Air suction type tobacco seed precision seeding device

Abstract

The invention discloses an air suction type tobacco seed precision seeding device, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural seeding machinery. The device comprises a front disc, a rear disc and a seed distribution disc, seed suction holes are evenly distributed in the circumference of the seed distribution disc, an independent seed feeding cavity and an independent seed discharging cavity are formed in the inner side of the front disc, and the seed discharging cavity is provided with a sealing ring to ensure airflow sealing performance. An adsorption cavity and a release cavity are integrated on the rear disc and connected with an adjustable negative pressure air source and a pulse positive pressure air source respectively, and airflow stability is guaranteed through a triple sealing structure. An intelligent control system is adopted, the rotating speed of the seed separating disc and whether seeds exist in the seed suction holes are monitored in real time through the photoelectric sensor, dynamic airflow compensation is achieved in combination with the pressure regulating valve and the flow sensor of the negative pressure gas circuit, and the device effectively solves the problem of flowability control of the small-particle-size seeds; the device is especially suitable for large-scale precision seeding of tobacco seedlings, and has the remarkable advantages of compact structure, low energy consumption, strong adaptability and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural sowing machinery, and in particular to an air-suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device. Background Art

[0002] In the process of tobacco planting, the seedling raising stage is the key stage to determine the quality of tobacco leaves. Traditional tobacco breeding uses manual broadcasting or extensive mechanical sowing, which makes it difficult to accurately control the number of seeds in each hole, resulting in uneven seedling density and high weak seedling rate, which directly affects the subsequent transplant survival rate and field growth uniformity. Especially for small-particle seeds such as tobacco (1,000-grain weight is only 0.08-0.1g), the traditional sowing method has the following prominent problems:

[0003] Modern tobacco seedling cultivation generally adopts tray seedling technology, which requires 1-2 seeds to be accurately sown in each hole. Tobacco seeds have a smooth surface and light texture. They are easily agglomerated during transportation due to factors such as electrostatic adsorption and mechanical friction, resulting in blockage of the seed feed tube or uneven seed supply. Existing devices lack optimized designs for the fluidity of small-particle seeds. Especially during high-speed sowing, the seed transportation efficiency is significantly reduced, and the hole problem occurs, which cannot meet the needs of large-scale seedling cultivation.

[0004] Small-size seeds such as tobacco seeds are prone to electrostatic effects during the adsorption process, which can increase the probability of seed agglomeration by 300%. Existing air-suction seeders do not fully consider the impact of electrostatic effects during design, making it easy for seeds to become blocked and unevenly distributed during the adsorption and seeding process.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention significantly improves the precision sowing ability of tobacco seeds in the seedling stage by optimizing the seed separation plate structure, the sealing system and the airflow control strategy, and provides technical guarantee for cultivating high-quality tobacco seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an air-suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device to solve the problems of poor sealing performance, inaccurate seed adsorption and release, and easy blockage of seed transportation in existing sowing devices, so as to achieve precision sowing of tobacco seeds and improve sowing efficiency and quality.

[0007] The invention provides an air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device, comprising a front plate, a rear plate, and a seed sorting plate. The seed sorting plate is evenly provided with seed suction holes in the circumferential direction. The seed sorting plate is installed between the front plate and the rear plate and passes through

[0008] The servo motor drives the rotation; the inner side of the front disc is provided with a seed discharge cavity and an upper seed cavity, and the inner side of the rear disc is provided with an adsorption cavity and a release cavity, which are respectively connected to the negative pressure air source and the positive pressure air source. When the seed suction holes of the seed separation disc pass through the adsorption cavity and the upper seed cavity, the seeds are adsorbed to the seed suction holes. When the seed suction holes of the seed separation disc pass through the seed discharge cavity and the release cavity, the seeds are released from the seed suction holes under the action of the positive pressure airflow and ejected through the seed discharge pipe. This technical solution realizes the adsorption and release of seeds through the seed suction holes evenly arranged on the seed separation disc, in cooperation with the adsorption cavity and the positive pressure cavity, thereby completing the sowing process. The servo motor drives the seed separation disc to rotate, so that the sowing process can be carried out in an orderly manner, improving the accuracy and efficiency of sowing.

[0009] Further describing the above scheme, a first sealing ring is arranged around the seeding cavity and abuts against the surface of the seed disc. The arrangement of the first sealing ring enhances the sealing performance of the seeding cavity and improves the accuracy of sowing.

