Light-emitting element, display device, and method of manufacturing light-emitting element

Abstract

Embodiments provide a light emitting element, a display device, and a method of manufacturing the light emitting element. The light emitting element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including quantum dots; a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emission layer is disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region. At least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region includes a metal nanoparticle, in which the metal nanoparticle includes a core including a metal oxide and a ligand bonded to the core. The ligand includes an acidic functional group, a basic functional group, or an ultraviolet reactive functional group.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0148130 filed in the Korean Intellectual Property Office on October 31, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to a light emitting element including quantum dots, a display device including the light emitting element, and a method of manufacturing the light emitting element. Background Art

[0004] The light-emitting element converts electrical energy into light. Among the light-emitting elements, the quantum dot light-emitting element including quantum dots in the emission layer has high color purity and luminous efficiency, and can emit light of multiple colors. In the light-emitting element, holes move to the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons move to the emission layer through the electron transport region. Research on efficient injection and transport of holes and electrons has been conducted to improve the efficiency of quantum dot light-emitting elements.

[0005] It should be understood that this background technology section is intended, in part, to provide a useful background for understanding the present technology. However, this background technology section may also include ideas, concepts or realizations that are part of what was known or understood by a person skilled in the relevant art before the corresponding effective filing date of the subject matter disclosed in this document. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present disclosure provides a light emitting element exhibiting excellent efficiency, a display device, and a method of manufacturing the light emitting element.

[0007] According to an embodiment, a light emitting element may include: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed on the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer including quantum dots; a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein

[0008] The emission layer may be disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region; at least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region may include metal nanoparticles; the metal nanoparticles may include a core comprising a metal oxide and a ligand bonded to the core, the ligand including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group; and when ultraviolet light is provided, the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may shrink or expand.

[0009] In an embodiment, the acidic functional group may include at least one of a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino acid group, and a boric acid group.

[0010] In an embodiment, the ligand comprising the acidic functional group can be derived from at least one of acrylic acid (AAc), methacrylic acid (MAAc), ethyl acrylic acid (EAAc), propyl acrylic acid (PAAc), 4-vinylbenzoic acid (VBA), itaconic acid (IA), ethylene glycol phosphate acrylate (EGAP), vinylphosphonic acid (VPA), ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP), 4-vinyl-benzylphosphonic acid (VBPA), vinylsulfonic acid (VSA), 4-styrenesulfonic acid (SSA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), 3-sulfonate propyl methacrylate potassium salt (KSPMA), aspartic acid (ASA), L-glutamic acid (LGA), histidine (HIS), vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA).

[0011] In an embodiment, the basic functional group may include at least one of an amine group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, a pyridyl group, and an imidazole group.

[0012] In an embodiment, the ligand comprising the basic functional group can be derived from (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA), (2-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA), (2-dipropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPAEMA), (2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), N-(3-(dimethylamino)-propyl)methacrylamide (DMAPMAm), (2-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA), 2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate (tBAEMA), N,N-dimethylvinylbenzylamine, N,N-diethylvinylbenzylamine, N,N-dipropylvinylbenzylamine, (2-diethylamino)ethylacrylamide (DEAm ), (2-N-morpholino)ethyl methacrylate (MEMA), acryloylmorpholine (AM), (2-N-morpholino)ethylmethacrylamide (MEMAm), N-ethylpyrrolidine methacrylate (EPyM), N-acryloyl-N'-methylpiperazine, N-acryloyl-N'-ethylpiperazine, N-acryloyl-N'-propylpiperazine, 4-vinylpyridine (4VP), 2-vinylpyridine (2VP), N-vinylimidazole (VI), 6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)hexyl methacrylate (imHeMA), poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer (PPI), poly(ethyleneimine) dendrimer (PEI) and poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM).

[0013] In an embodiment, the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may include at least one of a spiropyranyl group and a merocyanine group.

[0014] In an embodiment, the ligand including the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may be derived from at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1.

[0015] [Compound Group 1]

[0016]

[0017] In compound group 1, R a may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R 1 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0018] In an embodiment, the metal oxide may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O 2 、SrTiO 3 、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 、MoO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1.

[0019] [Formula M-1]

[0020] Zn q Me (1-q) O

[0021] In formula M-1, q can be a real number from 0 to 0.5; and Me can be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

[0022] In an embodiment, the quantum dot may include a core portion and a ligand portion, the core portion including an inorganic compound, the ligand portion being bonded to the core portion; and the ligand portion may include the acidic functional group or the basic functional group.

[0023] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include the metal nanoparticles; and the ligand may include the acidic functional group or the ultraviolet reactive functional group.

[0024] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may include the metal nanoparticles; and the ligand may include the basic functional group or the ultraviolet reactive functional group.

[0025] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may be disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer; and the electron transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode.

[0026] In an embodiment, the hole transport region may be disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode; and the electron transport region may be disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer.

[0027] According to an embodiment, a display device may include a display element layer disposed on a base layer, wherein:

[0028] The display element layer may include a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element, each of which emits light in a different wavelength region; the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element may each include a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; the emission layer may be disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region; at least one of the first to third light-emitting elements may each include quantum dots in the emission layer; the remaining light-emitting elements of the first to third light-emitting elements may each include an organic emission material in the emission layer; the light-emitting element including the quantum dots may include metal nanoparticles in at least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region; the metal nanoparticles may include a core including a metal oxide and a ligand bonded to the core, the ligand including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group, or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group; and when ultraviolet light is provided, the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may shrink or expand.

[0029] In an embodiment, the first light emitting element may emit blue light; the second light emitting element may emit green light; and the third light emitting element may emit red light.

[0030] In an embodiment, the first light emitting element may include a first quantum dot that emits a first light; the second light emitting element may include a second quantum dot that emits a second light having a wavelength region different from that of the first light; and the third light emitting element may include an organic emission material that emits a third light having a wavelength region different from that of the first light and the second light.

[0031] In an embodiment, the first light emitting element may include quantum dots that emit a first light; the second light emitting element may include: a first organic emission material that emits a second light having a wavelength region different from the wavelength region of the first light; and the third light emitting element may include a second organic emission material that emits a third light having a wavelength region different from the wavelength region of the first light and the second light.

[0032] In an embodiment, the first light emitting element may include a first quantum dot that emits a first light; the second light emitting element may include a second quantum dot that emits a second light having a wavelength region different from the wavelength region of the first light; and the third light emitting element may include a third quantum dot that emits a third light having a wavelength region different from the wavelength region of the first light and the second light.

[0033] In an embodiment, the acidic functional group may include at least one of a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino acid group, and a boric acid group.

[0034] In an embodiment, the basic functional group may include at least one of an amine group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, a pyridyl group, and an imidazole group.

[0035] In an embodiment, the ligand including the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may be derived from at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1.

[0036] [Compound Group 1]

[0037]

[0038] In compound group 1, R a may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R 1 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0039] In an embodiment, the metal oxide may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O 2 、SrTiO 3 、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 、MoO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1.

[0040] [Formula M-1]

[0041] Zn q Me (1-q) O

[0042] In formula M-1, q can be a real number from 0 to 0.5; and Me can be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

[0043] According to an embodiment, a method for manufacturing a light emitting element may include: preparing a preliminary light emitting element; and forming a light emitting element by providing an acidic material, an alkaline material, or ultraviolet light to the preliminary light emitting element, wherein:

[0044] The preparation of the preliminary light-emitting element may include: forming a first electrode; forming an emission layer by providing quantum dots on the first layer; forming a second electrode on the emission layer; forming a hole transport region; and forming an electron transport region.

[0045] One step among the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region may be performed between the forming of the first electrode and the forming of the emission layer; the remaining steps among the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region may be performed between the forming of the emission layer and the forming of the second electrode; at least one of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region may include providing a composition containing preliminary metal nanoparticles;

[0046] The preliminary metal nanoparticle may include: a core including a metal oxide; and a preliminary ligand bonded to the core, the preliminary ligand including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group, or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group and bonded to the core; and

[0047] When the ultraviolet light is provided, the ultraviolet reactive functional group may shrink or may expand.

[0048] In an embodiment, when the acidic material, the basic material, or the ultraviolet light is provided, the preliminary ligand may shrink or may swell to form a ligand.

[0049] In an embodiment, the acidic material may include at least one of isobutyric acid and citric acid.

[0050] In an embodiment, the alkaline material may include ammonia.

[0051] In an embodiment, the composition may be provided by an inkjet printing method or by a dispensing method.

[0052] In an embodiment, the acidic functional group may include at least one of a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino acid group, and a boric acid group.

[0053] In an embodiment, the basic functional group may include at least one of an amine group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, a pyridyl group, and an imidazole group.

[0054] In an embodiment, the ligand including the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may be derived from at least one compound selected from Compound Group 1.

[0055] [Compound Group 1]

[0056]

[0057] In compound group 1, R a may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R 1 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0058] In an embodiment, the metal oxide may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O2 、SrTiO 3 、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 、MoO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1.

[0059] [Formula M-1]

[0060] Zn q Me (1-q) O

[0061] In formula M-1, q can be a real number from 0 to 0.5; and Me can be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

[0062] It should be understood that the above embodiments are described in a general and illustrative sense only and not for limiting purposes, and the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0063] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and principles thereof. The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing the embodiments of the present disclosure in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0064] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0065] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along a virtual line II' in FIG.

[0066] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0067] Figure 4A It is along Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device taken along a virtual line II-II';

[0068] Figure 4B According to another embodiment, Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device taken along a virtual line II-II';

[0069] Figure 4C According to another embodiment, Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device taken along a virtual line II-II';

[0070] Figure 4D According to another embodiment, Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device taken along a virtual line II-II';

[0071] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0072] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D Each is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0073] Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quantum dot according to an embodiment;

[0074] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal nanoparticle according to an embodiment;

[0075] Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0076] Fig.10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0077] Fig.11 is an enlarged schematic diagram showing a step of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0078] Fig. 12A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0079] Fig. 12B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0080] Fig.13 is an enlarged schematic diagram showing a step of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment;

[0081] Fig.14 is a graph showing evaluation data of the light emitting element according to the embodiment; and

[0082] Fig.15 is a graph showing evaluation data of the light emitting element according to the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] The present disclosure will now be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings showing embodiments. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0084] In the drawings, the size, thickness, ratio, and dimensions of elements may be exaggerated for ease of description and clarity. The same reference numerals and reference symbols refer to the same elements throughout.

