System for actuating tap changer
By directly integrating the motor control device and motor driver into the tap switch head and setting the signal interface to the operation center of the substation, the problem of limited cable length and signal equipment away from the transformer in the existing tap switch system is solved, and the effect of compact structure, reducing consumption and improving flexibility and safety is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202380066124.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-09-15
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-02
AI Technical Summary
Due to the limited cable length of the existing tap switch system, the switch cabinet is arranged close to the transformer, which poses safety risks, and the signal equipment and instruments are far away from the transformer, resulting in high cable consumption and high installation and signal interface setup.
The motor control device and the motor driver are directly integrated into the drive unit on the tap-off switch head, and the signal interface is set to the operation center of the substation, eliminating the switch cabinet on the transformer and reducing cable consumption.
The compact structure of the tap-off switch system is realized, reducing cable and installation costs, reducing position consumption at the transformer site, and providing operators with greater flexibility and safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN119923704A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a system for actuating at least one tap changer. Background Art
[0002] Tap changers, in particular on-load tap changers, are used for switching between winding taps of transformers without interruption. Known on-load tap changers are composed, for example, of a selector and a load changeover switch, wherein the selector is used to preselect the corresponding winding tap to be switched thereto without power, and the load changeover switch is used to actually switch the load from the previous winding tap to the preselected new winding tap. In order to perform the conversion or manipulate the corresponding structural elements, the known tap changer has a motor drive, which is usually arranged on the tap changer head on the transformer cover. The motor control device is usually installed in a switch cabinet together with the motor drive, and the switch cabinet is connected to the motor drive via a cable line. Because the cable length is limited, it is necessary to set the switch cabinet close to the transformer. Therefore, the switch cabinet is usually placed directly on the transformer housing. In addition, the switch cabinet constitutes an interface with the user or the power grid operator and has corresponding input and output terminals for signal transmission.
[0003] A disadvantage of this solution is that, due to the limited cable length, the switch cabinet is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the transformer and is therefore in a hazardous area for the operator. Another disadvantage is that the equipment and devices required for measuring, controlling and regulating technology for the power grid and requiring signals from the control device are located far from the transformer, for example in the operating area of the transformer substation or control center, so that there is a high outlay on cables from the transformer to the workplace or control center. In addition, the installation of the switch cabinet itself and the establishment of the corresponding signal interfaces are associated with a high outlay. Summary of the invention
[0004] The object of the present invention is therefore to specify an improved concept for a system for actuating a tap changer which is compact and reliable, allows simple assembly and is at the same time cost-effective.
[0005] The object is achieved by the technical solution of the independent claim. Other embodiments are the technical solutions of the dependent claims.
[0006] The improved concept is based on the idea that the components that are important for operating the tap changer are spatially arranged where they are needed. In other words, according to the improved concept, it is proposed that the electronic motor control together with the motor drive and, if present, the energy storage device together with the motor and the transmission are directly integrated into the drive unit on the tap changer head, and the signal interface for the operator is arranged in the operating center of the transformer substation, where the network control technology equipment is also located. In this way, the switch cabinet on the transformer can be completely omitted and the cable expenditure can be reduced.
[0007] According to the improved concept, a system for actuating at least one tap changer is described, the system comprising a tap changer for switching between winding taps of a regulating winding of a transformer, the tap changer having a position transmitter for detecting the current position of the tap changer. In other words, the position transmitter indicates at which winding tap of the regulating winding the tap changer is located. In addition, the system comprises a drive unit having a motor and a transmission and a control unit having at least one external signal interface.
[0008] The external signal interface is used to input and output operator signals or signals from grid control technology.
[0009] The motor is designed, for example, as a servomotor, a DC motor or a brushless DC motor.
[0010] The drive unit also comprises a motor control and a motor drive. The motor control is designed to receive the current position of the tap changer from the position transmitter and to actuate the motor in such a way that the tap changer switches from one winding tap to a new winding tap.
[0011] The control unit is configured to control the motor control device. The control is performed, for example, based on a voltage regulator that monitors the grid voltage and keeps the grid voltage within a certain rated range via switching commands to the tap changer or the control unit. Alternatively, the control unit can also be controlled by a higher-level control device, such as a control center.
