Method for manipulating virtual objects

Abstract

In some embodiments, a computer system performs virtual object manipulation operations using respective portions of a user's body and / or an input device. In some embodiments, a computer system manipulates a virtual object based on input from a user's hand and / or a handheld device. In some embodiments, a computer system directly or indirectly manipulates a virtual object.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 376,913, filed on September 23, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 505,409, filed on May 31, 2023, the contents of both provisional applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention generally relates to computer systems that provide computer-generated experiences, including but not limited to electronic devices that provide virtual reality and mixed reality experiences via display generation components. Background Art

[0004] In recent years, the development of computer systems for augmented reality has increased significantly. Example augmented reality environments include at least some virtual elements that replace or augment the physical world. Input devices (such as cameras, controllers, joysticks, touch-sensitive surfaces, and touch screen displays) for computer systems and other electronic computing devices are used to interact with virtual / augmented reality environments. Example virtual elements include virtual objects such as digital images, videos, text, icons, and control elements (such as buttons and other graphics). Summary of the invention

[0005] Some methods and interfaces for interacting with environments that include at least some virtual elements (e.g., applications, augmented reality environments, mixed reality environments, and virtual reality environments) are cumbersome, inefficient, and limited. For example, systems that provide insufficient feedback for performing actions associated with virtual objects, systems that require a series of inputs to achieve desired results in augmented reality environments, and systems that make virtual object manipulation complex, cumbersome, and error-prone can impose a huge cognitive burden on users and detract from the experience of virtual / augmented reality environments. In addition, these methods take longer than necessary, wasting energy on the computer system. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-powered devices.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for computer systems with improved methods and interfaces to provide computer-generated experiences to users, so that the user's interaction with the computer system is more efficient and more intuitive to the user. Such methods and interfaces optionally supplement or replace conventional methods for providing extended reality experiences to users. Such methods and interfaces reduce the amount, degree and / or nature of inputs from the user by helping the user understand the connection between the inputs provided and the device's response to those inputs, thereby forming a more effective human-computer interface.

[0007] The above-mentioned defects and other problems associated with the user interface of the computer system are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed system. In some embodiments, the computer system is a desktop computer with an associated display. In some embodiments, the computer system is a portable device (e.g., a notebook computer, a tablet computer, or a handheld device). In some embodiments, the computer system is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch or a head-mounted device). In some embodiments, the computer system has a touch pad. In some embodiments, the computer system has one or more cameras. In some embodiments, the computer system has a touch-sensitive display (also referred to as a "touch screen" or "touch screen display"). In some embodiments, the computer system has one or more eye tracking components. In some embodiments, the computer system has one or more hand tracking components. In some embodiments, in addition to the display generation component, the computer system also has one or more output devices, which include one or more tactile output generators and / or one or more audio output devices. In some embodiments, the computer system has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, a memory, and one or more modules, a program or instruction set stored in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI through contact and gestures of a stylus and / or finger on a touch-sensitive surface, movement of the user's eyes and hands in space relative to the GUI (and / or computer system) or the user's body (as captured by a camera and other mobile sensors), and / or voice input (as captured by one or more audio input devices). In some embodiments, the functions performed by interaction optionally include image editing, drawing, presentations, word processing, spreadsheet creation, playing games, making and receiving calls, video conferencing, sending and receiving emails, instant messaging, testing support, digital photography, digital video recording, web browsing, digital music playback, note-taking, and / or digital video playback. Executable instructions for performing these functions are optionally included in a transient and / or non-transient computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.

[0008] There is a need for electronic devices with improved methods and interfaces for interacting with content in a three-dimensional environment. Such methods and interfaces can supplement or replace conventional methods for interacting with content in a three-dimensional environment. Such methods and interfaces reduce the amount, degree, and / or nature of input from a user and produce a more efficient human-computer interface. For battery-powered computing devices, such methods and interfaces save power and increase the time interval between battery charges.

[0009] In some embodiments, the computer system uses a corresponding part of the user's body and / or an input device to perform a virtual object manipulation operation. In some embodiments, the computer system manipulates the virtual object based on input from the user's hand and / or a handheld device. In some embodiments, the computer system directly or indirectly manipulates the virtual object.

[0010] It should be noted that the various embodiments described above can be combined with any other embodiments described herein. The features and advantages described in this specification are not comprehensive, and in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art based on the drawings, the specification, and the claims. In addition, it should be noted that the language used in this specification is selected in principle for readability and instructional purposes, and may not be selected to describe or define the subject matter of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the several views.

[0012] Figure 1A is a block diagram illustrating an operating environment of a computer system for providing an XR experience according to some embodiments.

[0013] Figure 1B to Figure 1P is used in Figure 1A An example of a computer system that provides an XR experience in an operating environment.

[0014] Figure 2 is a block diagram illustrating a controller of a computer system configured to manage and coordinate an XR experience for a user according to some embodiments.

[0015] Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating display generation components of a computer system configured to provide a visual component of an XR experience to a user according to some embodiments.

[0016] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating a hand tracking unit of a computer system configured to capture gesture input from a user according to some embodiments.

[0017] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an eye tracking unit of a computer system configured to capture gaze input of a user according to some embodiments.

[0018] Figure 6 is a flow chart illustrating a flash-assisted gaze tracking pipeline according to some embodiments.

[0019] 7A to 7DIllustrate an example of a computer system that uses corresponding parts of a user's body and / or input devices to perform virtual object manipulation operations according to some embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method of performing virtual object manipulation operations using corresponding parts of a user's body and / or input devices according to some embodiments.

[0021] FIG. 9A to FIG. 9F1 Examples illustrate manipulation of virtual objects based on input from a user's hands and / or a handheld device in accordance with some embodiments.

[0022] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10I is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for manipulating a virtual object based on input from a user's hand and / or handheld device according to some embodiments.

[0023] FIG. 11A to FIG. 11H Examples illustrate direct or indirect manipulation of virtual objects according to some embodiments.

[0024] FIG. 12A to FIG. 12H is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method of directly or indirectly manipulating a virtual object according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] According to some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a user interface for providing a computer-generated (CGR) experience to a user.

[0026] The systems, methods, and GUIs described herein provide improved ways for electronic devices to facilitate interaction with and manipulation of objects in a three-dimensional environment.

[0027] In some embodiments, the computer system uses a corresponding part of the user's body and / or an input device to perform a virtual object manipulation operation. In some embodiments, the computer system manipulates the virtual object based on input from the user's hand and / or a handheld device. In some embodiments, the computer system directly or indirectly manipulates the virtual object.

[0028] Figures 1A to 6 A description of an example computer system for providing an XR experience to a user (such as described below with respect to methods 800 , 1000 , and / or 1200 ) is provided. 7A to 7D Example techniques for performing virtual object manipulation operations using corresponding parts of a user's body and / or input devices are illustrated. FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E is a flow chart of a method for performing a virtual object manipulation operation using a corresponding part of a user's body and / or an input device. 7A to 7D The user interface in FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E process. 9A to 9FExample techniques for manipulating virtual objects based on input from a user's hands and / or a handheld device are illustrated. FIG. 10A to FIG. 10I is a flow chart of a method for manipulating a virtual object based on input from a user's hand and / or a handheld device. 9A to 9F The user interface in FIG. 10A to FIG. 10I process. FIG. 11A to FIG. 11H Example techniques for directly or indirectly manipulating virtual objects are illustrated. FIG. 12A to FIG. 12H is a flow chart of a method for directly or indirectly manipulating a virtual object. FIG. 11A to FIG. 11H The user interface in FIG. 12A to FIG. 12H process.

[0029] The process described below enhances the operability of the device and makes the user-device interface more efficient (e.g., by helping the user provide appropriate input and reducing user errors when operating the device / interacting with the device) through various technologies, including providing improved visual feedback to the user, reducing the number of inputs required to perform an operation, providing additional control options without cluttering the user interface with additional display controls, performing an operation without further user input when a set of conditions have been met, improving privacy and / or security, providing a more diverse, detailed and / or realistic user experience while saving storage space, and / or additional technologies. These technologies also reduce power usage and extend the battery life of the device by enabling the user to use the device faster and more efficiently. Saving battery power, and therefore saving weight, improves the ergonomics of the device. These technologies also enable real-time communication, allow the use of fewer and / or less accurate sensors, thereby producing a more compact, lighter and cheaper device, and enable the device to be used under various lighting conditions. These techniques reduce energy usage and thereby reduce the heat emitted by the device, which is particularly important for wearable devices where if the device generates too much heat well within the operating parameters of the device components, it may become uncomfortable for the user to wear the device.

[0030] In addition, in the method described herein where one or more steps depend on one or more conditions being met, it should be understood that the method can be repeated in multiple repetitions so that in the process of repetition, all conditions for determining the steps in the method have been met in different repetitions of the method. For example, if the method requires performing the first step (if the condition is met), and performing the second step (if the condition is not met), then the skilled person will know that the steps stated are repeated until both the condition is met and the condition is not met (in no particular order). Therefore, the method described as having one or more steps depending on one or more conditions being met can be rewritten as a method of repeating until each condition described in the method is met. However, this does not require the system or computer-readable medium to declare that the system or computer-readable medium contains instructions for performing a contingent operation based on the satisfaction of the corresponding one or more conditions, and is therefore able to determine whether a possible situation has been met without explicitly repeating the steps of the method until all conditions for determining the steps in the method have been met. It will also be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, similar to the method with the contingent steps, the system or computer-readable storage medium can repeat the steps of the method as many times as needed to ensure that all the contingent steps have been performed.

[0031] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1A As shown, an XR experience is provided to a user via an operating environment 100 including a computer system 101. The computer system 101 includes a controller 110 (e.g., a processor of a portable electronic device or a remote server), a display generation component 120 (e.g., a head mounted device (HMD), a display, a projector, a touch screen, etc.), one or more input devices 125 (e.g., an eye tracking device 130, a hand tracking device 140, other input devices 150), one or more output devices 155 (e.g., a speaker 160, a tactile output generator 170, and other output devices 180), one or more sensors 190 (e.g., an image sensor, a light sensor, a depth sensor, a tactile sensor, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a position sensor, a motion sensor, a speed sensor, etc.), and optionally one or more peripheral devices 195 (e.g., a household appliance, a wearable device, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more of the input device 125, the output device 155, the sensor 190, and the peripheral device 195 are integrated with the display generation component 120 (e.g., in a head mounted device or a handheld device).

[0032] In describing an XR experience, various terms are used to distinguishably refer to several related but distinct environments that a user can sense and / or with which the user can interact (e.g., using inputs detected by the computer system 101 generating the XR experience, which inputs cause the computer system generating the XR experience to generate audio, visual, and / or tactile feedback corresponding to the various inputs provided to the computer system 101). The following is a subset of these terms:

[0033] Physical environment: The physical environment refers to the physical world that people can sense and / or interact with without the help of electronic systems. A physical environment, such as a physical park, includes physical objects, such as physical trees, physical buildings, and physical people. People can directly sense and / or interact with the physical environment, such as through vision, touch, hearing, taste, and smell.

[0034] Extended Reality: In contrast, an extended reality (XR) environment refers to a fully or partially simulated environment that people sense and / or interact with via an electronic system. In XR, a subset of a person's physical movements, or a representation thereof, is tracked, and in response, one or more characteristics of one or more virtual objects simulated in the XR environment are adjusted in a manner that complies with at least one physical law. For example, an XR system may detect a person's head turn, and in response, adjust the graphical content and sound field presented to the person in a manner similar to the way such views and sounds change in a physical environment. In some cases (e.g., for accessibility reasons), adjustments to the characteristics of virtual objects in the XR environment may be made in response to a representation of physical movement (e.g., a voice command). People can sense and / or interact with XR objects using any of their senses, including vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. For example, people can sense and / or interact with audio objects, which create a 3D or spatial audio environment that provides the perception of a point audio source in 3D space. As another example, an audio object can enable audio transparency that selectively introduces ambient sounds from the physical environment with or without computer-generated audio. In some XR environments, a person can sense and / or interact only with an audio object.

[0035] Examples of XR include virtual reality and mixed reality.

[0036] Virtual Reality: A virtual reality (VR) environment refers to a simulated environment designed to be based entirely on computer-generated sensory input to one or more senses. A VR environment includes a plurality of virtual objects that a person can sense and / or interact with. For example, trees, buildings, and computer-generated images representing avatars of people are examples of virtual objects. A person can sense and / or interact with virtual objects in a VR environment through a simulation of the person's presence within the computer-generated environment and / or through a simulation of a subset of the person's physical movement within the computer-generated environment.

[0037] Mixed Reality: In contrast to VR environments, which are designed to be based entirely on computer-generated sensory input, a mixed reality (MR) environment refers to a simulated environment that is designed to include sensory input from the physical environment, or representations thereof, in addition to computer-generated sensory input (e.g., virtual objects). On the virtuality continuum, a mixed reality environment is anything between, but not including, a fully physical environment at one end and a virtual reality environment at the other end. In some MR environments, computer-generated sensory input can respond to changes in sensory input from the physical environment. In addition, some electronic systems used to render MR environments can track position and / or orientation relative to the physical environment to enable virtual objects to interact with real objects (i.e., physical items from the physical environment, or representations thereof). For example, the system can cause motion so that virtual trees appear stationary relative to the physical ground.

[0038] Examples of mixed reality include augmented reality and augmented virtuality.

[0039] Augmented reality: An augmented reality (AR) environment refers to a simulated environment in which one or more virtual objects are superimposed on a physical environment or a representation of a physical environment. For example, an electronic system for presenting an AR environment may have a transparent or translucent display through which a person can directly view the physical environment. The system may be configured to present virtual objects on a transparent or translucent display so that a person uses the system to perceive virtual objects superimposed on the physical environment. Alternatively, the system may have an opaque display and one or more imaging sensors that capture images or videos of the physical environment, which are representations of the physical environment. The system combines the image or video with the virtual object and presents the composition on an opaque display. A person uses the system to indirectly view the physical environment via an image or video of the physical environment and perceives virtual objects superimposed on the physical environment. As used herein, a video of a physical environment displayed on an opaque display is referred to as a "transparent video," meaning that the system uses one or more image sensors to capture images of the physical environment and uses those images when presenting the AR environment on an opaque display. Further alternatively, the system may have a projection system that projects virtual objects into a physical environment, such as as a hologram or on a physical surface, so that a person using the system perceives virtual objects superimposed on the physical environment. An augmented reality environment also refers to a simulated environment in which a representation of a physical environment is transformed by computer-generated sensory information. For example, in providing a pass-through video, the system may transform one or more sensor images to apply a selected perspective (e.g., a viewpoint) that is different from the perspective captured by the imaging sensor. For another example, the representation of the physical environment may be transformed by graphically modifying (e.g., enlarging) a portion thereof so that the modified portion may be a representative but not real version of the original captured image. For another example, the representation of the physical environment may be transformed by graphically eliminating a portion thereof or blurring a portion thereof.

[0040] Augmented Virtual: An augmented virtual (AV) environment refers to a simulated environment in which a virtual environment or a computer-generated environment incorporates one or more sensory inputs from the physical environment. The sensory input may be a representation of one or more characteristics of the physical environment. For example, an AV park may have virtual trees and virtual buildings, but the faces of people are realistically reproduced from images taken of physical people. For another example, a virtual object may take the shape or color of a physical object imaged by one or more imaging sensors. For another example, a virtual object may take a shadow that conforms to the positioning of the sun in the physical environment.

[0041] In an augmented reality, mixed reality or virtual reality environment, a view of a three-dimensional environment is visible to a user. The view of a three-dimensional environment is usually visible to a user through a virtual viewport via one or more display generation components (e.g., a display or a pair of display modules that provide stereoscopic content to different eyes of the same user), and the virtual viewport has a viewport boundary, which defines the scope of the three-dimensional environment visible to the user via one or more display generation components. In some embodiments, the area defined by the viewport boundary is smaller than the user's visual range in one or more dimensions (e.g., based on the user's visual range, the size of one or more display generation components, optical properties or other physical properties, and / or the position and / or orientation of one or more display generation components relative to the user's eyes). In some embodiments, the area defined by the viewport boundary is larger than the user's visual range in one or more dimensions (e.g., based on the user's visual range, the size of one or more display generation components, optical properties or other physical properties, and / or the position and / or orientation of one or more display generation components relative to the user's eyes). The viewport and viewport boundary usually move with the movement of one or more display generation components (e.g., for a head-mounted device, it moves with the user's head, or for a handheld device such as a tablet or smart phone, it moves with the user's hand). The user's viewpoint determines what is visible in the viewport, and the viewpoint typically specifies a position and orientation relative to the three-dimensional environment, and as the viewpoint moves, the view of the three-dimensional environment will also move in the viewport. For head-mounted devices, the viewpoint is typically based on the position and orientation of the user's head, face, and / or eyes to provide a view of the three-dimensional environment that is perceptually accurate and provides an immersive experience when the user is using the head-mounted device. For handheld or fixed devices, the viewpoint moves as the handheld or fixed device moves and / or as the user's positioning relative to the handheld or fixed device changes (e.g., the user moves toward, away from, up, down, right, and / or left). For devices including display generation components with virtual pass-through, portions of the physical environment that are visible (e.g., displayed and / or projected) via one or more display generation components are based on the field of view of one or more cameras in communication with the display generation components, which one or more cameras typically move with movement of the display generation components (e.g., with movement of the user's head for a head-mounted device, or with movement of the user's hands for a handheld device such as a tablet or smartphone) because the user's viewpoint moves with movement of the field of view of the one or more cameras (and the appearance of one or more virtual objects displayed via the one or more display generation components is updated based on the user's viewpoint (e.g., the display positioning and pose of the virtual objects are updated based on movement of the user's viewpoint)).For display generating components with optical transmittance, portions of the physical environment that are visible via one or more display generating components (e.g., optically visible through one or more partially or fully transparent portions of the display generating components) are based on the user's field of view through the partially or fully transparent portions of the display generating components (e.g., moves as the user's head moves for a head-mounted device, or moves as the user's hands move for a handheld device such as a tablet or smart phone) because the user's viewpoint moves as the user moves through the field of view of the partially or fully transparent portions of the display generating components (and the appearance of one or more virtual objects is updated based on the user's viewpoint).

[0042] In some embodiments, the representation of the physical environment (e.g., displayed via virtual transmission or optical transmission) may be partially or completely obscured by the virtual environment. In some embodiments, the amount of the virtual environment displayed (e.g., the amount of the physical environment that is not displayed) is based on the immersion level of the virtual environment (e.g., relative to the representation of the physical environment). For example, increasing the immersion level optionally causes more of the virtual environment to be displayed, replacing and / or obscuring more of the physical environment, and reducing the immersion level optionally causes less of the virtual environment to be displayed, thereby revealing portions of the physical environment that were previously not displayed and / or obscured. In some embodiments, at a particular immersion level, one or more first background objects (e.g., in the representation of the physical environment) are more visually de-emphasized (e.g., dimmed, blurred, displayed with increased transparency) than one or more second background objects, and one or more third background objects cease to be displayed. In some embodiments, the immersion level includes an associated degree to which virtual content (e.g., a virtual environment and / or virtual content) displayed by a computer system obscures background content (e.g., content other than the virtual environment and / or virtual content) surrounding / behind the virtual environment, optionally including the number of items of background content displayed and / or displayed visual characteristics of the background content (e.g., color, contrast, and / or opacity), the angular range of the virtual content displayed via the display generation component (e.g., 60 degrees for content displayed at low immersion, 120 degrees for content displayed at medium immersion, or 180 degrees for content displayed at high immersion), and / or the proportion of the field of view displayed via the display generation component that is occupied by the virtual content (e.g., 33% of the field of view occupied by the virtual content at low immersion, 66% of the field of view occupied by the virtual content at medium immersion, or 100% of the field of view occupied by the virtual content at high immersion). In some embodiments, the background content is included in the background on which the virtual content is displayed (e.g., background content in a representation of the physical environment). In some embodiments, the background content includes a user interface (e.g., a user interface generated by a computer system corresponding to an application), virtual objects that are not associated with or included in the virtual environment and / or virtual content (e.g., files generated by a computer system or representations of other users, etc.), and / or real objects (e.g., transparent objects representing real objects in the physical environment surrounding the user, which are visible so that they are displayed via the display generation component and / or visible via transparent or translucent components of the display generation component because the computer system does not block / impede their visibility through the display generation component). In some embodiments, at a low immersion level (e.g., a first immersion level), the background, virtual and / or real objects are displayed in an unobstructed manner. For example, a virtual environment with a low immersion level is optionally displayed simultaneously with the background content, which is optionally displayed at full brightness, color and / or translucency.In some embodiments, at a higher immersion level (e.g., a second immersion level higher than the first immersion level), background, virtual and / or real objects are displayed in an obstructed manner (e.g., dimmed, blurred, or removed from the display). For example, a corresponding virtual environment with a high immersion level is displayed without simultaneously displaying background content (e.g., in full screen or full immersion mode). As another example, a virtual environment displayed at a medium immersion level is displayed simultaneously with background content that is dimmed, blurred, or otherwise de-emphasized. In some embodiments, the visual characteristics of background objects vary between background objects. For example, at a particular immersion level, one or more first background objects are more visually de-emphasized (e.g., dimmed, blurred, and / or displayed with increased transparency) than one or more second background objects, and one or more third background objects stop displaying. In some embodiments, zero immersion or zero immersion level corresponds to a virtual environment that stops displaying, and instead displays a representation of the physical environment (optionally with one or more virtual objects, such as applications, windows, or virtual three-dimensional objects), while the representation of the physical environment is not obscured by the virtual environment. Adjusting the immersion level using physical input elements provides a fast and efficient method of adjusting the degree of immersion, which enhances the operability of the computer system and makes the user-device interface more efficient.

[0043] Viewpoint-locked virtual objects: When a computer system displays a virtual object at the same position and / or location in a user's viewpoint, the virtual object is viewpoint-locked even if the user's viewpoint shifts (e.g., changes). In embodiments where the computer system is a head-mounted device, the user's viewpoint is locked to the forward direction of the user's head (e.g., when the user is looking straight ahead, the user's viewpoint is at least a portion of the user's field of view); thus, without moving the user's head, the user's viewpoint remains fixed even when the user's gaze shifts. In embodiments where the computer system has a display generation component (e.g., a display screen) that is repositionable relative to the user's head, the user's viewpoint is an augmented reality view presented to the user on the display generation component of the computer system. For example, a viewpoint-locked virtual object that is displayed in the upper left corner of the user's viewpoint when the user's viewpoint is in a first orientation (e.g., the user's head is facing north) continues to be displayed in the upper left corner of the user's viewpoint even when the user's viewpoint changes to a second orientation (e.g., the user's head is facing west). In other words, the position and / or location of the viewpoint-locked virtual object displayed in the user's viewpoint is independent of the user's position and / or orientation in the physical environment. In embodiments where the computer system is a head-mounted device, the user's viewpoint is locked to the orientation of the user's head, such that the virtual object is also referred to as a "head-locked virtual object."

[0044] Environment-locked visual objects: A virtual object is environment-locked (alternatively, "world-locked") when a computer system displays a virtual object at a position and / or location in a user's viewpoint that is based on (e.g., selected with reference to and / or anchored to) a location and / or object in a three-dimensional environment (e.g., a physical environment or a virtual environment). As the user's viewpoint moves, the location and / or objects in the environment change relative to the user's viewpoint, which causes the environment-locked virtual object to be displayed at a different location and / or location in the user's viewpoint. For example, an environment-locked virtual object locked to a tree immediately in front of the user is displayed at the center of the user's viewpoint. When the user's viewpoint shifts to the right (e.g., the user's head turns to the right) such that the tree is now to the left of center in the user's viewpoint (e.g., the tree location in the user's viewpoint shifts), the environment-locked virtual object locked to the tree is displayed to the left of center in the user's viewpoint. In other words, the position and / or orientation of the virtual object that is locked to the environment in the user's viewpoint depends on the position and / or orientation of the object in the environment to which the virtual object is locked. In some embodiments, the computer system uses a stationary reference system (e.g., a coordinate system anchored to a fixed position and / or object in the physical environment) to determine the position of the virtual object that is locked to the user's viewpoint. The virtual object that is locked to the environment can be locked to a stationary part of the environment (e.g., a floor, wall, table or other stationary object), or can be locked to a movable part of the environment (e.g., a vehicle, animal, person or even a representation of a part of the user's body that moves independently of the user's viewpoint, such as a hand, wrist, arm or foot of the user) so that the virtual object moves as the viewpoint or the part of the environment moves to maintain a fixed relationship between the virtual object and the part of the environment.

[0045] In some embodiments, an environment-locked or viewpoint-locked virtual object exhibits an inertial following behavior that reduces or delays the movement of the environment-locked or viewpoint-locked virtual object relative to the movement of the reference point followed by the virtual object. In some embodiments, when exhibiting inertial following behavior, when detecting the movement of a reference point (e.g., a portion of the environment, a viewpoint, or a point fixed relative to the viewpoint, such as a point between 5cm and 300cm from the viewpoint) that the virtual object is following, the computer system intentionally delays the movement of the virtual object. For example, when the reference point (e.g., the portion of the environment or the viewpoint) moves at a first speed, the virtual object is moved by the device to remain locked to the reference point, but moves at a second speed that is slower than the first speed (e.g., until the reference point stops moving or slows down, at which point the virtual object begins to catch up with the reference point). In some embodiments, when the virtual object exhibits inertial following behavior, the device ignores small amounts of movement of the reference point (e.g., ignoring movements of the reference point below a threshold movement amount, such as moving 0 degrees to 5 degrees or moving 0cm to 50cm). For example, when a reference point (e.g., a portion or viewpoint of an environment to which a virtual object is locked) moves a first amount, the distance between the reference point and the virtual object increases (e.g., because the virtual object is being displayed so as to maintain a fixed or substantially fixed position relative to a viewpoint or portion of the environment different from the reference point to which the virtual object is locked), and when the reference point (e.g., the portion or viewpoint of the environment to which the virtual object is locked) moves a second amount greater than the first amount, the distance between the reference point and the virtual object first increases (e.g., because the virtual object is being displayed so as to maintain a fixed or substantially fixed position relative to a viewpoint or portion of the environment different from the reference point to which the virtual object is locked), and then decreases when the amount of movement of the reference point increases above a threshold (e.g., a “lazy follow” threshold) because the virtual object is moved by the computer system to maintain a fixed or substantially fixed position relative to the reference point. In some embodiments, maintaining a substantially fixed position of the virtual object relative to the reference point includes displaying the virtual object within a threshold distance (e.g., 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 50 cm) of the reference point in one or more dimensions (e.g., up / down, left / right, and / or forward / backward relative to the position of the reference point).

[0046] Hardware: There are many different types of electronic systems that enable a person to sense and / or interact with various XR environments. Examples include head-mounted systems, projection-based systems, heads-up displays (HUDs), vehicle windshields with integrated display capabilities, windows with integrated display capabilities, displays formed as lenses designed to be placed on a person's eyes (e.g., similar to contact lenses), headphones / earpieces, speaker arrays, input systems (e.g., wearable or handheld controllers with or without tactile feedback), smartphones, tablet devices, and desktop / laptop computers. A head-mounted system can have one or more speakers and an integrated opaque display. Alternatively, a head-mounted system can be configured to accept an external opaque display (e.g., a smartphone). A head-mounted system can incorporate one or more imaging sensors for capturing images or video of the physical environment and / or one or more microphones for capturing audio of the physical environment. Instead of an opaque display, a head-mounted system can have a transparent or translucent display. A transparent or translucent display can have a medium through which light representing the image is directed to a person's eyes. The display can utilize digital light projection, OLED, LED, uLED, liquid crystal on silicon, laser scanning light source, or any combination of these technologies. The medium can be an optical waveguide, a hologram medium, an optical combiner, an optical reflector, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, a transparent or translucent display can be configured to become selectively opaque. The projection-based system can employ retinal projection technology that projects graphic images onto a person's retina. The projection system can also be configured to project virtual objects into a physical environment, such as as a hologram or on a physical surface. In some embodiments, the controller 110 is configured to manage and coordinate the user's XR experience. In some embodiments, the controller 110 includes a suitable combination of software, firmware, and / or hardware. The following description with respect to Figure 2Controller 110 is described in more detail. In some embodiments, controller 110 is a computing device that is located locally or remotely relative to scene 105 (e.g., physical environment). For example, controller 110 is a local server located within scene 105. As another example, controller 110 is a remote server (e.g., cloud server, central server, etc.) located outside scene 105. In some embodiments, controller 110 is communicatively coupled to display generation component 120 (e.g., HMD, display, projector, touch screen, etc.) via one or more wired or wireless communication channels 144 (e.g., Bluetooth, IEEE802.11x, IEEE802.16x, IEEE 802.3x, etc.). In another example, the controller 110 is included within a housing (e.g., a physical housing) of the display generating component 120 (e.g., an HMD or a portable electronic device including a display and one or more processors, etc.), one or more input devices of the input devices 125, one or more output devices of the output devices 155, one or more sensors of the sensors 190, and / or one or more peripheral devices of the peripheral devices 195, or shares the same physical housing or support structure with one or more of the above devices.