[0085] In the specification, it will be understood that when an element (or region, layer, portion, etc.) is referred to as being "on", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, the element may be directly on, directly connected to or coupled to the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present between the element and the other element. In a similar sense, when an element (or region, layer, portion, etc.) is described as "covering" another element, the element may directly cover the other element, or one or more intervening elements may be present between the element and the other element.

[0086] In the specification, when an element is "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no intervening elements. For example, "directly on" may mean that two layers or two elements are disposed without an additional element, such as an adhesive element, between the element and the other element.

[0087] In the specification, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, expressions such as “a”, “an” and “the” used in the singular are intended to include the plural forms as well.

[0088] In the specification, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more associated listed items. For example, "A and / or B" may be understood to mean "A, B, or A and B". The terms "and" and "or" may be used in a conjunction or disjunction sense and may be understood to be equivalent to "and / or".

[0089] In the specification and claims, for the purpose of its meaning and interpretation, the term "at least one of..." is intended to include the meaning of "at least one selected from the group consisting of..." For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" can be understood to mean only A, only B, only C, or any combination of two or more of A, B, and C, such as ABC, AC, BC, or AB. When the term "at least one of..." precedes or follows a list of elements, it modifies the entire list of elements, rather than the individual elements in the list.

[0090] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. can be used in this article to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. Therefore, without departing from the teaching of the present disclosure, the first element can be referred to as the second element. Similarly, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the second element can be referred to as the first element.

[0091] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "below", "below", "below", "above", or "on" may be used herein to describe the relationship between one element or component and another element or component as shown in the figure. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings, spatially relative terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, in the case of flipping the device shown in the drawings, a device that is "below" or "below" another device may be placed "above" another device. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" may include both a lower position and an upper position. The device may also be oriented in other directions, and therefore the spatially relative terms may be interpreted differently depending on the orientation.

[0092] The terms "about" or "approximately" as used herein include the stated value and mean within an acceptable range of deviation of the stated value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, taking into account the measurements in question and the errors associated with the measurements of the stated quantities (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "about" can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0093] It should be understood that the terms “comprises / comprising,” “includes / including,” “have / having,” and “contains / containing” and the like are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof in the present disclosure, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations thereof.

[0094] Unless otherwise defined or implied herein, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that, unless explicitly defined in the specification, terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or overly formal sense.

[0095] In the specification, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" can describe a group substituted or unsubstituted by at least one substituent, and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, nitro groups, amine groups, amino groups, silyl groups, oxy groups, sulfenyl groups, sulfinyl groups, sulfonyl groups, carbonyl groups, boron groups, phosphine oxide groups, phosphine sulfide groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, hydrocarbon ring groups, aryl groups and heterocyclic groups. Each of the multiple substituents listed above can itself be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl can be interpreted as an aryl group, or biphenyl can be interpreted as a phenyl group substituted by a phenyl group.

[0096] In the specification, examples of the halogen atom may include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.

[0097] In the specification, the alkyl group may be linear, branched or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10 or 1 to 6. Examples of the alkyl group may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, cyclobutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, cyclohexyl, 4 -methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, cyclononyl, n-decyl, cyclodecyl, adamantyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2

[0063] In some embodiments, the present invention includes but is not limited to octyldecyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-heneicosyl, n-docosyl, n-tricosyl, n-tetracosyl, n-pentacosyl, n-hexacosyl, n-heptacosyl, n-octacosyl, n-nonacosyl, n-triacontyl, norbornyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl and bicycloheptyl, but the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0098] In the specification, an aryl group may be any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. An aryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of ring carbon atoms in the aryl group may be 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups may include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, quaterphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, benzofluoranthenyl, Base, etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0099] In the specification, the heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si and S as a heteroatom. When the heterocyclic group includes two or more heteroatoms, the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of ring carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 30, 2 to 20 or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidyl, triazine, triazolyl, acridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, N-arylcarbazolyl, N-heteroarylcarbazolyl, N-alkylcarbazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzothienyl, dibenzothienyl, thienothiphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrolinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, diphenylthirolyl, and dibenzofuranyl, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0100] Hereinafter, a light emitting element and a display device including the same according to embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device DD according to the embodiment.

[0101] refer to Figure 1 , the display device DD according to the embodiment can be activated in response to the electrical signal. For example, the display device DD can be a large device such as a television, a monitor, or a billboard. In an embodiment, the display device DD can be a small or medium-sized device, such as a personal computer (e.g., a laptop computer, a tablet computer), a personal digital terminal, a navigation device, a game console, a smart phone, or a camera. However, these are provided only as examples, and the display device DD can also be included in other devices.

[0102] The display device DD may display an image (or video) through a display surface DD-IS. The display surface DD-IS may be parallel to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2. The display surface DD-IS may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA.

[0103] The pixel PX may be disposed in the display area DA, and the pixel PX may not be disposed in the non-display area NDA. The non-display area NDA may be defined along the edge of the display surface DD-IS. The non-display area NDA may surround the display area DA. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the non-display area NDA may be omitted, or the non-display area NDA may be disposed only on one side of the display area DA.

[0104] Figure 1The display device DD is shown to have a flat display surface DD-IS. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, in an embodiment, the display surface DD-IS of the display device DD may be a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. For example, the three-dimensional display surface may include a plurality of display areas arranged in different directions.

[0105] exist Figure 1 In the following figures, the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2 and / or the third direction axis DR3 are shown. In the specification, the directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2 and the third direction axis DR3 are relative terms and can therefore be changed to other directions. The directions indicated by the first direction axis DR1, the second direction axis DR2 and the third direction axis DR3 can be described as the first direction DR1, the second direction DR2 and the third direction DR3, respectively, and the same figure marks and symbols can be used. In the specification, the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 can be perpendicular to each other, and the third direction DR3 can be a normal direction relative to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2.

[0106] In the specification, a plan view may refer to a plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2, and a cross-sectional view may refer to a surface perpendicular to the plane defined by the first direction axis DR1 and the second direction axis DR2 and parallel to the third direction axis DR3. A thickness direction of the display device DD may be parallel to the third direction DR3, wherein the third direction DR3 is a normal direction relative to the plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2.

[0107] In the specification, the upper surface (or front surface) and the lower surface (or rear surface) of each component constituting the display device DD may be defined relative to the third direction DR3. For example, the surface relatively adjacent to the display surface DD-1S among the two surfaces facing away from each other relative to the third direction DR3 may be defined as the front surface (or upper surface), and the surface relatively spaced apart from the display surface DD-1S in the third direction DR3 may be defined as the rear surface (or lower surface), wherein the front surface (or upper surface) is between the rear surface (or lower surface) and the display surface DD-1S. In the specification, the upper portion (or upper side) or the lower portion (or lower side) may be defined relative to the third direction DR3, the upper portion (or upper side) may be defined in the direction toward the display surface DD-IS, and the lower portion (or lower side) may be defined in the direction away from the display surface DD-IS.

[0108] Figure 2 It is along Figure 1 Schematic cross-sectional view of a portion taken along a virtual line II' in FIG. Figure 2is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device DD according to an embodiment.

[0109] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include a base layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL disposed on the base layer BS, a display element layer DP-EL disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the display element layer DP-EL.

[0110] In an embodiment, the image may be substantially generated by the display panel DP. The display panel DP may be a light-emitting display panel. For example, the display panel DP may be an organic light-emitting display panel, an inorganic light-emitting display panel, an organic-inorganic light-emitting display panel, or a quantum dot light-emitting display panel.

[0111] The base layer BS may provide a base surface on which the circuit layer DP-CL is disposed. The base layer BS may be a rigid base; or the base layer BS may be a flexible base that can be bent, folded, or curled, etc. The base layer BS may be a glass base, a metal base, a polymer base, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base layer BS may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0112] The circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the base layer BS. The circuit layer DP-CL may include an insulating layer, a semiconductor pattern, a conductive pattern for forming a signal line, etc. After forming the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer on the base layer BS by a process such as coating or deposition, the insulating layer, the semiconductor layer, and the conductive layer may be selectively patterned by a photolithography process. Thereafter, a semiconductor pattern included in the circuit layer DP-CL and a conductive pattern for forming a signal line, etc. may be formed.

[0113] The display element layer DP-EL may be disposed on the circuit layer DP-CL. The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel definition film PDL (see FIG. FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D ) and the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2 and the third light emitting element ED-3 (see FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D ). For example, the display element layer DP-EL may include an organic emission material, an inorganic emission material, an organic-inorganic emission material, a quantum dot, a quantum rod, a micro light emitting diode (LED), or a nano-LED. In an embodiment, the display element layer DP-EL may include a quantum dot.

[0114] The encapsulation layer TFE may protect the display element layer DP-EL from moisture, oxygen, and foreign matter such as dust particles. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic layer. In an embodiment, the encapsulation layer TFE may have a structure in which an inorganic layer, an organic layer, and an inorganic layer are sequentially stacked.

[0115] The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control light reflected by external light at the display panel DP. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. Although not shown in the drawings, in an embodiment, the optical layer PP may be omitted.

[0116] Figure 3 is a schematic plan view of a display device DD according to the embodiment. Figure 4A It is along Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of the display device DD taken along a virtual line II-II' in FIG. Figure 3 The display area DA of the display device DD may be shown (see Figure 1 ) is a schematic plan view of the . Figure 4A may be a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of a display device DD according to an embodiment.

[0117] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4A , the display device DD may include a peripheral area NPXA and emission areas PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R. The emission areas PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may emit light generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, respectively. The emission areas PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may each have a different area, where the area may refer to an area in a plan view.

