Perovskite solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar cell comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and a perovskite layer, the conducting layer is arranged on the surface of the substrate and is divided into a plurality of conducting layer monomers, the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are located on the same layer and are distributed on the surfaces of the conducting layer monomers at intervals, and the conducting layer monomers and the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer on the conducting layer monomers form a conducting monomer; the perovskite layer is arranged on the surfaces of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer and is divided into a plurality of perovskite monomers, and each perovskite monomer is connected between two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers are electrically connected. A metal electrode structure is not needed, the preparation efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, and the maintenance is convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A solar cell is a device that directly converts light energy into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical reaction. Perovskite solar cells are solar cells that use perovskite-type organic metal halide semiconductors as light-absorbing materials. They belong to the third generation of solar cells and are also called new concept solar cells.

[0003] In the prior art, perovskite solar cells are vertically stacked structures such as those disclosed in CN114361346A, CN111192966B, etc., that is, they include a conductive glass layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode layer stacked in sequence; wherein the positions of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer can be interchanged to form an inverted structure; and metal electrodes need to be prepared on the top layer. The above existing structures have the following defects:

[0004] 1. It is necessary to prepare metal electrodes (i.e., electrode layers) on the surface of the battery body, which makes it difficult to improve the preparation efficiency and is costly. Moreover, the metal electrodes need to pass through the electron transport layer, perovskite layer, and hole transport layer in sequence to connect with the conductive layer of the adjacent monomer, which makes the process difficult.

[0005] 2. The product needs to be tested for EL (electronic luminescence test) only after the metal electrode is prepared. If local defects or conversion efficiency mismatch occur at this time, they cannot be identified and repaired, and the process yield is difficult to control;

[0006] 3. The perovskite layer is affected by the process conditions (such as temperature) of the upper electron transport layer or hole transport layer. If the perovskite layer is not affected, the upper electron transport layer or hole transport layer needs to lower the conditions and cannot reach the optimal parameters; if the upper electron transport layer or hole transport layer is prepared according to the optimal parameters, it will affect the lower perovskite layer; the two cannot be well adjusted;

[0007] 4. The metal electrodes arranged on the surface of the battery body block light, and the light conversion efficiency of the battery is difficult to improve. Summary of the invention

[0008] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a perovskite solar cell and a method for preparing the same.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A perovskite solar cell comprises a substrate, a conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and a perovskite layer; the conductive layer is arranged on the surface of the substrate and is divided into a plurality of conductive layer monomers, the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are in the same layer and are distributed on the surface of the conductive layer monomer at intervals, and the conductive layer monomer and the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer thereon constitute a conductive monomer; the perovskite layer is arranged on the surfaces of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer and is divided into a plurality of perovskite monomers, and each perovskite monomer is connected between two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers are electrically connected.

[0011] Furthermore, the perovskite monomer connects the same transmission layer of two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers are connected in parallel.

[0012] Furthermore, the perovskite monomer connects different transmission layers of two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers are connected in series.

[0013] Furthermore, the substrate and the conductive layer are both light-transmitting structures.

[0014] Furthermore, the substrate and the conductive layer disposed on the substrate are conductive glass.

[0015] Furthermore, the conductive layer is a FTO conductive layer, an ITO conductive layer or an AZO conductive layer.

[0016] Furthermore, a light-transmitting protective film is attached to the surface of the perovskite layer.

[0017] Furthermore, the protective film is a light transfer film or an anti-reflection film.

[0018] A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0019] A1, providing a substrate and preparing a conductive layer on the substrate;

[0020] A2, dividing the conductive layer on the substrate into a plurality of conductive layer monomers by scribing P1;

[0021] A3, coating the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer on the surface of the conductive layer in different areas, and separating the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer by P2 scratching, so that the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are in the same layer and are distributed on the surface of the conductive layer monomer at intervals, and the conductive layer monomer and the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer thereon constitute a conductive monomer;

[0022] A4, coating the surface of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer with a perovskite layer, and dividing the perovskite layer into a plurality of perovskite monomers by P3 scratching, wherein each perovskite monomer is connected between two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers are electrically connected.