[0047] In some embodiments, the display generation component 120 is configured to provide an XR experience (e.g., at least the visual component of the XR experience) to the user. In some embodiments, the display generation component 120 includes a suitable combination of software, firmware, and / or hardware. Figure 3 Display generation component 120 is described in further detail. In some embodiments, the functionality of controller 110 is provided by and / or combined with display generation component 120.

[0048] According to some embodiments, display generation component 120 provides an XR experience to the user when the user is virtually and / or physically present within scene 105.

[0049] In some embodiments, the display generation component is worn on a part of the user's body (e.g., on his / her head, on his / her hand, etc.). In this way, the display generation component 120 includes one or more XR displays provided for displaying XR content. For example, in various embodiments, the display generation component 120 surrounds the user's field of view. In some embodiments, the display generation component 120 is a handheld device (such as a smart phone or tablet device) configured to present XR content, and the user holds a device with a display facing the user's field of view and a camera facing the scene 105. In some embodiments, the handheld device is optionally placed in a shell worn on the user's head. In some embodiments, the handheld device is optionally placed on a support (e.g., a tripod) in front of the user. In some embodiments, the display generation component 120 is an XR room, shell, or room configured to present XR content, wherein the user does not wear or hold the display generation component 120. Many user interfaces described with reference to one type of hardware for displaying XR content (e.g., a handheld device or a device on a tripod) may be implemented on another type of hardware for displaying XR content (e.g., an HMD or other wearable computing device). For example, a user interface showing interactions with XR content triggered based on interactions occurring in the space in front of a handheld device or a tripod-mounted device may similarly be implemented with an HMD, where the interactions occur in the space in front of the HMD and responses to the XR content are displayed via the HMD. Similarly, a user interface showing interactions with XR content triggered based on movement of a handheld device or a tripod-mounted device relative to a physical environment (e.g., scene 105 or a part of a user's body (e.g., the user's eyes, head, or hands)) may similarly be implemented with an HMD, where the movement is caused by movement of the HMD relative to the physical environment (e.g., scene 105 or a part of a user's body (e.g., the user's eyes, head, or hands)).

[0050] Despite Figure 1A Relevant features of operating environment 100 are shown in , but those skilled in the art will recognize from this disclosure that various other features are not illustrated for the sake of brevity and so as not to obscure more relevant aspects of the example embodiments disclosed herein.

[0051] Figure 1A to Figure 1PVarious examples of computer systems for performing methods and providing audio, visual, and / or tactile feedback as part of the user interface described herein are illustrated. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more display generation components (e.g., a first display component 1-120a and a second display component 1-120b and / or a first optical module 11.1.1-104a and a second optical module 11.1.1-104b) for displaying to a user of the computer system a representation of a virtual element and / or a physical environment, optionally generated based on detected events and / or user input detected by the computer system. The user interface generated by the computer system is optionally corrected by one or more corrective lenses 11.3.2-216, which are optionally removably attached to one or more of the optical modules to make the user interface easier to view by users who would otherwise use glasses or contact lenses to correct their vision. Although many of the user interfaces illustrated herein show a single view of the user interface, the user interface in the HMD is optionally displayed using two optical modules (e.g., a first display component 1-120a and a second display component 1-120b and / or a first optical module 11.1.1-104a and a second optical module 11.1.1-104b), one optical module for the user's right eye and a different optical module for the user's left eye, and slightly different images are presented to the two different eyes to generate the illusion of stereoscopic depth, the single view of the user interface is typically a right eye view or a left eye view, and the depth effect is explained in the text or using other schematics or views. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more external displays (e.g., display components 1-108) for displaying status information of the computer system to a user of the computer system (when the computer system is not worn) and / or to other people near the computer system, the status information being optionally generated based on detected events and / or user input detected by the computer system. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more audio output components (e.g., electronic components 1-112) for generating audio feedback, which is optionally generated based on detected events and / or user input detected by the computer system. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more input devices for detecting input, such as one or more sensors for detecting information about the physical environment of the device (e.g., one or more sensors in sensor components 1-356, and / or Fig. 1I ), which information can be used (optionally in conjunction with one or more luminaires, such as Fig. 1IThe computer system may generate a digital pass-through image using a lighting device as described in the above, capture visual media (e.g., photos and / or videos) corresponding to the physical environment, or determine the pose (e.g., position and / or orientation) of physical objects and / or surfaces in the physical environment, so that virtual objects can be placed based on the detected pose of the physical objects and / or surfaces. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more input devices for detecting input, such as one or more sensors for detecting hand position and / or movement (e.g., sensor assembly 1-356 and / or Fig. 1I One or more sensors in the apparatus) which may be used (optionally in combination with one or more illuminators, such as Fig. 1I In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more input devices for detecting input, such as one or more sensors for detecting eye movement (e.g., Fig. 1I eye tracking and gaze tracking sensors in the Fig.1OLights 11.3.2-110 in the device) determine attention or gaze location and / or gaze movement, which can be optionally used to detect gaze-only input based on gaze movement and / or dwell. Combinations of the various sensors described above can be used to determine user facial expressions and / or hand movements for generating an avatar or representation of the user, such as an anthropomorphic avatar or representation for a real-time communication session, where the avatar has facial expressions, hand movements, and / or body movements based on or similar to the detected facial expressions, hand movements, and / or body movements of the user of the device. Gaze and / or attention information is optionally combined with hand tracking information to determine interaction between a user and one or more user interfaces based on direct and / or indirect input, such as air gestures or input using one or more hardware input devices, such as one or more buttons (e.g., first button 1-128, button 11.1.1-114, second button 1-132, and / or dial or button 1-328), knobs (e.g., first button 1-128, button 11.1.1-114, and / or dial or button 1-328), digital crown (e.g., pressable and twistable or rotatable first button 1-128, button 11.1.1-114, and / or dial or button 1-328), touchpad, touch screen, keyboard, mouse, and / or other input devices. One or more buttons (e.g., first button 1-128, button 11.1.1-114, second button 1-132, and / or dial or button 1-328) are optionally used to perform system operations, such as re-centering content in a three-dimensional environment visible to a user of the device, displaying a primary user interface for launching an application, starting a real-time communication session, or initiating display of a virtual three-dimensional background. A knob or digital crown (e.g., a pressable and twistable or rotatable first button 1-128, button 11.1.1-114, and / or dial or button 1-328) is optionally rotatable to adjust parameters of visual content, such as an immersion level of a virtual three-dimensional environment (e.g., the extent to which virtual content occupies a user's viewport in the three-dimensional environment) or other parameters associated with the three-dimensional environment and virtual content displayed via optical modules (e.g., first display component 1-120a and second display component 1-120b and / or first optical module 11.1.1-104a and second optical module 11.1.1-104b).

[0052] Figure 1BFront, top, and perspective views of an example of a head mounted display (HMD) device 1-100 configured to be worn by a user and to provide a virtual and altered / mixed reality (VR / AR) experience are illustrated. The HMD 1-100 may include a display unit 1-102 or assembly, an electronic strap assembly 1-104 connected to and extending from the display unit 1-102, and a strap assembly 1-106 secured to the electronic strap assembly 1-104 at either end. The electronic strap assembly 1-104 and the strap 1-106 may be part of a retaining assembly configured to wrap around a user's head to hold the display unit 1-102 against the user's face.

[0053] In at least one example, the strap assembly 1-106 may include a first strap 1-116 configured to wrap around the back of a user's head and a second strap 1-117 configured to extend over the top of the user's head. As shown, the second strap may extend between the first electronic strip 1-105a and the second electronic strip 1-105b of the electronic strip assembly 1-104. The strap assembly 1-104 and the strap assembly 1-106 may be part of a securing mechanism that extends rearward from the display unit 1-102 and is configured to hold the display unit 1-102 against the user's face.

[0054] In at least one example, the securing mechanism includes a first electronic strip 1-105a including a first proximal end 1-134 coupled to the display unit 1-102 (e.g., a housing 1-150 of the display unit 1-102) and a first distal end 1-136 opposite the first proximal end 1-134. The securing mechanism may also include a second electronic strip 1-105b including a second proximal end 1-138 coupled to the housing 1-150 of the display unit 1-102 and a second distal end 1-140 opposite the second proximal end 1-138. The securing mechanism may also include a first band 1-116 and a second band 1-117, the first band including a first end 1-142 coupled to the first distal end 1-136 and a second end 1-144 coupled to the second distal end 1-140, and the second band extending between the first electronic strip 1-105a and the second electronic strip 1-105b. The strips 1-105a-b and the strip 1-116 may be coupled via a connection mechanism or assembly 1-114. In at least one example, the second strip 1-117 includes a first end 1-146 coupled to the first electronic strip 1-105a between the first proximal end 1-134 and the first distal end 1-136 and a second end 1-148 coupled to the second electronic strip 1-105b between the second proximal end 1-138 and the second distal end 1-140.

[0055] In at least one example, the first and second electronic strips 1-105a-b include plastic, metal, or other structural materials formed into substantially rigid strip 1-105a-b shapes. In at least one example, the first band 1-116 and the second band 1-117 are formed of a resilient flexible material including a woven textile, rubber, etc. The first band 1-116 and the second band 1-117 can be flexible to conform to the shape of the user's head when the HMD 1-100 is worn.

[0056] In at least one example, one or more of the first and second electronic strips 1-105a-b can define an inner strip volume and include one or more electronic components disposed in the inner strip volume. Figure 1B As shown, the first electronic strip 1-105a may include an electronic component 1-112. In one example, the electronic component 1-112 may include a speaker. In one example, the electronic component 1-112 may include a computing component, such as a processor.

[0057] In at least one example, the housing 1-150 defines a first front opening 1-152. Figure 1B 1-152 in dashed lines because the display assembly 1-108 is configured to block the first opening 1-152 from the field of view when the HMD 1-100 is assembled. The housing 1-150 may also define a rear-mounted second opening 1-154. The housing 1-150 also defines an internal volume between the first opening 1-152 and the second opening 1-154. In at least one example, the HMD 1-100 includes a display assembly 1-108, which may include a front cover and a display screen (shown in other figures) disposed in or across the front opening to block the front opening 1-152. In at least one example, the display screen of the display assembly 1-108, and the display assembly 1-108 in general, has a curvature configured to follow the curvature of the user's face. The display screen of the display assembly 1-108 may be curved as shown to complement the user's facial features and the overall curvature from one side of the face to the other, such as from left to right and / or from top to bottom, where the display unit 1-102 is pressed.

[0058] In at least one example, the housing 1-150 may define a first hole 1-126 between the first opening 1-152 and the second opening 1-154 and a second hole 1-130 between the first opening 1-152 and the second opening 1-154. The HMD 1-100 may also include a first button 1-126 disposed in the first hole 1-128, and a second button 1-132 disposed in the second hole 1-130. The first button 1-128 and the second button 1-132 can be pressed through the corresponding holes 1-126, 1-130. In at least one example, the first button 1-126 and / or the second button 1-132 can be a twistable dial and a pressable button. In at least one example, the first button 1-128 is a pressable and twistable dial button, and the second button 1-132 is a pressable button.

[0059] Figure 1C A rear perspective view of an HMD 1-100 is illustrated. The HMD 1-100 may include a light seal 1-110 extending rearwardly from a housing 1-150 of a display assembly 1-108 around the periphery of the housing 1-150, as shown. The light seal 1-110 may be configured to extend from the housing 1-150 to the face of the user, around the eyes of the user, to block external light from being visible. In one example, the HMD 1-100 may include a first display assembly 1-120a and a second display assembly 1-120b, which are disposed at or in a rearward-facing second opening 1-154 defined by the housing 1-150 and / or disposed in an internal volume of the housing 1-150 and are configured to project light through the second opening 1-154. In at least one example, each display assembly 1-120a-b may include a corresponding display screen 1-122a, 1-122b, which is configured to project light toward the user's eyes through the second opening 1-154 in a rearward direction.

[0060] In at least one example, reference Figure 1B and Figure 1C In both cases, the display assembly 1-108 may be a front-facing forward display assembly including a display screen configured to project light in a first forward direction, and the rear display screens 1-122a-b may be configured to project light in a second rearward direction opposite the first direction. As described above, the light seal 1-110 may be configured to block light external to the HMD 1-100 from reaching the user's eyes, including by Figure 1B 1-108 is shown in the front perspective view of the HMD 1-100. In at least one example, the HMD 1-100 may also include a curtain 1-124 that blocks the second opening 1-154 between the housing 1-150 and the rear display assembly 1-120a-b. In at least one example, the curtain 1-124 may be elastic or at least partially elastic.

[0061] Figure 1B and Figure 1C Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figures 1D to 1F Any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Figures 1D to 1F Any of the features, components and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included in the Figure 1B and Figure 1C Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0062] Figure 1D An exploded view of an example of an HMD 1-200 is illustrated that includes various portions or parts that are separated according to modularization and selective coupling of these parts. For example, the HMD 1-200 may include a band 1-216 that is selectively coupleable to a first electronic strip 1-205a and a second electronic strip 1-205b. The first fixed strip 1-205a may include a first electronic component 1-212a, and the second fixed strip 1-205b may include a second electronic component 1-212b. In at least one example, the first and second strips 1-205a-b can be removably coupled to the display unit 1-202.

[0063] Additionally, the HMD 1-200 may include an optical seal 1-210 configured to be removably coupled to the display unit 1-202. The HMD 1-200 may also include a lens 1-218 that may be removably coupled to the display unit 1-202, for example, over a first component including a display screen and a second display component. The lens 1-218 may include a custom prescription lens configured to correct vision. As noted, in Figure 1D Each of the parts shown in the exploded view of and described above can be removably coupled, attached, reattached, and replaced to update parts or swap out parts for different users. For example, bands such as band 1-216, optical seals such as optical seal 1-210, lenses such as lens 1-218, and electronic strips such as electronic strips 1-205a-b can be swapped out depending on the user so that these parts are customized to fit and correspond to a single user of the HMD 1-200.

[0064] Figure 1D Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figure 1B , Figure 1C and Figure 1E to Figure 1FAny other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Figure 1B , Figure 1C and Figure 1E to Figure 1F Any of the features, components and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination in the Figure 1D Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0065] Figure 1E An exploded view of an example of a display unit 1-306 of an HMD is illustrated. The display unit 1-306 may include a front display assembly 1-308, a frame / housing assembly 1-350, and a curtain assembly 1-324. The display unit 1-306 may also include a sensor assembly 1-356, a logic board assembly 1-358, and a cooling assembly 1-360 disposed between the frame assembly 1-350 and the front display assembly 1-308. In at least one example, the display unit 1-306 may also include a rear display assembly 1-320, which includes a first rear display screen 1-322a and a second rear display screen 1-322b disposed between the frame 1-350 and the curtain assembly 1-324.

[0066] In at least one example, the display unit 1-306 may also include a motor assembly 1-362 configured as an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the position of the display screens 1-322a-b of the display assembly 1-320 relative to the frame 1-350. In at least one example, the display assembly 1-320 is mechanically coupled to the motor assembly 1-362, with each display screen 1-322a-b having at least one motor such that the motor can translate the display screens 1-322a-b to match the interpupillary distance of the user's eyes.

[0067] In at least one example, the display unit 1-306 may include a dial or button 1-328 that is depressible relative to the frame 1-350 and accessible by a user external to the frame 1-350. The button 1-328 may be electrically connected to the motor assembly 1-362 via a controller such that the button 1-328 may be manipulated by a user to cause a motor of the motor assembly 1-362 to adjust the position of the display screens 1-322a-b.

[0068] Figure 1E Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figures 1B to 1D and Figure 1F Any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Figures 1B to 1D and Figure 1FAny of the features, components and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination in the Figure 1E Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0069] Figure 1F An exploded view of another example of a display unit 1-406 of an HMD device similar to other HMD devices described herein is illustrated. The display unit 1-406 may include a front display assembly 1-402, a sensor assembly 1-456, a logic board assembly 1-458, a cooling assembly 1-460, a frame assembly 1-450, a rear display assembly 1-421, and a curtain assembly 1-424. The display unit 1-406 may also include a motor assembly 1-462 for adjusting the position of the first display subassembly 1-420a and the second display subassembly 1-420b of the rear display assembly 1-421, including the first corresponding display screen and the second corresponding display screen for interpupillary adjustment, as described above.

[0070] Figure 1F The various parts, systems and assemblies shown in exploded views herein are referenced Figures 1B to 1E and subsequent figures referenced in this disclosure are described in more detail. Figure 1F The display unit 1-406 shown can be used with Figures 1B to 1E The fixing mechanism shown is assembled and integrated, and the fixing mechanism includes electronic strips, belts and other components including optical seals, connecting components, etc.

[0071] Figure 1F Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figures 1B to 1E Any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Figures 1B to 1E Any of the features, components and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination in the Figure 1F Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0072] Figure 1G A perspective exploded view of a front cover assembly 3-100 of an HMD device described herein is illustrated, for example Figure 1G The front cover assembly 3-1 of the HMD 3-100 shown, or any other HMD device shown and described herein. Figure 1GThe front cover assembly 3-100 shown may include a transparent or translucent cover 3-102, a shield 3-104 (or "canopy"), an adhesive layer 3-106, a display assembly 3-108 including a lenticular lens panel or array 3-110, and a structural trim 3-112. The adhesive layer 3-106 may secure the shield 3-104 and / or the transparent cover 3-102 to the display assembly 3-108 and / or the trim 3-112. The trim 3-112 may secure the various components of the front cover assembly 3-100 to a frame or base of the HMD device.

[0073] In at least one example, Figure 1G As shown, the transparent cover 3-102, the shield 3-104 and the display assembly 3-108 including the lenticular lens array 3-110 can be bent to adapt to the curvature of the user's face. The transparent cover 3-102 and the shield 3-104 can be bent in two or three dimensions, for example, vertically bent in the Z direction inside and outside the ZX plane, and horizontally bent in the X direction inside and outside the ZX plane. In at least one example, the display assembly 3-108 may include a lenticular lens array 3-110 and a display panel having pixels that are configured to project light through the shield 3-104 and the transparent cover 3-102. The display assembly 3-108 can be bent in at least one direction (e.g., horizontally) to adapt to the curvature of the user's face from one side of the face (e.g., the left side) to the other side (e.g., the right side). In at least one example, each layer or component of the display assembly 3-108 (which will be shown in subsequent figures and described in more detail, but which may include the lenticular lens array 3-110 and the display layer) may be curved similarly or concentrically in the horizontal direction to accommodate the curvature of the user's face.

[0074] In at least one example, the shield 3-104 may include a transparent or translucent material through which the display assembly 3-108 projects light. In one example, the shield 3-104 may include one or more opaque portions, such as an opaque ink printed portion or other opaque film portion on the back of the shield 3-104. When the HMD device is worn, the rear surface may be the surface of the shield 3-104 facing the user's eyes. In at least one example, the opaque portion may be on the front surface of the shield 3-104 opposite to the rear surface. In at least one example, one or more opaque portions of the shield 3-104 may include a peripheral portion that visually hides any components surrounding the outer periphery of the display screen of the display assembly 3-108. In this way, the opaque portion of the shield hides any other components of the HMD device that would otherwise be visible through the transparent or translucent cover 3-102 and / or the shield 3-104, including electronic components, structural components, etc.

[0075] In at least one example, the shield 3-104 may define one or more aperture transparent portions 3-120 through which the sensor may send and receive signals. In one example, the portion 3-120 is a hole through which the sensor may extend or send and receive signals. In one example, the portion 3-120 is a transparent portion, or a portion that is more transparent than the surrounding translucent or opaque portion of the shield through which the sensor may send and receive signals through the shield and through the transparent cover 3-102. In one example, the sensor may include a camera, an IR sensor, a LUX sensor, or any other visual or non-visual environmental sensor of the HMD device.

[0076] Figure 1G Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included alone or in any combination in any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts described herein. Likewise, any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described herein (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included alone or in any combination in any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts described herein. Figure 1G Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0077] Figure 1H An exploded view of an example of an HMD device 6-100 is illustrated. The HMD device 6-100 may include a sensor array or system 6-102 including one or more sensors, cameras, projectors, etc. mounted to one or more components of the HMD 6-100. In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a bracket 1-338 to which one or more sensors of the sensor system 6-102 may be fixed / secured.

[0078] Fig. 1I A portion of an HMD device 6-100 is illustrated that includes a front transparent cover 6-104 and a sensor system 6-102. The sensor system 6-102 may include a plurality of different sensors, emitters, receivers, including cameras, IR sensors, projectors, etc. The transparent cover 6-104 is illustrated in front of the sensor system 6-102 to illustrate the relative positions of the various sensors and emitters and the orientation of each sensor / emitter of the system 6-102. As referred to herein, "lateral," "sideways," "lateral," "horizontal," and other similar terms refer to the orientation of the sensor system 6-102. Figure 1J The x-axis is used to indicate the orientation or direction. Terms such as "vertical", "upward", "downward" and the like refer to the orientation or direction of the Figure 1J The orientation or direction is indicated by the Z-axis shown. Terms such as "forward," "rearward," "forward," "rearward" and the like refer to Figure 1J The Y-axis shown indicates the orientation or direction.

[0079] In at least one example, a transparent cover 6-104 may define a front exterior surface of the HMD device 6-100, and a sensor system 6-102 including various sensors and components thereof may be disposed in the Y axis / direction behind the cover 6-104. The cover 6-104 may be transparent or translucent to allow light to pass through the cover 6-104, including both light detected by the sensor system 6-102 and light emitted thereby.

[0080] As described elsewhere herein, the HMD device 6-100 may include one or more controllers including processors for electrically coupling the various sensors and transmitters of the sensor system 6-102 to one or more motherboards, processing units, and other electronic devices such as display screens. In addition, as will be shown in more detail below with reference to other figures, the various sensors, transmitters, and other components of the sensor system 6-102 may be coupled to Fig. 1I Various structural frame members, brackets, etc. of the HMD device 6-100 are not shown. For clarity, Fig. 1I Components of the sensor system 6-102 are illustrated as being unattached and unelectrically coupled to other components.

[0081] In at least one example, the device may include one or more controllers having a processor configured to execute instructions stored on a memory component electrically coupled to the processor. The instructions may include or cause the processor to execute one or more algorithms for self-correcting the angles and positions of the various cameras described herein over time as the initial position, angle, or orientation of the camera is bumped or deformed due to an accidental drop event or other event.

[0082] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include one or more scene cameras 6-106. The system 6-102 may include two scene cameras 6-102, respectively disposed on either side of the nose bridge or arch structure of the HMD device 6-100, such that each of the two cameras 6-106 roughly corresponds to the position of the left eye and the right eye of the user behind the cover 6-103. In at least one example, the scene camera 6-106 is generally oriented forward in the Y direction to capture images in front of the user during use of the HMD 6-100. In at least one example, the scene camera is a color camera and provides images and content for MR video pass-through to a display screen facing the user's eyes when the HMD device 6-100 is used. The scene camera 6-106 can also be used for environment and object reconstruction.

[0083] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a first depth sensor 6-108 pointing generally forward in the Y direction. In at least one example, the first depth sensor 6-108 may be used for environment and object reconstruction and hand and body tracking of a user. In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a second depth sensor 6-110 centrally disposed along the width of the HMD device 6-100 (e.g., along the X-axis). For example, the second depth sensor 6-110 may be disposed on an adapting structure above a central nose bridge or above a nose when the user wears the HMD 6-100. In at least one example, the second depth sensor 6-110 may be used for environment and object reconstruction and hand and body tracking. In at least one example, the second depth sensor may include a LIDAR sensor.

[0084] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a depth projector 6-112 that is generally forward facing to project electromagnetic waves (e.g., in a predetermined pattern of light dots) into or within the field of view of a user and / or scene camera 6-106, or into or within a field of view that includes and exceeds the field of view of the user and / or scene camera 6-106. In at least one example, the depth projector is capable of projecting electromagnetic waves of light in the form of a pattern of light dots that are reflected from an object and returned to the depth sensors described above, including the depth sensors 6-108, 6-110. In at least one example, the depth projector 6-112 can be used for environment and object reconstruction and hand and body tracking.

[0085] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include downward facing cameras 6-114 whose fields of view are generally pointed downward on the Z axis relative to the HMD device 6-100. In at least one example, the downward cameras 6-114 may be disposed on the left and right sides of the HMD device 6-100 as shown and used for hand and body tracking, headset tracking, and facial avatar detection and creation for displaying a user avatar on a forward facing display screen of the HMD device 6-100 as described elsewhere herein. For example, the downward cameras 6-114 may be used to capture facial expressions and movements of a user's face below the HMD device 6-100, including cheeks, mouth, and chin.

[0086] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a jaw camera 6-116. In at least one example, the jaw camera 6-116 may be disposed on the left and right sides of the HMD device 6-100 as shown and used for hand and body tracking, headset tracking, and facial avatar detection and creation for displaying a user avatar on a forward-facing display screen of the HMD device 6-100 as described elsewhere herein. For example, the jaw camera 6-116 may be used to capture facial expressions and movements of a user's face beneath the HMD device 6-100, including the user's jaw, cheeks, mouth, and chin. Used for hand and body tracking, headset tracking, and facial avatars

[0087] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a side camera 6-118. The side camera 6-118 may be oriented to capture left and right side views in an X-axis or direction relative to the HMD device 6-100. In at least one example, the side camera 6-118 may be used for hand and body tracking, headset tracking, and facial avatar detection and re-creation.

[0088] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a plurality of eye tracking and gaze tracking sensors for determining the identity, status, and gaze direction of the user's eyes during and / or prior to use. In at least one example, the eye / gaze tracking sensors may include a nose-eye camera 6-120 that is disposed on either side of the user's nose and adjacent to the user's nose when the HMD device 6-100 is worn. The eye / gaze sensors may also include a bottom eye camera 6-122 disposed below the respective user's eyes for capturing images of the eyes for facial avatar detection and creation, gaze tracking, and iris identification functions.

[0089] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include an infrared illuminator 6-124 that points outward from the HMD device 6-100 to illuminate the external environment and any objects therein with IR light for IR detection using one or more IR sensors of the sensor system 6-102. In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a flicker sensor 6-126 and an ambient light sensor 6-128. In at least one example, the flicker sensor 6-126 may detect the overhead light refresh rate to avoid display flicker. In one example, the infrared illuminator 6-124 may include a light emitting diode and may be particularly useful in low light environments for illuminating the user's hands and other objects in low light for detection by the infrared sensors of the sensor system 6-102.

[0090] In at least one example, multiple sensors (including the scene camera 6-106, the downward camera 6-114, the jaw camera 6-116, the side camera 6-118, the depth projector 6-112, and the depth sensors 6-108, 6-110) can be used in combination with an electrically coupled controller to combine depth data with camera data for hand tracking and for size determination to better perform hand tracking and object recognition and tracking functions of the HMD device 6-100. In at least one example, the above-described and Fig. 1I The downward camera 6-114, the jaw camera 6-116, and the side camera 6-118 shown in the figure can be wide-angle cameras capable of operating in the visible and infrared spectrum. In at least one example, these cameras 6-114, 6-116, 6-118 can operate only in black and white light detection to simplify image processing and gain sensitivity.

[0091] Fig. 1I Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figure 1J to Figure 1L Any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Figure 1J to Figure 1L Any of the features, components and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination in the Fig. 1I Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0092] Figure 1J A lower perspective view of an example of an HMD 6-200 including a cover or shroud 6-204 secured to a frame 6-230 is illustrated. In at least one example, sensors 6-203 of a sensor system 6-202 may be disposed around the perimeter of the HMD 6-200 such that the sensors 6-203 are disposed outwardly around the perimeter of a display area or region 6-232 so as to not obstruct viewing of displayed light. In at least one example, the sensors may be disposed behind the shroud 6-204 and aligned with a transparent portion of the shroud, thereby allowing the sensor and projector to allow light to pass back and forth through the shroud 6-204. In at least one example, opaque ink or other opaque material or film / layer may be disposed on the shroud 6-204 around the display area 6-232 to hide components of the HMD 6-200 outside of the display area 6-232 rather than the transparent portion defined by the opaque portion through which the sensor and projector send and receive light and electromagnetic signals during operation. In at least one example, the shield 6-204 allows light to pass from the display (eg, within the display area 6-232), but does not allow light to pass radially outward from the display area around the display and the perimeter of the shield 6-204.

[0093] In some examples, the shield 6-204 includes a transparent portion 6-205 and an opaque portion 6-207, as described above and elsewhere herein. In at least one example, the opaque portion 6-207 of the shield 6-204 may define one or more transparent areas 6-209 through which the sensor 6-203 of the sensor system 6-202 may send and receive signals. In the example shown, the sensor 6-203 of the sensor system 6-202 sends and receives signals through the shield 6-204, or more specifically, sends and receives signals through (or defined by) the transparent area 6-209 of the opaque portion 6-207 of the shield 6-204, which sensor may include Fig. 1I The same or similar sensors as those shown in the example of FIG. 6-108, such as depth sensors 6-108 and 6-110, depth projector 6-112, first and second scene cameras 6-106, first and second downward cameras 6-114, first and second side cameras 6-118, and first and second infrared illuminators 6-124. These sensors are also Figure 1K and Figure 1L Other sensors, sensor types, number of sensors, and their relative positions may be included in one or more other examples of the HMD.