[0118] The emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may be arranged into a plurality of groups according to the colors of light generated from the light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. Figure 3 and Figure 4A , three emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R that emit blue, green, and red light, respectively, are shown as examples. For example, the display device DD may include a blue emission region PXA-B, a green emission region PXA-G, and a red emission region PXA-R that are different from each other.

[0119] The display panel DP may include a plurality of light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 each emitting light in a different wavelength region. The light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light having different colors from each other. For example, the display panel DP may include a first light emitting element ED-1 emitting blue light, a second light emitting element ED-2 emitting green light, and a third light emitting element ED-3 emitting red light. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may emit light in the same wavelength region, or at least one light emitting element may emit light in a wavelength region different from the wavelength region of the remaining light emitting elements.

[0120] In such Figure 3 and Figure 4A In the display device DD according to the embodiment shown in , the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G and PXA-R may be different in size or shape from each other according to the color of light emitted from the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R of the corresponding light emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The blue emission region PXA-B of the first light emitting element ED-1 that emits blue light may have the largest area, and the green emission region PXA-G of the second light emitting element ED-2 that emits green light may have the smallest area. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G and PXA-R may emit light of other colors in addition to red light, green light and blue light. In an embodiment, the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G and PXA-R may each have the same area, or they may have different areas. Figure 3 The scales shown provide different proportions of the area.

[0121] The emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may be separated from each other by a pixel defining film PDL. The peripheral region NPXA may be between adjacent emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R and may correspond to a region of the pixel defining film PDL. In an embodiment, the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R may each correspond to a pixel PX (see Figure 1 ).

[0122] The pixel defining film PDL may define the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R. The emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R and the peripheral region NPXA may be separated by the pixel defining film PDL.

[0123] The blue emission regions PXA-B and the red emission regions PXA-R may be alternately arranged along the first direction DR1 to form a first group PXG1. The green emission regions PXA-G may be arranged along the first direction axis DR1 to form a second group PXG2. The first group PXG1 may be disposed separately from the second group PXG2 along the second direction DR2. The first group PXG1 and the second group PXG2 may be provided in a repeating pattern. The first group PXG1 and the second group PXG2 may be alternately arranged along the second direction DR2.

[0124] The red emission region PXA-R may be disposed separately from the green emission region PXA-G in the fourth direction DR4. The blue emission region PXA-B may be disposed separately from the green emission region PXA-G in the fifth direction DR5. The fourth direction DR4 may be a direction between the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. The fifth direction DR5 may cross the fourth direction DR4 and may be inclined relative to the second direction DR2.

[0125] The arrangement of the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G and PXA-R is not limited to Figure 3 For example, in an embodiment, the red emission region PXA-R, the green emission region PXA-G, and the blue emission region PXA-B may be arranged in this order as a repeating order along the first direction axis DR1. In an embodiment, the shape of each of the emission regions PXA-B, PXA-G, and PXA-R in a plan view is not limited to Figure 3 The shapes shown in the figure and may each have a shape different from the shape shown.

[0126] In (for example, Figure 4A In the display device DD shown in FIG. 1 , the base layer BS may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. In an embodiment, the base layer BS may include a first synthetic resin layer, an intermediate layer having a single-layer or multi-layer structure, and a second synthetic resin layer, which may be stacked in the following order. The intermediate layer may be referred to as a base barrier layer. The intermediate layer may include silicon oxide (SiO x ) layer and an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer disposed on the silicon oxide layer, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the intermediate layer may include at least one of a silicon oxide layer, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, and an amorphous silicon layer.

[0127] The first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may each include a polyimide resin. In an embodiment, the first synthetic resin layer and the second synthetic resin layer may each independently include at least one of an acrylate resin, a methacrylate resin, a polyisoprene resin, a vinyl resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a cellulose resin, a siloxane resin, a polyamide resin, and a perylene resin. In the specification, the term "X-type resin" refers to a resin containing an "X" functional group.

[0128] The circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the base layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors (not shown). The plurality of transistors (not shown) may each include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include a switch transistor and a drive transistor for driving the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 of the display element layer DP-EL.

[0129] The display element layer DP-EL may include a pixel defining film PDL and a first light emitting element ED-1, a second light emitting element ED-2, and a third light emitting element ED-3. The pixel defining film PDL may be a layer in which an opening OH is defined. The pixel defining film PDL may separate the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3. The emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-Ra of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may each be disposed in the opening OH defined in the pixel defining film PDL and separated from each other.

[0130] The pixel defining film PDL may be formed of a polymer resin. For example, the pixel defining film PDL may include a polyacrylate resin or a polyimide resin. In an embodiment, the pixel defining film PDL may include a light absorbing material, or may include a black pigment or a black dye. The pixel defining film PDL including a black pigment or a black dye may be implemented as a black pixel defining film. When forming the pixel defining film PDL, carbon black or the like may be used as the black pigment or the black dye, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0131] In an embodiment, the pixel definition layer PDL may be formed of an inorganic material. For example, the pixel definition layer PDL may include an inorganic material such as silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ).

[0132] The first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-Ra disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, and hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-Ra may be disposed between the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 and the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3, respectively.

[0133] refer to Figure 4AThe first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a second electrode EL2 disposed on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-Ra disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-Ra, and hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 disposed between the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-Ra and the second electrode EL2.

[0134] At least a portion of the first electrode EL1 may be exposed in the opening OH of the pixel defining film PDL. The first electrode EL1 may have conductivity. The first electrode EL1 may be formed of a metal material, a metal alloy, or a conductive compound. The first electrode EL1 may be a cathode or an anode. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, and Zn, an oxide thereof, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0135] When the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO). When the first electrode EL1 is a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the first electrode EL1 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca (a stacking structure of LiF and Ca), LiF / Al (a stacking structure of LiF and Al). In another embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective or semi-transmissive reflective film formed of the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In an embodiment, the first electrode EL1 may include the above metal material, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal material, etc. The first electrode EL1 may have a thickness of about 100 mm. To about For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a thickness in the range of about To about The thickness is within the range of .

[0136] The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be an anode or a cathode, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, when the first electrode EL1 is an anode, the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode, the second electrode EL2 may be an anode. The second electrode EL2 may include at least one of Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, In, Sn, Zn, an oxide thereof, a compound thereof, or a mixture thereof.

[0137] The second electrode EL2 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode. When the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive electrode, the second electrode EL2 may be formed of a transparent metal oxide such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO).

[0138] When the second electrode EL2 is a semi-transmissive reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiFMo, Ti, Yb, W, a compound thereof or a mixture thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb or MgYb), or a material having a multilayer structure such as LiF / Ca, LiF / Al. In an embodiment, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure including a reflective or transflective film formed of the above materials and a transparent conductive film formed of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include the above metal material, a combination of two or more metal materials selected from the above metal materials, or an oxide of the above metal material.

[0139] Although not shown in the drawings, the second electrode EL2 may be electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is electrically connected to the auxiliary electrode, the resistance of the second electrode EL2 may be reduced.

[0140] The emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-Ra may be respectively disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2. The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include the first emission layer EML-B, the second light-emitting element ED-2 may include the second emission layer EML-G, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include the third emission layer EML-Ra. At least one of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may each include a quantum dot, and the remaining light-emitting elements of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may each include an organic emission material. For example, at least one of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may each be a quantum dot light-emitting element, and the remaining light-emitting elements of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may each be an organic light-emitting element.

[0141] In another embodiment, the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 may each include quantum dots.

[0142] refer to Figure 4A , the first emission layer EML-B may include a first quantum dot QD-C1, the second emission layer EML-G may include a second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third emission layer EML-Ra may include an organic emission material. The first quantum dot QD-C1 of the first light-emitting element ED-1 may emit blue light. The second quantum dot QD-C2 of the second light-emitting element ED-2 may emit green light. The third emission layer EML-Ra may include an organic emission material that emits red light.

[0143] For example, the third emission layer EML-Ra may include a host material and a dopant material. The third emission layer EML-Ra may include an anthracene derivative, a pyrene derivative, a fluoranthene derivative, derivatives, dihydrobenzanthracene derivatives or triphenylene derivatives. In an embodiment, the third emission layer EML-Ra may include a styryl derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styryl]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styryl)naphthalene-2-yl)vinyl)phenyl)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi), 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene or its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)), pyrene or its derivatives (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenylbenzene and 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene), and the like. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the organic emission material included in the third emission layer EML-Ra is not limited thereto.

[0144] The quantum dots QD-C1 and QD-C2 respectively included in the emission layers EML-B and EML-G may be stacked to form at least one layer. As an example, Figure 4A It is shown that the quantum dots QD-C1 and QD-C2, each having a circular cross-section, are arranged to thereby form approximately two layers, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the arrangement of the quantum dots QD-C1 and QD-C2 may be different depending on the thickness of the emission layers EML-B and EML-G, or the arrangement may be different depending on the shape and average diameter of the quantum dots QD-C1 and QD-C2 included in the emission layers EML-B and EML-G. For example, in the emission layers EML-B and EML-G, the quantum dots QD-C1 and QD-C2 may be arranged to have a single-layer configuration, or may be arranged to have a multilayer configuration such as two or three layers.

[0145] exist Figure 4A In the figure, the first quantum dot QD-C1 and the second quantum dot QD-C2 are each shown to have substantially similar diameters, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The first quantum dot QD-C1 and the second quantum dot QD-C2 may each have different diameters. For example, the first quantum dot QD-C1 in the first light-emitting element ED-1 that emits light in a relatively short wavelength region may have a relatively smaller average diameter than the second quantum dot QD-C2 in the second light-emitting element ED-2 that emits light in a longer wavelength region. In the specification, the average diameter may be the arithmetic mean of the particle size of the quantum dots. In the specification, the particle size of the quantum dots may be the average value of the width of the quantum dot particles measured on their cross-sections.

[0146] In an embodiment, at least one of the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 and the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 may include metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 (see 5A to 6D In the examples, metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 (see 5A to 6D ) can include nuclear MC (see Figure 8 ) and bonded to the core MC (see Figure 8 ) ligand LD (see Figure 8 ).