[0012] By placing the motor control and the motor drive in the drive unit of the tap changer, the complete drive function is spatially arranged directly on the tap changer, which makes the system for operating the tap changer more compact and reduces the cable and installation costs. Likewise, the space costs on site at the transformer are reduced because the switch cabinet is omitted. The control unit with the external interface for the network control technology or the operator does not necessarily have to be arranged in the vicinity of the transformer, which provides the operator with more free space when selecting the position of the control unit and brings the additional advantage that the access for controlling the system is no longer located in the danger zone for the operator.
[0013] The motor control device is preferably designed as an electronic control device, in particular as a memory-programmable control device.
[0014] According to one embodiment, the tap changer has a tap changer head, by means of which the tap changer can be fixed to the housing of the transformer, and the drive unit is directly arranged on the tap changer head. The tap changer head can be designed as a flange and is located on the transformer cover, for example.
[0015] According to another embodiment, the control unit is arranged spatially separate from the tap changer and the transformer, in particular in an operating room of a transformer substation and / or a control center.
[0016] According to another embodiment, the system includes a first line for internal communication between the drive unit and the control unit. In other words, the first line is configured as a communication line. For this purpose, the drive unit and the control unit each have a communication interface. The communication interface is used to transmit a tap changer signal and to control the tap changer, and the tap changer signal is detected by a corresponding sensor in the tap changer and transmitted from the drive unit to the control unit via the first line. The sensor, for example, an end position sensor indicating when the tap changer is in an end position, a temperature sensor measuring the temperature in the tap changer, a humidity sensor measuring the humidity of the insulating oil in the tap changer, or a current sensor measuring the load current of the tap changer, transmits the corresponding measured value to the drive unit, in particular to the motor control device of the drive unit. There, the measured value is digitized and further transmitted to the control unit. The current position of the tap changer detected by the position transmitter is also transmitted via the first line.
[0017] According to another embodiment, a bus system is used for the internal communication. The advantages of using a bus system are: the possibility of exchanging data or communicating between multiple users of the system and the large spatial distances that can be achieved between the users via the bus system. Another advantage of using a bus system is the standardized communication protocol used for communication.
[0018] According to another embodiment, the system comprises a second circuit for supplying power to the drive unit.
[0019] According to another embodiment, the first line and the second line are configured as a common line. In other words, the first line and the second line can also be implemented as a mixed line.
[0020] The system thus comprises a maximum of two lines between the drive unit and the control unit on the transformer, which lines are used for communication and power supply. Thus, the cable outlay is reduced to the minimum possible.
[0021] According to another embodiment, the drive unit comprises an electrical energy store. The energy store ensures in particular that even in the event of a fault, such as a power failure or a communication interruption, a blocked switching of the tap changer is brought to a conclusion.
[0022] According to one specific embodiment, the electrical energy store is designed as a capacitor or a battery.
[0023] According to another embodiment, the tap changer comprises a mechanical spring accumulator. Here, an output shaft driven by a motor at a constant rotational speed preloads a storage spring up to a maximum point. After exceeding this maximum point, the storage spring relaxes suddenly and drives the drive shaft in a jump-like manner, which in turn actuates the corresponding contacts in order to switch the tap changer into a new position.
[0024] According to one embodiment, the system comprises a spring accumulator and / or an accumulator.
[0025] According to one embodiment, the control unit includes an input unit. In order to input data into the control unit, the input unit can be configured arbitrarily. The input unit can be configured, for example, as a local operating unit on the control unit and have a rotary wheel, a key, a connector for an external storage medium (e.g., a connector for a USB flash drive or an SD card) or a touch screen or a combination thereof arranged on the control unit. Similarly, the input unit can be configured as a mobile terminal device, for example, a tablet or a smart phone, and can be wirelessly connected to the control unit.
[0026] The control unit and the input unit may each be designed as a separate unit or as a common structural unit.