[0094] Figure 1J Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Fig. 1I and Figure 1K to Figure 1L Any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Fig. 1I and Figure 1K to Figure 1L Any of the features, components and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination in the Figure 1J Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0095] Figure 1K A front view of a portion of an example of an HMD device 6-300 is illustrated, including a display 6-334, brackets 6-336, 6-338, and a frame or housing 6-330. Figure 1K The example shown does not include a front cover or shield in order to illustrate the brackets 6-336, 6-338. For example, Figure 1J The illustrated shield 6-204 includes an opaque portion 6-207 that would visually cover / block viewing of anything outside (e.g., radially / peripherally outside) the display / display area 6-334, including the sensor 6-303 and the bracket 6-338.

[0096] In at least one example, the various sensors of the sensor system 6-302 are coupled to brackets 6-336, 6-338. In at least one example, the scene cameras 6-306 include tight tolerances on angles relative to each other. For example, the tolerance on the mounting angles between two scene cameras 6-306 may be 0.5 degrees or less, such as 0.3 degrees or less. In order to achieve and maintain such tight tolerances, in one example, the scene camera 6-306 may be mounted to the bracket 6-338 instead of the shield. The bracket may include a cantilever on which the scene camera 6-306 and other sensors of the sensor system 6-302 may be mounted to maintain position and orientation in the event of a drop by a user causing any deformation of the other brackets 6-226, the housing 6-330, and / or the shield.

[0097] Figure 1K Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figures 1I to 1J and Figure 1L Any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Figures 1I to 1J and Figure 1L Any of the features, components and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination in the Figure 1K Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0098] Figure 1L A bottom view of an example of an HMD 6-400 including a front display / cover assembly 6-404 and a sensor system 6-402 is illustrated. The sensor system 6-402 may be similar to other sensor systems described above and elsewhere herein, including reference Figures 1I to 1K As described. In at least one example, the jaw camera 6-416 may face downward to capture images of the user's lower facial features. In one example, the jaw camera 6-416 may be directly coupled to the frame or housing 6-430 or one or more internal brackets that are directly coupled to the frame or housing 6-430 as shown. The frame or housing 6-430 may include one or more holes / openings 6-415 through which the jaw camera 6-416 can send and receive signals.

[0099] Figure 1L Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figures 1I to 1K Any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown and described herein. Figures 1I to 1KAny of the features, components and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination in the Figure 1L Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0100] Figure 1M Illustrated is a rear perspective view of an interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment system 11.1.1-102 comprising first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b slidably engaged / coupled to respective guide rods 11.1.1-108a-b and motors 11.1.1-110a-b of left and right adjustment subsystems 11.1.1-106a-b. The IPD adjustment system 11.1.1-102 may be coupled to a bracket 11.1.1-112 and include a button 11.1.1-114 in electrical communication with the motors 11.1.1-110a-b. In at least one example, the button 11.1.1-114 may be in electrical communication with the first and second motors 11.1.1-110a-b via a processor or other circuit components to cause the first and second motors 11.1.1-110a-b to activate and respectively cause the first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b to change position relative to each other.

[0101] In at least one example, the first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b may include respective display screens configured to project light toward the user's eyes when the HMD 11.1.1-100 is worn. In at least one example, the user may manipulate (e.g., press and / or rotate) the button 11.1.1-114 to activate position adjustment of the optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b to match the interpupillary distance of the user's eyes. The optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b may also include one or more cameras or other sensors / sensor systems for imaging and measuring the user's IPD so that the optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b may be adjusted to match the IPD.

[0102] In one example, a user may manipulate the button 11.1.1-114 to cause automatic position adjustment of the first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b. In one example, a user may manipulate the button 11.1.1-114 to cause manual adjustment such that the optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b move farther or closer (e.g., as the user rotates the button 11.1.1-114 one way or another) until the user visually matches her / his own IPD. In one example, the manual adjustment is communicated electronically via one or more circuits, and power for moving the optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b via the motors 11.1.1-110a-b is provided by a power source. In one example, adjustment and movement of the optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b via the manipulation button 11.1.1-114 is mechanically actuated via the movement button 11.1.1-114.

[0103] Figure 1M Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included, alone or in any combination, in any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown in any other figures and described herein. Similarly, any of the features, components and / or parts shown or described with reference to any other figures (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included, alone or in any combination, in any other examples of devices, features, components and parts shown or described herein. Figure 1M Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0104] Figure 1N A front perspective view of a portion of an HMD 11.1.2-100 is illustrated, including an outer structural frame 11.1.2-102 and an inner or intermediate structural frame 11.1.2-104 defining a first aperture 11.1.2-106a and a second aperture 11.1.2-106b. The apertures 11.1.2-106a-b are located in Figure 1N 106a-b may be blocked by one or more other components of the HMD 11.1.2-100 coupled to the internal frame 11.1.2-104 and / or the external frame 11.1.2-102, as shown. In at least one example, the HMD 11.1.2-100 may include a first mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 coupled to the internal frame 11.1.2-104. In at least one example, the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 is coupled to the internal frame 11.1.2-104 between the first and second apertures 11.1.2-106a-b.

[0105] The mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 may include a middle or center portion 11.1.2-109 coupled to the internal frame 11.1.2-104. In some examples, the middle or center portion 11.1.2-109 may not be the geometric middle or center of the bracket 11.1.2-108. Instead, the middle / center portion 11.1.2-109 may be disposed between a first cantilevered extension arm and a second cantilevered extension arm extending away from the middle portion 11.1.2-109. In at least one example, the mounting bracket 108 includes a first cantilever 11.1.2-112 and a second cantilever 11.1.2-114 extending away from the middle portion 11.1.2-109 of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 coupled to the internal frame 11.1.2-104.

[0106] like Figure 1N As shown, the external frame 11.1.2-102 may define a curved geometry on its underside to accommodate the user's nose when the user wears the HMD 11.1.2-100. The curved geometry may be referred to as a nose bridge 11.1.2-111 and is centrally located on the underside of the HMD 11.1.2-100 as shown. In at least one example, the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 may be connected to the internal frame 11.1.2-104 between the holes 11.1.2-106a-b so that the cantilevers 11.1.2-112, 11.1.2-114 extend downwardly and laterally outward away from the middle portion 11.1.2-109 to complement the nose bridge 11.1.2-111 geometry of the external frame 11.1.2-102. In this way, the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 is configured to accommodate the user's nose, as described above. The geometry of the nose bridge 11.1.2-111 adapts to the nose as the nose bridge 11.1.2-111 provides a curvature that conforms to the shape of the user's nose, providing a comfortable fit from above, over, and around.

[0107] The first cantilever arm 11.1.2-112 may extend away from the middle portion 11.1.2-109 of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 in a first direction, and the second cantilever arm 11.1.2-114 may extend away from the middle portion 11.1.2-109 of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The first cantilever arm 11.1.2-112 and the second cantilever arm 11.1.2-114 are referred to as "cantilever" or "cantilever" arms because each arm 11.1.2-112, 11.1.2-114 includes a free distal end 11.1.2-116, 11.1.2-118, respectively, which are not attached to the inner frame 11.1.2-102 and the outer frame 11.1.2-104. In this way, the arms 11.1.2-112, 11.1.2-114 depend from the middle portion 11.1.2-109, which may be connected to the inner frame 11.1.2-104, while the distal ends 11.1.2-102, 11.1.2-104 are unattached.

[0108] In at least one example, the HMD 11.1.2-100 may include one or more components coupled to a mounting bracket 11.1.2-108. In one example, the components include a plurality of sensors 11.1.2-110a-f. Each of the plurality of sensors 11.1.2-110a-f may include various types of sensors, including cameras, IR sensors, and the like. In some examples, one or more of the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f may be used for object recognition in three-dimensional space, such that maintaining accurate relative positions of two or more of the plurality of sensors 11.1.2-110a-f is important. The cantilever nature of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 may protect the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f from damage and change of position in the event of an accidental drop by a user. Because the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f are cantilevered on the arms 11.1.2-112, 11.1.2-114 of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108, stresses and deformations of the inner frame and / or outer frame 11.1.2-104, 11.1.2-102 are not transmitted to the cantilevered arms 11.1.2-112, 11.1.2-114 and therefore do not affect the relative positions of the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f coupled / mounted to the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108.

[0109] Figure 1NAny of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included alone or in any combination in any other example of a device, feature, component described herein. Likewise, any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described herein (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included alone or in any combination in any other example of a device, feature, component described herein. Figure 1N Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0110] Fig.1O An example of an optical module 11.3.2-100 for use in an electronic device (such as an HMD, including the HDM devices described herein) is illustrated. As shown in one or more other examples described herein, the optical module 11.3.2-100 can be one of two optical modules within the HMD, where each optical module is aligned to project light toward an eye of a user. In this way, a first optical module can project light to a first eye of a user via a display screen, and a second optical module of the same device can project light to a second eye of the user via another display screen.

[0111] In at least one example, the optical module 11.3.2-100 may include an optical frame or housing 11.3.2-102, which may also be referred to as a barrel or optical module barrel. The optical module 11.3.2-100 may also include a display 11.3.2-104 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-102, the display including one or more display screens. The display 11.3.2-104 may be coupled to the housing 11.3.2-102 such that the display 11.3.2-104 is configured to project light toward the eyes of a user when the HMD to which the display module 11.3.2-100 belongs is worn during use. In at least one example, the housing 11.3.2-102 may surround the display 11.3.2-104 and provide connection features for coupling other components of the optical module described herein.

[0112] In one example, the optical module 11.3.2-100 may include one or more cameras 11.3.2-106 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-102. The camera 11.3.2-106 may be positioned relative to the display 11.3.2-104 and the housing 11.3.2-102 such that the camera 11.3.2-106 is configured to capture one or more images of a user's eye during use. In at least one example, the optical module 11.3.2-100 may also include a light strip 11.3.2-108 surrounding the display 11.3.2-104. In one example, the light strip 11.3.2-108 is disposed between the display 11.3.2-104 and the camera 11.3.2-106. The light strip 11.3.2-108 may include a plurality of lights 11.3.2-110. The plurality of lights may include one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) or other lights configured to project light toward the eyes of the user when the HMD is worn. The individual lights 11.3.2-110 in the light strip 11.3.2-108 may be spaced around the light strip 11.3.2-108 and thus evenly or unevenly spaced around the display 11.3.2-104 at various locations on the light strip 11.3.2-108 and around the display 11.3.2-104.

[0113] In at least one example, the housing 11.3.2-102 defines a viewing opening 11.3.2-101 through which a user can view the display 11.3.2-104 when wearing the HMD device. In at least one example, the LEDs are configured and arranged to emit light through the viewing opening 11.3.2-101 onto the user's eyes. In one example, the camera 11.3.2-106 is configured to capture one or more images of the user's eyes through the viewing opening 11.3.2-101.

[0114] As mentioned above, Fig.1O Each of the components and features of the illustrated optical module 11.3.2-100 may be replicated in another (eg, second) optical module provided with the HMD to interact with (eg, project light and capture images) the user's other eye.

[0115] Fig.1O Any of the features, components and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included alone or in any combination. Figure 1P Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown or otherwise described herein. Figure 1P Any of the features, components and / or parts shown or described herein (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included alone or in any combination. Fig.1OExamples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0116] Figure 1P A cross-sectional view of an example of an optical module 11.3.2-200 is illustrated, including a housing 11.3.2-202, a display assembly 11.3.2-204 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-202, and a lens 11.3.2-216 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-202. In at least one example, the housing 11.3.2-202 defines a first hole or channel 11.3.2-212 and a second hole or channel 11.3.2-214. The channels 11.3.2-212, 11.3.2-214 can be configured to slidably engage corresponding tracks or guides of the HMD device to allow the optical module 11.3.2-200 to adjust its position relative to the user's eyes to match the user's interpupillary distance (IPD). The housing 11.3.2-202 can slidably engage the guides to secure the optical module 11.3.2-200 in place within the HMD.

[0117] In at least one example, the optical module 11.3.2-200 may also include a lens 11.3.2-216 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-202 and disposed between the display assembly 11.3.2-204 and the user's eyes when the HMD is worn. The lens 11.3.2-216 may be configured to direct light from the display assembly 11.3.2-204 to the user's eyes. In at least one example, the lens 11.3.2-216 may be part of a lens assembly including a corrective lens that is removably attached to the optical module 11.3.2-200. In at least one example, the lens 11.3.2-216 is disposed above the light strip 11.3.2-208 and the one or more eye tracking cameras 11.3.2-206 such that the camera 11.3.2-206 is configured to capture images of the user's eyes through the lens 11.3.2-216, and the light strip 11.3.2-208 includes lights configured to project light into the user's eyes through the lens 11.3.2-216 during use.

[0118] Figure 1P Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included alone or in any combination in any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts described herein. Likewise, any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described herein (including arrangements and configurations thereof) may be included alone or in any combination in any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts described herein. Figure 1P Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0119] Figure 2is a block diagram of an example of a controller 110 according to some embodiments. While some specific features are shown, those skilled in the art will recognize from this disclosure that various other features are not shown for the sake of brevity and so as not to obscure more relevant aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein. To this end, as a non-limiting example, in some embodiments, the controller 110 includes one or more processing units 202 (e.g., a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a central processing unit (CPU), a processing core, etc.), one or more input / output (I / O) devices 206, one or more communication interfaces 208 (e.g., a universal serial bus (USB), FIREWIRE, THUNDERBOLT, IEEE 802.3x, IEEE 802.11x, IEEE 802.16x, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global Positioning System (GPS), infrared (IR), Bluetooth, ZIGBEE, and / or similar types of interfaces), one or more programming (e.g., I / O) interfaces 210, a memory 220, and one or more communication buses 204 for interconnecting these components and various other components.

[0120] In some embodiments, the one or more communication buses 204 include circuits that interconnect and control communications between system components. In some embodiments, the one or more I / O devices 206 include at least one of a keyboard, a mouse, a touch pad, a joystick, one or more microphones, one or more speakers, one or more image sensors, one or more displays, and the like.

[0121] The memory 220 includes a high-speed random access memory, such as a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a double data rate random access memory (DDR RAM), or other random access solid-state memory devices. In some embodiments, the memory 220 includes a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. The memory 220 optionally includes one or more storage devices located away from the one or more processing units 202. The memory 220 includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, the memory 220 or the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of the memory 220 stores the following programs, modules, and data structures or subsets thereof, including an optional operating system 230 and an XR experience module 240.

[0122] The operating system 230 includes instructions for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware-related tasks. In some embodiments, the XR experience module 240 is configured to manage and coordinate single or multiple XR experiences of one or more users (e.g., a single XR experience of one or more users, or multiple XR experiences of corresponding groups of one or more users). To this end, in various embodiments, the XR experience module 240 includes a data acquisition unit 241, a tracking unit 242, a coordination unit 246, and a data sending unit 248.

[0123] In some embodiments, the data acquisition unit 241 is configured to obtain Figure 1A 120, and optionally acquires data (e.g., presentation data, interaction data, sensor data, location data, etc.) from one or more of input device 125, output device 155, sensor 190, and / or peripheral device 195. To this end, in various embodiments, data acquisition unit 241 includes instructions and / or logic for instructions as well as heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0124] In some embodiments, tracking unit 242 is configured to map scene 105 and track at least display generation component 120 relative to Figure 1A The tracking unit 242 may include instructions and / or logic for instructions and heuristics and metadata for the heuristics. In some embodiments, the tracking unit 242 includes a hand tracking unit 244 and / or an eye tracking unit 243. In some embodiments, the hand tracking unit 244 is configured to track the position / location of one or more parts of the user's hand and / or the position of one or more parts of the user's hand relative to the scene 105. Figure 1A The movement of the scene 105 relative to the display generation component 120 and / or relative to a coordinate system (the coordinate system is defined relative to the user's hand). Figure 4 The hand tracking unit 244 is described in more detail. In some embodiments, the eye tracking unit 243 is configured to track the position or movement of the user's gaze (or more generally, the user's eyes, face, or head) relative to the scene 105 (e.g., relative to the physical environment and / or relative to the user (e.g., the user's hands)) or relative to the XR content displayed via the display generation component 120. Figure 5 The eye tracking unit 243 is described in more detail.

[0125] In some embodiments, coordination unit 246 is configured to manage and coordinate the XR experience presented to the user by display generation component 120, and optionally by one or more of output device 155 and / or peripherals 195. To this end, in various embodiments, coordination unit 246 includes instructions and / or logic for instructions and heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0126] In some embodiments, the data sending unit 248 is configured to send data (e.g., presentation data, position data, etc.) to at least the display generation component 120, and optionally to one or more of the input device 125, the output device 155, the sensor 190, and / or the peripheral device 195. For this purpose, in various embodiments, the data sending unit 248 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions as well as heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0127] Although the data acquisition unit 241, the tracking unit 242 (e.g., including the eye tracking unit 243 and the hand tracking unit 244), the coordination unit 246, and the data sending unit 248 are illustrated as residing on a single device (e.g., the controller 110), it should be understood that in other embodiments, any combination of the data acquisition unit 241, the tracking unit 242 (e.g., including the eye tracking unit 243 and the hand tracking unit 244), the coordination unit 246, and the data sending unit 248 may be located in separate computing devices.

[0128] also, Figure 2 It serves more as a functional description of various features that may be present in a particular implementation, as opposed to a block diagram of the embodiments described herein. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, items shown separately may be combined, and some items may be separated. For example, Figure 2 Some functional modules shown separately in the figure may be implemented in a single module, and the various functions of a single functional block may be implemented by one or more functional blocks in various embodiments. The actual number of modules and the division of specific functions and how the features are distributed among them will vary depending on the specific implementation, and in some embodiments, depends in part on the specific combination of hardware, software and / or firmware selected for a specific implementation.

[0129] Figure 31 is a block diagram of an example of a display generation component 120 according to some embodiments. Although some specific features are shown, those skilled in the art will recognize from this disclosure that various other features are not shown for the sake of brevity and so as not to obscure more relevant aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein. For this purpose, as a non-limiting example, in some embodiments, the display generation component 120 (e.g., an HMD) includes one or more processing units 302 (e.g., a microprocessor, an ASIC, an FPGA, a GPU, a CPU, a processing core, etc.), one or more input / output (I / O) devices and sensors 306, one or more communication interfaces 308 (e.g., USB, FIREWIRE, THUNDERBOLT, IEEE 802.3x, IEEE802.11x, IEEE 802.16x, GSM, CDMA, TDMA, GPS, IR, Bluetooth, ZIGBEE and / or similar types of interfaces), one or more programming (e.g., I / O) interfaces 310, one or more XR displays 312, one or more optional internal-facing and / or external-facing image sensors 314, a memory 320, and one or more communication buses 304 for interconnecting these and various other components.

[0130] In some embodiments, one or more communication buses 304 include circuits for interconnecting and controlling communications between various system components. In some embodiments, one or more I / O devices and sensors 306 include an inertial measurement unit (IMU), an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a thermometer, one or more physiological sensors (e.g., a blood pressure monitor, a heart rate monitor, a blood oxygen sensor, a blood glucose sensor, etc.), one or more microphones, one or more speakers, a haptic engine, and / or one or more depth sensors (e.g., structured light, time of flight, etc.), etc.

[0131] In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 are configured to provide an XR experience to the user. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 correspond to holographic, digital light processing (DLP), liquid crystal display (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), organic light emitting field effect transistor (OLET), organic light emitting diode (OLED), surface conduction electron emission display (SED), field emission display (FED), quantum dot light emitting diode (QD-LED), microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and / or similar display types. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 correspond to diffraction, reflection, polarization, holographic and other waveguide displays. For example, the display generation component 120 (e.g., HMD) includes a single XR display. In another example, the display generation component 120 includes an XR display for each eye of the user. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 can present MR and VR content. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 can present MR or VR content.

[0132] In some embodiments, the one or more image sensors 314 are configured to acquire image data corresponding to at least a portion of the user's face, including the user's eyes (and may be referred to as an eye tracking camera). In some embodiments, the one or more image sensors 314 are configured to acquire image data corresponding to the user's hands and, optionally, at least a portion of the user's arms (and may be referred to as a hand tracking camera). In some embodiments, the one or more image sensors 314 are configured to face forward so as to acquire image data corresponding to a scene that the user would see in the absence of the display generating component 120 (e.g., an HMD) (and may be referred to as a scene camera). The one or more optional image sensors 314 may include one or more RGB cameras (e.g., with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor or a charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor), one or more infrared (IR) cameras, and / or one or more event-based cameras, etc.

[0133] The memory 320 includes a high-speed random access memory, such as a DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid-state memory device. In some embodiments, the memory 320 includes a non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. The memory 320 optionally includes one or more storage devices located away from the one or more processing units 302. The memory 320 includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, the memory 320 or the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of the memory 320 stores the following programs, modules, and data structures or a subset thereof, including an optional operating system 330 and an XR rendering module 340.

[0134] The operating system 330 includes processes for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware-related tasks. In some embodiments, the XR rendering module 340 is configured to present XR content to a user via one or more XR displays 312. To this end, in various embodiments, the XR rendering module 340 includes a data acquisition unit 342, an XR rendering unit 344, an XR map generation unit 346, and a data transmission unit 348.

[0135] In some embodiments, the data acquisition unit 342 is configured to at least Figure 1A The controller 110 acquires data (e.g., presentation data, interaction data, sensor data, positioning data, etc.). For the purposes described, in various embodiments, the data acquisition unit 342 includes instructions and / or logic for instructions and heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0136] In some embodiments, the XR rendering unit 344 is configured to render XR content via one or more XR displays 312. For such purposes, in various embodiments, the XR rendering unit 344 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions and heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0137] In some embodiments, the XR map generation unit 346 is configured to generate an XR map (e.g., a 3D map of a mixed reality scene or a map of a physical environment in which computer-generated objects can be placed to generate an extended reality) based on the media content data. For such purposes, in various embodiments, the XR map generation unit 346 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions and heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0138] In some embodiments, the data sending unit 348 is configured to send data (e.g., presentation data, position data, etc.) to at least the controller 110, and optionally one or more of the input device 125, the output device 155, the sensor 190, and / or the peripheral device 195. For such purposes, in various embodiments, the data sending unit 348 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions and heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0139] Although the data acquisition unit 342, the XR rendering unit 344, the XR map generation unit 346, and the data transmission unit 348 are shown as residing on a single device (e.g., Figure 1A , but it should be understood that in other embodiments, any combination of the data acquisition unit 342, the XR rendering unit 344, the XR mapping generation unit 346, and the data sending unit 348 may be located in a separate computing device.

[0140] also, Figure 3 More as a functional description of various features that may be present in a particular embodiment, rather than a schematic diagram of the structures of the embodiments described herein. As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, items shown separately may be combined, and some items may be separated. For example, Figure 3 Some functional modules shown separately in the figure may be implemented in a single module, and the various functions of a single functional block may be implemented by one or more functional blocks in various embodiments. The actual number of modules and the division of specific functions and how the features are distributed among them will vary depending on the specific implementation, and in some embodiments, depends in part on the specific combination of hardware, software and / or firmware selected for a specific implementation.

[0141] Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of an example implementation of the hand tracking device 140. In some implementations, the hand tracking device 140 ( Figure 1A ) is controlled by the hand tracking unit 244 ( Figure 2 ) to track the position / location of one or more parts of a user's hand, and / or the movement of one or more parts of a user's hand relative to the scene 105 of Figure 1 (e.g., relative to a portion of the physical environment surrounding the user, relative to the display generation component 120, or relative to a portion of the user (e.g., the user's face, eyes, or head), and / or relative to a coordinate system (which is defined relative to the user's hand)). In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 is part of the display generation component 120 (e.g., embedded in or attached to the head-mounted device). In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 is separate from the display generation component 120 (e.g., located in a separate housing or attached to a separate physical support structure).

[0142] In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 includes an image sensor 404 (e.g., one or more IR cameras, 3D cameras, depth cameras, and / or color cameras, etc.) that captures three-dimensional scene information including at least a human user's hand 406. The image sensor 404 captures hand images with sufficient resolution so that fingers and their corresponding positioning can be distinguished. The image sensor 404 typically captures images of other parts of the user's body, or may capture images of all parts of the body, and may have zoom capabilities or a dedicated sensor with increased magnification to capture images of the hand with a desired resolution. In some embodiments, the image sensor 404 also captures 2D color video images of the hand 406 and other elements of the scene. In some embodiments, the image sensor 404 is used in conjunction with other image sensors to capture the physical environment of the scene 105, or is used as an image sensor to capture the physical environment of the scene 105. In some embodiments, the image sensor is positioned relative to the user or the user's environment in a manner that the field of view of the image sensor 404 or a portion thereof is used to define an interaction space, in which the hand movements captured by the image sensor are considered as input to the controller 110.

[0143] In some embodiments, the image sensor 404 outputs a sequence of frames containing 3D image data (and in addition, possible color image data) to the controller 110, which extracts high-level information from the image data. The high-level information is typically provided to an application running on the controller via an application program interface (API), which drives the display generation component 120 accordingly. For example, a user can interact with the software running on the controller 110 by moving his hand 406 and changing his hand posture.

[0144] In some embodiments, the image sensor 404 projects a speckled pattern onto a scene containing the hand 406 and captures an image of the projected pattern. In some embodiments, the controller 110 calculates the 3D coordinates of points in the scene (including points on the surface of the user's hand) by triangulation based on the lateral offset of the spots in the pattern. This method is advantageous because it does not require the user to hold or wear any kind of beacon, sensor, or other marker. The method gives the depth coordinates of points in the scene relative to a predetermined reference plane at a specific distance from the image sensor 404. In the present disclosure, it is assumed that the image sensor 404 defines an orthogonal set of x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis, so that the depth coordinates of points in the scene correspond to the z component measured by the image sensor. Alternatively, the image sensor 404 (e.g., a hand tracking device) may use other 3D mapping methods based on a single or multiple cameras or other types of sensors, such as stereo imaging or time-of-flight measurement.

[0145] In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 captures and processes a time series of depth maps containing the user's hand as the user moves his hand (e.g., the entire hand or one or more fingers). Software running on the image sensor 404 and / or the processor in the controller 110 processes the 3D map data to extract image patch descriptors of the hand in these depth maps. The software can match these descriptors with image patch descriptors stored in the database 408 based on a previous learning process to estimate the pose of the hand in each frame. The pose typically includes the 3D position of the user's hand joints and finger tips.

[0146] The software can also analyze the trajectory of the hand and / or finger over multiple frames in the sequence to identify gestures. The pose estimation function described herein can be alternated with the motion tracking function so that the image block-based pose estimation is performed only once every two (or more) frames, and the tracking is used to find the changes in pose that occur on the remaining frames. The pose, motion, and gesture information is provided to the application running on the controller 110 via the above-mentioned API. The program can, for example, move and modify the image presented on the display generation component 120 in response to the pose and / or gesture information, or perform other functions.

[0147] In some embodiments, gestures include air gestures. An air gesture is a gesture detected without the user touching an input element that is part of a device (e.g., computer system 101, one or more input devices 125, and / or hand tracking device 140) (or independent of an input element that is part of a device) and based on detected movement of a part of the user's body (e.g., head, one or more arms, one or more hands, one or more fingers, and / or one or more legs) through the air (including movement of the user's body relative to an absolute reference (e.g., the angle of the user's arm relative to the ground or the distance of the user's hand relative to the ground), movement relative to another part of the user's body (e.g., movement of the user's hand relative to the user's shoulder, movement of one of the user's hands relative to the user's other hand, and / or movement of a user's finger relative to another finger or part of the user's hand), and / or absolute movement of a part of the user's body (e.g., a tap gesture in which the hand moves a predetermined amount and / or speed in a predetermined posture, or a shake gesture including a predetermined speed or amount of rotation of a part of the user's body)).

[0148] In some embodiments, according to some embodiments, the input gestures used in the various examples and embodiments described herein include air gestures for interacting with an XR environment (e.g., a virtual or mixed reality environment) performed by movement of a user's fingers relative to other fingers or parts of the user's hand. In some embodiments, an air gesture is a gesture detected without the user touching an input element that is part of the device (or independent of an input element that is part of the device) and based on detected movement of a part of the user's body through the air (including movement of the user's body relative to an absolute reference (e.g., the angle of the user's arm relative to the ground or the distance of the user's hand relative to the ground), movement relative to another part of the user's body (e.g., movement of the user's hand relative to the user's shoulder, movement of one of the user's hands relative to the user's other hand, and / or movement of the user's fingers relative to another finger or part of the user's hand), and / or absolute movement of a part of the user's body (e.g., a tap gesture in which the hand moves a predetermined amount and / or speed in a predetermined posture, or a shake gesture including a predetermined speed or rotation amount of a part of the user's body)).