[0147] In an embodiment, the core MC (see Figure 8 ) may include a metal oxide, and the ligand LD (see Figure 8 ) may include an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. The ligand including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group may have improved charge transport and / or charge injection characteristics, thereby contributing to a reduction in the driving voltage and an improvement in efficiency of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3. The display devices DD and DD-1 to DD-3 having the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 containing the ligand including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group may exhibit excellent display efficiency. The metal nanoparticles NP and NP-1 (see 5A to 6D ).

[0148] The electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may each be disposed in the opening OH, thereby being different from each other. The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electron transport region ETR-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a third electron transport region ETR-3.

[0149] The first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each be a layer composed of a single material, a layer including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials. The first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each independently have a thickness of about To about For example, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each independently have a thickness in the range of about To about The thickness is within the range of .

[0150] In an embodiment, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may include an electron injection material of the related art and / or an electron transport material of the related art. For example, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each include a metal nanoparticle NP according to an embodiment (see 5A to 6D ), and each may further include an electron injection material of the related art and / or an electron transport material of the related art. As another example, the electron transport regions ETR-1 and ETR-2 adjacent to the emission layers EML-B and EML-G, respectively, may each include metal nanoparticles according to an embodiment, and the electron transport region ETR-3 adjacent to the emission layer EML-Ra including the organic emission material may include an electron injection material of the related art and / or an electron transport material of the related art. However, this is merely an example, and the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0151] For example, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each include an anthracene compound. As another example, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each independently include tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq 3 ), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-phenyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridin-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthylanthracene, 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (B phen), 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthalene-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinolato-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(10-hydroxybenzoquinolinolato)beryllium (Bebq 2), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-di(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB), or any combination thereof. As another example, the first electron transport region ETR-1, the second electron transport region ETR-2, and the third electron transport region ETR-3 may each independently include 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), and the like.

[0152] The hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2, and HTR-3 of the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may each be disposed in the opening OH, thereby being different from each other. The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 may include the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include the third hole transport region HTR-3.

[0153] The first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each be a layer composed of a single material, a layer including different materials, or a structure including a plurality of layers including different materials. The first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently have a thickness of about To about For example, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently have a thickness in the range of about To about For example, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently have a thickness in the range of about To about The thickness is within the range of .

[0154] In an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may include a hole injection material of the related art and / or a hole transport material of the related art. For example, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to an embodiment (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ), and each may further include a hole injection material of the related art and / or a hole transport material of the related art. As another example, the hole transport regions HTR-1 and HTR-2 adjacent to the emission layers EML-B and EML-G respectively including quantum dots QD-C1 and QD-C2 may each include metal nanoparticles according to an embodiment, and the hole transport region HTR-3 adjacent to the emission layer EML-Ra including an organic emission material may include a hole injection material of the related art and / or a hole transport material of the related art. However, this is merely an example, and embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0155] For example, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2, and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently include a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine, N 1 ,N 1 '-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N 1 -phenyl-N 4 ,N 4 -di-m-tolylbenzene-1,4-diamine)(DNTPD), 4,4',4"-[tri(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4"-tri(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4"-tri[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (P ANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate], dipyrazine[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0156] In an embodiment, the first hole transport region HTR-1, the second hole transport region HTR-2 and the third hole transport region HTR-3 may each independently include: a carbazole derivative, such as 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), N-phenylcarbazole or polyvinylcarbazole; a fluorene derivative; a triphenylamine derivative, such as N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TDN), 4,4',4"-tri(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA); N,N'-di( Naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB); 4,4'-cyclohexylidenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC); 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-methylphenyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD); 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi); 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP); 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0157] The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, referred to as an encapsulation inorganic film). In an embodiment, the encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one organic film (hereinafter, referred to as an encapsulation organic film).

[0158] The encapsulated inorganic film can protect the display element layer DP-EL from moisture and / or oxygen, and the encapsulated organic film can protect the display element layer DP-EL from foreign matter such as dust particles. The encapsulated inorganic film may include silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc., but the embodiment is not limited thereto. The encapsulated organic film may include an acrylate compound, an epoxy compound, etc. The encapsulated organic film may include a photopolymerizable organic material, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0159] The optical layer PP includes a base substrate BL and a color filter layer CFL. The base substrate BL may provide a base surface on which the color filter layer CFL is disposed. The base substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the base substrate BL may include an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0160] The color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF-B, a second color filter CF-G, and a third color filter CF-R. The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R may be arranged to correspond to the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3, respectively. For example, the first color filter CF-B may be a blue color filter, the second color filter CF-G may be a green color filter, and the third color filter CF-R may be a red color filter. The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R may be arranged to correspond to the first emission region PXA-B, the second emission region PXA-G, and the third emission region PXA-R, respectively.

[0161] The first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R may each include a polymer photosensitive resin and a pigment or dye. The first color filter CF-B may include a blue pigment or a blue dye, the second color filter CF-G may include a green pigment or a green dye, and the third color filter CF-R may include a red pigment or a red dye. However, the embodiment is not limited thereto, and the first color filter CF-B may not include a pigment or a dye. The first color filter CF-B may include a polymer photosensitive resin and may not include a pigment or a dye. The first color filter CF-B may be transparent. The first color filter CF-B may be formed of a transparent photosensitive resin.

[0162] The color filter layer CFL may further include a buffer layer BFL. For example, the buffer layer BFL may be used as a protective layer for the first color filter CF-B, the second color filter CF-G, and the third color filter CF-R. The buffer layer BFL may be an inorganic layer including at least one inorganic material selected from silicon nitride, silicon oxide, and silicon oxynitride. The buffer layer BFL may be formed of a single layer or a multilayer.

[0163] In an embodiment, the second color filter CF-G and the third color filter CF-R may each be a yellow color filter. The second color filter CF-G and the third color filter CF-R may be provided as a single unit and not separated from each other.

[0164] Although not shown in the drawings, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light blocking portion (not shown). The light blocking portion (not shown) may be a black matrix. The light blocking portion (not shown) may include an organic light blocking material or an inorganic light blocking material each containing a black pigment or a black dye. The light blocking portion (not shown) may prevent light leakage and may separate the boundaries between the adjacent color filters CF-B, CF-G, and CF-R.

[0165] FIG. 4B to FIG. 4D According to another embodiment, Figure 3A schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of display devices DD-1, DD-2, and DD-3 taken along a virtual line II-II' in FIG. FIG. 4B to FIG. 4D In the description of Figures 1 to 4A Features described, and different features will be described.

[0166] and Figure 4A Compared with the display device DD shown in Figure 4B The display device DD-1 shown in FIG. 1 is different in that at least the second emission layer EML-Ga includes a different material. Figure 4A In the embodiment, the second emission layer EML-G includes a second quantum dot QD-C2, and Figure 4B In the embodiment, the second emission layer EML-Ga includes an organic emission material. The second emission layer EML-Ga may include a first organic emission material that emits green light. For example, the second emission layer EML-Ga may include a host material and a dopant material. Figure 4B In the embodiment, the third emission layer EML-Ra may include a second organic emission material that emits red light.

[0167] and Figure 4A Compared with the display device DD shown in Figure 4C The display device DD-2 shown in FIG. 1 is different in that at least the third emission layer EML-R includes a different material. Figure 4C In the embodiment, the third emission layer EML-R includes a third quantum dot QD-C3. The third quantum dot QD-C3 may emit red light. The first emission layer EML-B may include a first quantum dot QD-C1 that emits blue light, and the second emission layer EML-G may include a second quantum dot QD-C2 that emits green light.

[0168] The third quantum dot QD-C3 may be stacked to form at least one layer. As an example, Figure 4C It is shown that the third quantum dot QD-C3 having a circular cross-section is arranged to thereby form approximately two layers, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, the arrangement of the third quantum dot QD-C3 may be different according to the thickness of the third emission layer EML-R, according to the shape of the third quantum dot QD-C3 in the third emission layer EML-R, according to the average diameter of the third quantum dot QD-C3, etc. For example, the third quantum dot QD-C3 may be arranged to have a single-layer configuration, or may be arranged to have a multi-layer configuration such as two or three layers.

[0169] exist Figure 4C, it is shown that the first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 each have a substantially similar diameter, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. For example, in an embodiment, the first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 may have different diameters from each other.

[0170] and Figure 4A Compared with the display device DD shown in Figure 4D The display device DD-3 illustrated in FIG. 1 is different in that at least the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 and the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 are disposed at relatively different positions, and at least the third emission layer EML-R includes a different material. Figure 4A , electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 are shown to be disposed under emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R, respectively, and Figure 4D , electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2, and ETR-3 are shown to be disposed on emission layers EML-B, EML-G, and EML-R, respectively.

[0171] refer to Figure 4D The first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3 disposed on the first electrode EL1, emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R disposed on the hole transport regions HTR-1, HTR-2 and HTR-3, respectively, electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3 disposed on the emission layers EML-B, EML-G and EML-R, respectively, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport regions ETR-1, ETR-2 and ETR-3.

[0172] The third emission layer EML-R may include a third quantum dot QD-C3. The third quantum dot QD-C3 may emit red light. The third quantum dot QD-C3 may be connected to Figure 4C The third quantum dot QD-C3 described is the same or substantially similar.

[0173] 5A to 6D 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of light emitting elements ED and ED-a to ED-g according to the embodiments, respectively. FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C At least one of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 shown in FIG. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D The structure of one of the light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b and ED-c shown in FIG. Figure 4D At least one of the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 shown in FIG. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D The structure of one of the light emitting elements ED-d, ED-e, ED-f and ED-g shown in FIG.

[0174] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D The light emitting elements ED, ED-a, ED-b and ED-c are shown, each including an electron transport region ETR disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layer EML and a hole transport region HTR disposed between the emission layer EML and the second electrode EL2. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D Light emitting elements ED-d, ED-e, ED-f, and ED-g each including a hole transport region HTR disposed between the first electrode EL1 and the emission layer EML and an electron transport region ETR disposed between the emission layer EML and the second electrode EL2 are respectively shown.

