock farm managers through the system interface, SMS, email, etc. Combined with the fault diagnosis knowledge base, it provides preliminary fault diagnosis information to assist managers to quickly locate the problem and take corresponding countermeasures. Potential faults are discovered and handled in a timely manner to ensure stable operation of the system.

[0142] Through the above steps, the data analysis module can realize functions such as real-time monitoring, early warning, historical data analysis, adaptive control algorithm development and energy optimization scheduling strategy formulation of the operating status of the livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage joint control system, providing strong support for the stable operation and efficient utilization of the system.

[0143] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel abnormality identification module monitors the voltage, current and power of each photovoltaic panel and timely analyzes the abnormal situation of the photovoltaic panel not working properly; the following steps are included:

[0144] 1. Determine monitoring requirements: clarify the number, location and specific parameters (voltage, current, power) of photovoltaic panels that need to be monitored. Determine the accuracy, real-time performance, data storage and remote access requirements of the monitoring system. According to the monitoring requirements, select appropriate voltage sensors, current sensors, data collectors, data transmission equipment, etc. Ensure that the equipment has the characteristics of high accuracy, high stability and strong anti-interference ability.

[0145] 2. Install monitoring equipment: Install voltage sensors and current sensors in the photovoltaic panel array to ensure that the sensors are well connected to the photovoltaic panels. Install data collectors and configure corresponding communication modules (such as wireless modules, wired network modules, etc.). Install data transmission equipment (such as gateways, routers, etc.) to ensure that monitoring data can be transmitted to the monitoring center in real time.

[0146] 4. Build a monitoring platform: Select appropriate monitoring software or platform, configure the server and database. Design the user interface, including data display, alarm prompts, historical data query and other functions.

[0147] 5. Configure monitoring parameters: Configure monitoring parameters such as voltage, current, and power on the monitoring platform and set alarm thresholds to ensure that the monitoring equipment can accurately collect and transmit data.

[0148] 6. Real-time monitoring and analysis: Start the data collector, data transmission equipment and monitoring platform. Check whether the communication between the devices is normal and ensure that the data can be transmitted to the monitoring center in real time. View the voltage, current and power data of the photovoltaic panel in real time on the monitoring platform. Analyze the data change trend, find abnormal data in time and alarm. According to the abnormal data, judge the working status of the photovoltaic panel and take corresponding treatment measures.

[0149] 7. Abnormal handling: When the monitoring platform issues an alarm, check the alarm details immediately. According to the alarm information, determine whether the photovoltaic panel has any abnormal situation. If an abnormal situation occurs, immediately cut off the power supply and go to the site for inspection and handling.

[0150] 8. Data analysis and optimization: Regularly analyze historical data to understand the performance trend of photovoltaic panels. According to the analysis results, optimize the angle, position and other parameters of photovoltaic panels to improve power generation efficiency. Regularly maintain and calibrate monitoring equipment to ensure the accuracy and reliability of data.

[0151] In this technical solution, real-time monitoring and analysis of the voltage, current and power of photovoltaic panels can be achieved, abnormal situations can be discovered and handled in a timely manner, and strong guarantees can be provided for the stable operation and efficient power generation of photovoltaic power stations.

[0152] The present invention provides a method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in a livestock farm, comprising the following steps:

[0153] S1. Install photovoltaic panels on the roof, open space or suitable surrounding areas of the farm to maximize the reception of solar energy and convert it into electricity.

[0154] S2, through the converter group, converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel group into the voltage and current required for safe and efficient charging of the battery group and the supercapacitor group.

[0155] S3. The battery pack stores photovoltaic power generation; when there is insufficient light or at night, the battery pack can release the stored electricity to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0156] S4. The supercapacitor group is responsible for providing instantaneous power support. When there is an instantaneous fluctuation in the power grid or photovoltaic panel group, it can quickly respond and release or absorb electrical energy, thereby stabilizing the output voltage and current of the system and effectively extending the service life of the battery group. In addition, in an emergency, the supercapacitor group can also serve as a backup power source to provide necessary power support for key equipment in the livestock farm.

[0157] S5. The inverter converts the DC power in the battery pack and supercapacitor pack into AC power for use by various equipment in the livestock farm.