[0149] In some embodiments where the input gesture is an in-air gesture (e.g., in the absence of physical contact with an input device that provides information to the computer system about which user interface element is the target of the user input, such as contact with a user interface element displayed on a touch screen, or contact with a mouse or trackpad to move a cursor to a user interface element), the gesture takes into account the user's attention (e.g., gaze) to determine the target of the user input (e.g., for direct input, as described below). Thus, in embodiments involving in-air gestures, for example, the input gesture is combined (e.g., simultaneously) with movement of the user's fingers and / or hand to detect attention (e.g., gaze) toward a user interface element to perform a pinch and / or tap input, as described below.

[0150] In some embodiments, an input gesture pointing to a user interface object is performed directly or indirectly with reference to the user interface object. For example, the user input is performed directly on the user interface object according to performing the input with the user's hand at a location corresponding to the location of the user interface object in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., as determined based on the user's current viewpoint). In some embodiments, when the user's attention (e.g., gaze) to the user interface object is detected, the input gesture is performed indirectly on the user interface object according to the location of the user's hand not being at the location corresponding to the location of the user interface object in the three-dimensional environment while the user performs the input gesture. For example, for a direct input gesture, the user can guide the user's input to the user interface object by initiating a gesture at or near a location corresponding to the display location of the user interface object (e.g., within 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 5 cm, or a distance between 0 and 5 cm measured from the outer edge of the option or the center portion of the option). For an indirect input gesture, the user can guide the user's input to the user interface object by focusing on the user interface object (e.g., by gazing at the user interface object), and while focusing on the option, the user initiates an input gesture (e.g., at any location detectable by the computer system) (e.g., at a location that does not correspond to the display location of the user interface object).

[0151] In some embodiments, according to some embodiments, the input gestures (e.g., air gestures) used in various examples and embodiments described herein include pinch input and tap input for interacting with a virtual or mixed reality environment. For example, the pinch input and tap input described below are performed as air gestures.

[0152] In some embodiments, the pinch input is part of an air gesture that includes one or more of the following: a pinch gesture, a long pinch gesture, a pinch and drag gesture, or a double pinch gesture. For example, a pinch gesture as an air gesture includes movement of two or more fingers of a hand to contact each other, that is, optionally followed by an immediate (e.g., within 0 to 1 second) interruption of contact with each other. A long pinch gesture as an air gesture includes movement of two or more fingers of a hand in contact with each other for at least a threshold amount of time (e.g., at least 1 second) before an interruption of contact with each other is detected. For example, a long pinch gesture includes the user maintaining a pinch gesture (e.g., in which two or more fingers are in contact), and the long pinch gesture continues until an interruption of contact between the two or more fingers is detected. In some embodiments, a double pinch gesture as an air gesture includes two (e.g., or more) pinch inputs (e.g., performed by the same hand) that are detected consecutively immediately (e.g., within a predefined time period) with each other. For example, the user performs a first pinch input (e.g., a pinch input or a long pinch input), releases the first pinch input (e.g., interrupts contact between two or more fingers), and performs a second pinch input within a predefined time period after releasing the first pinch input (e.g., within 1 second or within 2 seconds).

[0153] In some embodiments, the pinch and drag gesture as an air gesture includes a pinch gesture (e.g., a pinch gesture or a long pinch gesture) performed in conjunction with (e.g., following) a drag input that changes the position of the user's hand from a first position (e.g., the start position of the drag) to a second position (e.g., the end position of the drag). In some embodiments, the user maintains the pinch gesture while performing the drag input, and releases the pinch gesture (e.g., opens their two or more fingers) to end the drag gesture (e.g., at the second position). In some embodiments, the pinch input and the drag input are performed by the same hand (e.g., the user pinches two or more fingers to contact each other and moves the same hand to a second position in the air using the drag gesture). In some embodiments, a pinch input is performed by a first hand of a user, and a drag input is performed by a second hand of the user (e.g., the second hand of the user moves from a first position to a second position in the air while the user continues a pinch input with the user's first hand. In some embodiments, an input gesture that is an air gesture includes input (e.g., pinch and / or tap input) performed using both hands of the user. For example, the input gesture includes two (e.g., or more) pinch inputs that are performed in conjunction with each other (e.g., concurrently or within a predefined time period). For example, a first pinch gesture (e.g., a pinch input, a long pinch input, or a pinch and drag input) is performed using the first hand of the user, and in conjunction with the pinch input performed using the first hand, a second pinch input is performed using another hand (e.g., a second hand of the user's two hands).

[0154] In some embodiments, a tap input performed as an air gesture (e.g., pointing to a user interface element) includes movement of a user's finger toward the user interface element, movement of a user's hand toward the user interface element (optionally, extension of the user's finger toward the user interface element), downward movement of a user's finger (e.g., mimicking a mouse click motion or a tap on a touch screen), or other predefined movement of a user's hand. In some embodiments, a tap input performed as an air gesture is detected based on movement characteristics of the finger or hand performing the tap gesture movement of the finger or hand, which is a movement of the finger or hand away from the user's viewpoint and / or toward an object that is the target of the tap input, followed by an end of the movement. In some embodiments, the end of the movement is detected based on a change in the movement characteristics of the finger or hand performing the tap gesture (e.g., the end of the movement away from the user's viewpoint and / or toward an object that is the target of the tap input, a reversal of the direction of movement of the finger or hand, and / or a reversal of the acceleration direction of the movement of the finger or hand).

[0155] In some embodiments, it is determined that the user's attention is directed to a portion of the three-dimensional environment based on detection of a gaze directed to that portion of the three-dimensional environment (optionally, no other conditions are required). In some embodiments, it is determined that the user's attention is directed to a portion of the three-dimensional environment based on detection of a gaze directed to that portion of the three-dimensional environment using one or more additional conditions, such as requiring the gaze to be directed to the portion of the three-dimensional environment for at least a threshold duration (e.g., a dwell duration) and / or requiring the gaze to be directed to the portion of the three-dimensional environment when the user's viewpoint is within a distance threshold from the portion of the three-dimensional environment, so that the device determines that the user's attention is directed to the portion of the three-dimensional environment, wherein if one of these additional conditions is not met, the device determines that the attention is not directed to the portion of the three-dimensional environment to which the gaze is directed (e.g., until the one or more additional conditions are met).

[0156] In some embodiments, detection of a ready state configuration of a user or a portion of a user is detected by a computer system. Detection of a ready state configuration of a hand is used by the computer system as an indication that the user may be preparing to interact with the computer system using one or more air gesture inputs (e.g., pinch, tap, pinch and drag, double pinch, long pinch, or other air gestures described herein) performed by the hand. For example, the ready state of the hand is determined based on whether the hand has a predetermined hand shape (e.g., a pre-pinch shape with the thumb and one or more fingers extended and spaced apart in preparation for a pinch or grab gesture, or a pre-tap with one or more fingers extended and the palm facing away from the user), based on whether the hand is in a predetermined position relative to the user's viewpoint (e.g., below the user's head and above the user's waist and extending at least 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, or 50 cm from the body), and / or based on whether the hand has moved in a particular manner (e.g., toward an area in front of the user above the user's waist and below the user's head, or away from the user's body or legs). In some embodiments, the ready state is used to determine whether an interactive element of a user interface responds to attention (e.g., gaze) input.

[0157] In scenarios where input is described with reference to in-air gestures, it should be understood that similar gestures may be detected using a hardware input device attached to or held by one or more hands of a user, where optical tracking, one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, one or more magnetometers, and / or one or more inertial measurement units may be used to track the positioning of the hardware input device in space, and the positioning and / or movement of the hardware input device is used in place of the positioning and / or movement of the one or more hands in the corresponding in-air gesture. In scenarios where input is described with reference to in-air poses, it should be understood that similar poses may be detected using a hardware input device attached to or held by one or more hands of a user. User input may be detected using controls contained in a hardware input device, such as one or more touch-sensitive input elements, one or more pressure-sensitive input elements, one or more buttons, one or more knobs, one or more dials, one or more joysticks, one or more hand or finger overlays that can detect the position or change of position of parts of a hand and / or finger relative to each other, relative to the user's body and / or relative to the user's physical environment, and / or other hardware input device controls, wherein user input using the controls contained in the hardware input device is used in place of hand and / or finger gestures such as air taps or air pinches in corresponding air gestures. For example, a selection input described as being performed using an air tap or air pinch input may alternatively be detected using a button press, a tap on a touch-sensitive surface, a press on a pressure-sensitive surface, or other hardware input. As another example, a movement input described as being performed using an air pinch and drag may alternatively be detected based on an interaction with a hardware input control (such as a button press and hold, a touch on a touch-sensitive surface, a press on a pressure-sensitive surface, or other hardware input following movement of the hardware input device (e.g., along with a hand associated with the hardware input device) through space). Similarly, two-handed input involving movement of the hands relative to each other may be performed using an air gesture and a hardware input device in the hand that is not performing the air gesture, two hardware input devices held in different hands, or two air gestures performed by different hands using various combinations of air gestures and / or inputs detected by one or more of the above hardware input devices.

[0158] In some embodiments, the software may be downloaded to the controller 110 in electronic form, for example, over a network, or may alternatively be provided on a tangible, non-transitory medium such as an optical, magnetic, or electronic memory medium. In some embodiments, the database 408 is also stored in a memory associated with the controller 110. Alternatively or in addition, some or all of the described functions of the computer may be implemented in dedicated hardware, such as a custom or semi-custom integrated circuit or a programmable digital signal processor (DSP). Although in Figure 4Controller 110 is shown in FIG. 1 , but some or all of the processing functions of the controller may be performed by a suitable microprocessor and software or by dedicated circuitry within the housing of the image sensor 404 (e.g., a hand tracking device) or other device associated with the image sensor 404, for example, as a separate unit from the image sensor 404. In some embodiments, at least some of these processing functions may be performed by a suitable processor integrated with the display generation component 120 (e.g., in a television receiver, handheld device, or head-mounted device) or with any other suitable computerized device (such as a game console or media player). The sensing functions of the image sensor 404 may also be integrated into a computer or other computerized device to be controlled by the sensor output.

[0159] Figure 4 Also included is a schematic diagram of a depth map 410 captured by the image sensor 404 according to some embodiments. As described above, the depth map includes a matrix of pixels with corresponding depth values. Pixels 412 corresponding to the hand 406 have been segmented from the background and wrist in the figure. The brightness of each pixel in the depth map 410 is inversely proportional to its depth value (i.e., the measured z distance from the image sensor 404), where the gray shades become darker as the depth increases. The controller 110 processes these depth values ​​in order to identify and segment the components of the image that have human hand characteristics (i.e., a group of adjacent pixels). These characteristics may include, for example, overall size, shape, and movement from frame to frame in the depth map sequence.

[0160] Figure 4 Also schematically illustrated is a hand skeleton 414 that the controller 110 ultimately extracts from the depth map 410 of the hand 406 according to some embodiments. Figure 4 In the hand skeleton 414, a hand background 416 that has been segmented from the original depth map is superimposed. In some embodiments, key feature points of the hand and optionally on a wrist or arm connected to the hand (e.g., points corresponding to knuckles, finger tips, palm center, end of the hand connected to the wrist, etc.) are identified and located on the hand skeleton 414. In some embodiments, the controller 110 uses the position and movement of these key feature points over multiple image frames to determine the gesture performed by the hand or the current state of the hand according to some embodiments.

[0161] Figure 5 The eye tracking device 130 ( Figure 1A ). In some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 is composed of an eye tracking unit 243 ( Figure 2) controls to track the position and movement of the user's gaze relative to the scene 105 or relative to the XR content displayed via the display generation component 120. In some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 is integrated with the display generation component 120. For example, in some embodiments, when the display generation component 120 is a head-mounted device (such as headphones, helmets, goggles, or glasses) or a handheld device placed in a wearable frame, the head-mounted device includes both components for generating XR content for viewing by the user and components for tracking the user's gaze relative to the XR content. In some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 is separate from the display generation component 120. For example, when the display generation component is a handheld device or an XR room, the eye tracking device 130 is optionally a device separate from the handheld device or the XR room. In some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 is a head-mounted device or a part of a head-mounted device. In some embodiments, the head-mounted eye tracking device 130 is optionally used in conjunction with a display generation component that is also head-mounted or a display generation component that is not head-mounted. In some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 is not a head mounted device, and is optionally used in conjunction with a head mounted display generation component. In some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 is not a head mounted device, and is optionally part of a non-head mounted display generation component.

[0162] In some embodiments, the display generation component 120 uses a display mechanism (e.g., a left near-eye display panel and a right near-eye display panel) to display a frame including a left image and a right image in front of the user's eyes, thereby providing a 3D virtual view to the user. For example, the head-mounted display generation component may include a left optical lens and a right optical lens (referred to herein as eye lenses) located between the display and the user's eyes. In some embodiments, the display generation component may include or be coupled to one or more external cameras that capture a video of the user's environment for display. In some embodiments, the head-mounted display generation component may have a transparent or translucent display, and display a virtual object on the transparent or translucent display, and the user can directly view the physical environment through the transparent or translucent display. In some embodiments, the display generation component projects the virtual object into the physical environment. The virtual object may, for example, be projected on a physical surface or projected as a hologram so that an individual using the system observes the virtual object superimposed on the physical environment. In this case, separate display panels and image frames for the left and right eyes may not be required.

[0163] like Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 (e.g., gaze tracking device) includes at least one eye tracking camera (e.g., an infrared (IR) or near infrared (NIR) camera), and an illumination source (e.g., an IR or NIR light source, such as an array or ring of LEDs) that emits light (e.g., IR or NIR light) toward the user's eyes. The eye tracking camera can be pointed at the user's eyes to receive the IR or NIR light reflected directly from the eyes by the light source, or alternatively can be pointed at "hot" mirrors located between the user's eyes and the display panel, which reflect the IR or NIR light from the eyes to the eye tracking camera while allowing visible light to pass through. The eye tracking device 130 optionally captures images of the user's eyes (e.g., as a video stream captured at 60-120 frames per second (fps)), analyzes the images to generate gaze tracking information, and transmits the gaze tracking information to the controller 110. In some embodiments, the user's two eyes are tracked separately by corresponding eye tracking cameras and illumination sources. In some embodiments, only one eye of the user is tracked by the corresponding eye tracking camera and illumination source.

[0164] In some embodiments, the eye tracking device 130 is calibrated using a device-specific calibration process to determine the parameters of the eye tracking device for a specific operating environment 100, such as the 3D geometric relationships and parameters of the LED, camera, thermal mirror (if present), eye lens, and display screen. The device-specific calibration process can be performed at a factory or another facility before the AR / VR equipment is delivered to the end user. The device-specific calibration process can be an automatic calibration process or a manual calibration process. According to some embodiments, the user-specific calibration process may include an estimate of the eye parameters of a specific user, such as pupil position, foveal position, optical axis, visual axis, eye spacing, etc. According to some embodiments, once the device-specific parameters and user-specific parameters are determined for the eye tracking device 130, a flash-assisted method can be used to process the images captured by the eye tracking camera to determine the current visual axis and the user's gaze point relative to the display.

[0165] like Figure 5As shown, the eye tracking device 130 (e.g., 130A or 130B) includes an eye lens 520 and a gaze tracking system, which includes at least one eye tracking camera 540 (e.g., an infrared (IR) or near infrared (NIR) camera) positioned on the side of the user's face on which eye tracking is performed, and an illumination source 530 (e.g., an IR or NIR light source, such as an array or ring of NIR light emitting diodes (LEDs)) that emits light (e.g., IR or NIR light) toward the user's eye 592. The eye tracking camera 540 can be directed toward a mirror 550 (which reflects IR or NIR light from the eye 592 while allowing visible light to pass) located between the user's eye 592 and a display 510 (e.g., a left display panel or a right display panel of a head-mounted display, or a display of a handheld device, a projector, etc.) (e.g., as Figure 5 ), or alternatively may be directed toward the user's eye 592 to receive reflected IR or NIR light from the eye 592 (e.g., as shown in the top portion of Figure 5 ).

[0166] In some embodiments, the controller 110 renders AR or VR frames 562 (e.g., left and right frames for left and right display panels) and provides the frames 562 to the display 510. The controller 110 uses the gaze tracking input 542 from the eye tracking camera 540 for various purposes, such as for processing the frames 562 for display. The controller 110 optionally estimates the user's gaze point on the display 510 based on the gaze tracking input 542 obtained from the eye tracking camera 540 using a flash-assisted method or other suitable method. The gaze point estimated from the gaze tracking input 542 is optionally used to determine the direction in which the user is currently looking.

[0167] Several possible use cases for the user's current gaze direction are described below and are not intended to be limiting. As an example use case, the controller 110 may render virtual content differently based on the determined direction of the user's gaze. For example, the controller 110 may generate virtual content at a higher resolution in the foveal area determined according to the user's current gaze direction than in the peripheral area. As another example, the controller may position or move virtual content in a view based at least in part on the user's current gaze direction. As another example, the controller may display specific virtual content in a view based at least in part on the user's current gaze direction. As another example use case in an AR application, the controller 110 may guide an external camera for capturing the physical environment of the XR experience to focus in the determined direction. The autofocus mechanism of the external camera may then focus on an object or surface in the environment that the user is currently looking at on the display 510. As another example use case, the eye lens 520 may be a focusable lens, and the controller uses gaze tracking information to adjust the focus of the eye lens 520 so that the virtual object that the user is currently looking at has an appropriate degree of convergence to match the convergence of the user's eye 592. The controller 110 can use the gaze tracking information to guide the eye lens 520 to adjust the focus so that nearby objects that the user is looking at appear at the correct distance.

[0168] In some embodiments, the eye tracking device is part of a head-mounted device that includes a display (e.g., display 510), two eye lenses (e.g., eye lenses 520), an eye tracking camera (e.g., eye tracking camera 540), and a light source (e.g., illumination source 530 (e.g., IR or NIR LED)) mounted in a wearable housing. The light source emits light (e.g., IR or NIR light) toward the user's eyes 592. In some embodiments, the light sources can be arranged in a ring or circle around each of the lenses, such as Figure 5 In some embodiments, for example, eight illumination sources 530 (eg, LEDs) are arranged around each lens 520. However, more or fewer illumination sources 530 may be used, and other arrangements and locations of illumination sources 530 may be used.

[0169] In some embodiments, the display 510 emits light in the visible range and does not emit light in the IR or NIR range, and therefore does not introduce noise into the gaze tracking system. Note that the positions and angles of the eye tracking cameras 540 are given by way of example and are not intended to be limiting. In some embodiments, a single eye tracking camera 540 is located on each side of the user's face. In some embodiments, two or more NIR cameras 540 may be used on each side of the user's face. In some embodiments, a camera 540 with a wider field of view (FOV) and a camera 540 with a narrower FOV may be used on each side of the user's face. In some embodiments, a camera 540 operating at one wavelength (e.g., 850 nm) and a camera 540 operating at a different wavelength (e.g., 940 nm) may be used on each side of the user's face.

[0170] like Figure 5 Embodiments of the gaze tracking system illustrated in the drawings may be used, for example, in computer-generated reality, virtual reality, and / or mixed reality applications to provide a user with a computer-generated reality, virtual reality, augmented reality, and / or augmented virtual experience.

[0171] Figure 6 A flash-assisted gaze tracking pipeline according to some embodiments is illustrated. In some embodiments, the gaze tracking pipeline is implemented by a flash-assisted gaze tracking system (e.g., Figure 1A and Figure 5 The flash-assisted gaze tracking system can maintain a tracking state. Initially, the tracking state is off or "no". When in the tracking state, the flash-assisted gaze tracking system uses previous information from previous frames when analyzing the current frame to track the pupil outline and the flash in the current frame. When not in the tracking state, the flash-assisted gaze tracking system attempts to detect the pupil and the flash in the current frame, and if successful, initializes the tracking state to "yes" and continues with the next frame in the tracking state.

[0172] like Figure 6 As shown, the gaze tracking camera can capture left and right images of the user's left and right eyes. The captured images are then input to the gaze tracking pipeline for processing starting at 610. As indicated by the arrow returning to element 600, the gaze tracking system can continue to capture images of the user's eyes at a rate of, for example, 60 to 120 frames per second. In some embodiments, each group of captured images can be input to the pipeline for processing. However, in some embodiments or under some conditions, not all captured frames are processed by the pipeline.

[0173] At 610, for the currently captured image, if the tracking status is yes, the method proceeds to element 640. At 610, if the tracking status is no, the image is analyzed to detect the user's pupil and glint in the image, as indicated at 620. At 630, if the pupil and glint are successfully detected, the method proceeds to element 640. Otherwise, the method returns to element 610 to process the next image of the user's eye.

[0174] At 640, if advancing from element 610, the current frame is analyzed to track pupils and glints based in part on previous information from previous frames. At 640, if advancing from element 630, the tracking state is initialized based on the pupils and glints detected in the current frame. The processing results at element 640 are checked to verify that the results of the tracking or detection can be credible. For example, the results can be checked to determine whether the pupil and a sufficient number of glints for performing gaze estimation are successfully tracked or detected in the current frame. At 650, if the results are not likely to be credible, at element 660, the tracking state is set to no, and the method returns to element 610 to process the next image of the user's eye. At 650, if the results are credible, the method advances to element 670. At 670, the tracking state is set to yes (if not already yes), and the pupil and glint information is passed to element 680 to estimate the user's gaze point.

[0175] Figure 6 It is intended to be used as an example of an eye tracking technology that can be used for a particular implementation. As recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art, according to various embodiments, other eye tracking technologies currently existing or developed in the future can be used in place of or in combination with the flash-assisted eye tracking technology described herein in a computer system 101 for providing an XR experience to a user.

[0176] In some embodiments, the captured portion of the real-world environment 602 is used to provide an XR experience to the user, such as a mixed reality environment in which one or more virtual objects are superimposed on top of a representation of the real-world environment 602 .

[0177] Thus, the description herein describes some embodiments of a three-dimensional environment (e.g., an XR environment) including representations of real-world objects and representations of virtual objects. For example, the three-dimensional environment optionally includes a representation of a table present in a physical environment, which is captured and displayed in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., actively displayed via a camera and display of a computer system or passively displayed via a transparent or translucent display of a computer system). As previously described, the three-dimensional environment is optionally a mixed reality system, wherein the three-dimensional environment is based on a physical environment captured by one or more sensors of a computer system and displayed via a display generation component. As a mixed reality system, the computer system is optionally capable of selectively displaying parts and / or objects of the physical environment so that the corresponding parts and / or objects of the physical environment appear as if they exist in the three-dimensional environment displayed by the computer system. Similarly, the computer system is optionally capable of displaying virtual objects in a three-dimensional environment by placing virtual objects at corresponding positions in the three-dimensional environment that have corresponding positions in the real world to appear as if the virtual objects exist in the real world (e.g., a physical environment). For example, the computer system optionally displays a vase so that the vase appears as if a real vase is placed on top of a table in the physical environment. In some embodiments, a corresponding position in the three-dimensional environment has a corresponding position in the physical environment. Thus, when a computer system is described as displaying a virtual object at a corresponding position relative to a physical object (e.g., such as a position at or near a user's hand or at or near a physical table), the computer system displays the virtual object at a specific position in the three-dimensional environment so that it appears as if the virtual object is at or near the physical object in the physical environment (e.g., the virtual object is displayed at a position in the three-dimensional environment that corresponds to the position in the physical environment where the virtual object would be displayed if it were a real object at that specific position).

[0178] In some embodiments, real-world objects present in the physical environment that are displayed in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., and / or visible via a display generation component) can interact with virtual objects that only exist in the three-dimensional environment. For example, the three-dimensional environment may include a table and a vase placed on top of the table, where the table is a view (or representation) of a physical table in the physical environment and the vase is a virtual object.

[0179] In a three-dimensional environment (e.g., a real environment, a virtual environment, or an environment comprising a mixture of real objects and virtual objects), an object is sometimes referred to as having depth or simulated depth, or an object is referred to as being visible, displayed, or placed at different depths. In this context, depth refers to a dimension different from height or width. In some embodiments, depth is defined relative to a fixed coordinate set (e.g., where a room or object has a height, depth, and width defined relative to a fixed coordinate set). In some embodiments, depth is defined relative to the user's position or viewpoint, in which case the depth dimension varies based on the position and angle of the user's position and / or the user's viewpoint. In some embodiments where depth is defined relative to the user's position relative to the surface of the environment (e.g., the surface of the floor or ground of the environment), an object farther away from the user along a line extending parallel to the surface is considered to have greater depth in the environment, and / or the depth of an object is measured along an axis extending outward from the user's position and parallel to the surface of the environment (e.g., depth is defined in a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical coordinate system, where the user's position is at the center of a cylinder extending from the user's head toward the user's feet). In some embodiments where depth is defined relative to a user's viewpoint (e.g., relative to a direction of a point in space that determines which portion of an environment is visible via a head-mounted device or other display), objects that are farther away from the user's viewpoint along a line extending parallel to the user's viewpoint are considered to have greater depth in the environment, and / or the depth of an object is measured along an axis extending outward from the user's viewpoint and parallel to the user's viewpoint (e.g., depth is defined in a spherical or substantially spherical coordinate system with the origin of the viewpoint at the center of a sphere extending outward from the user's head). In some embodiments, depth is defined relative to a user interface container (e.g., a window or application in which applications and / or system content are displayed), where the user interface container has a height and / or width, and the depth is a dimension orthogonal to the height and / or width of the user interface container. In some embodiments, where the depth is defined relative to a user interface container, when the container is placed in a three-dimensional environment or is initially displayed (e.g., such that the depth dimension of the container extends outward away from the user or the user's viewpoint), the height and / or width of the container is generally orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to a straight line extending from a user-based position (e.g., the user's viewpoint or the user's position) to the user interface container (e.g., the center of the user interface container or another feature point of the user interface container). In some embodiments, where the depth is defined relative to the user interface container, the depth of an object relative to the user interface container refers to the position of the object along the depth dimension of the user interface container. In some embodiments, multiple different containers may have different depth dimensions (e.g., different depth dimensions extending away from the user or the user's viewpoint in different directions and / or from different starting points).In some embodiments, when depth is defined relative to a user interface container, the direction of the depth dimension remains constant for the user interface container as the position of the user interface container, the user, and / or the user's viewpoint changes (e.g., or when multiple different viewers are viewing the same container in a three-dimensional environment, such as during an in-person collaboration session and / or when multiple participants are in a real-time communication session with shared virtual content that includes the container). In some embodiments, for curved containers (e.g., including containers with curved surfaces or curved content areas), the depth dimension optionally extends into the surface of the curved container. In some cases, z separation (e.g., the separation of two objects in the depth dimension), z height (e.g., the distance of one object from another object in the depth dimension), z position (e.g., the position of an object in the depth dimension), z depth (e.g., the position of an object in the depth dimension), or simulated z dimension (e.g., depth used as a dimension of an object, a dimension of an environment, a direction in space, and / or a direction in simulated space) is used to refer to the concept of depth as described above.

[0180] In some embodiments, the user is optionally able to use one or both hands to interact with virtual objects in a three-dimensional environment as if the virtual objects were real objects in a physical environment. For example, as described above, one or more sensors of a computer system optionally capture one or more hands of a user and display representations of the user's hands in a three-dimensional environment (e.g., in a manner similar to displaying real-world objects in a three-dimensional environment as described above), or in some embodiments, due to the transparency / translucency of a portion of a display generation component that is displaying a user interface, or due to a projection of a user interface onto a transparent / translucent surface or a projection of a user interface onto a user's eyes or into the field of view of a user's eyes, the user's hands can be seen via the display generation component, via the ability to see the physical environment through the user interface. Therefore, in some embodiments, the user's hands are displayed at corresponding locations in the three-dimensional environment and are treated as if they were objects in the three-dimensional environment, which can interact with virtual objects in the three-dimensional environment as if these virtual objects were physical objects in the physical environment. In some embodiments, the computer system can update the display of the representation of the user's hands in the three-dimensional environment in conjunction with the movement of the user's hands in the physical environment.

[0181] In some of the embodiments described below, the computer system is optionally capable of determining an "effective" distance between a physical object in the physical world and a virtual object in a three-dimensional environment, for example, to determine whether the physical object is directly interacting with the virtual object (e.g., whether the hand is touching, grabbing, holding, etc. a virtual object or is within a threshold distance of the virtual object). For example, a hand that directly interacts with a virtual object optionally includes one or more of the following: a finger of a hand pressing a virtual button, a user's hand grabbing a virtual vase, a user's hand closing together and pinching / holding the user interface of an application, and two fingers that perform any other type of interaction described herein. For example, when determining whether a user is interacting with a virtual object and / or how a user is interacting with a virtual object, the computer system optionally determines the distance between the user's hand and the virtual object. In some embodiments, the computer system determines the distance between the user's hand and the virtual object by determining the distance between the position of the hand in the three-dimensional environment and the position of the virtual object of interest in the three-dimensional environment. For example, the one or more hands of the user are located at a specific location in the physical world, and the computer system optionally captures the one or more hands and displays the one or more hands at a specific corresponding location in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., if the hand is a virtual hand instead of a physical hand, the location where the hand will be displayed in the three-dimensional environment). The location of the hand in the three-dimensional environment is optionally compared with the location of the virtual object of interest in the three-dimensional environment to determine the distance between the one or more hands of the user and the virtual object. In some embodiments, the computer system optionally determines the distance between the physical object and the virtual object by comparing the location in the physical world (e.g., instead of comparing the location in the three-dimensional environment). For example, when determining the distance between the one or more hands of the user and the virtual object, the computer system optionally determines the corresponding position of the virtual object in the physical world (e.g., if the virtual object is a physical object instead of a virtual object, the location where the virtual object will be located in the physical world), and then determines the distance between the corresponding physical location and the one or more hands of the user. In some embodiments, the same technology is optionally used to determine the distance between any physical object and any virtual object. Therefore, as described herein, when determining whether a physical object is in contact with a virtual object or whether a physical object is within a threshold distance of a virtual object, a computer system optionally executes any of the techniques described above to map the position of the physical object to a three-dimensional environment and / or to map the position of the virtual object to the physical environment.