[0027] According to another embodiment, the control unit comprises an output unit for outputting data and signals about the system. The output can be carried out in any desired manner and method, for example, as a visualization on a display or as a digital or analog signal for further processing in an adjacent or superordinate system, for example, an operator system.
[0028] The control unit and the output unit may each be designed as a separate unit or as a jointly constructed unit.
[0029] According to one specific embodiment, the input unit and the output unit are designed as separate units or as a common unit.
[0030] According to one specific embodiment, the control unit, the input unit and the output unit are designed as a common unit.
[0031] According to another embodiment, the control unit can be omitted and the drive unit can be controlled directly by an adjacent or superordinate system, for example an operator system. In this case, the operator system represents the functionality of the control unit.
[0032] According to another embodiment, the system comprises at least one second tap changer for switching between winding taps of a regulating winding of a transformer, the at least one second tap changer having a second position transmitter for detecting a current position of the at least one second tap changer. In addition, the system comprises at least one second drive unit, the at least one second drive unit having a second motor and a second transmission and being assigned to the at least one second tap changer, the at least one second drive unit further comprising a second motor control device and a second motor drive, the second motor control device being configured to receive the current position of the at least one second tap changer from the second position transmitter and to actuate the second motor so as to perform a switchover of the at least one second tap changer from one winding tap to a new winding tap. In this case, the control unit is configured to actuate each motor control device of the system.
[0033] The motor control devices of the system can be actuated individually or jointly or in parallel. Depending on the application, the second tap changer can be assigned to a second transformer or to the same transformer as the first tap changer. Individual actuation of the motor control takes place, for example, in phase-shifting applications. Joint or parallel actuation of the motor control takes place, for example, when a plurality of single-phase or three-phase transformers are operated in parallel operation. In this case, each transformer has a tap changer assigned to it.
[0034] According to another embodiment, the system comprises a first, a second and a third tap changer for switching between winding taps of a regulating winding of at least one transformer, each tap changer having a position transmitter for detecting the current position of the corresponding tap changer. The system according to this embodiment also comprises a first, a second and a third drive unit, each of which has a motor and a transmission and is respectively assigned to one of the three tap changes, each drive unit also comprising a motor control device and a motor drive, each motor control device being configured to receive the current position of the corresponding assigned tap changer from the corresponding position transmitter and to actuate the corresponding motor so that the corresponding assigned tap changer is switched from one winding tap to a new winding tap. The system comprises a control unit, which is configured to actuate each motor control device of the system individually or jointly or in parallel.
[0035] According to another embodiment, the system comprises a first, a second and a third tap changer for switching between winding taps of a regulating winding of at least one transformer, each tap changer having a position transmitter for detecting the current position of the corresponding tap changer. The system according to this embodiment also comprises a first, a second and a third drive unit, each of which has a motor and a transmission and is respectively assigned to one of the three tap changers, each drive unit also comprises a motor control device and a motor drive, each motor control device is configured to receive the current position of the corresponding assigned tap changer from the corresponding position transmitter and to actuate the corresponding motor so that the corresponding assigned tap changer is switched from one winding tap to a new winding tap. According to this embodiment, one of the three motor control devices is defined as a master and is configured to jointly or individually actuate the other two motor control devices configured as slaves. The system comprises a control unit, which is configured to control the drive unit defined as the master of the system and to indirectly actuate the other two drive units configured as slaves via the control unit. The control unit is therefore designed to actuate each engine control device of the system directly or indirectly, individually or jointly or in parallel.
[0036] Further embodiments and implementations of the system follow directly from the different embodiments of the system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0037] The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings by means of exemplary embodiments. Identical components or components with the same function or having the same effect may be provided with the same reference numerals. Identical components or components with the same function may only be explained with respect to the drawing in which they first appear. It is not necessary to repeat the explanation in subsequent drawings.
[0038] In the attached figure:
[0039] Figure 1 A first embodiment of the system according to the improved solution is shown in a schematic diagram;
[0040] Figure 2 Show Figure 1 Another schematic diagram of the system in;
[0041] Figure 3 A second embodiment of the system according to the improvement is shown schematically;
[0042] Figure 4 A third embodiment of the system according to the improved solution is shown in a schematic diagram;
[0043] Figure 5 A fourth specific embodiment of a system according to this improved concept is shown in a schematic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] exist Figure 1 Detailed Description of the Invention A first embodiment of a system 1 according to the improved solution is shown in a schematic diagram.