[0023] Furthermore, the method further includes step A5, coating a light-transmitting protective film on the surface of the perovskite layer; the protective film is a light-conversion film or an anti-reflection film.

[0024] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. The electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are arranged on the same layer, and two adjacent conductive monomers are connected through the perovskite monomers on the upper layer, without the need for a metal electrode structure, thus reducing the process flow and process difficulty, greatly improving the preparation efficiency and reducing the cost;

[0026] 2. After completing the connection of the perovskite monomer (step A4 in the preparation method), EL testing can be performed to facilitate repair / rework and improve yield.

[0027] 3. Prepare the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer first, and then prepare the perovskite layer. The perovskite layer will not be affected by the process of the electron transport layer or the hole transport layer, and the parameters of the product can be more optimized;

[0028] 4. There is no need to set a metal layer on the surface of the battery body, which does not block light and increases light transmittance, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell in Example 1;

[0030] Figure 2 Shown Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the middle A area;

[0031] Figure 3 The figure shows the product production process of the method for preparing a perovskite solar cell in Example 1. Figure 1 ;

[0032] Figure 4 The figure shows the product production process of the method for preparing a perovskite solar cell in Example 1. Figure 2 ;

[0033] Figure 5 The figure shows the product production process of the method for preparing a perovskite solar cell in Example 1. Figure 3 ;

[0034] Figure 6 Shown Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the middle B area;

[0035] Figure 7 The figure shows the product production process of the method for preparing a perovskite solar cell in Example 1. Figure 4 ;

[0036] Figure 8 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell in Example 2;

[0037] Fig. 9 Shown Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of area C in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention, which are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, a person of ordinary skill in the art should be able to understand other possible implementations and advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0039] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment includes a substrate 10, a conductive layer 20, an electron transport layer 31, a hole transport layer 32 and a perovskite layer 40; the conductive layer 20 is arranged on the surface of the substrate 10 and is divided into a plurality of conductive layer monomers 21. Specifically, in this embodiment, the substrate 10 and the conductive layer 20 can be directly obtained by using the conductive glass in the prior art, that is, the conductive glass includes a light-transmitting glass substrate and a conductive layer 20 arranged on the surface of the glass substrate, and the conductive layer 20 is a light-transmitting conductive layer such as a FTO conductive layer (fluorine-doped tin dioxide), an ITO conductive layer or an AZO (zinc aluminum oxide) conductive layer.

[0042] The electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 are in the same layer and are spaced apart on the surface of the conductive layer monomer 21; the conductive layer monomer 21 and the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 thereon constitute a conductive monomer 30; the perovskite layer 40 is arranged on the surface of the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 and is divided into a plurality of perovskite monomers 41, each perovskite monomer 41 is connected between two adjacent conductive monomers 30 so that the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are electrically connected. In this way, a complete perovskite solar cell is obtained.

[0043] The perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1. The electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 are arranged on the same layer, and two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are connected through the upper layer of the perovskite monomer 41, without the need to use a metal electrode structure arranged on the surface, thus reducing the process flow and process difficulty, greatly improving the preparation efficiency and reducing the cost;

[0045] 2. After the connection of the perovskite monomer 41 is completed, the defect position can be detected to facilitate repair / rework and improve the yield.

[0046] 3. The electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 are prepared first, and then the perovskite layer 40 is prepared. The perovskite layer 40 will not be affected by the process of the electron transport layer 31 or the hole transport layer 32, and the parameters of the product can be further optimized;

[0047] 4. There is no need to set a metal layer on the surface of the battery body, which does not block light and increases light transmittance, which is beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0048] Specifically, the perovskite monomer 41 connects two adjacent conductive monomers 30 so that the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are electrically connected, and the method can be: the perovskite monomer 41 connects different transport layers of the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 so that the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are connected in series, such as the perovskite monomer 41 connects the electron transport layer 31 of the previous conductive monomer 30 and the hole transport layer 32 of the next conductive monomer 30, so that the front and back two conductive monomers 30 are connected in series. It can also be: the perovskite monomer 41 connects the same transport layer of the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 so that the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are connected in parallel, such as the perovskite monomer 41 connects the electron transport layer 31 of the front and back two conductive monomers 30, so that the front and back two conductive monomers 30 are connected in parallel, etc.