[0182] In some embodiments, the same or similar techniques are used to determine where and what the user's gaze is directed to, and / or where and what the physical stylus held by the user is pointed to. For example, if the user's gaze is directed to a particular location in the physical environment, the computer system optionally determines the corresponding location in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., the virtual location of the gaze), and if a virtual object is located at the corresponding virtual location, the computer system optionally determines that the user's gaze is directed to the virtual object. Similarly, the computer system is optionally able to determine the direction in which the stylus is pointing in the physical environment based on the orientation of the physical stylus. In some embodiments, based on this determination, the computer system determines a corresponding virtual location in the three-dimensional environment that corresponds to the location in the physical environment that the stylus is pointing to, and optionally determines that the stylus is pointing to the corresponding virtual location in the three-dimensional environment.

[0183] Similarly, the embodiments described herein may refer to the position of a user (e.g., a user of a computer system) in a three-dimensional environment and / or the position of a computer system in a three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the user of the computer system is holding, wearing, or otherwise located at or near the computer system. Therefore, in some embodiments, the position of the computer system is used as a proxy for the position of the user. In some embodiments, the position of the computer system and / or the user in the physical environment corresponds to the corresponding position in the three-dimensional environment. For example, the position of the computer system will be a position in the physical environment (and its corresponding position in the three-dimensional environment), and if the user stands at this position, facing the corresponding part of the physical environment visible via the display generation component, the user will see from this position in the physical environment in the same positioning, orientation and / or size (e.g., in an absolute sense and / or relative to each other) of the objects displayed in the three-dimensional environment by the display generation component of the computer system or visible in the three-dimensional environment via the display generation component. Similarly, if the virtual objects displayed in the three-dimensional environment are physical objects in the physical environment (e.g., physical objects placed at the same locations in the physical environment as the virtual objects are located in the three-dimensional environment, and physical objects that have the same size and orientation in the physical environment as they do in the three-dimensional environment), then the position of the computer system and / or user is the position from which the user would see the positions of the virtual objects in the physical environment at the same positions, orientations, and / or sizes (e.g., in an absolute sense and / or relative to each other and real-world objects) as the virtual objects displayed in the three-dimensional environment by the display generation components of the computer system.

[0184] In the present disclosure, various input methods are described with respect to interaction with a computer system. When an input device or input method is used to provide an example, and another input device or input method is used to provide another example, it should be understood that each example is compatible with the input device or input method described with respect to another example and optionally utilizes the input device or input method. Similarly, various output methods are described with respect to interaction with a computer system. When an output device or output method is used to provide an example, and another output device or output method is used to provide another example, it should be understood that each example is compatible with the output device or output method described with respect to another example and optionally utilizes the output device or output method. Similarly, various methods are described with respect to interaction with a virtual environment or a mixed reality environment by a computer system. When an example is provided using interaction with a virtual environment, and another example is provided using a mixed reality environment, it should be understood that each example is compatible with the method described with respect to another example and optionally utilizes these methods. Therefore, the present disclosure discloses an embodiment as a combination of features of multiple examples, without exhaustively listing all features of the embodiment in the description of each example embodiment.

[0185] User interface and associated processes

[0186] Attention is now turned to embodiments of a user interface ("UI") and associated processes that may be implemented on a computer system (such as a portable multifunction device or a head mounted device) having display generating components, one or more input devices, and (optionally) one or more cameras.

[0187] 7A to 7D Examples of virtual object manipulation operations using corresponding parts of a user's body and / or input devices according to some embodiments are illustrated.

[0188] Fig. 7A The computer system 101 is illustrated as displaying a three-dimensional environment 702 via a display generation component (eg, the display generation component 120 of FIG. 1 ). Figure 6 As described above, the computer system 101 optionally includes a display generation component (e.g., a touch screen) and a plurality of image sensors (e.g., Figure 3The image sensor 314 may include one or more of: a visible light camera; an infrared camera; a depth sensor; or any other sensor that the computer system 101 can use to capture one or more images of a user or a portion of a user (e.g., one or more hands of a user) when the user interacts with the computer system 101. In some embodiments, the user interface illustrated and described below may also be implemented on a head-mounted display that includes a display generation component that displays a user interface or a three-dimensional environment to the user, and sensors that detect movement of the physical environment and / or the user's hands (such as movement interpreted by the computer system as gestures such as air gestures) (e.g., external sensors facing outward from the user), and / or sensors that detect the user's gaze (e.g., internal sensors facing inward toward the user's face).

[0189] like Fig. 7A As shown, the computer system 101 captures one or more images of the physical environment (e.g., operating environment 100) around the computer system 101 (including one or more objects in the physical environment around the computer system 101). In some embodiments, the computer system 101 displays a representation of the physical environment in the three-dimensional environment 702 or a portion of the physical environment that is visible via the display generation component 120 of the computer system 101. For example, the three-dimensional environment 702 includes portions of the left and right walls, the ceiling, and the floor in the user's physical environment. For example, the physical object 724A, which is a sofa, is visible via the display generation component 120. In some embodiments, the computer system 101 optionally captures a representation of the user's body (such as hand 704A and hand 704B). It should be understood that the representation of the user's body is optionally a digital representation of the user's body and / or a view of the user's body (e.g., through a passive lens included in the computer system 101). A description of a corresponding portion of the user's body (e.g., hand) is made herein, but it should be understood that the description of the corresponding portion of the user's body is similarly applicable to the representation of a portion of the user's body. For example, if movement of a user's real-world hand optionally scales virtual content, and then in some embodiments, movement of the digital representation of the user's real-world hand scales the virtual content in a similar or identical manner as described relative to the user's real-world hand.

[0190] Fig. 7AThe three-dimensional environment 702 in the embodiment optionally also includes a representation of an input device (such as a device 712 held by the hand 704B) that communicates with the computer system 101. In some embodiments, the device 712 is referred to as a stick device, but it should be understood that such descriptions of stick devices and / or sticks are optionally used for simplicity and are interchangeable with the device 712. In some embodiments, the device 712 is a glove, a stylus, a ring, a wristband, a collar, a micro device attached to a corresponding part of the user's body, and / or other suitable devices that are optionally coupled to the hand 704B. Additional details about the device 712 are provided with reference to the method 800.

[0191] exist Fig. 7A , the three-dimensional environment 702 also includes virtual content, such as virtual content 706. Virtual content 706 is optionally one or more of a user interface of an application (e.g., a messaging user interface or a content browsing user interface), a three-dimensional object (e.g., a virtual clock, a virtual ball, a virtual block, or a virtual car), a virtual environment (e.g., as described with reference to method 800), or any other element displayed by computer system 101 that is not included in the physical environment of computer system 101. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein with reference to virtual content 706 are optionally also applicable to other corresponding virtual objects within the three-dimensional environment 702 that are not shown and / or not explicitly described.

[0192] In some embodiments, the computer system 101 is configured to manipulate virtual content based on input, which includes input based on movement, posture, gesture and / or input combinations of corresponding parts of the user's body. Although the embodiments described herein refer extensively to the movement, posture, gesture and combination of such inputs of the user's hands and / or fingers, it should be understood that the computer system 101 can detect input based on any suitable part of the user's body (such as the user's wrist, arm, elbow, leg and / or foot). In some embodiments, the computer system detects movement, posture and gesture of one or more corresponding parts of the user's body, such as movement and / or posture of one or more fingers of the user's hand. It should be understood that one or more corresponding parts of the user's body are merely placeholder terms, and embodiments involving such placeholder terms are widely applicable to any suitable part of the user's body. For example, the computer system 101 optionally performs a zoom operation based on the movement of the user's hand and / or optionally interchangeably based on the movement of the user's foot. Therefore, it can be understood that the computer system 101 is generally configured to use the corresponding part of the user's body as an input source to manipulate virtual content in any suitable manner.

[0193] In some embodiments, the virtual content 706 moves and / or translates based on the movement of the user's hand 704A. Fig. 7A, the computer system 101 optionally detects an air gesture such as movement of the hand 704A and / or movement of the hand 704A while the hand 704A assumes an air pose, such as a pinch of the index finger and thumb, an opening of the fingers, a pointing of the index finger, and / or another suitable air gesture. In some embodiments, while displaying the virtual content 706, the computer system 101 detects a first user input corresponding to a manipulation of the virtual content 706 including an air gesture. For example, the computer system 101 optionally detects a target of the user's attention, as indicated by the attention 715 superimposed over a portion of the virtual content 706. In some embodiments, an indication of the attention 715 is displayed in the three-dimensional environment 702, and in some embodiments, the indication is not displayed. In some embodiments, when the attention 715 corresponds to the virtual content 706, the computer system 101 detects an input associated with the user's hand 704A. For example, as previously described, the virtual content 706 is optionally manipulated according to the movement of the hand 704A. For example, the magnitude of movement 711 of virtual content 706 is optionally based on the magnitude of movement 710 of hand 704A. In some embodiments, the magnitude of movement 711 is directly proportional to, inversely proportional to, or nearly directly proportional to, the magnitude of movement 710. In some embodiments, the magnitude of movement 711 is non-linearly related to the magnitude of movement 710. In some embodiments, the direction of movement 711 is based on the direction of movement 710. For example, in response to movement 710 of hand 704A in a left direction, virtual content 706 is optionally moved to the left (e.g., as indicated in the example above) based on a predetermined system behavior of computer system 101 and / or according to one or more user preferences so specified. Fig. 7A ) or move to the right. For example, the user of computer system 101 optionally specifies that the direction of movement of his hand is expected to match the direction of movement of the virtual content, or is opposite to the direction of movement of his hand. In some embodiments, if hand 704A is not within the field of view of computer system 101, the first manipulation operation (e.g., movement) is abandoned. Thus, computer system 101 allows intuitive manipulation of virtual content based on input including movement of corresponding parts of the user's body.

[0194] In some embodiments, the manipulation based on the hand movement is another manipulation operation different from the translation of the virtual content 706. For example, the manipulation operation is optionally a rotation of the virtual content 706, a scaling of the virtual content 706, and / or a modification of the visual appearance of the virtual content 706 (e.g., translucency and / or masking of the virtual content).

[0195] In some embodiments, the first user input does not include input from a second part of the user's body directed to an input device (e.g., device 712) that is in communication with computer system 101. Fig. 7A, computer system 101 optionally detects that while the air gesture is being performed by hand 704A and the user's attention 715 is directed toward virtual content 706 and / or throughout this period of time, computer system 101 detects that hand 704B has not provided input to device 712. For example, computer system 101 optionally determines that hand 704B is optionally not pointing device 712 toward virtual content 706. Additionally or alternatively, computer system 101 optionally detects that a virtual button, a physical button, one or more hover inputs over a housing of device 712, one or more contacts along a surface of the housing, a squeeze gesture of device 712, and / or another suitable input is not directed toward device 712 using hand 704B (and / or using hand 704A). As such, computer system 101 optionally determines that the first input corresponds to a request to perform a first manipulation operation (e.g., translation and / or movement of virtual content 706), and in response optionally performs the first manipulation operation.

[0196] Fig.7A1 Illustrated with Fig. 7A Concepts similar and / or identical to those shown have many of the same reference numerals. It should be understood that unless otherwise indicated below, Fig.7A1 The shown 7A to 7D Elements shown with the same reference numeral have one or more or all of the same characteristics. Fig.7A1 The computer system 101 includes a display generation component 120 (or the same as the display generation component 120). In some embodiments, the computer system 101 and the display generation component 120 each have Fig. 7A and 7A to 7D The computer system 101 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. Figure 3 One or more characteristics of the display generation component 120 shown, and in some embodiments, 7A to 7D The computer system 101 and display generation component 120 shown have Fig.7A1 The computer system 101 and one or more characteristics of the display generation component 120 are shown.

[0197] exist Fig.7A1 , the display generation component 120 includes one or more internal image sensors 314a oriented toward the user's face (e.g., reference Figure 5540 described above). In some embodiments, the internal image sensor 314a is used for eye tracking (e.g., detecting the user's gaze). The internal image sensor 314a is optionally arranged on the left and right portions of the display generation component 120 to enable eye tracking of the user's left and right eyes. The display generation component 120 also includes external image sensors 314b and 314c facing outward from the user to detect and / or capture the physical environment and / or the movement of the user's hands. In some embodiments, the image sensors 314a, 314b, and 314c have reference 7A to 7D One or more characteristics of image sensor 314 are described.

[0198] exist Fig.7A1 , the display generation component 120 is illustrated as displaying an image optionally corresponding to a reference image. 7A to 7D Content is described as content displayed and / or visible via display generation component 120. In some embodiments, the content is displayed by a single display (e.g., Figure 5 In some embodiments, display generation component 120 includes a display that is combined (e.g., by the user's brain) to create Fig.7A1 The display output of the view of the content shown is two or more displays (for example, as shown in reference Figure 5 The left display panel and the right display panel described are for the user's left eye and right eye respectively).

[0199] The display generation component 120 has a corresponding Fig.7A1 The field of view of the content shown (e.g., the field of view captured by external image sensors 314b and 314c and / or visible to the user via display generation component 120, indicated by the dashed line in the top view). Because display generation component 120 is optionally a head-mounted device, the field of view of display generation component 120 is optionally the same as or similar to the user's field of view.

[0200] exist Fig.7A1 , the user is depicted as performing an air pinch gesture (e.g., with hand 704A) to provide input to computer system 101 to provide user input directed to content displayed by computer system 101. This description is intended to be exemplary and not limiting; as referenced in 7A to 7D As described, the user optionally provides user input using different mid-air gestures and / or using other forms of input.

[0201] In some embodiments, the computer system 101 is as described in reference 7A to 7D Respond to user input as described.

[0202] exist Fig.7A1In the example of , because the user's hand is within the field of view of the display generation component 120, it is visible in the three-dimensional environment. That is, the user can optionally see any part of his own body within the field of view of the display generation component 120 in the three-dimensional environment. It should be understood that 7A to 7D As shown or referenced 7A to 7D One or more or all aspects of the present disclosure described and / or described with reference to corresponding methods are optionally combined with Fig.7A1 The illustrated method is similar or implemented on the computer system 101 and the display generation unit 120 .

[0203] Figure 7B The present invention illustrates manipulation of virtual content based on input from a user of a first corresponding portion and a second corresponding portion, including rotation of the virtual content. Figure 7B , the computer system 101 detects concurrent input from hand 704A and a second input from hand 704B of pointing device 712 when attention 715 is directed to virtual content 706, and in response, initiates rotation of virtual content 706. For example, the computer system 101 optionally detects a first air gesture (e.g., detecting an air gesture based on movement of a first part of the user's body) in which hand 704A assumes a pointing gesture such as an index finger, while also detecting that hand 704B twists device 712, thereby optionally rotating device 712 axially according to the twist of device 712. In response to the twist, the computer system 101 optionally rotates virtual content 706 according to the twist. For example, the computer system optionally detects an axial rotation of 30 degrees caused by hand 704B twisting / rotating device 712, and optionally rotates virtual content 706 30 degrees along the corresponding rotation axis. In some embodiments, the axial rotation includes a negative angular amount of rotation, and virtual content 706 optionally rotates in the opposite direction. For example, if the computer system 101 detects a clockwise twist of the device 712, the computer system 101 optionally rotates the virtual content 706 in a clockwise direction around its axis of rotation. If the computer system 101 detects a counterclockwise twist of the device 712, the computer system 101 optionally rotates the virtual content 706 in a counterclockwise direction around its axis of rotation. In some embodiments, the axis of rotation corresponds to a vector extending orthogonally from a portion of a floor (e.g., a physical floor or a virtual floor) under the virtual content 706 and intersecting the center of the virtual content 706. In some embodiments, the axis of rotation is based on a corresponding portion of the virtual content. For example, the virtual content 706 is optionally a cube, and the axis of rotation is optionally an axis orthogonal to a first surface of the cube, regardless of the orientation of the cube relative to the three-dimensional environment 702. In some embodiments, the axis of rotation is an axis defined by the device 712, such as an axis extending along the length of a stick-shaped device or other device, as further described below.

[0204] In some embodiments, the computer system 101 detects input from the hand 704B instead of the movement of the device 712. For example, the computer system 101 detects an indication of a contact 714 on the housing of the device 712 provided by the hand 704B. For example, the indication optionally includes a contact of one or more fingers touching the housing of the device 712 and sliding along the housing. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the housing is touch-sensitive (e.g., a touchpad portion of the device 712). In some embodiments, the housing is non-touch-sensitive, but the device 712 and / or the computer system 101 are configured to detect a touch on the housing anyway (e.g., using one or more image sensors). In some embodiments, the magnitude and / or direction of the rotation of the virtual content 706 is based on the magnitude and / or direction of the movement of the contact 714. For example, an upward movement along the housing of a first magnitude optionally causes the virtual content 706 to rotate a corresponding amount in a first direction (e.g., clockwise) along its rotation axis, and a downward movement along the housing of a first magnitude optionally causes the virtual content 706 to rotate a corresponding amount in a second direction (e.g., counterclockwise) along its rotation axis that is different from the first direction. In some embodiments, the amount of rotation of the virtual content 706 is optionally based on the amount of time that the hand 704B contacts the surface of the device 712. For example, the longer a finger of the hand 704B contacts a portion of the housing of the device 712, the greater the amount by which the virtual content 706 is optionally rotated.

[0205] In some embodiments, visual feedback is displayed to indicate the extent of the rotation performed. For example, disk 722 is optionally displayed to intersect with virtual content 706 and / or to be at a distance (e.g., below) from virtual content 706, the disk optionally being orthogonal to the axis of rotation of virtual content 706 during the rotation manipulation operation. Disk 722 optionally has one or more characteristics of the virtual surface described with reference to method 1200. In some embodiments, disk 722 includes a plurality of visual elements (e.g., lines, notches, ellipses, and / or pill-shaped indicators) arranged radially symmetrically around the periphery of disk 722. In some embodiments, the corresponding opacity and / or brightness of a corresponding visual element in a plurality of visual elements is optionally based on the amount of rotation of virtual content 706. For example, in response to initiating a rotation, the first one or more visual elements displayed on the corresponding portion of the disk 722 closest to the user's viewpoint are displayed in a dark color and / or high opacity, and the corresponding visual elements adjacent to the first one or more visual elements are gradually lighter in color and / or more opaque as the corresponding positioning of such corresponding elements is further away from the position of the nearest corresponding visual element, so that, for example, one or more visual elements along the back of the disk 722 are optionally invisible. In response to the input of rotating the virtual content 706, the second one or more elements corresponding to the positioning related to the amount of rotation are optionally displayed in the darkest color and / or the highest opacity, and the adjacent third one or more elements are optionally displayed with a decrease in brightness and / or opacity. For example, in response to the virtual content 706 rotating 30 degrees, the corresponding notch displayed 30 degrees from the corresponding portion of the disk 722 closest to the user is optionally displayed in the darkest color and / or the highest opacity. Therefore, even if the disk 722 is circular in shape, the brightening and / or darkening of the visual elements also conveys the amount of rotation of the disk 722—and therefore conveys the virtual content 706. Thus, in addition to the rotation of virtual content 706 displayed by computer system 101, disk 722 also indicates visual feedback regarding the amount of rotation. In some embodiments, in response to termination of the rotation manipulation operation, display of disk 722 is stopped.

[0206] In some embodiments, the input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device includes pointing the first input device to the virtual content 706. For example, the hand 704B optionally points the tip of the device 712 to the corresponding part of the virtual content 706. In some embodiments, when the device 712 is oriented toward the virtual content 706, the computer system 101 displays a visual indication reflecting the pointing position of the device 712 superimposed on the virtual content 706. For example, the indication 716 is optionally displayed on the corresponding surface of the virtual content 706 at a corresponding position corresponding to the intersection between the corresponding surface of the virtual object and the vector extending from the corresponding part of the device 712 (e.g., the tip optionally centered on the axis of the housing of the device 712). In some embodiments, the visual appearance of the indication 716 optionally corresponds to the currently active tool. For example, the computer system 101 optionally displays the indication 716 with a visual appearance that optionally corresponds to an ellipse or circle having a circumference similar to the circumference of the device 712 during the rotation operation. In some embodiments, the device 712 is additionally or alternatively used to indicate the user's attention. For example, if device 712 is directed toward first virtual content other than virtual content 706 when hand 704A performs an air gesture to move the first virtual content, computer system 101 optionally translates the positioning of the first virtual content according to the movement. In such an example, if computer system 101 detects input from hand 704B pointing to device 712 while device 712 is pointing to the first virtual content, the computer system optionally performs a second manipulation operation other than moving the first virtual content.

[0207] In some embodiments, the computer system 101 optionally performs different manipulation operations based on user preferences. For example, the computer system 101 optionally stores an indication of a user preference for mapping one or more air gestures performed by the hand 704A to one or more manipulation operations. Such a mapping optionally includes a designation that if the computer system 101 detects an air gesture pointing to the virtual content 706 by the hand 704A, the computer system 101 should perform a translation of the virtual content 706. In addition, the mapping optionally also specifies that if the hand 704A performs an air pinch gesture, the rotation of the virtual content 706 should be performed. In some embodiments, the user preferences include a mapping between the corresponding air gestures of the hand 704A to the scaling, translation / movement and / or rotation operations of the corresponding virtual content. Similarly, the computer system 101 optionally stores an indication of a user preference for mapping the input of the input device 712 to one or more similar operations performed by the hand 704B and pointing to the hand 704B. For example, a sliding contact along the housing of device 712 is optionally mapped to a rotation operation, and a movement of device 712 by hand 704B is optionally mapped to a zoom operation of the corresponding virtual content. In some embodiments, computer system 101 similarly stores an indication of a user preference for a combined input including a pointing device 712 by hand 704A and / or an air gesture performed by hand 704B, similarly as described for other user preferences. For example, a rightward movement of device 712 by hand 704B optionally initiates a first operation when computer system 101 detects that hand 704A provides a first input (e.g., a first pose, movement, and / or gesture), and optionally initiates a second operation different from the first operation when computer system 101 detects that hand 704A provides a second input different from the first input (e.g., a second pose, a second movement, and / or a second gesture).

[0208] In some embodiments, computer system 101 does not provide full flexibility mapping between user preferences and hand-related inputs, but instead allows the user to perform multiple operations based on the satisfaction of criteria associated with the modality of input performed by the hand. For example, computer system 101 is optionally configured to recognize that an air pointing gesture corresponds to the initiation of zooming of corresponding virtual content, and is optionally configured to recognize an air pinch gesture as corresponding to the initiation of translating / moving of corresponding virtual content. Computer system 101 optionally maps between such inputs from the hand to corresponding manipulation functions, optionally without presenting the user with an opportunity to modify such mapping between at least one or more manipulation operations and one or more inputs based on the user's hand.

[0209] In some embodiments, the second input from hand 704B directed to virtual content 706 is performed during the first manipulation operation (eg, reference Fig. 7A4A, the computer system 101 optionally detects a second input from hand 704B that points device 712 to virtual content 706 and / or twists device 712 to initiate a rotation manipulation operation. In response to detecting the second input, the computer system 101 optionally stops the movement manipulation operation of virtual content 706. For example, when device 712 remains oriented toward virtual content 706, even if hand 704A optionally maintains an air gesture and moves in a manner that would otherwise be recognized as a request to move virtual content 706, computer system 101 optionally abandons the movement of virtual content 706. Therefore, the input of hand 704B pointing to device 712 is optionally used as a mechanism for interrupting a previously ongoing manipulation operation. As previously indirectly mentioned, in some embodiments, computer system 101 provides a grace period for detecting inputs of a corresponding part of the user's body such as hand 704B interacting with device 712 after the first manipulation operation ends. For example, computer system 101 optionally detects that a first manipulation operation (e.g., movement of virtual content 706 based on movement of hand 704A) has ceased within a threshold amount of time (e.g., 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 100, 500, or 1000 seconds) of detecting an indication of a second input to hand 704B of pointing device 712, and in response to detecting that an indication of the second input is received within the threshold amount of time, computer system 101 optionally initiates a second manipulation as if the computer system had detected concurrent input from hand 704A including an air gesture and a second input from hand 704B of pointing device 712. For example, computer system 101 optionally initiates a rotation manipulation operation regardless of temporarily not detecting maintenance of the air gesture included in the first input provided by hand 704A. Distance 718A optionally indicates the distance between a corresponding portion of hand 704A (eg, the tip of an index finger) and a corresponding portion of device 712 (eg, the tip).

[0210] Figure 7C The manipulation of virtual content based on input from a user of a first corresponding portion and a second corresponding portion including scaling of the virtual content is illustrated. Figure 7BIn addition to the described air gesture of hand 704A, computer system 101 also detects one or more inputs from hand 704B pointing to device 712 to initiate a zoom operation of virtual content 706. For example, computer system 101 optionally detects that attention 715 is directed to virtual content 706, and optionally also detects that hand 704B moves device 712 away from hand 704A. In response to the movement of device 712, computer system 101 zooms virtual content 706. In some embodiments, the magnitude of the zoom and / or the direction of the zoom are based on the corresponding position of device 712 and / or hand 704A. For example, computer system 101 optionally detects the corresponding position of a corresponding portion (e.g., fingertip) of hand 704A and optionally determines a zoom reference point before initiating the zoom of virtual content 706. For example, computer system 101 optionally determines the midpoint of distance 718A between device 712 and hand 704A, and determines the zoom amount of virtual content 706 based on the movement of hand 704A and / or device 712 away from the zoom reference point. In some embodiments, the corresponding portion of the hand includes a corresponding portion of an air gesture, such as the point at which the thumb of hand 704A touches the index finger of hand 704A in an air pinch gesture. It should be understood that any suitable corresponding portion of the user's body, alone or in combination with another corresponding portion, is optionally used to at least partially establish a zoom reference point. In some embodiments, the input corresponding to the request to zoom the virtual content 706 optionally has one or more characteristics of the input of hand 704B pointing to input device 712 described with reference to the rotational manipulation operation. For example, as an alternative to movement of device 712 away from hand 704A, computer system 101 optionally determines that hand 704A assumes an air gesture pose that includes pointing the index finger at virtual content 706, such as an air pointing pose of hand 704A, and optionally detects a sliding contact from hand 704B sliding on the device along the housing of device 712. In response, computer system 101 optionally performs a zoom operation similar to or in a manner similar to the reference operation. Figure 7B The same manner as described is used to scale the virtual content 706 based on the magnitude and direction of the sliding contact. In some embodiments, the scaling operation includes scaling the virtual content 706 to a size determined by the computer system 101, and optionally not entirely based on the movement of the device 712. For example, the computer system 101 optionally resizes the virtual content 706 to its initial size, and / or arranges the corresponding sizes of multiple virtual contents to have consistent sizes, and / or consume similar relative portions of the user's field of view (e.g., three corresponding virtual objects are displayed as each consuming approximately 30% of the user's field of view).

[0211] Fig.7D A virtual drawing or marking operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 7CFollowing the illustrated zoom operation, computer system 101 optionally detects a second user input including input from hand 704B pointing to device 712 and optionally not including input from hand 704A (not shown). For example, in response to contact 726 (e.g., contact by hand 704B on the housing of device 712), computer system 101 optionally initiates a drawing operation manipulation operation. It should be understood that alternative inputs optionally cause the initiation of the drawing operation, such as squeezing device 712, shaking device 712, double contacts on the housing of device 712 (e.g., double taps in rapid succession), multiple nearly simultaneous contacts on the housing of device 712, and / or another similar input performed by hand 704B. In response to the initiation of the drawing operation, computer system 101 initiates display of a drawing overlaid on a corresponding virtual surface of virtual content 706, such as Fig.7D 704A. In some embodiments, the second user input does not include input from hand 704A. For example, computer system 101 optionally does not detect that hand 704A is within the field of view of computer system 101, and therefore optionally forgoes consideration of input from hand 704A. In some embodiments, computer system 101 optionally determines that hand 704A has assumed an air gesture that is interpreted as an explicit request to forgo consideration of input from hand 704A and / or has not assumed a specific air pose, and therefore forgoes consideration of input from hand 704A. For example, an air pose that includes a neutral form of the hand (e.g., fingers that are generally extended with a small curl and are generally evenly spaced) is optionally interpreted by computer system 101 as a request to ignore input from hand 704A.