[0175] refer to 5A to 6D , the electron transport region ETR may include at least an electron injection layer EIL and an electron transport layer ETL. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D , the electron injection layer EIL may be disposed on the first electrode EL1, and the electron transport layer ETL may be disposed on the electron injection layer EIL. Figure 5B and Figure 5D The electron transport region ETR may further include a hole blocking layer HBL disposed between the electron transport layer ETL and the emission layer EML.

[0176] refer to FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D , the electron transport layer ETL may be disposed on the emission layer EML, and the electron injection layer EIL may be disposed on the electron transport layer ETL. Figure 6B and Fig.6D The electron transport region ETR may further include a hole blocking layer HBL disposed between the emission layer EML and the electron transport layer ETL. Figures 5A to 6D Although not shown, in an embodiment, the electron injection layer EIL may be omitted.

[0177] At least one of the electron injection layer EIL, the electron transport layer ETL, and the hole blocking layer HBL may include the metal nanoparticles NP according to the embodiment. For example, at least one of the electron injection layer EIL and the electron transport layer ETL may include the metal nanoparticles NP according to the embodiment. 5A to 6D , the electron transport layer ETL is shown to include the metal nanoparticles NP according to the embodiment, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0178] refer to 5A to 6DThe hole transport region HTR may include at least a hole injection layer HIL and a hole transport layer HTL. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D , the hole transport layer HTL may be disposed on the emission layer EML, and the hole injection layer HIL may be disposed on the hole transport layer HTL. Figure 5B and Figure 5D The hole transport region HTR may further include an electron blocking layer EBL disposed between the emission layer EML and the hole transport layer HTL. FIG. 6A to FIG. 6D , a hole injection layer HIL may be disposed on the first electrode EL1, and a hole transport layer HTL may be disposed on the hole injection layer HIL. Figure 6B and Fig.6D The hole transport region HTR may further include an electron blocking layer EBL disposed between the hole transport layer HTL and the emission layer EML.

[0179] At least one of the hole injection layer HIL, the hole transport layer HTL, and the electron blocking layer EBL may include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to the embodiment. For example, at least one of the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL may include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to the embodiment. Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D , the hole transport layer HTL is shown to include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to the embodiment, but the embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0180] like 5A to 6D As shown in , the emission layer EML may include quantum dots QD-C. Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quantum dot QD-C according to an embodiment. FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D The first quantum dot QD-C1, the second quantum dot QD-C2, and the third quantum dot QD-C3 shown in FIG. 1 may be the same as or substantially similar to the quantum dot QD-C as explained in the following description.

[0181] refer to Figure 7 , the quantum dot QD-C may include a core portion C-MC and a ligand portion C-LD bonded to the core portion C-MC. The ligand portion C-LD of the quantum dot QD-C may include an acidic functional group according to an embodiment or a basic functional group according to an embodiment. The ligand portion C-LD may be bonded to a metal nanoparticle NP according to an embodiment (see Figure 8 ) includes the same functional group. In another embodiment, the ligand portion C-LD can be combined with the metal nanoparticle NP according to the embodiment (see Figure 8 ) includes different functional groups. For example, the ligand part C-LD of quantum dot QD-C and the metal nanoparticle NP (see Figure 8) can each independently include an acidic functional group or a basic functional group. As another example, the ligand portion C-LD of the quantum dot QD-C can include an acidic functional group, and the metal nanoparticle NP (see Figure 8 ) may include a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. As another example, a metal nanoparticle NP (see Figure 8 ) may include one of an acidic functional group, a basic functional group, and an ultraviolet-reactive functional group, and the ligand portion C-LD of the quantum dot QD-C may include a ligand that does not contain an acidic functional group, a basic functional group, or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. However, this is only an example, and the ligand portion C-LD of the quantum dot QD-C is not limited thereto.

[0182] The core part C-MC of the quantum dot QD-C may include an inorganic compound. The quantum dot QD-C may include a crystal of a semiconductor compound. The quantum dot QD-C may emit light with various emission wavelengths depending on the size of the crystal. The diameter of the quantum dot QD-C may be, for example, in the range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0183] Quantum dot QD-C can be synthesized by wet chemical process, metal organic chemical vapor deposition process, molecular beam epitaxy process or similar process. Wet chemical process is a method in which an organic solvent and a precursor material are mixed to grow crystals of quantum dot QD-C particles. When the crystal grows, the organic solvent can naturally act as a dispersant that coordinates with the surface of the quantum dot QD-C crystal, and the growth of the crystal can be controlled. Therefore, the wet chemical process can control the growth of quantum dot QD-C particles by a process that is simpler and more cost-effective than vapor deposition methods such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).

[0184] In an embodiment, the quantum dot QD-C may include a II-VI semiconductor compound, an I-II-VI semiconductor compound, an II-IV-VI semiconductor compound, an I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compound, a III-V semiconductor compound, a III-VI semiconductor compound, an I-III-VI semiconductor compound, an IV-VI semiconductor compound, a II-IV-V semiconductor compound, a Group IV element or compound, or any combination thereof. In the specification, the term "group" refers to a group of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) periodic table.

[0185] Examples of II-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, and MgS; ternary compounds such as CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZ nSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe and MgZnS; quaternary compounds such as CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and HgZnSTe; and any combinations thereof.

[0186] In an embodiment, the II-VI semiconductor compound may further include a Group I element and / or a Group IV element. Examples of the I-II-VI semiconductor compound may include CuZnS. Examples of the II-IV-VI semiconductor compound may include ZnSnS, etc. Examples of the I-II-IV-VI semiconductor compound may include a quaternary compound such as Cu 2 ZnSnS 2 , Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 , Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 、Ag 2 ZnSnS 2 and any combination of them.

[0187] Examples of III-V semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, and InSb; ternary compounds such as GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, and InPSb; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, and InAlPSb; and any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the III-V semiconductor compound may also include a Group II element. Examples of the Group III-V semiconductor compound also including the Group II element may include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, and the like.

[0188] Examples of III-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaS, Ga 2 S 3 ,GaSe,Ga 2 Se 3 、GaTe、InS、InSe、In 2 Se 3 and InTe; ternary compounds such as InGaS 3 and InGaSe 3 ; or any combination thereof.

[0189] Examples of Group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS 2 、AgInSe 2 、AgGaS、AgGaS 2 、AgGaSe 2 、CuInS、CuInS 2 、CuInSe 2 、CuGaS 2 、CuGaSe 2 、CuGaO 2 、AgGaO 2 and AgAlO 2 ; quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS 2 and AgInGaSe 2 ; and any combination thereof.

[0190] Examples of IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe and PbTe; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe and SnPbTe; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe and SnPbSTe; and any combination thereof.

[0191] Examples of II-IV-V semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds such as ZnSnP, ZnSnP 2 、ZnSnAs 2 、ZnGeP 2 、ZnGeAs 2 、CdSnP 2 、CdGeP 2 and any combination of them.

[0192] Examples of Group IV elements or compounds may include: single element materials, such as Si and Ge; binary compounds, such as SiC and SiGe; and any combination thereof.

[0193] Each element included in a compound such as a binary compound, a ternary compound, or a quaternary compound may be present in the particle at a uniform concentration or at a non-uniform concentration. For example, the above chemical formula may indicate the elements included in the compound, but the ratio of the elements in the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS 2 Can indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S 2 (where x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0194] In an embodiment, the quantum dot QD-C may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element in the quantum dot QD-C is uniform. In another embodiment, the core portion C-MC of the quantum dot QD-C may have a core-shell structure. For example, in the quantum dot QD-C, the material included in the core may be different from the material included in the shell.

[0195] The shell of the quantum dot QD-C can be used as a protective layer to prevent chemical changes in the core to maintain semiconductor properties and / or can be used as a charging layer to give the quantum dot electrophoretic properties. The shell can be a single layer or a multilayer. Quantum dots with a core-shell structure can have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the core part C-MC.

[0196] Examples of the shell of the quantum dot QD-C may include metal oxides, non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, and any combination thereof. Examples of metal oxides or non-metal oxides may include: binary compounds such as SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、ZnO、MnO、Mn 2 O 3 , Mn 3 O 4 , CuO, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 and NiO; ternary compounds such as MgAl 2 O 4 、CoFe 2 O 4 、NiFe 2 O 4 and CoMn 2 O 4 ; and any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds as described in the specification may include: III-VI semiconductor compounds; II-VI semiconductor compounds; III-V semiconductor compounds; III-VI semiconductor compounds; I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; IV-VI semiconductor compounds; and any combination thereof. For example, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaS, GaSe, AgGaS, AgGaS 2 , GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0197] The quantum dot QD-C may have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of an emission spectrum equal to or less than about 45nm. For example, the quantum dot QD-C may have a FWHM of an emission spectrum equal to or less than about 40nm. For example, the quantum dot QD-C may have a FWHM of an emission spectrum equal to or less than about 30nm. When the FWHM of the quantum dot QD-C falls within any range in the above range, the color purity or color reproducibility may be improved. The light emitted by the quantum dot QD-C may be emitted in all directions, thereby improving the optical viewing angle. The quantum dot QD-C may have any form or shape used in the related art. For example, the quantum dot QD-C may have a spherical shape, a pyramidal shape, a multi-arm shape, or a cubic shape, or the quantum dot QD-C may be in the form of nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplates, etc.

[0198] The energy band gap can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the quantum dot QD-C or by adjusting the element ratio of the compound in the quantum dot QD-C, so that light of various wavelengths can be emitted from the emission layer EML including the quantum dot QD-C. Therefore, when using quantum dot QD-C (quantum dots of different sizes or with different element ratios) as described in this article, light-emitting elements ED and ED-a to ED-g that emit light of various wavelengths can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dot QD-C and the element ratio of the compound in the quantum dot QD-C can be adjusted so that red light, green light and / or blue light can be emitted. In an embodiment, the quantum dot QD-C can be configured to emit white light by combining light of various colors.