[0049] By connecting two adjacent conductive monomers 30 in series or in parallel, the battery as a whole forms a series-parallel circuit that complies with a pre-design, thereby obtaining a complete battery structure.

[0050] Specifically, the electron transport layer 31 , the hole transport layer 32 and the perovskite layer 40 are all made of materials in the prior art, and their specific components are not described in detail here.

[0051] Specifically, in this embodiment, in the battery main body structure composed of the conductive layer 20, the electron transport layer 31, the hole transport layer 32 and the perovskite layer 40, the outermost monomer is only provided with one electron transport layer 31 or one hole transport layer 32. For example, in this embodiment, the left side uses the conductive layer monomer 21 and the electron transport layer 31 provided on the surface of the conductive layer monomer 21, and the right side uses the conductive layer monomer 21 and the hole transport layer 32 provided on the surface of the conductive layer monomer 21; they can be led out as electrodes. Of course, the outermost monomer with only one electron transport layer 31 or one hole transport layer 32 can also be directly replaced by a metal electrode.

[0052] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell, comprising the following steps:

[0053] A1, providing a substrate 10, and preparing a conductive layer 20 on the substrate 10, such as Figure 3 As shown;

[0054] In this specific embodiment, the substrate 10 is a light-transmitting glass, such as ultra-white glass, and a FTO conductive layer or an ITO conductive layer is plated on the surface of the glass to form a light-transmitting and conductive conductive glass. Of course, the substrate 10 and the conductive layer 20 can be matched with other materials, such as a sapphire (aluminum oxide) substrate, etc.; the conductive layer 20 can also be made of graphene, etc.; preferably, a light-transmitting material is used to improve the light conversion efficiency. If only used as support and conduction, the substrate 10 and the conductive layer 20 can also be made of opaque materials.

[0055] A2, by scribing P1, the conductive layer 20 on the substrate 10 is separated into a plurality of conductive layer monomers 21, such as Figure 4 As shown;

[0056] Specifically, the P1 scribing process is an existing process, the purpose of which is to separate the conductive layer 20 into multiple conductive layer monomers 21 so that each conductive layer monomer 21 is independent of each other. At this time, the conductive layer 20 is composed of multiple conductive layer monomers 21, and its specific process method is not described in detail here.

[0057] A3, the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 are coated on the surface of the conductive layer 20 in different areas, and the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 are separated by P2 scratching, so that the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 are in the same layer and are distributed on the surface of the conductive layer monomer 21 at intervals, such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the conductive layer monomer 21 and the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 thereon constitute a conductive monomer 30;

[0058] Specifically, the P2 scribing process is an existing process, the purpose of which is to separate the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32 , and the specific process method will not be described in detail here.

[0059] A4, such as Figure 7 As shown, a perovskite layer 40 is coated on the surface of the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 32, and the perovskite layer 40 is divided into a plurality of perovskite monomers 41 by P3 scratching, and each perovskite monomer 41 is connected between two adjacent conductive monomers 30 so that the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are electrically connected, and finally the result is as shown in FIG. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A perovskite solar cell is shown.

[0060] The method may be: the perovskite monomer 41 connects different transport layers of two adjacent conductive monomers 30 so that the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are connected in series, such as the perovskite monomer 41 connects the electron transport layer 31 of the previous conductive monomer 30 and the hole transport layer 32 of the next conductive monomer 30, so that the front and rear conductive monomers 30 are connected in series. Alternatively, the perovskite monomer 41 connects the same transport layer of two adjacent conductive monomers 30 so that the two adjacent conductive monomers 30 are connected in parallel, such as the perovskite monomer 41 connects the electron transport layer 31 of the front and rear conductive monomers 30, so that the front and rear conductive monomers 30 are connected in parallel, etc.

