Rice seedling raising substrate formula and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling raising, in particular to a rice seedling raising substrate formula and a preparation method thereof.The rice seedling raising substrate formula comprises 20%-60% of charcoal, 10%-30% of mushroom bran, 15%-40% of composted rice straw, 5%-20% of composted cow dung, 2%-8% of rice straw (uncomposted) and 2%-10% of corn straw (uncomposted). The device comprises the steps of S1, pre-crushing, sterilization and disinfection treatment, S3, stirring and mixing, S4, discharging and traying, and further comprises a base, a conveying part and a shell are installed at the top end of the base, and a seedling raising tray is placed on the conveying part. According to the preparation device, various matrix materials can be fed into the mixing tank according to a preset proportion to be efficiently stirred and mixed, key pretreatment steps of pre-crushing and sterilization and disinfection can be directly completed in the preparation device when undecomposed straws are used as the matrix materials, an additional crushing device is not needed, and the cost is reduced. Therefore, the overall preparation efficiency and preparation quality of the seedling raising substrate are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rice seedling cultivation, and in particular to a rice seedling cultivation substrate formula and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The definition of rice seedling cultivation refers to the process of processing rice seeds and then cultivating them under specific environmental conditions until they grow into seedlings suitable for transplanting. This process includes multiple steps such as seed soaking, germination, sowing, and management. It aims to allow rice seeds to germinate and grow under the best conditions, laying a good foundation for subsequent transplanting and field growth. At the same time, the rice seedling medium is an indispensable and important material in rice seedling cultivation, and its preparation process is particularly important. The seedling medium not only provides the necessary nutrients and water for the seedlings, but also affects the root development and overall growth of the seedlings.

[0003] Most of the existing methods for preparing seedling substrates are to put the required substrate materials into a preparation device in a certain proportion for mixing, so as to obtain the required substrate product. However, when using uncomposted rice straw or corn straw and other materials as substrate materials, this preparation process has some problems. Specifically, the existing seedling substrate preparation devices often lack pretreatment functions, which means that before using these straw materials, the staff must rely on additional crushing devices to pre-crush them and then transport them, which undoubtedly increases the complexity and time cost of the operation and reduces the overall preparation efficiency of the seedling substrate. In addition, since straw materials are prone to carry harmful organisms such as parasite eggs, microorganisms and bacteria in their natural state, and most of the existing crushing devices do not have the function of killing these microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs, therefore, if the straw materials are directly used for substrate mixing after crushing, the final prepared seedling substrate may contain these harmful organisms, thereby reducing the preparation quality of the seedling substrate and having a negative impact on the seedling raising process, and the practicality is poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that when the seedling raising substrate preparation device in the prior art uses uncomposted rice straw or corn straw and other materials as substrate materials, the overall preparation efficiency and preparation quality of the seedling raising substrate are reduced due to the lack of pretreatment function, and a rice seedling raising substrate formula and a preparation method thereof are proposed.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A rice seedling raising substrate formula comprises: biochar: 20%-60%, fungus chaff: 10%-30%, decomposed rice straw: 15%-40%, decomposed cow dung: 5%-20%, rice straw (undecomposed): 2%-8%, and corn straw (undecomposed): 2%-10%.

[0007] A method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate, the method is used to prepare the above-mentioned rice seedling raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Prepare substrate materials: directly purchase bagged biochar, fungus husks, decomposed rice straw and decomposed cow dung, and use existing agricultural waste resources to collect undecomposed rice straw and undecomposed corn straw, such as rice straw and corn straw collected from farmland;

[0009] S2, pre-crushing and sterilization and disinfection treatment: pre-crushing the collected uncomposted rice straw and uncomposted corn straw through the pre-treatment function in the preparation device, and killing the microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs thereon during the pre-crushing;

[0010] S3, stirring and mixing: adding the pre-prepared biochar, fungus husk, decomposed rice straw, decomposed cow dung, and pre-treated rice straw and corn straw into the preparation device according to the required proportion and stirring and mixing;