[0212] In some embodiments, indication 716A—which is not necessarily displayed—illustrates the initial positioning of the drawing at the beginning of the drawing operation (e.g., corresponding to Figure 7C In response to the movement of the device 712, the computer system 101 optionally displays the corresponding portion of the virtual content 706 with a label, the label including one or more user preferences based on the color of the simulated drawing tool and the path of the previous movement of the device 712. For example, as shown in FIG. Figure 7BAs described, indication 716B optionally indicates where device 712 is pointing relative to virtual content 706. As shown, computer system 101 has displayed a trail of marks caused by previous movement of device 712 toward its current position as shown by indication 716B. In some embodiments, marks made during the drawing operation are displayed as superimposed on the corresponding portion of virtual content 706. For example, computer system 101 optionally determines a drawing input corresponding to movement of device 712 from the leftmost edge to the rightmost edge of an object, and in response, optionally displays a mark extending across virtual content 706 according to the movement. When device 712 moves and / or is oriented toward a space that does not include corresponding virtual content, computer system 101 optionally further detects a request to display additional marks (e.g., maintenance of contact 726). In response to the request to display additional marks, computer system 101 optionally abandons displaying additional marks, at least because the corresponding portion of three-dimensional environment 702 corresponding to further movement of device 712 does not include corresponding content.

[0213] In some embodiments, the appearance of the mark made during the drawing operation is based on the currently selected analog drawing tool. The analog drawing tool optionally corresponds to an analog marker, a chisel-tipped highlighter, a pencil, a pen, an airbrush, a paintbrush, and / or another similar drawing tool. In some embodiments, the characteristics of the mark caused by the drawing operation are determined according to the currently selected analog drawing tool. For example, thickness, opacity, color, visual effects such as feathered edges, virtual simulation of the bristle interruption of the brush that lifts off the physical surface to cause the interruption of the mark made, and / or other suitable visual effects are optionally included in the mark caused by the drawing operation. In some embodiments, in response to determining that the hand 704B has stopped providing input to the pointing device 712 (such as stopping contact on the touch-sensitive surface of the device 712 or stopping squeezing the device 712), the computer system 101 at least temporarily stops the drawing operation. For example, the computer system 101 stops the drawing operation in response to determining that the hand 704B has stopped squeezing the device 712, and initiates the drawing operation again in response to determining that the hand 704B has started squeezing the device 712 again.

[0214] In some embodiments, computer system 101 detects input from hand 704B to modify the currently selected drawing tool. For example, sliding contact 728 optionally corresponds to contact and sliding of a corresponding portion of hand 704B along the housing of device 712. In response to sliding contact 728, computer system 101 optionally modifies the currently selected drawing tool to correspond to the next or previous drawing tool in a queue of multiple drawing tools, the last used drawing tool, and / or a user-defined drawing tool (e.g., in stored user preferences).

[0215] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8E1 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 800 for performing a virtual object manipulation operation using a corresponding part of a user's body and / or an input device according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, method 800 is performed at a computer system (e.g., computer system 101 in FIG. 1 , such as a tablet, smart phone, wearable computer, or head-mounted device), which includes a display generation component (e.g., FIG. 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 100 ) (e.g., a heads-up display, a display, a touch screen, and / or a projector) and one or more cameras (e.g., a camera pointing downward toward the user's hand (e.g., a color sensor, an infrared sensor, or other depth sensing camera) or a camera pointing forward from the user's head). In some embodiments, method 800 is performed by storing in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium and by one or more processors of a computer system, such as one or more processors 202 of computer system 101 (e.g., Figure 1A Some operations in method 800 are optionally combined, and / or the order of some operations is optionally changed.

[0216] In some embodiments, in conjunction with a display generation component (such as display generation component 120) and a first input device (such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1Method 800 is performed at a computer system (such as computer system 101) that communicates with one or more input devices of the device 712 in the display. For example, a mobile device (e.g., a tablet, a smart phone, a media player, or a wearable device) or a computer or other computer system. In some embodiments, the display generation component is a display (optionally a touch screen display) integrated with the computer system, an external display (such as a monitor, a projector, a television), or a hardware component (optionally integrated or external) for projecting a user interface or making the user interface visible to one or more users. In some embodiments, the one or more input devices include a computer system or component that is capable of receiving user input (e.g., capturing user input and / or detecting user input) and sending information associated with the user input to the computer system. Examples of input devices include a touch screen, a mouse (e.g., external), a trackpad (optionally integrated or external), a touchpad (optionally integrated or external), a remote control device (e.g., external), another mobile device (e.g., separate from the computer system), a handheld device (e.g., external), a controller (e.g., external), a camera, a depth sensor, an eye tracking device, and / or a motion sensor (e.g., a hand tracking device, a hand motion sensor). In some embodiments, the computer system communicates with a hand tracking device (e.g., one or more cameras, depth sensors, proximity sensors, touch sensors (e.g., a touch screen, a touchpad)). In some embodiments, the hand tracking device is a wearable device, such as a smart glove. In some embodiments, the hand tracking device is a handheld input device, such as a remote control or a stylus.

[0217] In some embodiments, the computer system displays (802a) a virtual object via a display generation component, such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 706 in the virtual content of method 1000 and / or 1200. For example, a virtual object is a user interface of an application, a representation of content (e.g., images, video, and / or audio), and / or a three-dimensional representation of an object (e.g., a building, a car, or an avatar, or any other object that is not present in the physical environment of the user of the computer system). For example, the virtual object is optionally visible or displayed within the user's field of view (FOV) at a location in the three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional environment is an extended reality (XR) environment or a virtual reality (VR) environment. In some embodiments, the virtual object has one or more characteristics of the virtual object of method 1000 and / or 1200. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional environment has one or more characteristics of the characteristics of the three-dimensional environment of method 1000 and / or 1200.

[0218] In some embodiments, while displaying a virtual object, the computer system detects (802b) a first user input corresponding to a manipulation of the virtual object (such as movement 710 of hand 704A) via one or more input devices. In some embodiments, the first user input includes detecting a single movement or air gesture or a sequence of movements and / or air gestures performed by one or more parts of the user (e.g., one or more hands of the user). In some embodiments, the user input additionally or alternatively includes a movement and / or air gesture or a sequence of movements and / or gestures of a first input device, such as a handheld input device that communicates with the computer system, such as a stick-like input device that the computer system can track and for which the computer system can detect a pointing direction (e.g., where the tip of the stick-like input device is pointing relative to virtual or physical content visible via the display generation component) and / or the computer system can detect input thereon (e.g., touch input from a user's hand holding the stick-like input device, such as a tap or sweep input). Additionally or alternatively, actuation of one or more physical or virtual buttons or other interactions (e.g., contact and / or movement along a touch-sensitive surface included at the computer system and / or an input device in communication with the computer system) are optionally included in the first user input.

[0219] In some embodiments, in response to detecting a first user input (802c) (e.g., in some embodiments, based on a determination that a portion of a user interacting with the virtual object and / or the first device is not within the user's FOV, the computer system abandons performance of one or more operations described below with respect to the virtual object (e.g., abandons a manipulation operation associated with the virtual object) and / or performance of one or more operations described with respect to methods 1000 and / or 1200): based on a determination that the first user input includes an air gesture detected based on movement (such as movement 710) of a first portion of a user's body (such as hand 704A) of the computer system and does not include input from a second portion of the user's body (such as hand 704B) directed to the first input device, the computer system performs (802d) a first manipulation operation with respect to the virtual object, such as movement 711 of virtual content 706. For example, the first portion of the user is optionally a hand of the user of the computer system, and the first user input optionally corresponds to detection of a pinch air gesture and / or movement of the user's hand while in a pinch hand shape in which the tips of the index finger and thumb remain in contact with each other (e.g., maintaining a pinch air gesture). In some embodiments, based on a determination that the user's attention is directed to, is currently directed to, or will soon be directed to the virtual object when the first user input is detected (e.g., within a threshold amount of time (e.g., 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, or 5 seconds)), a first manipulation operation (e.g., a scrolling operation, a zooming operation, or a translation operation) is performed. For example, the computer system optionally detects or receives an indication of a pinch air gesture performed by a first hand of the user, optionally while the user's gaze is directed to the virtual object, without detecting input from a second part of the user's body (e.g., optionally fingers of a hand opposite to the hand performing the air pinch gesture) directed to the first input device, and in response to the pinch air gesture (and optionally while maintaining the pinch gesture in the form of a pinch hand shape), movement of the first hand optionally translates the virtual object within the three-dimensional environment in accordance with the movement of the first hand (e.g., the magnitude and / or direction of the translation of the virtual object optionally corresponds to the magnitude and / or direction of the movement of the first hand). For example, the computer system optionally detects that the virtual object is moved based on the movement of the first hand, thereby discarding the following input and / or not detecting the input: such as one or more taps, sweeps, squeezes, double taps, and / or other suitable gestures directed to the first input device (e.g., a stick-shaped device) (e.g., guided via its housing). In some embodiments, the computer system can treat one or more parts of the user's body interchangeably. For example, whether the user's left hand or the user's right hand is detected as performing the above-mentioned input while the input from the opposite hand is optionally not directed to the first input device, the computer system optionally performs the same first manipulation operation.In some embodiments, the first manipulation is performed if the computer system does not detect input from the first input device, receives an indication of input from the first input device, and / or chooses to ignore input from the first input device while the user's first hand is interacting with the virtual object.

[0220] In some embodiments, the first user input includes an air gesture input detected based on movement of a first part of the user's body (such as Figure 7B Based on the determination of the movement of the hand 704B rotating the device 712 as shown in FIG. 1 and the input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device, the computer system performs (802e) a second manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation with respect to the virtual object, such as Figure 7BRotation of the virtual content 706 shown. For example, when the user's attention is optionally directed toward the virtual object, the computer system optionally detects that in addition to the user's hand engaging with the virtual object, the second part of the user of the first input device (e.g., the second hand) is also engaging with the virtual object. In some embodiments, the computer system detects the movement of the second part of the user interacting with the first input device as an input directed to the first input device. For example, the second part of the user optionally rotates, translates, moves, slides, contacts (e.g., taps) the first input device and / or applies pressure to it. As previously described, in some embodiments, the first input device is a handheld device; although the description of the first input device presented herein will involve a "stick" device or a "stick-like" device, it should be understood that this description is for simplicity and convenience and is not limited in any way. For example, the first input device is optionally a ring, a bracelet, a stylus, a ring, a glove, or any other suitable electronic device that communicates with the computer system. In addition, it should be understood that the description of the input based on the first input device such as the movement, reorientation and / or stillness of the first input device is optionally based on the input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device. For example, the computer system detects input including the user's second hand optionally maintaining a grip on the housing of the first input device to rotate the first input device. In some embodiments, if the computer system determines that a first part of the user (e.g., the first hand) engaged with the first input device and a second part of the user (e.g., the second hand) are simultaneously engaged with the virtual object, a second manipulation operation is optionally performed for the same input provided by the part of the user. For example, if the computer system detects a first set of postures, movements, and / or interactions with a virtual object from the user's hand while the first input device is not providing input (e.g., not oriented toward the virtual object, not within the user's field of view, user input has not been detected on a touch-sensitive surface included at the first input device or a mechanical button on the first input device has been actuated, or otherwise not oriented toward the first input device), the computer system optionally performs the first manipulation operation and abandons performing the second manipulation operation. However, if the computer system optionally detects the same first set of poses, movements, and / or interactions with the virtual object from the user's hand while the first input device is providing input (e.g., input via a second portion of the user pointing to the first input device) and / or otherwise pointing to the virtual object, the computer system optionally performs the second manipulation operation and optionally abandons performing the first operation. For example, when the computer system optionally detects that a wand device (e.g., a computer system having a rectangular, semi-cylindrical housing) is pointed at the virtual object, the computer system rotates the virtual object according to the movement of the hand not holding the wand device (e.g., the magnitude and / or direction of the rotation of the virtual object optionally corresponds to the magnitude and / or direction of the movement of the user's hand).On the other hand, when the computer system optionally detects that the stick device is not pointed at the virtual object, the computer system optionally translates the virtual object in space according to the movement of the hand. In some embodiments, the second manipulation operation includes not performing the first manipulation operation without further manipulating the virtual object. For example, when the stick device is optionally toward the virtual object, the movement of the user's hand and the movement of the stick device optionally do not manipulate (e.g., scale, rotate and / or transform) the virtual object, so that the user of the computer system can reposition his hand without erroneously manipulating the virtual object. Initiating the process of performing the first manipulation operation or the second manipulation operation based on the determination that the first user input includes—or does not include—the input from the first input device reduces the amount of user interaction and / or cognitive load for selecting between performing the first manipulation operation or the second manipulation operation.

[0221] In some embodiments, the corresponding amplitude of the first manipulation operation (such as movement 711) is based on the corresponding amplitude (804) of the movement (such as movement 710) of the first part of the user's body (such as hand 704A). For example, the first manipulation operation is a translation operation, a scaling operation, and / or a rotation operation based on the amount of movement of the first part of the user of the computer system (e.g., hand) relative to steps 806-814 and / or step 826 further described. In some embodiments, the amplitude of the movement of the first part of the user is determined based on the relative displacement from the initial position to the second different position. In some embodiments, the amplitude of the movement is determined relative to the corresponding part of the user's body other than the first part of the body (e.g., the user's head and / or the second part of the user's body). In some embodiments, the amplitude of the first manipulation operation is based on the user's current viewpoint, virtual object, and / or three-dimensional environment. For example, the amount (e.g., amplitude) of the virtual object scaling along one or more dimensions is optionally determined relative to the movement of the first part of the user's body and the three-dimensional environment and / or relative to the user's current viewpoint. For example, the computer system optionally detects that the first part of the user has moved a first amount to the left, and in response to the movement, scales the virtual object by the first amount (e.g., scaled up or down by 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 40%, or 50%). In some embodiments, the computer system determines the scaling polarity (e.g., up or down) of the virtual object based on the displacement direction (e.g., scaling the virtual object down in response to moving to the left and / or scaling the virtual object up in response to moving to the right). In some embodiments, the second manipulation operation has a second corresponding amplitude based on the corresponding amplitude of the movement of the second part of the user relative to the first part of the user, the virtual object, and / or the three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the second corresponding amplitude is additionally based on the movement of the first part of the user. In some embodiments, the relative movement of the first part of the user's body and / or the first input device (e.g., a stick device) is independent of the initial positioning posture (e.g., orientation) of the first input device relative to the virtual object and / or relative to the first part of the user's body. For example, movement of the stick device from a first position to a second position relative to a first part of the user's body while the stick maintains a first orientation (e.g., orthogonal and pointing toward the floor of the three-dimensional environment) optionally corresponds to a first movement amplitude, which is optionally the same as a second movement amplitude of the stick device determined based on movement from the first position to the second position while the stick maintains a second orientation (e.g., orthogonal and pointing away from the floor of the three-dimensional environment). In some embodiments, the second manipulation and / or the second corresponding amplitude has one or more characteristics of the first manipulation operation and / or the first corresponding amplitude. Manipulating virtual objects with an amplitude based on the movement amplitude reduces the user input otherwise required to cause such manipulation and improves user intuition about the manipulation to be performed.

[0222] In some embodiments, a first manipulation operation (such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 The corresponding direction of the leftward movement 710 of the virtual content 706 in FIG. 7 is based on the movement of the first part of the user's body (such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 The computer system optionally translates the virtual object upward based on the movement of the first part of the user's body (e.g., the first hand) upward relative to the user's viewpoint (e.g., vertically relative to the three-dimensional environment). In some embodiments, the corresponding direction of the first manipulation operation is positively correlated or inversely correlated with the direction of the movement of the first part of the user's body. In some embodiments, the direction of the first manipulation operation is based on the user's current viewpoint, the corresponding positioning of the virtual object, and / or the three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the second manipulation operation has a second corresponding direction different from the corresponding direction of the first manipulation operation based on the second corresponding direction of the movement of the second part of the user relative to the first part of the user, the virtual object, and / or the three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the second corresponding direction is additionally based on the movement of the first part of the user. Manipulating the virtual object in a direction based on the direction of the movement of a part of the user's body reduces the input required to cause such manipulation of the virtual object.

[0223] In some embodiments, the first manipulation operation includes movement of the virtual object relative to the three-dimensional environment, such as by Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 710 in FIG. 1 , and the second manipulation operation includes a rotation of the virtual object relative to the three-dimensional environment, such as by Figure 7B, as shown in (808) the rotation of the virtual content 706 in the user's viewpoint. For example, the first operation optionally includes the translation of the virtual object toward, away from the user's viewpoint, laterally and / or vertically relative to the user's viewpoint and the three-dimensional environment and / or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, the translation includes the movement of the virtual object outside the user's viewpoint. In some embodiments, the second manipulation operation includes the rotation of the virtual object when the corresponding part (e.g., center) of the object is maintained at the corresponding position in the three-dimensional environment. For example, the virtual object is optionally rotated along an axis orthogonal to a part of the floor (real world or virtual world) under the corresponding part (e.g., center) of the virtual object. In some embodiments, the axis is defined by the posture and / or orientation of the first input device as further described herein (e.g., in step 810). In some embodiments, if the user maintains the first posture of the first part (e.g., hand) of the user, the second manipulation operation includes the rotation of the virtual object. The first gesture optionally has one or more characteristics described with respect to step 802, and optionally includes an air pinch gesture (e.g., contact and maintaining contact between corresponding fingers of a hand), an air pointing gesture of corresponding fingers toward a virtual object, and / or an air squeeze gesture that includes determining that multiple fingers of the user are pointing toward the virtual object and moving and / or curling toward the palm of the user's hand. Moving the virtual object as part of the first manipulation operation and rotating the virtual object as part of the second manipulation operation reduces the input required to alternately select between moving and rotating the virtual object.

[0224] In some embodiments, such as Figure 7B The amount of rotation of the virtual object shown relative to the three-dimensional environment is based on input from a second part of the user's body directed toward the first input device, such as in Figure 7BThe second part of the user's body is optionally one or more fingers, a palm, a part of the user's hand, and / or another suitable part of the user's body that interacts with the corresponding part of the input device (hovering over, tapping, double-tapping, squeezing, sliding across, etc.). For example, the first input device optionally includes a surface (e.g., a portion of a housing) such as a touch-sensitive surface (such as a touchpad) or a non-touch-sensitive surface, wherein the first input device and / or the computer system are optionally configured to detect input toward the surface. In response to detecting the input toward the surface and / or receiving an indication of such input from the first input device, the computer system optionally manipulates the virtual object (e.g., rotates the virtual object) based on such input. For example, the computer system optionally rotates the virtual object in a first direction (e.g., clockwise) along the rotation axis based on a determination that the first input includes a second portion of the user's body sliding along the surface in a first direction, and optionally rotates the virtual object in a second direction (e.g., counterclockwise) along the rotation axis based on a determination that the first input includes a second portion of the user's body sliding along the surface in a second direction that is optionally different from (e.g., opposite to) the first direction. In some embodiments, the rotation axis is based on the posture of the input device relative to the virtual object (described in step 816). For example, the rotation axis is optionally parallel to an axis running parallel along a dimension of the first input device relative to the three-dimensional environment (e.g., along the barrel of the stick device). In some embodiments, the rotation axis is established in response to detecting an input (e.g., a first user input). In some embodiments, the rotation operation is based on a movement of the first input device performed by the second portion of the user's body. As described with respect to step 802, in some embodiments, the computer system detects one or more inputs of the first input device (e.g., postures, gestures, and / or movements, individually or collectively corresponding to inputs from the second portion of the user's body). Such a gesture optionally includes a rotation of a first input device (e.g., a wand) relative to the three-dimensional environment (e.g., rotation about an axis extending along the length of the input device, rotation about an axis extending perpendicular to the axis extending along the length of the input device, and / or rotation in a plane intersecting the length of the input device and running parallel to the length of the input device). In some embodiments, the input from the second portion of the user's body includes a pointing of a corresponding portion (e.g., a tip) of the input device (e.g., a wand, a glove). In some embodiments, the gesture rotates the virtual object based on the magnitude and / or direction of the gesture as described with respect to steps 804 and 806.Rotating the virtual object based on input from the second portion of the user directed toward the first input device simplifies and reduces the user input otherwise required to rotate the virtual object, and provides a more efficient, intuitive, and granular rotation operation, thereby additionally reducing erroneous input under or over rotating the virtual object.

[0225] In some embodiments, a first manipulation operation (such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 710 of the virtual content 706 in the mobile device 708) (812a) includes moving the virtual object according to a determination that one or more first criteria are satisfied, such as shown by the movement 710 (812b) (e.g., optionally in a case where the rotation of the virtual object is optionally based on whether one or more second criteria are also satisfied or optionally unrelated to whether one or more second criteria are also satisfied or in a case where the rotation of the virtual object is not like this); and (e.g., the one or more first criteria optionally include corresponding criteria satisfied according to a determination that a first posture of the first portion of the user's movement is maintained when the first portion of the movement is performed, according to a determination that a virtual or physical button has been actuated to achieve the movement, according to a determination that one or more user preferences have specified that the first manipulation operation corresponds to the movement of the virtual object, and / or some combination thereof) rotating the virtual object according to a determination that one or more second criteria are satisfied, such as shown by the virtual content 706 from Fig. 7A and FIG. 7A1 to FIG. 7B The rotation of the virtual object is shown in (812c) (e.g., optionally in the case where the translation of the virtual object is optionally based on whether the one or more first criteria are also satisfied or optionally with whether the one or more first criteria are also satisfied or in the case where it is not like this). For example, the second one or more criteria optionally include a criterion satisfied by a determination that a second posture of the first part of the user different from the first posture is maintained when moving the virtual object, a criterion satisfied by a determination that a virtual or physical button has been actuated to achieve the rotation, a criterion satisfied by one or more user preferences specifying that the first manipulation operation corresponds to a rotation of the virtual object, and / or some combination thereof.

[0226] In some embodiments, performing a second manipulation operation relative to the virtual object includes scaling the virtual object, such as by Figure 7C 812d (eg, as described with respect to steps 804, 806, 814, and 826). Providing multiple entry points into multiple manipulation operations reduces the user input required to initiate such manipulation operations.

[0227] In some embodiments, scaling the virtual object includes scaling the virtual object by a scaling amount (e.g., as described with respect to step 804), and the scaling amount is based on a first part of the user's body (such as hand 704A) and a first input device (such as Figure 7C In some embodiments, the computer system determines a relative movement (814) between a corresponding part (e.g., a tip) of the first part of the user's body and / or a corresponding part of the first input device (e.g., the tip of the device 712 shown). In some embodiments, the computer system determines a reference point from which further relative movement of the first part of the user's body and / or movement of the corresponding part of the first input device is measured. For example, the zoom operation is optionally based on the movement of the corresponding point of the first part of the user (e.g., the fingertip of the first finger) and the corresponding part of the first input device (e.g., the tip of the input device) away from the reference point. In some embodiments, the computer system determines the reference point in response to receiving input from the second part of the user's body toward the virtual object. In some embodiments, the zoom amplitude is directly and / or inversely modified based on the total amount of displacement of the first part of the user and / or the corresponding part of the first input device away from the reference point. In some embodiments, the zoom amplitude is modified nonlinearly based on the total amount of displacement. For example, the computer system optionally scales the virtual object based on a first gesture, the first gesture comprising a first portion of relative movement in a first direction (e.g., a total displacement of 0.01 cm, 0.05 cm, 0.1 cm, 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 50 cm, or 100 cm from a reference point) and a second portion of the relative movement that continuously follows the first portion of the relative movement in the first direction; the computer system optionally scales the virtual object at a first rate during the first portion of the gesture and optionally scales the virtual object at a second rate greater than the first rate during the second portion of the gesture. Scaling the virtual object based on relative movement between a first portion of the user's body and a corresponding portion of the first input device improves user intuition regarding the scaling operation and improves the granularity of the scaling operation, thereby reducing user errors when over- or under-scaling the virtual object.

[0228] In some embodiments, while displaying the virtual object via the display generation component, the computer system detects (816a) the attention of a user of the computer system via one or more input devices (such as Figure 7C In some embodiments, detecting the corresponding location of the user's attention 715) in the three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, detecting the corresponding location of the user's attention includes determining the orientation of the first input device relative to the three-dimensional environment.

[0229] In some embodiments, based on a first input device (such as device 712) having a first pose (such as Figure 7CIn response to determining that the first input device has a first pose (e.g., pointing to the virtual object), the computer system determines that the corresponding position of the user's attention is a first position (e.g., corresponding to the virtual object). In some embodiments, when the user's attention is at the first position, the computer system initiates one or more operations in response to one or more inputs toward the first position in the virtual object, and when the user's attention is at the second position and in response to the one or more inputs, the computer system abandons initiating one or more operations. In some embodiments, in response to determining that the first input device has a third posture corresponding to an orientation toward a corresponding virtual object other than the virtual object, the computer system determines that the corresponding position of the user's attention corresponds to the third position corresponding to the corresponding virtual object.

[0230] In some embodiments, based on the first input device having a second posture relative to the virtual object that is different from the first posture (such as by Fig.7D In some embodiments, the computer system determines that the orientation of the first input device does not correspond to the corresponding virtual object (e.g., the virtual object), and in response, determines that the corresponding position of the user's attention does not correspond to the corresponding virtual object (e.g., does not correspond to the second position). Detecting the user's attention based on the first input device pose provides clear physical feedback about the recipient of the user's attention (e.g., the corresponding position), thereby reducing erroneous input due to incorrect assumptions about the corresponding position of the user's attention as determined by the computer system.

[0231] In some embodiments, when the attention of a user of the computer system (such as attention 715) is detected at a corresponding position (818a) in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., as described in step 816), the corresponding position of the user's attention is a first position (such as indicated by Figure 7C7 ) and based on the determination that the first position corresponds to the first corresponding portion of the virtual object (e.g., as described in step 816), the computer system displays a visual indication of the user's attention at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object via the display generation component (such as indicated by indication 716 in FIG. 7 ) (818b). In some embodiments, the visual indication corresponds to a simulated light (e.g., a spotlight) in a direction based on the corresponding orientation of the first corresponding portion of the first input device (e.g., the tip of the stick). In some embodiments, the intensity and / or brightness of the visual indication is increased by the computer system based on the determination that the corresponding portion of the first input device is brought closer to the virtual object, and decreases when the corresponding portion of the first input device moves away from the virtual object relative to the user's viewpoint and / or the three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the visual indication changes in appearance according to the virtual outline of the first virtual object. As described with respect to step 816, in some embodiments, if the user's attention corresponds to a corresponding virtual object other than the virtual object (e.g., the first corresponding portion of the corresponding virtual object), the computer system displays the visual indication at the first corresponding portion of the corresponding virtual object and abandons displaying the visual indication at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object. In some embodiments, based on a determination that the user's attention corresponds to a corresponding portion of a corresponding virtual object (e.g., the virtual objects overlap or abut each other from the user's viewpoint), the computer system displays a visual indication of a first corresponding virtual object or a second corresponding virtual object that overlaps with the corresponding virtual object or is on the corresponding virtual object.

[0232] In some embodiments, the corresponding position of the user's attention is a second position different from the first position (such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 712 in the device), the computer system abandons (818c) displaying a visual indication of the user's attention at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object, such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 In some embodiments, the computer system displays a visual indication at a corresponding position of the three-dimensional environment that does not include the corresponding virtual object. In some embodiments, if the second position does not include the corresponding portion of the corresponding virtual object, the computer system forgoes displaying the visual indication. Displaying or forgoing displaying the visual indication based on the corresponding position of the user's attention provides visual feedback about the recipient of the user's attention, thereby reducing input that targets the wrong target of the input in the three-dimensional environment.

[0233] In some embodiments, a visual indication (such as a virtual object and a user's attention) is displayed at a first corresponding portion of the virtual object via a display generation component. Figure 7C 716), wherein the visual indication of the user's attention has a first visual appearance, such as Figure 7C The computer system detects (820a) at a first input device, via one or more input devices, an indication of a second user input different from the first user input, such as a first shape having one or more corresponding visual characteristics such as a first level of brightness, saturation, hue, a first lighting effect, a feathering effect, a blur effect, and / or opacity. Fig.7D 728 in the sliding contact. For example, the computer system optionally receives an indication from the first input device that a second user input is received at the first input device, such as an input performed as described in step 802 by a second part of the user's body directed toward the first input device, such as a tap and hold, a tap, or a swipe input on the first input device.

[0234] In some embodiments, in response to detecting an indication of a second input, the computer system updates the display of the visual indication of the user's attention to have a second visual appearance different from the first visual appearance, such as Fig.7D As shown, at the same time, the visual indication of the user's attention remains displayed at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object, such as Fig.7D 716 in the positioning (820b). For example, the second visual appearance optionally includes a second shape that is optionally different from the first shape and / or a second corresponding one or more corresponding visual characteristics that are optionally different from similar and / or the same as described relative to the first visual appearance. In some embodiments, the first visual appearance and / or the second visual appearance imitates and / or has the outline of an active simulated tool (e.g., a cursor, a paintbrush, and / or a pencil) controlled by the first input device. A modifiable visual appearance providing a visual indication predicts possible interactions performed in response to user input from the first input device and / or indicates the current state of the first input device such as an active tool of the input device, thereby reducing the likelihood that the user provides input inconsistent with the first input device.