[0010] Further description of the above scheme, the upper seed cavity on the inner side of the front disk is separated from the seed discharge cavity by a partition. The setting of the partition makes the seeding and seed discharge processes independent of each other and do not affect each other, which facilitates the seeds to enter the seed separation disk and ensures the stability and accuracy of the sowing process.

[0011] Further description of the above scheme: a second sealing ring and a third sealing ring are arranged on the inner side of the rear disk to abut against the surface of the seed separation disk, forming a multiple sealing structure; a fourth sealing ring is also arranged around the release chamber to abut against the surface of the seed separation disk; the fourth sealing ring is located between the second sealing ring and the third sealing ring, and the third sealing ring surrounds the adsorption chamber to seal the adsorption chamber. The third sealing ring surrounds the adsorption chamber to seal, which can effectively prevent air leakage in the adsorption chamber and ensure the stability of the negative pressure in the adsorption chamber, thereby ensuring that the seed suction hole can accurately adsorb seeds. The fourth sealing ring is located between the second and third sealing rings to seal the release chamber to prevent leakage of the positive pressure airflow and ensure that the seeds can be smoothly released from the seed suction hole under the action of the positive pressure airflow. The multiple sealing structure improves the sealing and stability of the device, and further improves the accuracy of sowing.

[0012] To further describe the above scheme, the upper seed chamber is connected to the seed inlet pipe and the hopper in sequence, providing a continuous seed supply for the device.

[0013] Further describing the above scheme, the rear disc is also equipped with a sensor, and the photoelectric sensor cooperates with the seed suction hole of the seed disc to monitor the speed of the seed disc and the position of the seed suction hole. By real-time monitoring the speed of the seed disc, the speed of the servo motor can be adjusted according to actual needs to control the sowing speed. It should be noted that the servo motor can be equipped with a transmission to drive the seed disc to rotate. Monitoring the position of the seed suction hole can ensure that the seed suction and seed discharge process are carried out in the correct position, thereby improving the accuracy and consistency of sowing.

[0014] To further describe the above scheme, a pressure regulating valve and a flow sensor are provided on the pipeline from the negative pressure gas source to the adsorption chamber, and the flow sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0015] Further description of the above scheme, a pulse solenoid valve is provided between the positive pressure air source and the release chamber, and the pulse solenoid valve can control the on and off and pulse time of the positive pressure airflow. By precisely controlling the pulse of the positive pressure airflow, the seeds can be released from the seed suction hole more accurately and sprayed onto the seedling pot.

[0016] Further describing the above scheme, an ion wind rod is installed on the front disk, and the ion wind rod acts on the seeds and the seed suction hole in the upper seed cavity. The ion wind field generated by the ion wind rod can neutralize the electrostatic charge on the surface of the seeds, effectively reduce the electrostatic adsorption between the seeds, and reduce the probability of seed agglomeration. At the same time, the ion wind field can also clean the seed suction hole to prevent seed residue and blockage.

[0017] Further description of the above scheme, the inner side of the front disc, the surface of the seed separation disc on the side of the seed suction hole, and the inner side of the seed discharge tube are all treated with a smooth coating, which is a nano coating, specifically a DLC coating, with a friction coefficient of <0.05. During the seed adsorption and seed discharge process, the nano coating can reduce the friction between the seed and the seed separation disc, improve the fluidity and adsorption efficiency of the seed. At the same time, the nano coating also has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which can extend the service life of the seed separation disc.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant beneficial effects:

[0019] Through the seed suction holes on the seed disc, the adsorption chamber and the positive pressure chamber, and the rotation driven by the servo motor, the seeds can be adsorbed and released in an orderly manner, achieving precise tobacco seed sowing, improving sowing accuracy and efficiency. The first sealing ring around the seeding chamber enhances the sealing of the seeding, prevents seed leakage, reduces waste and improves sowing accuracy. The partition between the seeding chamber on the front disc and the seeding chamber makes the seeding and seeding processes independent, ensuring sowing stability.

[0020] The photoelectric sensor monitors the speed of the seed disc and the position of the seed suction hole, and cooperates with the servo motor itself to achieve a redundant design. The servo motor speed can be adjusted in real time to ensure that the seed suction and seed discharge are carried out in the correct position, thereby enhancing the accuracy and consistency of sowing.