[0011] S4, laying materials on the tray: laying the seedling raising substrate material mixed evenly in the preparation device and evenly laying it on the seedling raising tray;

[0012] The preparation device in the above steps S2-S4 includes a base, a conveying part and a shell are installed on the top of the base, a seedling raising tray is placed on the conveying part, the shell cover is arranged on the conveying part, and an opening for the conveying part to pass through is penetrated at one end of the shell, and also includes:

[0013] A mixing mechanism, the mixing mechanism comprising a mixing tank, the mixing tank is fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the shell, and the inner top wall of the mixing tank is arranged to be penetrated, the mixing tank and the shell are jointly provided with a feeding assembly, which is used to allow different matrix materials to fall into the mixing tank according to a suitable ratio, the mixing tank is provided with a stirring and mixing assembly, which is used to mix the different matrix materials entering the mixing tank, and the mixing tank is provided with a discharging assembly, which is used to discharge the matrix materials mixed in the mixing tank;

[0014] A pre-treatment mechanism, the pre-treatment mechanism comprises a crushing box, the crushing box is fixedly installed on the top of the shell, and the top of the crushing box and the side wall located above the shell are respectively provided with a socket and a feed port, the socket and the feed port are both connected with the inside of the crushing box, a plurality of groups of ultraviolet lamps are evenly installed on the inner wall of the crushing box, a box cover is inserted at the socket on the crushing box, the bottom end of the box cover is rotatably connected with a stirring and crushing frame, and a third driving part for driving the stirring and crushing frame to rotate is arranged in the box cover, the stirring and crushing frame is composed of a rotating rod and a plurality of groups of blades, and a pre-crushing assembly is arranged inside the crushing box, which is used to allow the straw to be crushed to enter the crushing box and perform preliminary crushing;

[0015] A cleaning mechanism, which is arranged in the crushing box and is used to clean the mixing and crushing frame after use;

[0016] The transport mechanism is arranged on the outer shell, the crushing box, the mixing tank and the feeding component, and is used to transport the crushed straw in the crushing box to the mixing tank.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0018] 1. The present invention can not only deliver a variety of matrix materials into a mixing tank in a predetermined ratio for efficient stirring and mixing through the mutual cooperation of a conveying part, a mixing mechanism, a pretreatment mechanism and a transport mechanism, but also can directly complete the key pretreatment steps of pre-crushing and sterilization in a preparation device when uncomposted rice straw or corn straw and other materials are used as matrix materials. The pretreated straw fragments can be conveyed to the mixing tank in a suitable ratio and stirred and mixed with other matrix materials to complete the preparation of the seedling raising matrix without the use of an additional crushing device, thereby effectively improving the overall preparation efficiency and preparation quality of the seedling raising matrix.

[0019] 2. The present invention can effectively improve the mixing effect of the matrix material in the mixing tank by setting a mixing mechanism, utilizing the rotation and up and down reciprocating motion of multiple groups of air blowing pipes therein and the rotation of the stirring frame in the opposite direction of its rotation, that is, effectively improve the preparation quality of the seedling raising matrix. Moreover, by setting the jet component in the mixing mechanism, gas can be filled into the mixing tank when the matrix material in the mixing tank is stirred and mixed, so that the matrix material can be mixed more evenly, and the multiple groups of air blowing pipes on the stirring frame and the rotating frame can be cleaned with gas, thereby avoiding contamination of the matrix material to be stirred and mixed next time due to the accumulation of matrix material on the stirring frame and the rotating frame. In addition, the humidity of the gas filled in the mixing tank can be selected according to its own needs, so that the matrix material after mixing can be at a suitable humidity, thereby optimizing the performance of the matrix material, that is, improving the preparation quality of the seedling raising matrix.