[0061] Specifically, the P3 scribing process is an existing process, the purpose of which is to separate the perovskite layer into multiple perovskite monomers, and its specific process method will not be described in detail here.

[0062] In this way, the finished perovskite solar cell product in this embodiment is obtained.

[0063] Specifically, after step A4, the product can be subjected to EL testing to facilitate repair / rework and improve yield.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] The structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the perovskite solar cell provided in the first embodiment, except that: Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, a protective film 50 is additionally added on the basis of the structure of the first embodiment; that is, a light-transmitting protective film 50 is also attached to the surface of the perovskite layer 40. Specifically, the protective film 50 plays a role of light transmission and protection. For example, a highly light-transmitting and insulating film such as a silicon dioxide protective film, EVA (Polyethylene vinylacetate) film, or POE (polyethylene oxide) in the prior art can be used. A film with certain functions, such as a light transfer film or an anti-reflection film, can also be used, so that the perovskite solar cell also has corresponding functions. For example, a light transfer film can protect against ultraviolet rays, and an anti-reflection film can enhance the transmittance of light.

[0066] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, which is substantially the same as the method provided in the first embodiment, except that: based on the method in the first embodiment, an additional step A5 is added, such as Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, a light-transmitting protective film 50 is coated on the surface of the perovskite layer 40; specifically, the protective film 50 plays the role of light transmission and protection, such as the silicon dioxide protective film, EVA (Polyethylene vinylacetate) film, POE (polyethylene oxide) and other highly light-transmitting and insulating films in the prior art, or films with certain functions, such as light transfer films or anti-reflection films, so that the perovskite solar cell also has corresponding functions, such as the use of light transfer films to prevent ultraviolet rays, and anti-reflection films to play the role of light transmission. Thus, the finished perovskite solar cell provided in this embodiment is obtained.

[0067] Although the present invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made to the present invention in form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell comprising a substrate, a conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a hole transport layer and a perovskite layer; characterized in that: The conductive layer is arranged on the surface of the substrate and is divided into a plurality of conductive layer monomers, the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are in the same layer and are distributed at intervals on the surface of the conductive layer monomer, and the conductive layer monomer and the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer thereon constitute a conductive monomer; the perovskite layer is arranged on the surface of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer and is divided into a plurality of perovskite monomers, and each perovskite monomer is connected between two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers form an electrical connection.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite monomer connects different transmission layers of two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers form a series connection.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perovskite monomer connects the same transmission layer of two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers are connected in parallel.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate and the conductive layer are both light-transmitting structures.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The substrate and the conductive layer arranged on the substrate are conductive glass.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The conductive layer is a FTO conductive layer, an ITO conductive layer or an AZO conductive layer.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A light-transmitting protective film is also attached to the surface of the perovskite layer.

8. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that: The protective film is a light transfer film or an anti-reflection film.

9. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The steps include: A1, providing a substrate and preparing a conductive layer on the substrate; A2, dividing the conductive layer on the substrate into a plurality of conductive layer monomers by scribing P1; A3, coating the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer on the surface of the conductive layer in different areas, and separating the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer by P2 scratching, so that the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are in the same layer and are distributed on the surface of the conductive layer monomer at intervals, and the conductive layer monomer and the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer thereon constitute a conductive monomer; A4, coating the surface of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer with a perovskite layer, and dividing the perovskite layer into a plurality of perovskite monomers by P3 scratching, wherein each perovskite monomer is connected between two adjacent conductive monomers so that the two adjacent conductive monomers are electrically connected.

10. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further includes step A5, coating a light-transmitting protective film on the surface of the perovskite layer; the protective film is a light-conversion film or an anti-reflection film.

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