[0235] In some embodiments, when performing a second manipulation operation, the second manipulation operation includes, for example, Figure 7BThe computer system displays (822) a visual representation of a rotation plane (such as disk 722) corresponding to the rotation operation of the virtual object shown via a display generation component. In some embodiments, the rotation operation has one or more characteristics of the rotation of the virtual object described in steps 808 to 812. In some embodiments, the visual representation of the rotation plane has one or more characteristics of the rotation plane (e.g., "disk") described relative to method 1000 and / or 1200. For example, the visual representation is optionally a disc or elliptical visual indication that is optionally displayed as intersecting or not intersecting with the virtual object (such as below the virtual object and parallel to the rotation plane of the virtual object). As mentioned herein, the visual representation is optionally a "disk" orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the virtual object. Displaying the rotation plane helps to visualize the current rotation and potential rotation of the virtual object, thereby reducing errors when the virtual object is rotated unexpectedly.

[0236] In some embodiments, a visual representation of the rotation plane (such as Figure 7B The disk 722 in Figure 7B The disk intersects (824) a corresponding portion of the virtual object of the virtual content 706 in the virtual content 706 (e.g., as described in step 822). For example, the disk optionally bisects the virtual object, or is tangent to a corresponding portion of the virtual object that is away from a second corresponding portion of the virtual object (e.g., the center) (e.g., the lowest point on the object). Displaying the rotation plane facilitates visualization of the current rotation and potential rotations of the virtual object, thereby reducing errors when the virtual object is rotated unintentionally.

[0237] In some embodiments, the first operation includes such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 A first translation (eg, move) operation of the virtual object shown, such as Figure 7B The first rotation operation of the virtual object shown, or Figure 7C The computer system optionally selects between corresponding operations (e.g., translation, rotation, and / or scaling) based on the pose and / or gesture of the first portion of the user described in step 802 and the satisfaction of one or more criteria such as the first one or more criteria described in step 812. In some embodiments, the computer system performs one or more operations (e.g., translation of the virtual object relative to the three-dimensional object and scaling of the virtual object) simultaneously and concurrently.

[0238] In some embodiments, the second operation includes such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 The second translation operation of the virtual object shown, such as Figure 7B A second rotation operation of the virtual object shown, or such as Figure 7C One or more of the second scaling operations (826b) of the virtual object shown (e.g., similar or the same as described with respect to the first operation and similar or the same as described with respect to the satisfaction of the second one or more criteria in step 812). Performing one or more operations as part of a corresponding manipulation operation reduces the input required to perform the operations separately and / or prepare to perform the operations.

[0239] In some embodiments, a first manipulation operation (such as a first input device) is performed based on input from a first part of the user's body (for example, and input from a second part of the user's body directed to the first input device has not yet been detected). Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 When the user moves (710) as shown, the computer system detects (828a) via one or more input devices a second user input from a second part of the user's body that is different from the first user input, such as in Figure 7B The hand 704B moves the device 712. For example, while performing translation of a virtual object (e.g., a first manipulation operation) with a hand (e.g., a first part) of the user, the computer system optionally detects input (e.g., a second user input) from a second part of the user's body (e.g., a second hand of the user), optionally toward the first input device.

[0240] In some embodiments, in response to detecting a second user input via one or more input devices, the user is prompted to enter a second input signal according to one or more criteria (including when the second user input includes a second input from a second part of the user's body directed toward the first input device (such as at Figure 7B Upon determining that the criterion (satisfied when the hand 704B moves the device 712) is satisfied, the computer system stops (828b) executing the first manipulation operation and executes a third manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation with respect to the virtual object (e.g., optionally the same as the second manipulation operation, and optionally different from the second manipulation operation), such as Figure 7BThe rotation of the virtual content 706 shown. For example, the computer system interrupts the execution of the translation operation previously described in response to the input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device (e.g., as described with respect to step 802), and initiates a third manipulation operation. The third operation optionally has one or more characteristics of the first manipulation operation and / or the second manipulation operation described in step 826. In some embodiments, one or more criteria include a criterion met when a second input corresponding to one or more movements, gestures, and / or postures of a second part of the user (e.g., a second hand) is detected (e.g., not toward the first input device). In some embodiments, the result of the first manipulation operation relative to the virtual object is maintained or discarded in response to initiating the third manipulation operation. For example, in response to the second user input satisfying one or more criteria, the previous scaling of the virtual object included in the first manipulation operation is maintained or discarded (e.g., the virtual object is restored to its initial size before the scaling operation was initiated). Following the maintenance or discarding of the result of the first manipulation operation, the third manipulation operation is performed using further input received from the first part of the user and / or the second part of the user directed to the first input device. In some embodiments, if the result of the first manipulation is discarded, the first user input (e.g., an air gesture detected based on the movement of the first part of the user) is used as the corresponding input for the third manipulation operation. For example, the movement of the user's hand included in the first user input is optionally used to calculate the displacement between the user's hand and the movement of the corresponding part of the first input device (e.g., the tip of the stick) to optionally determine the amplitude of the third manipulation operation. Interrupting the execution of the first manipulation operation in response to the second user input allows a seamless transition between the first manipulation and the third manipulation operation, thereby reducing the user input used to terminate the first manipulation operation and thereafter initiate the third manipulation operation.

[0241] In some embodiments, the one or more criteria include determining the first manipulation operation (such as Fig. 7A and Fig.7A1 A second user input (such as, for example, receiving a second user input) within a threshold amount of time (e.g., 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 seconds) from the movement 710 shown in FIG. Figure 7B The computer system optionally determines that the translation operation performed in response to the user's movement of the first portion of the device 712 has been initiated at a time within a threshold amount of time when the second user input is detected, and therefore initiates performance of the third manipulation operation (e.g., in a similar manner as if the translation operation was in progress when the second user input was received). Thus, in some embodiments, the computer system provides a grace period so that the user can initiate the third manipulation operation regardless of whether the first manipulation operation was initiated accidentally or intentionally.

[0242] In some embodiments, in response to detecting the second user input via one or more input devices, based on a determination that the one or more criteria are not met, the computer system abandons (830b) performing the third manipulation operation relative to the virtual object, such as in Figure 7B For example, the computer system determines that the second user input is received after a threshold amount of time, and in response, optionally abandons the third manipulation operation, and in some embodiments, initiates another manipulation operation as described with respect to step 832. Performing the third manipulation operation based on a determination that the second user input is received within a threshold amount of time of initiating the first manipulation operation reduces the user input required to initiate the third manipulation operation, such as additional mid-air gesture input from the first portion of the user.

[0243] In some embodiments, in response to detecting a first user input (832a): according to the first user input, an air gesture input is not included that is detected based on a movement of a first part of the user's body (such as movement 711 of hand 704A) and includes an input from a second part of the user's body directed to the first input device (such as movement 712 of hand 704A). Fig.7D Based on the determination of the hand 704a moving the device 712 as shown, the computer system performs (832b) a third manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation and the second manipulation operation with respect to the virtual object, such as Fig.7DThe drawing operation shown. For example, the computer system optionally detects the user input described in step 802 relative to the second part of the user's body toward the described first input device (e.g., a gesture associated with a stick device), optionally detects that the first part of the user's body (e.g., a hand) is not performing an air gesture (e.g., is static, or is not performing an air gesture or another air gesture interpreted by the computer system as triggering a corresponding air gesture of the first manipulation operation) and performs a third manipulation operation. The third manipulation operation optionally corresponds to one or more of the manipulation operations described relative to step 802. Additionally or alternatively, the third manipulation operation optionally includes a marking or drawing operation. For example, when input and / or an indication of input (e.g., contact) is detected at and / or received from the first input device, the computer system optionally creates a visual representation of a drawing in a three-dimensional environment having a shape or outline corresponding to the movement of the first input device while maintaining the input (e.g., contact) on the first input device. In some embodiments, when the computer system is receiving an indication that an input is detected at the first input device and an air gesture is not detected, the computer system displays a visual indication associated with the first input device (e.g., a virtual spotlight as described with respect to steps 816 and 818) and initiates a drawing operation based on the movement of the first input device relative to the three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, if the visual indication corresponds to a corresponding portion of the corresponding virtual object, the computer system displays a visual representation of the drawing based on the current position of the visual indication above the virtual object (e.g., at the virtual object or behind the virtual object). In some embodiments, the computer system draws based on the movement of the first input device even if the first input device is not toward the corresponding portion of the corresponding virtual object. In some embodiments, the computer system receives the same indication of the input performed by the second portion of the user toward the first input device when the air gesture is detected (e.g., as described in step 802), and in response to the same indication, initiates a second manipulation operation and abandons the execution of a third manipulation operation. Executing the third manipulation operation based on the determination that the first input does not include an air gesture reduces the user input of manually selecting and initiating the third manipulation operation.

[0244] 9A to 9F Examples of manipulating virtual objects based on input from a user's hands and / or a handheld device are illustrated according to some embodiments.

[0245] Fig. 9A The computer system 101 is illustrated as displaying a three-dimensional environment 902 via a display generation component (eg, the display generation component 120 of FIG. 1 ). Figure 6 As described above, the computer system 101 optionally includes a display generation component (e.g., a touch screen) and a plurality of image sensors (e.g., Figure 3The image sensor 314 may include one or more of: a visible light camera; an infrared camera; a depth sensor; or any other sensor that the computer system 101 can use to capture one or more images of a user or a portion of a user (e.g., one or more hands of a user) when the user interacts with the computer system 101. In some embodiments, the user interface illustrated and described below may also be implemented on a head-mounted display that includes a display generation component that displays a user interface or a three-dimensional environment to the user, and sensors that detect movement of the physical environment and / or the user's hands (such as movement interpreted by the computer system as gestures such as air gestures) (e.g., external sensors facing outward from the user), and / or sensors that detect the user's gaze (e.g., internal sensors facing inward toward the user's face).

[0246] like Fig. 9A As shown, computer system 101 captures one or more images of the physical environment (e.g., operating environment 100) surrounding computer system 101, including one or more objects (e.g., sofa 924A) in the physical environment surrounding computer system 101. In some embodiments, computer system 101 displays a representation of the physical environment in three-dimensional environment 902 or a portion of the physical environment visible via display generation component 120 of computer system 101. For example, three-dimensional environment 902 includes sofa 924A, portions of left and right walls, ceiling, and floor in the user's physical environment.

[0247] exist Fig. 9A In the embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional environment 902 includes a virtual object 904 (e.g., such as a virtual cylinder, a virtual clock, a virtual ball, a virtual car, or any other virtual object that can be manipulated), a virtual object manipulation user interface 910, and a physical object associated with the user (e.g., such as the user's left hand 906, the user's right hand, or a handheld device), as described with reference to method 1000. In some embodiments, the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 includes one or more options for manipulating (e.g., moving, scaling, and / or rotating) the virtual object 904. In some embodiments, the computer system 101 presents the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 near (e.g., below) the virtual object 904 when the user's attention 912A is directed / not directed toward the virtual object 904. Alternatively, the computer system 101 optionally presents the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 near (e.g., below) a physical object associated with the user (e.g., such as the user's left hand 906, the user's right hand, or a handheld device). The dashed box around the left hand 906 indicates an alternative example in which the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 is presented near the left hand 906.

[0248] from FIG. 9A to FIG. 9B, the computer system 101 receives input corresponding to movement of a physical object (e.g., the user's left hand 906) and / or input corresponding to movement of a virtual object 904. For example, Fig. 9B The user's left hand 906 has been relative to Fig. 9A The positioning of the left hand 906 in FIG. 1 is translated downward and to the left (as indicated by arrow 915). Based on the first input and / or the second input as described with reference to method 1000, Fig. 9B The user's virtual object 904 has been relative to Fig. 9A The positioning of the virtual object 904 in FIG. 9 is translated to the right (indicated by arrow 920). Alternatively, as illustrated by the dashed box around the left hand 906, based on Fig. 9B In some embodiments, based on the movement of the user's left hand 906, the computer system 101 optionally moves the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 corresponding to the movement of the user's left hand 906, so that the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 remains near (e.g., below) the left hand 906. Fig. 9B According to the movement of the virtual object 904 in the computer system 101, the computer system 101 moves the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 corresponding to the movement of the virtual object 904, so that the virtual object manipulation user interface 910 remains near (e.g., below) the virtual object 904.

[0249] from FIG. 9B to FIG. 9C , the computer system 101 optionally receives input corresponding to the zoom input mode 914 of the virtual object manipulation user interface 910. In addition, the computer system 101 has optionally Fig. 9C The virtual object 904 in Fig. 9B, the positioning of the virtual object 904 in the zoom input mode 914 is translated to the left (as shown by arrow 922). In some embodiments, the input corresponding to the zoom input mode 914 includes the user's attention 912A toward the zoom input mode 914. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's right hand 908 directed (e.g., pointed or oriented) toward the zoom input mode 914. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's handheld device 916 (e.g., a stick or stick-shaped device) directed (e.g., pointed or oriented) toward the zoom input mode 914. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's right hand 908 or handheld device 916 directed (e.g., pointed or oriented) toward the zoom input mode 914 when the user's attention 912B is toward the zoom input mode 914. In some embodiments, the input includes pinching on a button or touch-sensitive surface 926 of the handheld device 916 via the user's right hand 908 when the user's attention 912B is toward the zoom input mode 914. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's right hand 908 making an air pinch gesture (e.g., by the thumb and index finger of the right hand 908 moving together and touching) while the user's attention 912B is toward the zoom input mode 914. Based on receiving the input toward the zoom input mode 914, the computer system 101 updates the visual appearance of the zoom input mode 914 (as indicated by the black outline around the zoom input mode 914) as described with reference to the method 1000. In some embodiments, as indicated by Fig. 9C , the computer system 101 presents a visual indication 913 (e.g., a simulated light such as a spotlight or a colored marker) at a location on the virtual object 904, thereby indicating that the handheld device 916 is directed (e.g., pointed) to the location on the virtual object 904. In some embodiments, the computer system 101 presents a visual indication 913 at a location on the zoom input mode 914, thereby indicating that the handheld device 916 is directed (e.g., pointed) to the zoom input mode 914.

[0250] After receiving input corresponding to zoom input mode 914, computer system 101 optionally receives additional input corresponding to manipulating virtual object 904 according to zoom input mode 914 (as described with reference to method 1000). In some embodiments, the additional input includes movement of the user's right hand 908 or movement of handheld device 916. For example, as shown by arrow 930, based on Fig.9D The user's right hand 908 is relative to Fig. 9C The user's right hand 908 is positioned to move to the right, and Fig. 9C Compared to Fig.9D The computer system 101 optionally increases the size of the virtual object. For example, as shown by arrow 932, based on Fig.9D The handheld device 916 in Fig. 9C The positioning of the handheld device 916 in the embodiment moves to the right, and Fig. 9C Compared to Fig.9D In some embodiments, based on the user's right hand 908 or handheld device 916 moving to the left, the computer system 101 optionally increases the size of the virtual object. Fig. 9C Compared to Fig.9D In some embodiments, the computer system 101 optionally reduces the size of the virtual object (as described with reference to method 1000). Fig.9D The zoom input mode 914 shown moves, and manipulation of the virtual object 904 (e.g., increasing the size) according to the zoom input mode 914 continues because the user's right hand 908 or handheld device 916 has been locked in the zoom input mode 914 or engaged with the zoom input mode 914 (e.g., the user's right hand 908 is in an air pinching hand shape so that the thumb and index finger of the right hand 908 are touching, or the user's right hand 908 is pressing a button or touch-sensitive surface 926 on the handheld device 916). In some embodiments, when the user's right hand 908 or handheld device 916 is already locked in the zoom input mode 914 or engaged with the zoom input mode 914, Fig. 9C The visual appearance of the zoom input mode 914 in is updated compared to the visual appearance of the zoom input mode (by Fig.9D In some embodiments, manipulation of the virtual object 904 according to the zoom input mode 914 continues until the user's right hand 908 or the handheld device 916 is no longer engaged with the zoom input mode 914 (e.g., the user's right hand 908 releases the mid-air pinch hand shape by moving the thumb and index finger of the hand away and no longer touching, or the user's right hand 908 releases pressing on a button or touch-sensitive surface on the handheld device 916).

[0251] from FIG. 9D to FIG. 9E, the computer system 101 optionally receives input corresponding to the rotation input mode 918 of the virtual object manipulation user interface 910. In some embodiments, the input corresponding to the rotation input mode 918 includes the user's attention 912A toward the rotation input mode 918. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's right hand 908 directed (e.g., pointed or oriented) toward the rotation input mode 918. In some embodiments, the input includes the handheld device 916 directed (e.g., pointed or oriented) toward the rotation input mode 918. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's right hand 908 or the handheld device 916 directed (e.g., pointed or oriented) toward the rotation input mode 918. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's right hand 908 or the handheld device 916 directed toward the rotation input mode 918 when the user's attention 912B is toward the rotation input mode 918. In some embodiments, the input includes pinching on a button or touch-sensitive surface 926 of the handheld device 916 via the user's right hand 908 when the user's attention 912B is toward the rotation input mode 918. In some embodiments, the input includes the user's right hand 908 in an air pinch gesture when the user's attention 912B is toward the rotation input mode 918. Based on receiving input toward the rotational input mode 918, the computer system 101 updates the visual appearance of the rotational input mode 918 as described with reference to the method 1000 (as indicated by the black outline around the rotational input mode 918). Fig. 9C , the computer system 101 presents a visual indication 913 (e.g., a simulated light such as a spotlight or a colored marker) at a location on the virtual object 904, thereby indicating that the handheld device 916 is directed (e.g., pointed) to the location on the virtual object 904. In some embodiments, the computer system 101 presents a visual indication 913 at a location on the rotational input mode 918, thereby indicating that the handheld device 916 is directed (e.g., pointed) to the rotational input mode 918.

[0252] After receiving input corresponding to the rotation input mode 918, the computer system 101 optionally receives additional input corresponding to manipulating the virtual object 904 according to the rotation input mode 918 (as described with reference to method 1000). In some embodiments, the additional input includes movement of the user's right hand 908 or movement of the handheld device 916. For example, as shown by arrow 934, based on Fig.9F The user's right hand 908 is relative to Fig.9E The user's right hand 908 is positioned to the left, and Fig.9E Compared to Fig.9F The computer system 101 optionally rotates the virtual object 904 to the left or counterclockwise. For example, as shown by arrow 936, based on Fig.9F The handheld device 916 in Fig.9EThe positioning of the handheld device 916 in the embodiment moves to the left, and Fig.9E Compared to Fig.9F In some embodiments, the computer system 101 optionally rotates the virtual object 904 to the left or counterclockwise. Fig.9E Compared to Fig.9F In some embodiments, the computer system 101 optionally rotates the virtual object 904 to the right or clockwise (as described with reference to the method 1000). In some embodiments, regardless of the user's attention 912A moving away from the rotation input mode 918 (e.g., in Fig.9F 904), manipulation (e.g., rotation) of virtual object 904 continues in accordance with rotation input mode 918 because the user's right hand 908 or handheld device 916 has been locked in or engaged with rotation input mode 918. In some embodiments, when the user's right hand 908 or handheld device 916 has been locked in or engaged with zoom input mode 914, the user continues to manipulate virtual object 904 in accordance with rotation input mode 918. Fig.9E The visual appearance of the rotational input mode 918 in is updated (by Fig.9F In some embodiments, manipulation of the virtual object 904 according to the rotation input mode 918 continues until the user's right hand 908 or handheld device 916 is no longer engaged with the rotation input mode 918 (e.g., as previously described with respect to the zoom input mode).

[0253] Figure 9F1 Illustrated with Fig.9F Concepts similar and / or identical to those shown have many of the same reference numerals. It should be understood that unless otherwise indicated below, Figure 9F1 The shown 9A to 9F Elements shown with the same reference numeral have one or more or all of the same characteristics. Figure 9F1 The computer system 101 includes a display generation component 120 (or the same as the display generation component 120). In some embodiments, the computer system 101 and the display generation component 120 each have Fig.9F and 9A to 9F The computer system 101 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. Figure 3 One or more characteristics of the display generation component 120 shown, and in some embodiments, 9A to 9F The computer system 101 and display generation component 120 shown have Figure 9F1 The computer system 101 and one or more characteristics of the display generation component 120 are shown.

[0254] exist Figure 9F1 , the display generation component 120 includes one or more internal image sensors 314a oriented toward the user's face (e.g., reference Figure 5 540 described above). In some embodiments, the internal image sensor 314a is used for eye tracking (e.g., detecting the user's gaze). The internal image sensor 314a is optionally arranged on the left and right portions of the display generation component 120 to enable eye tracking of the user's left and right eyes. The display generation component 120 also includes external image sensors 314b and 314c facing outward from the user to detect and / or capture the physical environment and / or the movement of the user's hands. In some embodiments, the image sensors 314a, 314b, and 314c have reference 9A to 9F One or more characteristics of image sensor 314 are described.

[0255] exist Figure 9F1 , the display generation component 120 is illustrated as displaying an image optionally corresponding to a reference image. 9A to 9F Content is described as content displayed and / or visible via display generation component 120. In some embodiments, the content is displayed by a single display (e.g., Figure 5 In some embodiments, display generation component 120 includes a display that is combined (e.g., by the user's brain) to create Figure 9F1 Two or more displays (e.g., left and right display panels for the user's left and right eyes, respectively, as shown in FIG. 1 ) that display outputs of the views of the content shown. Figure 5 described).

[0256] The display generation component 120 has a corresponding Figure 9F1 The field of view of the content shown (e.g., the field of view captured by external image sensors 314b and 314c and / or visible to the user via display generation component 120, indicated by the dashed line in the top view). Because display generation component 120 is optionally a head-mounted device, the field of view of display generation component 120 is optionally the same as or similar to the user's field of view.

[0257] exist Figure 9F1 , the user is depicted as performing an air pinch gesture (e.g., with hand 908) to provide input to the computer system 101 to provide user input directed to content displayed by the computer system 101. This description is intended to be exemplary and not limiting; as referenced in 9A to 9F As described, the user optionally provides user input using different mid-air gestures and / or using other forms of input.

[0258] In some embodiments, the computer system 101 is as described in reference 9A to 9F Respond to user input as described.

[0259] exist Figure 9F1 In the example of , because the user's hand is within the field of view of the display generation component 120, it is visible in the three-dimensional environment. That is, the user can optionally see any part of his own body within the field of view of the display generation component 120 in the three-dimensional environment. It should be understood that 9A to 9F As shown or referenced 9A to 9F One or more or all aspects of the present disclosure described and / or described with reference to corresponding methods are optionally combined with Figure 9F1 The illustrated method is similar or implemented on the computer system 101 and the display generation unit 120 .

[0260] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10I 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 for manipulating a virtual object based on input from a user's hand and / or a handheld device according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, method 1000 is performed at a computer system (e.g., computer system 101 in FIG. 1 , such as a tablet, smart phone, wearable computer, or head-mounted device) that includes a display generation component (e.g., FIG. 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 1000) (e.g., a head-up display, a display, a touch screen, and / or a projector) and one or more cameras (e.g., a camera pointing downward toward the user's hand (e.g., a color sensor, an infrared sensor, or other depth sensing camera) or a camera pointing forward from the user's head). In some embodiments, method 1000 is performed by storing in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium and by one or more processors of a computer system, such as one or more processors 202 of computer system 101 (e.g., Figure 1A Some operations in method 1000 are optionally combined, and / or the order of some operations is optionally changed.

[0261] In some embodiments, method 1000 is performed at a computer system (such as computer system 101 in Figure 1) that communicates with a display generation component and one or more input devices. In some embodiments, the computer system has one or more characteristics of the computer system of method 800 and / or 1200. In some embodiments, the display generation component has one or more characteristics of the display generation component of method 800 and / or 1200. In some embodiments, the one or more input devices have one or more of the characteristics of the one or more input devices of method 800 and / or 1200.

[0262] In some embodiments, the computer system displays (1002a) a user interface via a display generation component, wherein displaying the user interface includes simultaneously displaying a plurality of user interfaces such as Fig. 9A A virtual object (1002b) of the virtual object 904 in the example, such as Fig. 9C A first representation (1002c) of a first input mode of a zoom input mode 914 in the embodiment of the present invention, and a ... Fig.9E A second representation (1002d) of a second input mode of the rotation input mode 918 in the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the second input mode is different from the first input mode. In some embodiments, the user interface includes a user interface or representation of an application, a representation of a content item (e.g., an image and / or video), and / or a three-dimensional representation of an object that does not exist in the computer system, the display generation component, and / or the user's physical environment. In some embodiments, the virtual object is displayed in a three-dimensional environment such as a virtual reality (VR) environment, a mixed reality (MR) environment, or an augmented reality (AR) environment. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional environment has one or more characteristics of the three-dimensional environment of method 800 and / or 1200. In some embodiments, the virtual object has one or more characteristics of the virtual object of method 800 and / or 1200. In some embodiments, the first representation of the first input mode includes a first user interface element corresponding to a move operation, a zoom operation, or a rotation operation. In some embodiments, the second representation of the second input mode includes a second user interface element corresponding to a move operation, a zoom operation, or a rotation operation.

[0263] In some embodiments, while displaying the user interface, the computer system detects (1002e) a first input via one or more input devices, the first input being a focus of attention of a user of the computer system (such as Fig. 9C and Fig.9EIn some embodiments, the first input comes from a first physical object, an air gesture, or both. In some embodiments, the first physical object includes a hand of a user of the computer system or a handheld device such as a stick, a stick-shaped device, a remote control, or a stylus. In some embodiments, the stick-shaped input device of the computer system has one or more characteristics of the stick-shaped input device of method 800 and / or 1200. In some embodiments, the user's attention is directed to the position in the user interface based on the first physical object (e.g., a stick or a stick-shaped device). For example, the user's attention toward the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode is optionally based on the first physical object (e.g., a stick or a stick-shaped device) pointing to or toward the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode. In some embodiments, the first input is an air gesture input provided by a part of the user (e.g., a hand) and points to a virtual object (e.g., because it is detected when the user's attention is directed to a representation of an input mode corresponding to a move operation, a rotation operation, or a zoom operation). In some embodiments, the air gesture input provided by the user's hand includes a pinch gesture in which the thumb and index finger of the hand move toward each other and touch. In some embodiments, the first input is an air gesture input provided by a handheld device (e.g., a stick) in the direction of a virtual object (e.g., the tip of the handheld device is pointed at the virtual object). In some embodiments, the first input includes the handheld device being at a threshold distance from the virtual object (e.g., 0.1 cm, 1 cm, 10 cm, 100 cm, 1000 cm, or 10000 cm) but oriented toward the virtual object (e.g., pointing). In some embodiments, the varying first input corresponds to different input modes. In some embodiments, the first input includes an air pinch gesture performed by the user's hand to cause a menu to be displayed in a three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the menu includes one or more corresponding representations of the corresponding input mode (e.g., options for scaling, moving, and / or rotating a virtual object). In some embodiments, the first input (e.g., an air pinch gesture) and the user's attention toward a corresponding representation (e.g., an option) in the menu correspond to selection of a corresponding input mode (such as the first input mode). In some embodiments, the first input includes the user's hand being raised, the user's hand approaching a virtual object, or the user's hand being within a threshold distance (e.g., 0.001 cm, 0.01 cm, 0.1 cm, 1 cm, 10 cm, or 100 cm) of the virtual object, causing a menu with options for scaling, moving, and / or rotating the virtual object to be displayed in the three-dimensional environment.In some embodiments, the user's hand is raised, the user's hand approaches the virtual object, or the user's hand is within a threshold distance (e.g., 0.001 cm, 0.01 cm, 0.1 cm, 1 cm, 10 cm, or 100 cm) of the virtual object when the user's attention toward the options in the menu optionally corresponds to the selection of a different input mode (such as the second input mode). In some embodiments, the first input includes the user's attention toward the virtual object for a threshold amount of time (e.g., 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 30, or 60 seconds), which causes the menu to be displayed in a three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the menu includes options for scaling, moving, and / or rotating the virtual object. In some embodiments, after the user's attention is toward the virtual object, the user's attention moves to the options in the menu for a threshold amount of time (e.g., 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 30, or 60 seconds). Therefore, the user's attention toward the virtual object and the subsequent user's attention toward the options in the menu optionally correspond to the selection of another corresponding input mode (such as the third input mode).

[0264] In some embodiments, after detecting the selection input and after a corresponding input mode for manipulating the virtual object has been selected, the computer system detects (1002f) a second input via one or more input devices, such as from Fig.9D In some embodiments, the second input (e.g., an air input gesture) is provided only by a handheld device (e.g., a wand) or a hand of the user. In some embodiments, the second input comprises pinching on a handheld device (e.g., a button of a handheld device). In some embodiments, the second input comprises moving the handheld device while pinching on a pinching handheld device (e.g., via a hand pinching on a button or touch-sensitive surface of a handheld device). In some embodiments, the second input comprises moving the hand while the hand is in a pinching hand shape. In some embodiments, the second input comprises a spread gesture in which the thumb and fingers of the user's hand are moved away from each other.