[0045] The system 1 comprises a device for adjusting the winding tap N of the winding 3 of the transformer 4 J 、N J+1 、N J+2 ,…,N N The transformer 4 is, for example, a power transformer located in a transformer substation. For switching, the tap changer 2 has, for example, a selector (not shown) and a load changeover switch (not shown), the selector being used to preselect the corresponding winding tap N to be switched thereto without power. N , the load changeover switch is used to tap N from the previous winding J The actual load is switched to the preselected new winding tap N J+1 The tap changer 2 is fixed to a housing 10 of the transformer 4 , in particular to a transformer cover, by means of a tap changer head 9 . The tap changer head 9 is designed as a flange, for example. The drive module 6 is arranged directly on the tap changer head 9 .
[0046] The tap changer 2 further comprises a position transmitter 5 which is designed to indicate the current position of the tap changer 2, ie, the winding taps N at which the tap changer 2 is currently located. J 、NJ+1 、N J+2 ,...,N N The signal S1 is transmitted in the form of an analog or digital signal via a signal connection S1 to a motor control device 8. The signal S1 can be transmitted via a cable or wirelessly, for example via radio. The motor control device 8 is arranged in the drive unit 6 and is designed as a control device that can store programming.
[0047] The system 1 further comprises a control unit 7 which is designed to actuate a motor control device 8. For this purpose, a first line 11 is provided from the control unit 7 to the drive unit 6, which is designed as a bus communication line. The drive unit 6 or the motor control device 8 is actuated by means of a voltage regulator 22 or a higher-level control device 23, such as, for example, a control center. The drive unit 6 is supplied with power via a second line 12. The control unit 7 is installed in an operating site 21, where network control technology devices (not shown) are usually also provided.
[0048] Figure 2 Another schematic diagram shows Figure 1 The system in FIG. 1 is shown in detail here, in particular, the drive unit 6 and the control unit 7. Figure 2 In a similar way, we refer to the previous Figure 1 The description of the system 1 in FIG. 1 is omitted and only the differences and supplementary features are discussed below.
[0049] The drive unit 6 included in the system 1 thus comprises a motor 14 and a motor drive 15 and an energy storage device 16, which actuates the tap changer 2, in particular the selector and the load changeover switch, via a drive shaft 30 and a transmission 13. The motor control device 8 is designed to receive the current position of the tap changer 2 from the position transmitter 5 and to actuate the motor 14 and the motor drive 15. In addition, the drive unit 6 has an internal communication interface 17, which is designed as a bus communication interface and via which communication with the control unit 7 is realized.
[0050] Therefore, the control unit 7 also includes an internal communication interface 17, which is configured as a bus communication interface and via which communication with the drive unit 6 is realized. The energy storage device 16 of the drive unit 6 is supplied with energy via the energy supply device 20. In addition, the control unit 7 has an input unit 18, which is also configured as an output unit 18, and the operator of the system 1 can manually operate the control unit 18 and read data via the output unit. For example, the input and output unit 18 is configured as a touch screen. In addition, the control unit 7 includes an external signal interface 19, which is used to electrically input and output operator signals or signals of the grid control technology. For example, via the external signal interface 19, switching signals are input by the voltage regulator 22 and / or the superior control device 23 or the control room, and / or analog and / or digital signals are output by the sensor of the tap changer 2.
[0051] Figure 3 A second specific embodiment of the system according to this improved concept is shown in a schematic diagram. Figure 3 A possible application of a system 1 is shown, the system 1 comprising a plurality of tap changers and a plurality of transformers. Figure 3 In a similar way, we refer to the previous Figure 1 and Figure 2 The description of the system 1 in FIG. 1 is omitted and only the differences and supplementary features are discussed below.