[0199] The metal nanoparticles NP included in the electron transport region ETR (see 5A to 6D ) and the metal nanoparticles NP-1 included in the hole transport region HTR (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ) may be the same as or different from each other. The metal nanoparticles NP included in the electron transport region ETR (see 5A to 6D ) and the metal nanoparticles NP-1 included in the hole transport region HTR (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ) may each be the same as or substantially similar to the metal nanoparticles NP as described in the following description.

[0200] Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a metal nanoparticle NP according to an embodiment. Figure 8The metal nanoparticle NP may include a core MC and a ligand LD bonded to the core MC. The core MC may include a metal oxide. In an embodiment, the metal oxide may include SnO, SnO 2 、CuGaO 2 , Ga 2 O 3 , Cu 2 O、SrCu 2 O 2 、SrTiO 3 、CuAlO 2 、 2 O 5 、NiO、BaSnO 3 、MoO 3 and TiO 2 At least one of; or the metal oxide can be represented by formula M-1.

[0201] [Formula M-1]

[0202] Zn q Me (1-q) O

[0203] In Formula M-1, q may be a real number ranging from 0 to 0.5. In Formula M-1, Me may be Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

[0204] For example, the core MC may include zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc magnesium oxide (ZMO), and molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) Any of the following. Electron transport region ETR (see 5A to 6D ) may include the metal nanoparticles NP according to an embodiment, and the core MC of the metal nanoparticles NP may include ZnO or ZMO. The hole transport region HTR (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ) may include the metal nanoparticles NP-1 according to an embodiment (see Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D ), and the core MC of the metal nanoparticle NP-1 may include MoO 3 However, these are merely examples, and embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0205] In an embodiment, the ligand LD may include an acidic functional group, a basic functional group, or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. In an embodiment, when ultraviolet light is provided, the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may shrink or expand. Because the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may shrink or expand when ultraviolet light is provided, the length and / or volume of the functional group may change.

[0206] In an embodiment, the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may include at least one of a spiropyranyl group and a merocyanyl group. In an embodiment, the ligand LD including an ultraviolet-reactive functional group may be derived from at least one compound selected from compound group 1. In compound group 1, compound L-C1 represents a spiropyran compound, and compound L-C2 represents a merocyanine compound. When ultraviolet light is provided to the spiropyran compound, the bond of the compound changes, and thus, the compound may become a merocyanine compound. When ultraviolet light is provided to the merocyanine compound, the bond of the compound changes, and thus, the compound may become a spiropyran compound.

[0207] [Compound Group 1]

[0208]

[0209] In compound group 1, R a It may be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In compound group 1, R 1 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

[0210] When the ligand LD includes the compound L-C1, the nitrogen atom (N) as a ring-forming atom of the pentagonal ring can be the position where a bond is formed with the core MC. The ligand can be bonded to the core MC via the unshared electron pair of the nitrogen atom (N). When the ligand LD includes the compound L-C2, the oxygen anion bonded to the benzene ring can be the position where a bond is formed with the core MC. The ligand can be bonded to the core MC via the unshared electron pair of the oxygen anion.

[0211] The acidic functional group may be a functional group that reacts with a basic material, and when the basic material is provided, the acidic functional group may shrink or expand. When the basic material is provided, the acidic functional group may shrink or expand, and therefore, the length and / or volume of the acidic functional group may change.

[0212] In an embodiment, the acidic functional group may include at least one of a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino acid group, and a boric acid group. The acidic functional group may include a hydroxyl (-OH) group bonded to a carbon atom. When the ligand LD includes an acidic functional group, a hydrogen atom may be released from the hydroxyl group, and an oxygen atom may be bonded to the core MC. In an embodiment, the ligand LD including an acidic functional group can be derived from at least one of acrylic acid (AAc), methacrylic acid (MAAc), ethyl acrylic acid (EAAc), propyl acrylic acid (PAAc), 4-vinylbenzoic acid (VBA), itaconic acid (IA), ethylene glycol phosphate acrylate (EGAP), vinylphosphonic acid (VPA), ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP), 4-vinyl-benzylphosphonic acid (VBPA), vinylsulfonic acid (VSA), 4-styrenesulfonic acid (SSA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), 3-sulfonic acid propyl methacrylate potassium salt (KSPMA), aspartic acid (ASA), L-glutamic acid (LGA), histidine (HIS), vinylphenylboronic acid (VPBA) and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA). For example, the ligand LD including an acidic functional group can be derived from at least one compound selected from compound group 2.

[0213] [Compound Group 2]

[0214]

[0215]

[0216] The basic functional group can be a functional group that reacts with an acidic material, and when an acidic material is provided, the basic functional group can shrink or expand. When an acidic material is provided, the basic functional group can shrink or expand, and therefore, the length and / or volume of the basic functional group can change. In an embodiment, the basic functional group can include at least one of an amine group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, a pyridyl group, and an imidazolyl group. The basic functional group can include a nitrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom. The nitrogen atom can include an unshared electron pair, and the ligand LD including the basic functional group can be bonded to the core MC via an unshared electron pair.

[0217] In an embodiment, the ligand LD including a basic functional group can be derived from (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMA), (2-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA), (2-dipropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPAEMA), (2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA), N-(3-(dimethylamino)-propyl)methacrylamide (DMAPMAm), (2-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA), 2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate (tBAEMA), N,N-dimethylvinylbenzylamine, N,N-diethylvinylbenzylamine, N,N-dipropylvinylbenzylamine, (2-diethylamino)ethylacrylamide (DEAm). , methacrylate (2-N-morpholino) ethyl ester (MEMA), acryloyl morpholine (AM), (2-N-morpholino) ethyl methacrylamide (MEMAm), N-ethylpyrrolidine methacrylate (EPyM), N-acryloyl-N'-methylpiperazine, N-acryloyl-N'-ethylpiperazine, N-acryloyl-N'-propylpiperazine, 4-vinylpyridine (4VP), 2-vinylpyridine (2VP), N-vinylimidazole (VI), 6-(1H-imidazole-1-yl) methacrylate hexyl ester (imHeMA), poly (propylene imine) dendrimer (PPI), poly (ethylene imine) dendrimer (PEI) and poly (amidoamine) dendrimer (PAMAM) at least one. For example, the ligand LD including a basic functional group can be derived from at least one compound selected from compound group 3.

[0218] [Compound Group 3]

[0219]

[0220]

[0221]

[0222] In compound group 3, R 1 and R 2 Can be independently -CH 3 、-CH 2 CH 3 or -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 In compound group 3, compound 3-1 may be N,N-dimethylvinylbenzylamine, N,N-diethylvinylbenzylamine or N,N-dipropylvinylbenzylamine. In compound group 3, compound 3-2 may be N-acryloyl-N'-methylpiperazine, N-acryloyl-N'-ethylpiperazine or N-acryloyl-N'-propylpiperazine.

[0223] In conventional metal nanoparticles, the core including the metal oxide may have defects such as oxygen vacancies, and the oxygen vacancies may transfer charges or may capture charges. When such defects are excessive, the charges may be trapped in the core. If the charges are trapped in the core, the charges will not be injected into the emission layer, and the characteristics of the light-emitting element will deteriorate. Even when such defects are not excessive, the charges may not be easily injected into the emission layer, and the characteristics of the light-emitting element may deteriorate.

[0224] In contrast, according to an embodiment, in a metal nanoparticle NP including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet reactive functional group, defects can be adjusted, which improves charge transfer and / or injection characteristics. Acidic functional groups, basic functional groups and ultraviolet reactive functional groups can each be functional groups that shrink or expand when alkaline materials, acidic materials and ultraviolet light are provided, respectively, thereby adjusting the defects of the core MC. When alkaline materials, acidic materials or ultraviolet light are provided, respectively, the ligand LD including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet reactive functional group can shrink or expand. In an embodiment, when the ligand LD shrinks, the surface area of ​​the core MC to which the ligand LD is bonded can increase, and the metal nanoparticle NP can aggregate, which can reduce the density of the layer containing the metal nanoparticle NP. When the density of the layer is reduced, the distance of the path of travel of light between the metal nanoparticles NP can increase, which can improve the efficiency of the light-emitting element ED. In another embodiment, when the ligand LD expands, the interfacial activity with the adjacent electrode (eg, the first electrode EL1 and / or the second electrode EL2 ) may increase, and the property of facilitating charge injection may be enhanced.

[0225] In an embodiment, when (such as 5A to 6D When the electron transport region ETR (shown in FIG. 1 ) includes metal nanoparticles NP, the ligand LD of the metal nanoparticles NP may include an acidic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. In the method for manufacturing a light-emitting element according to an embodiment to be described later, the light-emitting element P-ED (see FIG. 1 ) is prepared. Fig. 12B ) of the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12B ) may include prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP (see Fig.11 ), and can provide a pre-light emitting element P-ED (see Fig. 12B ) provides alkaline materials for negative aging. Including in the preparation of ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) reacts with the basic material, and thus, the prepared ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) can be shrunk or expanded. In another embodiment, the preparatory light emitting element P-ED (see Fig. 12A ) provides ultraviolet light RA (see Fig. 12A) and included in the preparatory ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) reacts with the ultraviolet light RA, and thus, the preliminary ligand P-LD can shrink or can expand.

[0226] In an embodiment, when (such as Figure 5C , Figure 5D , Figure 6C and Fig.6D When the hole transport region HTR (shown in FIG. 1 ) includes metal nanoparticles NP-1, the ligand LD of the metal nanoparticles NP-1 may include a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. In the method for manufacturing a light-emitting element according to an embodiment to be described later, the light-emitting element P-ED (see FIG. 1 ) is prepared. Fig. 12B ) of the hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig. 12B ) may include prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP (see Fig.11 ), and can provide a pre-light emitting element P-ED (see Fig. 12B ) provides acidic materials for positive aging. Including in the preparation of ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) reacts with the acidic material, and thus, the prepared ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) can shrink or can expand.