[0021] The pulse solenoid valve between the positive pressure air source and the release chamber can accurately control the positive pressure air flow pulse, accurately release the seeds, avoid residual or multiple release, and improve the sowing quality. Through the pulse release, the whole device has a micro-vibration effect, allowing the seeds to be better adsorbed in the seed suction hole.

[0022] The sowing accuracy of the air-suction seeding device of the present invention can reach 99.2%, while the sowing accuracy of the traditional solution is only 92%. The optimized mechanical structure and efficient intelligent control algorithm make the sowing process faster and smoother, reducing the downtime of the equipment and manual intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 , 2 An overall schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 An explosion diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the inner structure of the front disc provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the inner structure of a rear disc provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 A rear view provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 AA cross-sectional schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 A schematic cross-sectional view taken along line BB provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 An enlarged view of a local area C provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.10 Another overall schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a workflow provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Among them, the reference numerals in the figure are:

[0035] 1. Front disc; 11. Seed discharge chamber; 12. First sealing ring; 13. Seed discharge tube; 14. Partition; 15. Upper seed chamber; 2. Rear disc; 21. Adsorption chamber; 22. Release chamber; 23. Second sealing ring; 24. Third sealing ring; 25. Fourth sealing ring; 26. Negative pressure tube; 27. Blow-off tube; 3. Seed separation disc; 31. Seed suction hole; 4. Motor; 5. Hopper; 51. Seed inlet tube; 6. Sensor; 7. Ion wind rod.

[0036] The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present invention, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present invention for those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] See also Figure 1-Figure 11 As shown, the air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device provided by the present invention adopts a modular structural design, and is mainly composed of three parts: a front disc 1, a rear disc 2, and a seed separation disc 3, and the three parts are all circular in design. Seed suction holes 31 are evenly distributed on the circumferential surface of the seed separation disc 3, and the seed suction holes 31 can only absorb 1-2 tobacco seeds at a time. The seed separation disc 3 is installed between the front disc 1 and the rear disc 2 through a bearing, and is driven by a servo motor 4 to rotate at a constant speed. The speed of the servo motor 4 can be adjusted according to the sowing density requirements.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the inner side of the front disk 1 adopts a two-chamber design, and the upper seed cavity 15 is connected to the hopper 5 through the seed inlet tube 51. In some embodiments, a vibration device is provided at the bottom of the hopper 5 to effectively prevent tobacco seeds from being blocked due to electrostatic adsorption or agglomeration. In some embodiments, the seed cavity 11 and the seed tube 13 are connected by a tapered structure, and a guide cone is provided at the end of the seed tube 13 to accurately project the seeds to the target position of the seedling hole tray. A first sealing ring 12 made of elastic silicone material is installed around the seed cavity 11. The sealing ring maintains a contact pressure of 0.1-0.3 mm with the surface of the seed disc 3, which not only ensures sealing but also reduces mechanical wear.

[0041] like Figure 5As shown, the adsorption chamber 21 and the release chamber 22 are integrated on the inner side of the rear plate 2, and the two are connected to the negative pressure air source and the positive pressure air source through the negative pressure pipe 26 and the blow-off pipe 27 respectively. The negative pressure air source can provide an adjustable negative pressure of -5kPa to -15kPa through the pressure regulating valve. The positive pressure air source of the release chamber 22 can generate a pulse airflow through a pulse solenoid valve. The pulse solenoid valve adopts high-frequency response technology (response time <10ms) and supports 10-100Hz frequency adjustment. When using pulse release, the entire device will produce slight vibrations. Therefore, there is no need to install a vibration device to effectively prevent tobacco seeds from being blocked by electrostatic adsorption or agglomeration. As shown Figure 3 , 5 As shown, the rear disc 2 is also provided with a triple sealing structure: the second sealing ring 23 and the third sealing ring 24 form a negative pressure isolation zone, and the fourth sealing ring 25 independently seals the release cavity 22. All sealing rings are made of fluororubber and can withstand long-term airflow erosion.

[0042] The device is connected to the intelligent control system, and the high-precision photoelectric sensor is installed in conjunction with the seed suction hole of the seed disc to monitor the rotation speed of the seed disc 3 and the position of the seed suction hole 31 in real time. The principle is to use the photoelectric effect to convert the light signal into an electrical pulse signal, and calculate by detecting the periodic light intensity changes caused by the rotation of the seed disc, seeds, and seed suction holes. It supports three-level detection. When there is no seed in the seed suction hole 31, the voltage is 0.5-1.2V; when there is a seed in the seed suction hole 31, the voltage is 2.0-3.5V; when there is no hole area on the seed disc 3, the voltage is 4.0-5.0V. When the speed deviation is detected to exceed ±0.5%, the system automatically adjusts the drive current of the servo motor 4. The pulse solenoid valve of the positive pressure air circuit adopts closed-loop control, and accurately triggers the airflow pulse according to the position signal of the seed suction hole 31 to ensure that the seeds are released at the center of the seed cavity 11.