[0158] S6. The grid connection mechanism is responsible for integrating the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system into the grid, and managing the charging or discharging of the battery pack according to actual needs or system status. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the needs of the livestock farm, the excess electricity can be transmitted to the grid through the grid connection mechanism; when there is insufficient light or at night, the grid connection mechanism can draw electricity from the grid to provide power support for the livestock farm.

[0159] S7. The joint control mechanism monitors the operating status of the system in real time, including light intensity, light duration, power requirements of load operation, battery pack charging status, grid voltage, etc., and adjusts the operating parameters of each component based on this information to ensure stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources. The joint control mechanism can also realize remote monitoring and intelligent control functions, so that livestock farm managers can understand the operating status of the system at any time and make adjustments and optimizations as needed.

[0160] S8. The security agency is responsible for the security protection of the photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system of the livestock farm, including but not limited to physical protection, network security protection and emergency response.

[0161] S9. The visualization interface displays key data of photovoltaic panels, batteries, supercapacitors, converters, inverters and grid connection mechanisms to livestock farm managers in real time so that they can quickly understand the system status.

[0162] The working principle of the photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system of a livestock farm of the present invention is as follows: a photovoltaic panel group is installed on the roof, open space or surrounding suitable area of ​​the livestock farm to maximize the reception of solar energy and convert it into electrical energy. The direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel group is converted into the voltage and current required for safe and efficient charging of the battery group and the supercapacitor group through the converter group. The battery group stores the photovoltaic power generation; when the light is insufficient or at night, the battery group can release the stored electrical energy to provide power support for the livestock farm. The supercapacitor group is responsible for providing instantaneous power support. When the power grid or the photovoltaic panel group has instantaneous fluctuations, it can quickly respond and release or absorb electrical energy, thereby stabilizing the output voltage and current of the system and effectively extending the service life of the battery group. In addition, in an emergency, the supercapacitor group can also serve as a backup power supply to provide necessary power support for key equipment in the livestock farm. The inverter converts the direct current in the battery group and the supercapacitor group into alternating current for use by various equipment in the livestock farm. The grid connection mechanism is responsible for incorporating the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic power generation system into the grid, and managing the charging or discharging of the battery group according to actual needs or system status. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm, the excess electricity can be transmitted to the grid through the grid connection mechanism; when the light is insufficient or at night, the grid connection mechanism can draw electricity from the grid to provide power support for the livestock farm. The joint control mechanism monitors the operating status of the system in real time, including light intensity, light time, power demand of load operation, battery group charging status, grid voltage, etc., and adjusts the working parameters of each component based on this information to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources. The joint control mechanism can also realize remote monitoring and intelligent control functions, so that livestock farm managers can understand the operating status of the system at any time and adjust and optimize it as needed. The security agency is responsible for the security protection of the livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage joint control system, including but not limited to physical protection, network security protection and emergency response. The visual interface displays the key data of the photovoltaic panel group, battery group, supercapacitor group, converter group, inverter and grid connection mechanism to the livestock farm managers in real time so that they can quickly understand the system status.

[0163] The present invention uses a battery group and a supercapacitor group to form an energy storage system, which can provide power support for livestock farms in insufficient light or at night to ensure the stability of power supply. The supercapacitor group can also provide instantaneous power support, stabilize the output voltage and current of the system, and extend the service life of the battery. The joint control mechanism monitors the operating status of the system in real time, and adjusts the working parameters of each component according to the information to ensure the stable operation of the system and efficient use of solar energy resources. The security mechanism includes electrical safety protection, emergency power switching, and lightning protection and grounding protection to ensure that the system can operate safely and stably under abnormal conditions and protect the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0164] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in a livestock farm, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, photovoltaic panels receive solar energy and convert it into electrical energy; S2, the converter group converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel group into a voltage and current suitable for the battery group and the supercapacitor group; S3, the battery group stores the photovoltaic power generation and provides power support for the livestock farm; The data analysis module monitors the system operation status in real time through data analysis algorithms; S4, the supercapacitor group is responsible for providing instantaneous power support. As a backup power source, the supercapacitor group provides necessary power support for key equipment in the livestock farm; S5, the inverter converts the DC power in the battery bank and the supercapacitor bank into AC power; S6. The grid connection organization is responsible for connecting the electricity generated by the photovoltaic power generation system to the grid and managing the charging or discharging of the battery pack according to actual needs or system status; S7, the joint control mechanism monitors the system operation status in real time, and the control strategy module sets the operation strategy according to actual needs; it is responsible for controlling the charging and discharging process of the battery group and the supercapacitor group to ensure the effective storage and release of energy, and regulates the safe integration of excess photovoltaic power generation into the power grid; S8. The security agency is responsible for the security protection of the livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage joint control system, including physical protection, network security protection and emergency response; S9. The visualization interface displays the key data of the photovoltaic panel group, battery group, supercapacitor group, converter group, inverter and grid connection mechanism to the livestock farm manager in real time.

2. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S7 includes the following steps: S71, charge and discharge control: according to the capacity and remaining energy, voltage and temperature data of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack, combined with the power and working time of the load and photovoltaic panel, reasonably control the charge and discharge; S72, grid connection control: when the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm, the remaining photovoltaic power generation is connected to the grid; when the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group cannot meet the demand of the livestock farm, the load is powered by the grid, and the battery group and supercapacitor group are charged at the same time; S73, Remote Monitoring and Adjustment: Provide remote monitoring function, so that livestock farm managers can understand the operating status of the system at any time and make remote adjustments and optimizations as needed; S74, Fault handling and recovery: Once a system fault or abnormality occurs, quickly identify it and take appropriate measures to handle the fault to ensure rapid recovery and stable operation of the system.

3. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S71 includes the following steps: S711, data collection and monitoring: real-time monitoring of the voltage, current and temperature of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack; collection of photovoltaic panel power generation, working hours, load power demand and working hours data; S712, data analysis and calculation: Calculate the remaining energy of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack according to their current voltage and capacity; Intelligently control their charging and discharging process according to the capacity, voltage and temperature data of the battery pack and supercapacitor pack, combined with the power generation and working hours of the photovoltaic panels, and the load power requirements; S713, charge and discharge strategy formulation: formulate a charge and discharge strategy according to the power demand and working time of the load; including charge control and discharge control; S714, intelligent control implementation: use PID controller to optimize the charging state of battery pack and supercapacitor pack, use neural network algorithm to achieve precise charging and discharging control; dynamically adjust charging and discharging parameters according to the actual state of the battery and external conditions; S715, System monitoring and maintenance: Real-time monitoring of the parameters of the battery pack, photovoltaic panel and supercapacitor pack, setting alarm thresholds, and issuing alarms in time when the parameters exceed the normal range.

4. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The charging control in step S713 includes the following steps: S7131, pre-charging stage: when the voltage of the battery pack or supercapacitor pack is lower than a certain set value, a small current is used for pre-charging to avoid damage to the battery; S7132, constant current charging stage: after the voltage rises to a certain range, constant current charging is adopted; S7133, constant voltage charging stage: when the voltage reaches the maximum value, it changes to constant voltage charging; S7134, Intelligent adjustment: According to the power generation of the photovoltaic panel and the charging state of the battery pack or supercapacitor pack, the charging current and voltage are dynamically adjusted to optimize the charging efficiency; the charging evaluation is performed according to the following formula: P opt chg (t)=min{max[k1*SOC(t)+k2*V(t)+k3*T(t)+k4*P in (t)+k5,P excess PV (t)*η chg ],P max bat }*exp[-λ*DOD cycle (t)]*[Health bat (t) / 100]; where P opt chg (t) represents the dynamic optimal charging power at time t; SOC(t) represents the remaining power percentage of the battery at time t; V(t) represents the actual working voltage of the battery at time t; T(t) represents the ambient temperature of the battery at time t; P excess PV (t) represents the surplus electricity generated by the photovoltaic system at time t that exceeds the demand of the livestock farm; η chg Indicates the proportion of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system converted into battery charging power; P max bat Indicates the maximum charging power allowed by the battery; DOD cycle (t) indicates the depth of discharge of the battery in the current charge / discharge cycle; Health bat (t) represents the health status of the battery at time t; k1, k2, k3, k4 and k5 are coefficients, λ is a coefficient; P in (t) represents the effective charging power of the supercapacitor at time t.

5. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The discharge control of step S713 includes the following steps: S7135, Discharge current limitation: Prevent over-discharge and overheating of battery packs or supercapacitor packs by limiting the discharge current; S7136, discharge depth control: avoid deep discharge, which will accelerate battery aging, and keep the battery within a certain power range; S7137, Intelligent Management: Intelligently manage the discharge process according to the power demand and working time of the load to ensure that the battery life is extended while meeting the load demand; calculate the discharge power according to the following formula: P * d (t)=min{P demand (t),max[α1*SOC(t)+α2*V(t)+α3*T(t)+α4, 0]+min[Peff(t),P maxsys -P maxtbat ]}; where P * d (t) represents the dynamic optimal discharge power at time t; P demand (t) represents the power demand of the system at time t; α1, α2, α3 and α4 are coefficients; SOC(t), V(t), T(t) and P demand (t) represent the remaining battery power percentage, operating voltage, ambient temperature and system power demand at time t respectively; P max bat Indicates the maximum discharge power allowed by the battery; P eff (t) represents the effective discharge power that the supercapacitor can actually contribute to the system at time t; P maxsys Indicates the maximum discharge power that the system can withstand; P maxbat Indicates the maximum discharge power allowed by the battery.

6. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step S72 includes the following steps: S721. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm: S7211, power monitoring: real-time monitoring of the power generated by photovoltaic panels through sensors or smart meters; also monitoring the power demand of livestock farms; S7212, electric energy calculation and comparison: Calculate the difference between the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel group and the current demand of the livestock farm; if the difference is greater than zero, it means that the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel group exceeds the demand of the livestock farm; S7213, Grid connection decision: When it is determined that there is excess power, the system starts the grid connection control strategy; the excess photovoltaic power is converted into AC power that meets the requirements of the grid through the inverter; S7214, Electricity grid connection: The converted AC power is sent to the grid through the grid connection device; during the grid connection process, the voltage, frequency and phase parameters are ensured to be consistent with the grid to avoid impact on the grid; S7215, Recording and feedback: Record the power data during the grid connection process, and continuously optimize the grid connection control strategy based on the feedback data to improve energy utilization efficiency; S722. When the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel group cannot meet the needs of the livestock farm: S7221. Power monitoring and demand assessment: Real-time monitoring of the power generated by photovoltaic panels through sensors or smart meters; assessing the power demand of livestock farms and determining the current power gap; S7222, Grid power supply decision: When it is determined that there is insufficient power, the system starts the grid power supply control strategy; the grid power is introduced into the livestock farm power supply system through the grid interface device; S7223, Grid power supply: Ensure the stability of the grid power supply process to meet the power demand of the livestock farm, and monitor the power quality during the grid power supply process; S7224, charging of battery pack and super capacitor pack: charging of battery pack and super capacitor pack while power is supplied by the grid; S7225, Recording and Feedback: Record the power data during the power supply and charging process of the power grid, and continuously optimize the power supply and charging control strategies of the power grid based on the feedback data.

7. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 7213, the grid connection evaluation is performed according to the following formula: E Surplus (t)=η(t)×[E PV (t)-E Demand (t)-E Storage_Discharge (t)+E Storage_Charge (t)]; E Grid (t)=max[0,E Surplus (t)×μ]; where E Surplus (t) is the remaining power of the system after meeting its own needs at time t; η(t) is the adjustment coefficient at time t; E PV (t) is the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic panel group at time t; E Demand (t) is the electric energy required by the livestock farm or other electrical equipment at time t; E Storage_Discharge (t) is the electric energy discharged by the battery pack and / or supercapacitor at time t; E Storage_Charge (t) is the electric energy absorbed by the battery pack and / or supercapacitor at time t; E Grid (t) is the actual electric energy that can be connected to the grid after taking into account the charging and discharging of the battery pack and supercapacitor at time t; μ is the grid efficiency coefficient.

8. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S3 includes the following steps: S31. Historical data collection and analysis: Collect historical operation data of photovoltaic panels, batteries, supercapacitors, converters, inverters and grid connection mechanisms to form a historical data set; S32, real-time data collection: real-time collection of data of photovoltaic panels, batteries and supercapacitors; the data includes light intensity, light time, power demand of load operation, battery charging status, grid voltage, current and power factor; S33, Data Analysis: Use time series analysis algorithms to process and analyze real-time data, set reasonable thresholds and anomaly detection rules, and identify abnormal data or potential fault signs; S34. Build a machine learning model: Integrate historical data and real-time data to build a data set for the machine learning model; select the machine learning algorithm of the support vector machine for model training, and design an adaptive control algorithm based on the trained model so that it can automatically adjust the control strategy according to real-time weather, load demand and power grid status conditions; the model is: θ * = argmin θ∈Θ {(1 / m) * ∑ m i＝1 [θ0 + θ1 * X1 (i) + θ2 * X2 (i) + … + θ n * X n (i) - Y (i) 2}; where θ * represents​ represents the optimal parameter set of the model; θ represents the parameters of the model, including the intercept term θ0 and the coefficients of each feature θ1, θ2, …, θ n ; Θ represents parameter space; argmin represents finding the parameter value that minimizes the following expression; m represents the number of samples; i represents the index of the sample; X1 (i) ,X2 (i) ,…,X n (i) represents the input features of the i-th sample; Y (i) represents the target output of the i-th sample; S35. Design energy optimization scheduling strategy: Integrate the power generation potential of photovoltaic panels, load demand, energy storage status of batteries and supercapacitors, and grid electricity price data; conduct comprehensive analysis of the data, and design energy optimization scheduling strategy based on the analysis results; S36, Algorithm verification and optimization: Verify and test the adaptive control algorithm in a simulation environment; optimize and adjust the algorithm based on the test results; S37. Early warning mechanism triggering: Once abnormal data or potential failure is detected, the early warning mechanism is triggered immediately.

9. The method for combined control of photovoltaic power generation and energy storage in livestock farms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The joint control bodies include: Data collection module: collects various data of photovoltaic panels, loads, batteries, and supercapacitors; Weather data acquisition module: real-time acquisition of weather data, including light intensity and light time; Monitoring module: real-time monitoring of various system parameters to ensure data accuracy and timeliness; real-time analysis of monitored data; Data analysis module: real-time monitoring of system operation status through data analysis algorithms; Control strategy module: According to actual needs, the operation strategy of the joint control organization is set in the monitoring system; the strategy covers the monitoring and adjustment rules of multiple key parameters; controls the charging and discharging process of the battery group and supercapacitor group to ensure the effective storage and release of energy; regulates and integrates the excess photovoltaic power generation into the power grid safely to achieve the rational distribution and utilization of electric energy.

10. A livestock farm photovoltaic power generation and energy storage combined control system, comprising: Photovoltaic panel group, battery group, supercapacitor group, converter group, inverter, grid connection mechanism, joint control mechanism, photovoltaic panel abnormality identification module, visual interface and security mechanism; characterized in that: Photovoltaic panel group: including a number of photovoltaic panels, receiving solar energy and converting it into electrical energy; photovoltaic panels are installed on the roof, open space or surrounding areas of the livestock farm; Battery pack: includes several batteries for storing electrical energy; Supercapacitor group: It includes several supercapacitors, which provide instantaneous power support. When there is an instantaneous fluctuation in the power grid or photovoltaic panel group, the supercapacitor group can quickly release or absorb electric energy to stabilize the output voltage and current of the system; in an emergency, the supercapacitor group can be used as a backup power supply; Converter group: including several converters, which convert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic panel group into a voltage and current suitable for charging the battery group and the supercapacitor group; Inverter: converts the DC power in the battery pack and supercapacitor pack into AC power; Grid connection mechanism: used to connect photovoltaic power generation to the grid and charge the battery pack as needed; Photovoltaic panel abnormality identification module: By monitoring the voltage, current and power of each photovoltaic panel, the working status of the photovoltaic panel can be identified and abnormal conditions of abnormal operation of the photovoltaic panel can be analyzed in time; Joint control mechanism: connected with photovoltaic panel group, battery group, photovoltaic panel abnormality identification module, supercapacitor group, converter group, inverter network and control their operation; real-time monitoring of the system's operating status and adjustment of the operating parameters of each component based on the information; Visual interface: Display key data of photovoltaic panels, batteries, supercapacitors, converters, inverters and grid connection mechanisms to livestock farm managers in real time; Security mechanism: including electrical safety protection, emergency power switching, lightning protection and grounding protection.

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