[0052] According to this embodiment, the system 1 is used in addition to the regulating winding ( Figure 1 ) includes, in addition to the first tap changer 2 for switching between winding taps of the regulating winding of the second transformer 25, a second tap changer 24 for switching between winding taps of the regulating winding of the third transformer 27 and a third tap changer 26 for switching between winding taps of the regulating winding of the third transformer 27. Each tap changer 2, 24, 26 has a position transmitter 5 for detecting the current position of the corresponding tap changer 2, 24, 26. The system 1 also includes a first drive unit 6, a second drive unit 28 and a third drive unit 29, wherein the first drive unit is assigned to the first tap changer 2, the second drive unit is assigned to the second tap changer 24, and the third drive unit is assigned to the third tap changer 26. Each drive unit 6, 28, 29 also includes a motor control device 8 and a motor drive 15 ( Figure 2 Each motor control device 8 is designed to receive the current position of the corresponding tap changer 2 , 24 , 26 from the corresponding position transmitter 5 and to actuate the corresponding motor 14 ( Figure 2), so that the corresponding tap changers 2, 24, 26 are switched. The system 1 also includes a control unit 7, which is configured to operate each motor control device 8 of the three drive units 6, 28 and 29. For this purpose, the control unit 7 is connected to the drive units 6, 28, 29 via a communication line 11. Depending on the corresponding application, the operation can be performed individually or jointly or in parallel. Here, the number of transformers 4, 25, 27 and the tap changers 2, 24, 27 assigned to them together with the drive units 6, 28, 29 in the system 1 is not limited to a certain number of three or other numbers.
[0053] Figure 4 A third specific embodiment of a system according to this improved concept is shown in a schematic diagram. Figure 4 Another possible application of the system 1 is shown, the system 1 comprising a plurality of tap changers and a plurality of transformers. Figure 4 In a similar way, we refer to the previous Figures 1 to 3 The description of the system 1 in FIG. 1 is omitted and only the differences and supplementary features are discussed below.
[0054] This third embodiment is different from Figure 3 The second embodiment described in is different in that one of the three motor control devices is defined as a master, i.e., a master motor control device 36 that actuates the tap changer 24. The master motor control device 36 is designed to actuate the other two motor control devices 8 jointly or individually, which are designed as slaves in this case and are assigned to the tap changers 2 and 26. The system 1 also includes a control unit 7, which is designed to control the master motor control device 36 or the second drive unit 28 of the system 1 that is assigned to the tap changer 24, and to actuate the other two motor control devices 8 or the drive units 6 and 29 that are designed as slaves indirectly via the control unit. The control unit 1 is therefore designed to actuate each motor control device 8, 36 of the system 1 and thus each tap changer 2, 24, 26 directly or indirectly, individually or jointly or in parallel.
[0055] Figure 5 A fourth specific embodiment of a system according to this improved concept is shown in a schematic diagram. Figure 5 A possible application of the system 1 in a wind power plant 31 is shown. Figure 5 In a similar way, we refer to the previous Figures 1 to 4 The description of the system 1 in FIG. 1 is omitted and only the differences and supplementary features are discussed below.
[0056] Wind turbines generate electrical energy at a voltage of up to 1000 V. This voltage is then transformed to medium voltage (10 kV to 30 kV) via a transformer depending on the local power supply voltage. Figure 5 The wind power plant 31 comprises a tower 32, on which a nacelle 33 and a hub 34 with three rotor blades 35 are arranged. The nacelle 33 is also called a nacelle and comprises the components necessary for converting the rotation of the rotor into electrical energy, a transmission device and a generator (not shown). According to this embodiment, an adjustable transformer 4 of the system 1 is arranged in the nacelle 33. In other words, a transformer 4 is arranged in the nacelle 33, which transformer comprises a tap changer 2 according to the improved solution, but the tap changer is Figure 4 33. The drive unit 6 with the motor control 8 included in the system 1 is also arranged in the pod 33. The control unit 7 of the system 1 is arranged at the bottom of the tower 32 so that it can be easily reached by the operator. The communication and energy supply between the control unit 7 in the pod 33 and the drive unit 6 are ensured via two cables 11 and 12. In this embodiment or application of the system 1, the possibility of flexibly arranging the components for operating the tap changer in space, the simple structure due to the omission of the switch cabinet and the low cable expenditure are of great advantage to the operator of the wind turbine.