[0043] like Fig.10 As shown, in this embodiment, an ion wind rod 7 is installed on the front disk 1, and the ion wind rod 7 acts on the seeds and the seed suction hole 31 in the upper seed cavity 15. The ion wind field generated by the ion wind rod 7 can neutralize the electrostatic charge on the surface of the seeds, effectively reduce the electrostatic adsorption between the seeds, and reduce the probability of seed agglomeration. At the same time, the ion wind field can also clean the seed suction hole 31 to prevent seed residue and blockage. The ion wind rod 7 generates positive and negative ion flow through high-voltage ionized air, and its working process is divided into three stages:

[0044] High voltage ionization

[0045] A high-frequency, high-voltage power supply is used to form a corona discharge zone around the discharge electrode, and the air molecules are ionized into positive and negative ion pairs (N2 + O2 - wait);

[0046] Ion migration

[0047] Under the action of electric field force, ions move toward the ground electrode at a speed of 5-15m / s. Ion concentration: 10 6 -10 7 ions / cm 3 ;

[0048] Static neutralization

[0049] Positive and negative ions combine with the electrostatic charge on the seed surface, and the neutralization time constant is: <0.1 second.

[0050] It should be noted that the seed separation disc adopts an aluminum alloy substrate + DLC coating (thickness 2-3μm), with a hardness of HV>2000 and a wear resistance increased by 5 times. The inner side of the front disc 1, the surface of the seed separation disc 3 located on the side of the seed suction hole 31, and the inner side of the seed discharge tube 13 are also treated with a smooth coating. The coating is a nano coating, and specifically a DLC coating can be selected. The friction coefficient of the coating is <0.05. During the seed adsorption and seed discharge process, the nano coating can reduce the friction between the seed and the seed separation disc 3, and improve the fluidity and adsorption efficiency of the seed. At the same time, the nano coating also has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, which can extend the service life of the seed separation disc 3.

[0051] In order to have a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of the present invention, the principle thereof is further explained below in conjunction with the usage method.

[0052] During operation, several sowing devices can be fixedly installed above the assembly line, with a conveyor belt below the sowing device and breeding cups evenly placed above the conveyor belt. As the breeding cups move forward, the sowing device can start sowing.

[0053] like Fig.11 As shown, when in use, turn on the equipment, start the management system, start the servo motor, start the negative pressure source, start the photoelectric sensor, start the ion wind rod, start the conveyor belt, and the speed sensor of the conveyor belt transmits data to the central processor, which processes and issues instructions to the servo motor.

[0054] In this embodiment, the seed disc 3 rotates at a set speed, which can be 10r / s, 50r / s, 100r / s, etc. There are 10 seed holes 31 on the seed disc 3, that is, a single sowing device can sow 1000 breeding cups per second at the fastest. However, the normal speed of the conveyor belt is 25 / second. Therefore, in order to match the speed of the conveyor belt, the rotation speed of the servo motor and the seed disc 3 is 10r / s, that is: 10*10 / 25=4, and 4 seed suction holes 31 correspond to one breeding cup. Since each seed suction hole 1 can absorb 1-2 seeds, if each breeding cup only needs 1-2 seeds, the positive pressure air source solenoid valve only needs to spray one of the seed suction holes 31 with seeds. It should be noted that the location where the photoelectric sensor is installed is more than 2 holes away from the release chamber 22 to ensure that the photoelectric sensor has enough time to send the detection results to the central sensor.

[0055] The specific working process is as follows: when the seed suction hole 31 enters the adsorption chamber 21 area, the seed suction hole 31 adsorbs seeds under the action of negative pressure. When the seed suction hole 31 rotates to the photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric sensor transmits the voltage value to the central processor. When there are no seeds in the seed suction hole 31, the voltage output by the photoelectric sensor is 0.5-1.2V; when there are seeds in the seed suction hole 31, the voltage output by the photoelectric sensor is 2.0-3.5V; when there is no hole area in the seed disc 3, the voltage output by the photoelectric sensor is 4.0-5.0V. When some seed suction holes 31 fail to adsorb seeds, they will be adsorbed again when they enter the upper seed chamber 15 for the second time. If all the seed suction holes 31 have not been able to adsorb seeds, the device will alarm. At this time, it may be because the seeds in the upper seed chamber 15 have been used up, or there are other faults such as sensors.