[0227] The light emitting element according to the embodiment can be manufactured by the method according to the embodiment. Fig. 9 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment. Figures 10 to 13 Each is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a step of manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment. Figures 9 to 13 The description will no longer refer to Figures 1 to 8 Features described, and different features will be described.

[0228] refer to Fig. 9 The method for manufacturing a light emitting element according to an embodiment may include preparing a preliminary light emitting element (S100) and forming a light emitting element (S200). Preparing the preliminary light emitting element (S100) may include: forming a first electrode EL1 (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ); forming a quantum dot QD-C (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) of the emission layer EML (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ); forming a second electrode EL2 (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) ; forming an electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ); and forming a hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ).

[0229] In an embodiment, the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) and the hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) may include providing a preparatory metal nanoparticle P-NP (see Fig.11 ) of the composition COP (see Fig.10 In an embodiment, the first electrode EL1 (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) and the formation of the emission layer EML (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is formed between the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) and the hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is a step in the formation of the emission layer EML (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is formed and the second electrode EL2 (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is formed between the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) and the hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B )’s remaining steps in the formation.

[0230] In the following, the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) will be described as being formed on the first electrode EL1 (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is formed and the emission layer EML (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is performed between the formation of the hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) will be described as forming the emission layer EML (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is formed with the second electrode EL2 (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is performed between the formation of ). However, this is shown only for exemplary purposes, and the embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0231] Fig.10 The electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the formation of . Fig.11 yes Fig.10 An enlarged schematic diagram of area AA' in FIG. Fig.11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the COP of the composition. The COP of the composition including the prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP can be provided (see Fig.11 ) is used to form the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B ). For example, in an embodiment, the composition COP can be provided by an inkjet printing method or by a drop coating method. Fig.10 , the composition COP is shown as being provided through the nozzle NZ, but the means for providing the composition COP is not limited thereto.

[0232] refer to Fig.11 The composition COP may include the prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP and the solvent CV. The solvent CV may be a material that can easily disperse the prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP. The prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP may include the core MC and the prepared ligands P-LD. The prepared ligands P-LD may shrink or may swell, thereby forming the ligands LD (see Fig.13 ). The preliminary ligand P-LD may include an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. When an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group is provided, the preliminary ligand P-LD including the acidic functional group, the basic functional group or the ultraviolet-reactive functional group may shrink or may expand.

[0233] Fig. 12A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing ultraviolet light RA supplied to the preliminary light-emitting element P-ED, and Fig. 12B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an alkaline material or an acidic material provided to a preliminary light-emitting element P-ED. An emission layer EML may be formed by providing a quantum dot composition including quantum dots QD-C. The quantum dot composition may include quantum dots QD-C and a solvent in which quantum dots QD-C are dispersed. For example, the quantum dots QD-C may be dispersed in a solvent and may be provided by an inkjet printing method or by a drop coating method. A hole transport region P-HTR may be formed on the emission layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 may be formed on the hole transport region P-HTR.

[0234] The method can be performed by providing a prepared metal nanoparticle P-NP (see Fig.11 ) of the composition COP (see Fig.11 ) to form the hole transport region P-HTR. The prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP provided for forming the hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig.11 ) of the nuclear MC (see Fig.11 ) may be different from the prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP provided for forming the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig.11 ) of the nuclear MC (see Fig.11 For example, the prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP provided for forming the hole transport region P-HTR (see Fig.11 ) of the nuclear MC (see Fig.11 ) may include MoO 3 , and used to form the prepared metal nanoparticles P-NP provided by the electron transport region P-ETR (see Fig.11 ) of the nuclear MC (see Fig.11 ) may include ZnO or ZMO. However, this is described only as an example, and the material of the core MC is not limited thereto.

[0235] Ultraviolet light RA and an acidic material (or alkaline material) GA may be provided after forming the second electrode EL2. The acidic material (or alkaline material) GA may be provided in the form of a gas. The acidic material (or alkaline material) GA in the form of a gas may be provided to the preliminary light-emitting element P-ED using a gas providing device EV. For example, the acidic material GA may include at least one of isobutyric acid and citric acid. As another example, the alkaline material may include ammonia. However, this is only described as an example, and the acidic material (or alkaline material) GA is not limited thereto.

[0236] It is possible to only direct light to the target light emitting elements (for example, the first light emitting element ED-1, the second light emitting element ED-2, and the third light emitting element ED-3 (see FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D ) provide an acidic material, an alkaline material or ultraviolet light. In an embodiment, when at least one quantum dot light-emitting element and at least one organic light-emitting element are provided (for example, when manufacturing the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2 and the third light-emitting element ED-3 (see FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D ), only the acidic material, alkaline material or ultraviolet light may be provided to at least one quantum dot light emitting element. When the acidic material, alkaline material or ultraviolet light is provided to the organic light emitting element, the organic light emitting element may be damaged. Therefore, in an embodiment, the acidic material, alkaline material or ultraviolet light should be provided only to the quantum dot light emitting element. For example, the acidic material, alkaline material or ultraviolet light may be provided only to the target light emitting element. Figures 10 to 13 Each is a schematic diagram showing a method of manufacturing a quantum dot light emitting element. For example, a hole transport region and an electron transport region of an organic light emitting element including an organic emission material can each be formed by a deposition process.

[0237] Fig.13 It is shown that when providing an acidic material (or alkaline material) GA (see Fig. 12B) is an enlarged schematic diagram of the electron transport region ETR after. Fig.13 In the example, the electron transport region ETR is shown (see FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ), but the same or substantially similar description may be applied to the hole transport region HTR (see FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D ).

[0238] To prepare the ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) provides ultraviolet light RA (see Fig. 12A ) or acidic material (or alkaline material) GA (see Fig. 12B ) to form metal nanoparticles NP including ligand LD. The prepared ligand P-LD including UV-reactive functional groups can be treated with UV light RA (see Fig. 12A ) to shrink or expand. The preparatory ligand P-LD including an acidic functional group or a basic functional group can be reacted with an acidic material GA or a basic material GA (see Fig. 12B ) reaction and shrink or expand.

[0239] exist Fig.11 and Fig.13 In the preparation of the ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) is shown to form a ligand LD by contraction, but the embodiment is not limited thereto. In the embodiment, the preparatory ligand P-LD (see Fig.11 ) can expand, thereby forming the ligand LD.

[0240] The electron transport region ETR may include a matrix portion CR and metal nanoparticles NP dispersed in the matrix portion CR. Fig.11 ) can shrink to form a ligand LD. Therefore, the gap between adjacent metal nanoparticles NP narrows, and the metal nanoparticles NP become closer to each other. Therefore, the density of the layer decreases, and the travel path of light between the metal nanoparticles NP increases in distance, which can improve the efficiency of the light emitting element ED.

[0241] Fig.14 is a graph showing current density measured across a range of driving voltages in a pure electronic device (EOD) element including metal nanoparticles. For the elements according to Experimental Example A1, Experimental Example A2, Experimental Example B1, and Experimental Example B2, in the metal nanoparticles, the ligand includes an ultraviolet reactive functional group, and the metal nanoparticles are included as an electron transport material. MgAg is used as an electrode material for the EOD element.

[0242] The elements according to Experimental Examples A1, A2, B1, and B2 each include metal nanoparticles formed of a core including ZnO and ZMO, and the elements according to Experimental Examples B1 and B2 each include an emission layer including quantum dots. The elements according to Experimental Examples A1 and A2 do not include an emission layer.

[0243] In Experimental Example A1 and Experimental Example A2, the light emitting element according to Experimental Example A1 is the element before ultraviolet irradiation is provided, and the light emitting element according to Experimental Example A2 is the element after ultraviolet irradiation is provided. In Experimental Example B1 and Experimental Example B2, the light emitting element according to Experimental Example B1 is the element before ultraviolet irradiation is provided, and the light emitting element according to Experimental Example B2 is the element after ultraviolet irradiation is provided. Ultraviolet light is irradiated at 1.5 J / cm 2 Irradiation was for 1 minute with a composite wavelength in the range of about 300 nm to about 600 nm.

[0244] refer to Fig.14 It can be seen that the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example A2 exhibits a reduced driving voltage at the same current density compared to the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example A1. It can be seen that the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example B2 exhibits a reduced driving voltage at the same current density compared to the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example B1, and exhibits a reduced current density at the same driving voltage.

[0245] When ultraviolet irradiation is provided, MgAg forming the electrode reacts rapidly with oxygen of the metal nanoparticles, and thus, the interface between the electron transport region formed by the metal nanoparticles and the electrode is modified, and the energy barrier is lowered, thereby increasing the injection and / or transport of electrons. The energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the metal nanoparticles is lowered, which enables easy injection and / or transport of electrons. Therefore, in the embodiment, it can be seen that the ligand LD (see Figure 8 ) formed by metal nanoparticles NP (see Figure 8 ) contributes to the light emitting elements ED and ED-a to ED-g (see 5A to 6D )’s driving voltage is reduced and efficiency is improved.

[0246] The light emitting elements including the metal nanoparticles according to the embodiment were evaluated, and the results are shown in the following Tables 1 and 2. Fig.15The light-emitting elements according to Experimental Example C1 and Experimental Example C2 each include metal nanoparticles according to an embodiment formed by an ultraviolet-reactive functional group. The light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C1 is the same as the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C2, except for the presence or absence of ultraviolet irradiation. The light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C1 is an element before ultraviolet irradiation is provided, and the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C2 is an element after ultraviolet irradiation is provided. Ultraviolet light is irradiated at 120 W for 10 minutes, wherein the composite wavelength is in the range of about 300 nm to about 600 nm.

[0247] In Table 1, CIE_x and CIE_y represent CIE color coordinates, and λ max represents the maximum emission wavelength. The driving voltage represents the value measured relative to a current of 5 mA. The light-emitting element has a structure including an electron transport region below the emission layer and a hole transport region above the emission layer. Fig.15 In Table 1, the voltage is measured as a negative value, but the driving voltage value is its absolute value. In Table 1, for convenience, the driving voltage is expressed as a positive value.