[0265] In some embodiments, in response to detecting the second input (1002g), according to the user's attention (such as Fig. 9C The computer system detects a determination of a first input when the user's attention 912A in the image is directed to a first representation of a first input mode, and the computer system generates a second input according to the first input mode (such as the input mode) according to one or more parameters of the second input (e.g., the direction, duration, speed, or other parameters of the second input). Fig. 9CIn some embodiments, based on the desired input from the handheld device or the user's hand and / or the user's attention to the first input mode, the virtual object is manipulated (e.g., scaled, rotated, or moved) based on the first input mode and the second input. In some embodiments, if the first input includes a pinch gesture while the user's attention is toward a first option in a menu (such as a zoom option), the virtual object is manipulated according to the first input mode and the second input. For example, based on the first input including a pinch gesture when the user's attention is toward the zoom option and the second input including moving the handheld device in an outward direction when pinching on a button or touch-sensitive surface of the handheld device, the virtual object is optionally enlarged according to the movement of the handheld device (e.g., where the magnitude corresponds to the magnitude of the movement of the handheld device and / or the direction corresponds to the direction of the movement of the handheld device).

[0266] In some embodiments, based on the user's attention (such as Fig.9E The computer system detects a determination of the first input when the user's attention 912A in the first input is directed to a second representation of the second input mode, and the computer system performs the operation according to the second input mode (such as the second input mode) according to one or more parameters of the second input. Fig.9E The virtual object is manipulated (1002i) in accordance with a rotation input mode 918 in the menu (e.g., the second input mode optionally having one or more characteristics of the first input mode), wherein manipulating the virtual object according to the second input mode is different from manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode. In some embodiments, based on the desired input from the handheld device or the user's hand and / or the user's attention to the second input mode, the virtual object is manipulated (e.g., scaled, rotated, or moved) based on the second input mode and the second input. In some embodiments, if the first input includes a pinch gesture while the user's attention is toward a second option in the menu (such as a rotation option), the virtual object is manipulated according to the second input mode and the second input. For example, based on the first input including a pinch gesture when the user's attention is toward the rotation option and the second input including moving the handheld device in an outward direction when pinched on a button or touch-sensitive surface of the handheld device, the virtual object is optionally rotated according to the movement of the handheld device (e.g., where the magnitude corresponds to the magnitude of the movement of the handheld device and / or the direction corresponds to the direction of the movement of the handheld device). Manipulating virtual objects based on different types of input (e.g., a user's attention and / or gestures from a physical object) provides more flexibility and options for manipulating the virtual objects, thereby improving user-device interaction.

[0267] In some embodiments, in response to detecting that the second input includes movement of a physical object associated with the user (e.g., the user's hand or a handheld device such as a stick, a stick-like device, a remote control, or a stylus) (1004a), based on a determination that the first input was detected when the user's attention was directed to a corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode (1004b), based on the movement (e.g., displacement) of the physical object associated with the user (such as by Fig.9D 930 and 932 in the figure) corresponds to the determination of the first amplitude, and the computer system manipulates (1004c) the virtual object (e.g., moves, rotates and / or scales) a second amplitude corresponding to (e.g., proportional to) the first amplitude according to the corresponding input mode. In some embodiments, the virtual object is moved (e.g., translated), rotated and / or scaled based on the amount of displacement of the physical object from the initial position to the final position. For example, based on the physical object being displaced by a first amplitude (e.g., 0.1 cm, 1 cm, 10 cm, or 100 cm), the virtual object is optionally translated (e.g., moved left, right, up or down) by a second amplitude (e.g., 0.1 cm, 1 cm, 10 cm, or 100 cm). The second amplitude is optionally the same as or different from the first amplitude. In some embodiments, the second amplitude is proportional to the first amplitude. For example, the virtual object is optionally translated by a second amplitude that is 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 10 times the first amplitude corresponding to the displacement of the physical object. In some embodiments, based on the physical object being displaced by a first magnitude, the virtual object is rotated by a second magnitude (e.g., 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 360 degrees). In some embodiments, based on the physical object being displaced by a first magnitude, the virtual object is optionally scaled by a second magnitude (e.g., increased or decreased in size by 0.5%, 1%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, or 200%). In some embodiments, based on the physical object being displaced by a first magnitude, the virtual object is rotated by a second magnitude (e.g., 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, or 360 degrees).

[0268] In some embodiments, based on the movement (e.g., displacement) of a physical object associated with the user (such as by Fig.9F and Figure 9F1934 and 936 in the figure) corresponds to a third amplitude (e.g., different from the first amplitude), the computer system manipulates (1004d) (e.g., moves, rotates, and / or scales) the virtual object according to the corresponding input mode by a fourth amplitude (e.g., different from the second amplitude) corresponding to (e.g., proportional to) the third amplitude. The fourth amplitude is optionally the same as or different from the third amplitude, as described above. In some embodiments, the fourth amplitude is proportional to the third amplitude, as described above. Manipulating virtual objects according to the amplitude of the movement of the physical object provides more flexibility and ease of use when manipulating virtual objects without the need for additional input to control the operation, thereby improving user-device interaction.

[0269] In some embodiments, in response to detecting that the second input includes movement of a physical object associated with the user (e.g., the user's hand or a handheld device such as a stick, a stick-like device, a remote control, or a stylus) (1006a), based on a determination that the first input was detected when the user's attention was directed to a corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode (1006b),...

Claims

1. A method, comprising: At a computer system in communication with a display generating component and one or more input devices including a first input device: displaying a virtual object via the display generation component; While displaying the virtual object, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input corresponding to a manipulation of the virtual object; and In response to detecting the first user input: performing a first manipulation operation relative to the virtual object based on a determination that the first user input includes an in-air gesture detected based on movement of a first part of a user's body of the computer system and does not include input from a second part of the user's body directed to the first input device; and Based on the determination that the first user input includes an air gesture input detected based on movement of the first part of the user's body and an input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device, a second manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation is performed relative to the virtual object. 2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the respective magnitude of the first manipulation operation is based on the respective magnitude of the movement of the first part of the user's body. 3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the corresponding direction of the first manipulation operation is based on the direction of the movement of the first part of the user's body. 4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first manipulation operation comprises a movement of the virtual object relative to a three-dimensional environment, and the second manipulation operation comprises a rotation of the virtual object relative to the three-dimensional environment. 5 . The method of claim 4 , the amount of the rotation of the virtual object relative to the three-dimensional environment being based on the input from the second part of the user's body directed toward the first input device.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: Performing the first manipulation operation relative to the virtual object includes: Based on a determination that one or more first criteria are satisfied, moving the virtual object; and Based on a determination that one or more second criteria are satisfied, rotating the virtual object, rotating the virtual object; and Performing the second manipulation operation with respect to the virtual object includes scaling the virtual object. 7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein scaling the virtual object comprises scaling the virtual object by a scaling magnitude, and the scaling magnitude is based on a relative movement between the first portion of the user's body and a corresponding portion of the first input device.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: When displaying the virtual object via the display generation component, detecting a corresponding location of the user's attention of the computer system in a three-dimensional environment via the one or more input devices, wherein: Based on a determination that the first input device has a first pose relative to the virtual object, the corresponding position is a first position; and Based on a determination that the first input device has a second pose relative to the virtual object that is different from the first pose, the corresponding position is a second position that is different from the first position.

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: Upon detecting the attention of the user of the computer system at the corresponding position in the three-dimensional environment: based on a determination that the corresponding location of the user's attention is the first location, and based on a determination that the first location corresponds to a first corresponding portion of the virtual object, displaying, via the display generation component, a visual indication of the user's attention at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object; as well as Based on a determination that the corresponding location of the user's attention is the second location different from the first location, displaying the visual indication of the user's attention at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object is foregone.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: detecting, at the first input device via the one or more input devices, an indication of a second user input different from the first user input while displaying, via the display generating component, the virtual object and the visual indication of the user's attention at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object, wherein the visual indication of the user's attention has a first visual appearance; as well as In response to detecting the indication of the second input, updating the display of the visual indication of the user's attention to have a second visual appearance different from the first visual appearance, while the visual indication of the user's attention remains displayed at the first corresponding portion of the virtual object.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising: When the second manipulation operation is performed, a visual representation of a rotated plane corresponding to a rotation operation of the virtual object is displayed via the display generation component, wherein the second manipulation operation includes the rotation operation.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the visual representation of the rotated plane intersects a corresponding portion of the virtual object.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The first operation includes one or more of a first translation operation of the virtual object, a first rotation operation of the virtual object, or a first scaling operation of the virtual object, and The second operation includes one or more of a second translation operation of the virtual object, a second rotation operation of the virtual object, or a second scaling operation of the virtual object.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising: while performing the first manipulation operation according to the input from the first part of the user's body, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a second user input from the second part of the user's body that is different from the first user input; as well as In response to detecting the second user input via the one or more input devices, stopping performing the first manipulation operation and performing a third manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation relative to the virtual object based on a determination that one or more criteria are satisfied, the one or more criteria including a criterion that is satisfied when the second user input includes a second input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more criteria include a criterion that is satisfied based on a determination that the second user input is received within a threshold amount of time from initiation of the first manipulation operation, the method further comprising: In response to detecting the second user input via the one or more input devices, based on a determination that one or more criteria are not satisfied, performing the third manipulation operation relative to the virtual object is abandoned.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising: In response to detecting the first user input: Based on a determination that the first user input does not include the air gesture input detected based on movement of the first part of the user's body and includes the input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device, perform a third manipulation operation relative to the virtual object that is different from the first manipulation operation and the second manipulation operation.

17. A computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, the computer system comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for: displaying a virtual object via the display generation component; While displaying the virtual object, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input corresponding to a manipulation of the virtual object; and In response to detecting the first user input: performing a first manipulation operation relative to the virtual object based on a determination that the first user input includes an in-air gesture detected based on movement of a first part of a user's body of the computer system and does not include input from a second part of the user's body directed to the first input device; and Based on the determination that the first user input includes an air gesture input detected based on movement of the first part of the user's body and an input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device, a second manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation is performed relative to the virtual object.

18. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, cause the computer system to perform a method comprising: displaying a virtual object via the display generation component; While displaying the virtual object, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input corresponding to a manipulation of the virtual object; and In response to detecting the first user input: performing a first manipulation operation relative to the virtual object based on a determination that the first user input includes an in-air gesture detected based on movement of a first part of a user's body of the computer system and does not include input from a second part of the user's body directed to the first input device; and Based on the determination that the first user input includes an air gesture input detected based on movement of the first part of the user's body and an input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device, a second manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation is performed relative to the virtual object.

19. A computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, the computer system comprising: one or more processors; Memory; means for displaying a virtual object via said display generating component; means for detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input corresponding to a manipulation of the virtual object while the virtual object is displayed; as well as Means for: in response to detecting the first user input: Based on a determination that the first user input includes an air gesture detected based on movement of a first part of a body of a user of the computer system and does not include input from a second part of the user's body directed toward the first input device, performing a first manipulation operation with respect to the virtual object; and Based on the determination that the first user input includes an air gesture input detected based on movement of the first part of the user's body and an input from the second part of the user's body directed to the first input device, a second manipulation operation different from the first manipulation operation is performed relative to the virtual object.

20. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing any one of the methods according to claims 1 to 16.

21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs include instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform any one of the methods according to claims 1 to 16.

22. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and Apparatus for carrying out any of the methods according to claims 1 to 16.

23. A method comprising: At a computer system in communication with a display generating component and one or more input devices: Displaying a user interface via the display generation component, wherein displaying the user interface includes simultaneously displaying: Virtual objects, a first representation of a first input mode for manipulating the virtual object and a second representation of a second input mode for manipulating the virtual object, wherein the second input mode is different from the first input mode; while displaying the user interface, detecting via the one or more input devices a first input, the first input being a selection input when attention of a user of the computer system is directed toward a corresponding representation of a corresponding input mode in the user interface; detecting, via the one or more input devices, a second input after detecting the selection input and after the corresponding input mode for manipulating the virtual object has been selected; as well as In response to detecting the second input: based on a determination that the first input is detected while the user's attention is directed toward the first representation of the first input mode, manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode in accordance with one or more parameters of the second input; and Based on a determination that the first input is detected when the user's attention is directed to the second representation of the second input mode, the virtual object is manipulated according to the second input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input, wherein manipulating the virtual object according to the second input mode is different from manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode.

24. The method of claim 23, the method comprising, in response to detecting that the second input comprises movement of a physical object associated with the user: Based on a determination that the first input is detected while the attention of the user is directed to the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode: Based on a determination that the amplitude of the movement of the physical object associated with the user corresponds to a first amplitude, the virtual object is manipulated to a second amplitude corresponding to the first amplitude according to the corresponding input mode; and based on a determination that the amplitude of the movement of the physical object associated with the user corresponds to a third amplitude, the virtual object is manipulated to a fourth amplitude corresponding to the third amplitude according to the corresponding input mode.

25. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 24, the method comprising, in response to detecting that the second input comprises movement of a physical object associated with the user: Based on a determination that the first input is detected while the attention of the user is directed to the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode: Based on a determination that the direction of the movement of the physical object associated with the user corresponds to a first direction, manipulating the virtual object based on the corresponding input mode in a second direction corresponding to the first direction; and Based on a determination that the direction of the movement of the physical object associated with the user corresponds to a third direction, the virtual object is manipulated based on the corresponding input mode in a fourth direction corresponding to the third direction.

26. The method of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein displaying the user interface further comprises displaying the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode in respective spatial relationships relative to a first part of the user's body.

27. The method according to claim 26, further comprising: detecting, via the one or more input devices, movement of the first part of the body of the user while displaying the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode at a first location in the user interface; as well as In response to detecting the movement of the first part of the user's body, the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode are moved away from the first position in the user interface based on the movement of the first part of the user's body.

28. The method of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein displaying the user interface further comprises displaying the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode in respective spatial relationships relative to the virtual object.

29. The method according to claim 28, further comprising: detecting movement of the virtual object via the one or more input devices while displaying the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode at a first location in the user interface; as well as In response to detecting the movement of the virtual object, the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode are moved away from the first position in the user interface according to the movement of the virtual object.

30. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the attention of the user is directed to the first representation of the first input mode based on a determination that the user's gaze is directed to the first representation of the first input mode, and the attention of the user is directed to the second representation of the second input mode based on a determination that the user's gaze is directed to the second representation of the second input mode.

31. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 30, wherein the selection input comprises input from a first input device in communication with the computer system.

32. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 31, wherein the selection input comprises input from a first part of the user's body.

33. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 32, comprising: prior to detecting the selection input when the attention of the user is directed to the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode, displaying the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode in a first visual appearance; as well as In response to detecting the selection input while the attention of the user is directed to the respective representation of the respective input mode, updating the visual appearance of the respective representation of the respective input mode to have a second visual appearance different from the first visual appearance.

34. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 33, wherein the user's attention is directed to the first representation of the first input mode based on a determination that a first input device communicating with the computer system is directed to the first representation of the first input mode, and the user's attention is directed to the second representation of the second input mode based on a determination that the first input device communicating with the computer system is directed to the second representation of the second input mode.

35. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 34, the method comprising, when displaying the user interface: while the first input device in communication with the computer system is pointed at the first representation of the first input mode, displaying a visual indication at the location of the first representation of the first input device indicating that the first input device is pointed at the first representation of the first input mode; and The visual indication indicating that the first input device is pointed at the second representation of the second input mode is displayed at the location of the second representation of the second input device while the first input device in communication with the computer system is pointed at the second representation of the second input mode.

36. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 35, wherein the selection input comprises an input detected at the first input device.

37. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, the method comprising, in response to detecting the second input: Based on a determination that the first input is detected when the user's attention is directed to the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode, the virtual object is manipulated according to the corresponding input mode in accordance with one or more parameters of the second input, wherein manipulating the virtual object according to the corresponding input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input includes translating, rotating and / or scaling the virtual object.

38. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 37, the method comprising, in response to detecting the second input: Based on a determination that the first input is detected while the user's attention is directed toward the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode, manipulating the virtual object according to the corresponding input mode in accordance with one or more parameters of the second input; and While manipulating the virtual object according to the corresponding input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input, based on a determination that the user's attention has moved away from the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode after detecting the first input, continue to manipulate the virtual object according to the one or more parameters of the second input in accordance with the corresponding input mode.

39. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 38, the method comprising, in response to detecting the second input: Determining, based on the first input, comprising detecting that the user's attention is directed toward the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode: Based on a determination that the user's attention moves away from the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode before detecting the end of the first input and the end of the first input is detected within a threshold amount of time that the user's attention moves away from the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode, manipulating the virtual object according to the corresponding input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input; and Based on determining that the user's attention moves away from the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode before detecting the end of the first input and the end of the first input is detected after the threshold amount of time that the user's attention moves away from the corresponding representation of the corresponding input mode, abandoning manipulation of the virtual object according to the corresponding input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input.

40. A method according to any one of claims 23 to 39, comprising: Before displaying the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode, detecting that the attention of the user is directed toward the virtual object; as well as When the user's attention is directed to the virtual object, the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode are displayed in the user interface based on a determination that one or more criteria are satisfied, wherein the one or more criteria include a criterion that is satisfied when a first part of the user's body is in a first posture.

41. The method of claim 40, comprising: While displaying the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode, based on a determination that the one or more criteria are no longer met, display of the first representation of the first input mode and the second representation of the second input mode is ceased in the user interface.

42. A computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, the computer system comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for: Displaying a user interface via the display generation component, wherein displaying the user interface includes simultaneously displaying: Virtual objects, a first representation of a first input mode for manipulating the virtual object and a second representation of a second input mode for manipulating the virtual object, wherein the second input mode is different from the first input mode; while displaying the user interface, detecting via the one or more input devices a first input, the first input being a selection input when attention of a user of the computer system is directed toward a corresponding representation of a corresponding input mode in the user interface; After detecting the selection input and after the corresponding input mode for manipulating the virtual object has been selected, detecting a second input via the one or more input devices; and In response to detecting the second input: based on a determination that the first input is detected while the user's attention is directed toward the first representation of the first input mode, manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode in accordance with one or more parameters of the second input; and Based on a determination that the first input is detected when the user's attention is directed to the second representation of the second input mode, the virtual object is manipulated according to the second input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input, wherein manipulating the virtual object according to the second input mode is different from manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode.

43. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, cause the computer system to perform a method comprising: Displaying a user interface via the display generation component, wherein displaying the user interface includes simultaneously displaying: Virtual objects, a first representation of a first input mode for manipulating the virtual object and a second representation of a second input mode for manipulating the virtual object, wherein the second input mode is different from the first input mode; while displaying the user interface, detecting via the one or more input devices a first input, the first input being a selection input when attention of a user of the computer system is directed toward a corresponding representation of a corresponding input mode in the user interface; After detecting the selection input and after the corresponding input mode for manipulating the virtual object has been selected, detecting a second input via the one or more input devices; and In response to detecting the second input: based on a determination that the first input is detected while the user's attention is directed toward the first representation of the first input mode, manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode in accordance with one or more parameters of the second input; and Based on a determination that the first input is detected when the user's attention is directed to the second representation of the second input mode, the virtual object is manipulated according to the second input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input, wherein manipulating the virtual object according to the second input mode is different from manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode.

44. A computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, the computer system comprising: one or more processors; Memory; means for displaying, via the display generating component, a user interface, wherein displaying the user interface comprises simultaneously displaying: Virtual objects, a first representation of a first input mode for manipulating the virtual object and a second representation of a second input mode for manipulating the virtual object, wherein the second input mode is different from the first input mode; means for detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first input while displaying the user interface, the first input being a selection input when attention of a user of the computer system is directed toward a corresponding representation of a corresponding input mode in the user interface; means for detecting a second input via the one or more input devices after detecting the selection input and after the corresponding input mode for manipulating the virtual object has been selected; as well as means for, in response to detecting the second input, performing the following operations: based on a determination that the first input is detected while the user's attention is directed toward the first representation of the first input mode, manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode in accordance with one or more parameters of the second input; and Based on a determination that the first input is detected when the user's attention is directed to the second representation of the second input mode, the virtual object is manipulated according to the second input mode in accordance with the one or more parameters of the second input, wherein manipulating the virtual object according to the second input mode is different from manipulating the virtual object according to the first input mode.

45. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing any of the methods according to claims 23 to 41.

46. ​​A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform any of the methods of claims 23 to 41.

47. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and Apparatus for performing any of the methods according to claims 23 to 41.

48. A method comprising: At a computer system in communication with a display generating component and one or more input devices: displaying a user interface including a virtual object via the display generation component; while displaying the user interface, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input directed to the virtual object, wherein the first user input comprises input from a physical object and corresponds to a request to move the virtual object; and Upon detecting the first user input: Based on a determination that the first user input satisfies one or more first criteria, moving the virtual object in accordance with the first user input with a first degree of constraint on movement of the virtual object, the one or more first criteria including a criterion that is satisfied when a position corresponding to the virtual object is within a threshold distance of the physical object; and Based on a determination that the first user input does not satisfy the one or more first criteria because the virtual object is not within the threshold distance of the physical object, move the virtual object based on the first user input with a second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object, wherein the second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object is greater than the first degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object allows three degrees of movement of the virtual object.

50. The method of any one of claims 48 to 49, wherein the first degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object allows six degrees of movement of the virtual object.

51. The method of any one of claims 48 to 50, wherein the second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object allows rotation of the virtual object.

52. A method according to any one of claims 48 to 51, the method comprising upon detecting the first user input: Based on a determination that the first user input does not satisfy the one or more first criteria because the virtual object is not within the threshold distance of the physical object, displaying a visual indication in the user interface corresponding to the second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object, the indication rotating around the object with the movement.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the visual indication moves rotationally relative to the virtual object during the first input in accordance with the movement of the virtual object.

54. A method according to any one of claims 52 to 53, wherein the first user input comprises a selection input detected from the physical object, and the movement of the virtual object is according to a portion of the first input detected after the selection input, the method further comprising: In response to detecting the selection input from the physical object, a visual appearance of the visual indication is updated according to the selection input.

55. A method according to any one of claims 48 to 54, comprising, prior to detecting the first user input: displaying, via the display generation component, the virtual object in the user interface in a corresponding spatial relationship relative to a displayed virtual surface.

56. The method of claim 55, comprising: detecting, via the one or more input devices, the first user input satisfying the one or more first criteria while displaying the virtual object in the respective spatial relationship relative to the displayed virtual surface; as well as In response to detecting the first user input, the virtual object is moved in accordance with the first user input with the first degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object.

57. A method according to any one of claims 55 to 56, comprising: detecting, via the one or more input devices, attention of the user directed toward an area of ​​the user interface associated with the displayed virtual surface while displaying the virtual object in the corresponding spatial relationship relative to the displayed virtual surface; as well as In response to detecting the user's attention directed toward the area associated with the virtual surface, displaying in the user interface a virtual element that is interactable to move the virtual surface and the virtual object relative to the user interface.

58. A method according to any one of claims 55 to 57, comprising: detecting, via the one or more input devices, a second user input corresponding to a request to rotate the displayed virtual surface while the virtual object is displayed in the corresponding spatial relationship relative to the displayed virtual surface; as well as In response to detecting the second user input, the virtual surface and the virtual object are rotated in the user interface according to the second user input.

59. The method of claim 58, comprising: Prior to detecting the second user input and while displaying the virtual object in the corresponding spatial relationship relative to the displayed virtual surface: Based on a determination that the user's attention is not directed toward an area of ​​the user interface associated with the virtual surface, and based on a determination that a position of a second physical object relative to the virtual object satisfies one or more second criteria, displaying, via the display generation component, the virtual surface including a plurality of visual indications indicating a degree of rotation of the virtual surface, wherein the plurality of visual indications are displayed at a first location along the displayed virtual surface corresponding to a current position of the second physical object relative to the virtual surface; detecting, via the one or more input devices, movement of the second physical object relative to the displayed virtual surface while the plurality of visual indications are displayed at the first location along the virtual surface; as well as In response to detecting the movement of the second physical object relative to the virtual surface, the plurality of visual indications are displayed at a second location along the virtual surface that is different from the first location and corresponds to the current position of the second physical object relative to the virtual surface.

60. The method of any one of claims 58 to 59, wherein the second user input comprises a selection input detected from the second physical object, and the rotation of the virtual object is based on a portion of the second input detected after the selection input, the method further comprising: In response to detecting the selection input in the second user input, a visual appearance of the plurality of visual indications is updated to indicate that the selection input has been detected.

61. The method according to any one of claims 55 to 60, comprising: When displaying the virtual objects in the respective spatial relationships relative to the displayed virtual surface: Based on a determination that the physical object has a first position relative to the virtual surface, displaying a visual indication in the user interface at a first location relative to the virtual surface that corresponds to the first position of the physical object relative to the virtual surface; and Based on a determination that the physical object has a second position relative to the virtual surface that is different from the first position, the visual indication is displayed in the user interface at a second position relative to the virtual surface that is different from the first position and corresponds to the second position of the physical object relative to the displayed virtual surface.

62. The method of any one of claims 55 to 61, wherein the first user input is detected when the virtual object is displayed in the corresponding spatial relationship relative to the displayed virtual surface, the method further comprising: In response to detecting the first user input satisfying the one or more first criteria, display of the virtual surface in the user interface is ceased.

63. The method of claim 62, comprising: detecting, via the one or more input devices, an end of the first user input when display of the virtual surface in the user interface is stopped; and in response to detecting the end of the first user input, redisplaying the virtual surface in the user interface, wherein the virtual object and the end of the first user input have the respective spatial relationship relative to the redisplayed virtual surface.

64. A method according to claim 63, wherein when the first user input is detected, the virtual surface has a second corresponding spatial relationship relative to the user interface, and redisplaying the virtual surface in the user interface in response to the end of the first user input includes displaying the virtual surface in the second corresponding spatial relationship relative to the user interface.

65. The method according to any one of claims 55 to 64, comprising: Upon detecting the first user input, in accordance with a determination that the first user input does not satisfy the one or more first criteria because the virtual object is not within the threshold distance of the physical object, maintaining display of the virtual surface in the user interface.

66. The method of any one of claims 55 to 65, wherein moving the virtual object with the second degree of constraint in accordance with the first user input comprises moving the virtual object based on a first simulated physical property associated with the virtual object.

67. The method of claim 66, wherein moving the virtual object with the first degree of constraint based on the first user input comprises moving the virtual object in a manner that is not based on the first simulated physical property.

68. A method according to any one of claims 48 to 67, wherein the one or more first criteria include a criterion that is satisfied when the physical object is within a field of view of a viewpoint of a user of the computer system.

69. A computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, the computer system comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for: displaying a user interface including a virtual object via the display generation component; while displaying the user interface, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input directed to the virtual object, wherein the first user input comprises input from a physical object and corresponds to a request to move the virtual object; and Upon detecting the first user input: Based on a determination that the first user input satisfies one or more first criteria, moving the virtual object in accordance with the first user input with a first degree of constraint on movement of the virtual object, the one or more first criteria including a criterion that is satisfied when a position corresponding to the virtual object is within a threshold distance of the physical object; and Based on a determination that the first user input does not satisfy the one or more first criteria because the virtual object is not within the threshold distance of the physical object, move the virtual object based on the first user input with a second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object, wherein the second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object is greater than the first degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object.

70. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, the one or more programs comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, cause the computer system to perform a method comprising: displaying a user interface including a virtual object via the display generation component; while displaying the user interface, detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input directed to the virtual object, wherein the first user input comprises input from a physical object and corresponds to a request to move the virtual object; and Upon detecting the first user input: Based on a determination that the first user input satisfies one or more first criteria, moving the virtual object in accordance with the first user input with a first degree of constraint on movement of the virtual object, the one or more first criteria comprising a criterion that is satisfied when a position corresponding to the virtual object is within a threshold distance of the physical object; and Based on a determination that the first user input does not satisfy the one or more first criteria because the virtual object is not within the threshold distance of the physical object, move the virtual object based on the first user input with a second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object, wherein the second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object is greater than the first degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object.

71. A computer system in communication with a display generation component and one or more input devices, the computer system comprising: one or more processors; Memory; means for displaying, via the display generation component, a user interface including a virtual object; means for detecting, via the one or more input devices, a first user input directed to the virtual object while displaying the user interface, wherein the first user input comprises an input from a physical object and the first user input corresponds to a request to move the virtual object; as well as Means for: upon detecting the first user input: Based on a determination that the first user input satisfies one or more first criteria, moving the virtual object in accordance with the first user input with a first degree of constraint on movement of the virtual object, the one or more first criteria including a criterion that is satisfied when a position corresponding to the virtual object is within a threshold distance of the physical object; and Based on a determination that the first user input does not satisfy the one or more first criteria because the virtual object is not within the threshold distance of the physical object, move the virtual object based on the first user input with a second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object, wherein the second degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object is greater than the first degree of constraint on the movement of the virtual object.

72. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and One or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs comprising instructions for performing any of the methods according to claims 48 to 68.

73. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs include instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform any of the methods of claims 48 to 68.

74. An electronic device, comprising: one or more processors; Memory; and Apparatus for performing any of the methods according to claims 48 to 68.

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