[0057] In summary, the improved concept describes a system for operating a tap changer which allows an extremely compact design directly on the transformer, saves costs by eliminating a switch cabinet on the transformer, is simple to construct, in particular by minimizing the cable outlay that can be achieved by a bus communication system, and offers a high degree of flexibility in terms of application.
[0058] List of reference numerals:
[0059] 1 System
[0060] 2-tap switch
[0061] 3 Adjustment winding
[0062] 4 Transformer
[0063] 5 Position transmitter
[0064] 6 drive units
[0065] 7Control Unit
[0066] 8Motor control device
[0067] 9-tap switch head
[0068] 10 Figure 4 Shell
[0069] 11 First Line
[0070] 12 Second Line
[0071] 13 Transmission
[0072] 14 Motor
[0073] 15 Motor Driver
[0074] 16 Accumulator
[0075] 17 Communication Interface
[0076] 18 input and output units
[0077] 19 signal interface
[0078] 20 Energy Supply Device
[0079] 21 Operation venues
[0080] 22 Voltage Regulator
[0081] 23Superior control device, control center
[0082] 24 Second tap changer
[0083] 25 Second Transformer
[0084] 26 Third tap switch
[0085] 27Third transformer
[0086] 28 Second drive unit
[0087] 29Third drive unit
[0088] 30 Drive shaft
[0089] 31 Wind power generation equipment
[0090] 32 Tower
[0091] 33 Pods
[0092] 34 hub
[0093] 35 rotor blades
[0094] 36 Main motor control device
[0095] N J 、N J+1 ,…N N Winding tap
[0096] S1 signal
Claims
1. A system (1) for operating at least one tap changer, the system comprising: - for the winding tap N of the regulating winding (3) of the transformer (4) N A tap changer (2) for switching between positions, the tap changer (2) having a position transmitter (5) for detecting a current position of the tap changer (2); - a drive unit (6) comprising a motor (14) and a transmission (13); a control unit (7) having an external signal interface (19), in, The drive unit (6) further comprises a motor control device (8) and a motor drive (15), wherein the motor control device (8) is configured to receive the current position of the tap changer (2) from the position transmitter (5) and to actuate the motor (14) so as to execute a tap change of the tap changer (2) from one winding tap N to another. J To the new winding tap N J+1 The conversion on The control unit (7) is designed to operate the motor control device (8).
2. The system (1) according to claim 1, wherein: the tap changer (2) has a tap changer head (9), by means of which the tap changer (2) can be fastened to a housing (10) of the transformer (4), The drive unit (6) is arranged directly on the tap changer head (9).
3. The system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 2, wherein: The control unit (7) is arranged spatially separate from the tap changer (2) and the transformer (4), in particular in an operating room of a transformer substation and / or a control center.
4. The system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein: The system (1) comprises a first line (11) for internal communication between the drive unit (6) and the control unit (7).
5. The system (1) according to claim 4, wherein: - A bus system is used for the internal communication.
6. The system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein: The system (1) comprises a second circuit (12) for supplying power to the drive unit (6).
7. The system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein: The drive unit (6) further comprises an energy accumulator (16).
8. The system (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, comprising: - for the winding tap N of the regulating winding of the transformer (4, 25) N at least one second tap changer (24) for switching between the two, the at least one second tap changer (24) having a position transmitter (8) for detecting a current position of the at least one second tap changer (24), at least one second drive unit (28), which has a motor (14) and a transmission (13) and is associated with the second tap changer (24), in, The at least one second drive unit (28) further comprises a motor control device (8) and a motor drive (15), wherein the motor control device (8) is configured to receive the current position of the at least one second tap changer (24) from the position transmitter (8) and to actuate the motor (14) so as to execute a switching operation of the at least one second tap changer (24) from one winding tap N. J To the new winding tap N J+1 The conversion on in, The control unit (7) is designed to actuate each motor control device (8) of the system (1).