[0248] [Table 1]

[0249]

[0250]

[0251] Refer to Table 1 and Fig.15 , compared with the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C1, the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C2 has a significantly lower driving voltage. Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C2 has a luminous efficiency improved by 80% or more compared with the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C1. It can be seen that the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C1 and the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example C2 each have similar maximum emission wavelengths, full width at half maximum, and CIE color coordinate values. Therefore, in the embodiment, it can be seen that the ligand LD (see Figure 8 ) formed by metal nanoparticles NP (see Figure 8 ) contributes to the light emitting elements ED and ED-a to ED-g (see 5A to 6D )’s driving voltage is reduced and efficiency is improved.

[0252] The light-emitting elements including metal nanoparticles were evaluated, and the evaluation results are listed in Table 2 below. The light-emitting elements according to Experimental Example D1 and Experimental Example D2 include metal nanoparticles formed of basic functional groups. The light-emitting element according to Experimental Example D1 is an element after providing an acidic material, and the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example D2 is an element before providing an acidic material. Isobutyric acid was provided as an acidic material. In Table 2, relative to 5 mA / cm 2 The driving voltage (V1) is measured with a current density of 146 nits, and the driving voltage (V2) is measured with respect to a brightness of 146 nits. Luminous efficiency, luminous efficiency (L1), external quantum efficiency (EQE), CIE_x, and CIE_y are each measured with respect to a brightness of 146 nits. Luminous efficiency L1 is the value of luminous efficiency divided by CIE_y. CIE_x and CIE_y each represent a CIE color coordinate.

[0253] [Table 2]

[0254]

[0255] With reference to Table 2, it can be seen that the light-emitting elements according to Experimental Example D1 and Experimental Example D2 exhibit similar color coordinates. It can be seen that the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example D1 has a reduced driving voltage and an improved luminous efficiency of 90% or more compared to the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example D2. It can be seen that the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example D1 has an improved EQE compared to the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example D2. After providing an acidic material, the light-emitting element according to Experimental Example D1 includes metal nanoparticles formed by basic functional groups according to an embodiment. Because an acidic material is provided, the ligand shrinks or expands, which adjusts the oxygen vacancies of the metal nanoparticles and improves electron injection and / or transport characteristics. Therefore, in the embodiment, it can be seen that the light-emitting element including metal nanoparticles formed by ligands containing basic functional groups exhibits a reduced driving voltage and excellent efficiency.

[0256] The method for manufacturing a light-emitting element according to an embodiment may include: providing a composition including a prepared metal nanoparticle in the formation of at least one of an electron transport region and a hole transport region; and forming a light-emitting element by providing an acidic material, an alkaline material or ultraviolet light. The metal nanoparticles may include an acidic functional group, an alkaline functional group or an ultraviolet reactive functional group, and may include a ligand bonded to a core. The ligand including an acidic functional group, an alkaline functional group or an ultraviolet reactive functional group may shrink or expand by reacting with an alkaline material, an acidic material or ultraviolet light, respectively.

[0257] The display device according to the embodiment may include a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element, each emitting light in a different wavelength region. At least one of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element may include a quantum dot. In the light-emitting element including quantum dots, according to the embodiment, at least one of the electron transport region and the hole transport region may include metal nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles including acidic functional groups, basic functional groups, or ultraviolet-reactive functional groups and including ligands bonded to the core may have improved charge injection and / or transport characteristics. Therefore, a light-emitting element including metal nanoparticles containing ligands may have a reduced driving voltage and exhibit excellent efficiency.

[0258] The light emitting element and the display device including the same according to the embodiment include a ligand including an acidic functional group, a basic functional group, or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group, which may contribute to excellent efficiency.

[0259] The method of manufacturing a light emitting element according to the embodiment may include forming the light emitting element by providing an acidic material, a basic material, or ultraviolet light, and thus a light emitting element having excellent light efficiency may be manufactured.

[0260] Embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although terms are employed, they are used and interpreted in a general and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. In some cases, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with an embodiment may be used alone or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in conjunction with other embodiments, unless otherwise specifically stated. Therefore, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A light emitting element, wherein: The light emitting element comprises: a first electrode; A second electrode, disposed on the first electrode; An emission layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer comprising quantum dots; a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and An electron transport region is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein: The emission layer is disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region, At least one of the hole transport region and the electron transport region includes metal nanoparticles, The metal nanoparticles include: a core comprising a metal oxide; and a ligand bonded to the core, the ligand comprising an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or a UV-reactive functional group, and When ultraviolet light is provided, the ultraviolet reactive functional group shrinks or expands.

2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The acidic functional group includes at least one of a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino acid group and a boric acid group.

3. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The ligand including the acidic functional group is derived from at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethylacrylic acid, propylacrylic acid, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, itaconic acid, ethylene glycol phosphate acrylate, vinylphosphonic acid, ethylene glycol phosphate methacrylate, 4-vinyl-benzylphosphonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, 4-styrenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 3-sulfonate propyl methacrylate potassium salt, aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, histidine, vinylphenylboronic acid and 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid.

4. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The basic functional group includes at least one of an amine group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, a pyridyl group and an imidazole group.

5. The light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The ligand comprising the basic functional group is derived from (2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, (2-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, (2-dipropylamino)ethyl methacrylate, (2-diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate, N-(3-(dimethylamino)-propyl)methacrylamide, (2-dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate, 2-(tert-butylamino)ethyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethylvinylbenzylamine, N,N-diethylvinylbenzylamine, N,N-dipropylvinylbenzylamine, (2-diethylamino)ethylacrylamide, At least one of 1-(2-N-morpholino)ethyl methacrylate, 1-(2-N-morpholino)ethyl methacrylamide, 1-ethylpyrrolidine methacrylate, 1-(2-N-morpholino)ethyl piperazine, 1-(2-N-morpholino)ethyl piperazine, 1-(2-N-morpholino)ethyl methacrylamide, 1-ethylpyrrolidine methacrylate, 1-(2-N-acryloyl)methyl piperazine, 1-(2-N-acryloyl)ethyl piperazine, 1-(2-N-acryloyl)propyl piperazine, 1-(4-vinylpyridine)methyl piperazine, 1-(2-vinylpyridine)methyl piperazine, 1-(2-N-vinylimidazole)methyl piperazine, 1-(1-(2-N-imidazol-1-yl)hexyl methacrylate, 1-(2-N-morpholino)ethyl methacrylate, 1-(2-N-morpholino)ethyl methacrylamide, 1-ethylpyrrolidine ...acryloyl)methyl piperazine, 1-(2-N-acryloyl)ethyl piperazine, 1-(2- 6. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The ultraviolet-reactive functional group includes at least one of a spiropyranyl group and a merocyanine group.

7. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The ligand including the ultraviolet-reactive functional group is derived from at least one compound selected from compound group 1: Compound Group 1 Among them, in compound group 1, R a is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

8. The light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein: The metal oxide includes at least one of SnO, SnO2, CuGaO2, Ga2O3, Cu2O, SrCu2O2, SrTiO3, CuAlO2, Ta2O5, NiO, BaSnO3, MoO3 and TiO2; or The metal oxide is represented by formula M-1: Formula M-1 Zn q Me (1-q) O Among them, in formula M-1, q is a real number between 0 and 0.5, and Me is Li, Be, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, In, Sn(II), Sn(IV), Sb or Ba.

9. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The quantum dot includes a core portion and a ligand portion, the core portion includes an inorganic compound, the ligand portion is bonded to the core portion, and The ligand portion includes the acidic functional group or the basic functional group.

10. The light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The electron transport region includes the metal nanoparticles, and The ligand includes the acidic functional group or the ultraviolet-reactive functional group.

11. The light emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The hole transport region includes the metal nanoparticles, and The ligand includes the basic functional group or the ultraviolet-reactive functional group.

12. A display device, wherein: The display device comprises: The display element layer is arranged on the substrate layer, wherein: The display element layer includes a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element, each of which emits light in a different wavelength region, The first light emitting element, the second light emitting element and the third light emitting element each include: a first electrode; A second electrode, disposed on the first electrode; an emission layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport region disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer disposed between the hole transport region and the electron transport region, at least one of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element each including a quantum dot in the emission layer, The remaining light-emitting elements of the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element and the third light-emitting element each include an organic emission material in the emission layer, The light-emitting element including the quantum dots is the light-emitting element according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A method for manufacturing a light emitting element, wherein: The method comprises: preparing a preliminary light-emitting element; and The light emitting element is formed by providing an acidic material, an alkaline material or ultraviolet light to the preliminary light emitting element, wherein: The preparation of the preliminary light-emitting element comprises: forming a first electrode; forming an emission layer by providing quantum dots on the first electrode; forming a second electrode on the emission layer; forming a hole transport region; and The electron transport region is formed. one step of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region is performed between the forming of the first electrode and the forming of the emission layer, and performing the remaining steps among the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region between the forming of the emission layer and the forming of the second electrode, At least one of the forming of the hole transport region and the forming of the electron transport region comprises providing a composition comprising prepared metal nanoparticles, The prepared metal nanoparticles include: a core comprising a metal oxide; and a preparatory ligand bonded to the core, the preparatory ligand comprising an acidic functional group, a basic functional group or an ultraviolet-reactive functional group, When the ultraviolet light is provided, the ultraviolet reactive functional group shrinks or expands.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: When the acidic material, the basic material, or the ultraviolet light is provided, the preliminary ligand shrinks or swells to form a ligand.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The acidic material includes at least one of isobutyric acid and citric acid, and Wherein, the alkaline material includes ammonia.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The composition is provided by an inkjet printing method or by a drop coating method.

17. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The acidic functional group includes at least one of a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino acid group and a boric acid group. wherein the basic functional group comprises at least one of an amine group, a morpholino group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperazinyl group, a pyridyl group and an imidazole group, and Wherein, the ligand comprising the ultraviolet-reactive functional group is derived from at least one compound selected from compound group 1: Compound Group 1 Among them, in compound group 1, R a is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.

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