[0056] When the seed suction hole 31 rotates to the seed discharging chamber 11, the pulse solenoid valve opens the positive pressure airflow according to the demand of the central processor, and the pressure can be selected to be 0.2MPa. The seeds are separated from the seed suction hole 31 under the impact of the airflow and injected into the seedling hole tray through the seed discharging tube 13.

[0057] With this technical solution, only one of the four seed suction holes 31 needs to absorb seeds to successfully sow. Of course, increasing the rotation speed of the seed separation disc 3 or reducing the speed of the sowing cup conveyor belt can also improve its success rate. For example, if one of the ten holes has seeds absorbed, sowing can still be successful. Its parameters can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0058] The entire sowing process realizes full-process control from seed adsorption, cleaning to precise release, and the sowing accuracy can reach more than 99.2%. Through multiple sowing devices and a conveyor belt, the sowing efficiency can be greatly improved. It should be noted that in some embodiments, if each breeding cup requires multiple seeds, a continuous positive pressure airflow can be used to offset the seed cavity without the need to install a pulse solenoid valve. In addition to being used on tobacco seeds, the device can also change the seed suction hole 31 of the seed separation plate 3 for sowing other seeds.

[0059] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the present invention. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed by the present invention. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are indicated by the claims above.

[0060] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exact construction that has been described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. Air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device, characterized by: The invention comprises a front disc (1), a rear disc (2), and a seed sorting disc (3). The seed sorting disc (3) is evenly provided with seed suction holes (31) on its circumference. The seed sorting disc (3) is installed between the front disc (1) and the rear disc (2) and is driven to rotate by a servo motor (4). The inner side of the front disc (1) is provided with a seed discharge cavity (11) and an upper seed discharge cavity (15). The inner side of the rear disc (2) is provided with an adsorption cavity (21) and a release cavity (22). The adsorption cavity (21) and the release cavity (22) are respectively connected to a negative pressure air source and a positive pressure air source. When the seed suction holes (31) of the seed sorting disc (3) pass through the adsorption cavity (21) and the upper seed discharge cavity (15), the seeds are adsorbed to the seed suction holes (31). When the seed suction holes (31) of the seed sorting disc (3) pass through the seed discharge cavity (11) and the release cavity (22), the seeds are released from the seed suction holes (31) under the action of the positive pressure airflow and sprayed out through a seed discharge pipe (13).

2. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first sealing ring (12) is arranged around the seed discharging cavity (11) and abuts against the surface of the seed discharging disc (3).

3. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper seed cavity (15) inside the front disc (1) is separated from the seed cavity (11) by a partition plate (14).

4. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second sealing ring (23) and a third sealing ring (24) are arranged on the inner side of the rear disc (2) and are in contact with the surface of the sorting disc (3); a fourth sealing ring (25) is also arranged around the release chamber (22) and is in contact with the surface of the sorting disc (3); the fourth sealing ring (25) is located between the second sealing ring (23) and the third sealing ring (24); the third sealing ring (24) surrounds the adsorption chamber (21) and seals the adsorption chamber (21).

5. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper seed cavity (15) is connected to the seed inlet pipe (51) and the hopper (5) in sequence.

6. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear disc (2) is also equipped with a sensor (6), and the photoelectric sensor (6) cooperates with the seed suction hole (31) of the seed separation disc (3) to monitor the speed of the seed separation disc (3) and the position of the seed suction hole (31).

7. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pressure regulating valve and a flow sensor are provided on the pipeline from the negative pressure gas source to the adsorption chamber (21), and the flow sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

8. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A pulse electromagnetic valve is provided between the positive pressure gas source and the release chamber (22).

9. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An ion wind rod (7) is installed on the front disk (1), and the ion wind rod (7) acts on the seeds and the seed suction holes in the upper seed cavity (15).

10. The air suction type tobacco seed precision sowing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the front disc (1), the surface of the seed separation disc (3) located on one side of the seed suction hole (31), and the inner side of the seed discharge tube (13) are all treated with a smooth coating.

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