[0020] 3. Through the arrangement of the feeding assembly in the mixing mechanism, the present invention can utilize the conveying part to transport the seedling raising tray and the rotating material spreading pipe to swing after the mixing of multiple groups of matrix materials in the mixing tank is completed, so that the mixed matrix material can be evenly spread on the entire seedling raising tray through the rotating material spreading pipe, without the need for subsequent manual material spreading, thereby effectively improving the efficiency of subsequent seedling raising work.

[0021] 4. Through the mutual cooperation of the cleaning mechanism and the transportation mechanism, the present invention can increase the gas pressure in the moving groove by inflating the moving groove after the cleaning sponges on the multiple cleaning columns contact the surface of the rotating rod on the stirring and crushing frame, so that the gas inside the moving groove finally enters the chamber of the multiple cleaning columns, and then the cleaning brush in the chamber is thrust and passes through the through groove to contact the bottom end of the blade on the stirring and crushing frame. At this time, through the rotation of the stirring and crushing frame, the cleaning sponge and the cleaning brush on the cleaning column can respectively clean the surface of the rotating rod on the stirring and crushing frame and the lower part of the connection between the rotating rod and the multiple blades, so that the straw fragments attached to the above-mentioned positions are swept down and fall into the transport box through the feed pipe, thereby effectively avoiding the negative impact of microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs in the straw fragments on the subsequent crushing work of the stirring and crushing frame, thereby ensuring the preparation quality of the seedling substrate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device in the method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of another perspective of the device in the method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the device in the method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the crushing box of the device in the method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the transport box of the device in the method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the mixing tank and the storage hopper in the method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the mixing tank of the device in the method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside the rotating frame of the device in the method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A;

[0031] Fig.10 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cleaning column in the method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate proposed in the present invention;

[0032] Fig.11 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of the interior of the cleaning column of the device in the method for preparing the rice seedling raising substrate proposed in the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1 base, 2 conveying part, 3 shell, 4 crushing box, 401 box cover, 402 ultraviolet lamp, 5 feeding port, 6 fixed pressure roller, 7 dynamic pressure roller, 8 crushing knife, 9 feeding pipe, 10 mixing and crushing frame, 11 moving groove, 111 air inlet pipe, 12 gas dispersion frame, 13 screw rod, 14 cleaning column, 15 gas groove, 16 connecting groove, 17 cleaning brush, 18 cleaning sponge, 19 transport box, 20 transport blade, 21 sliding groove, 22 mixing tank, 23 tank cover, 231 feeding port, 24 sliding port, 25 stirring frame, 251 dispersion blowing groove, 26 rotating frame, 27 driving gear, 28 inflation pipe, 281 dispersion port, 29 lifting frame, 291 inflation groove, 30 rotating material spreading pipe, 31 blowing pipe, 311 blowing hole, 32 guide shell, 33 storage hopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0035] A rice seedling raising substrate formula comprises: biochar: 40%, fungus husk: 20%, decomposed rice straw: 20%, decomposed cow dung: 10%, rice straw (undecomposed): 5%, and corn straw (undecomposed): 5%.

[0036] A method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1. Prepare substrate materials: directly purchase bagged biochar, fungus husks, decomposed rice straw and decomposed cow dung, and use existing agricultural waste resources to collect undecomposed rice straw and undecomposed corn straw, such as rice straw and corn straw collected from farmland;

[0038] S2, pre-crushing and sterilization and disinfection treatment: pre-crushing the collected uncomposted rice straw and uncomposted corn straw through the pre-treatment function in the preparation device, and killing the microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs thereon during the pre-crushing;

[0039] S3, stirring and mixing: adding the pre-prepared biochar, fungus husk, decomposed rice straw, decomposed cow dung, and pre-treated rice straw and corn straw into the preparation device according to the required proportion and stirring and mixing;

[0040] S4, placing materials on the tray: placing the seedling raising substrate material evenly mixed in the preparation device, and evenly spreading it on the seedling raising tray.

[0041] The above-mentioned rice seedling substrate formula and the ratio data before mixing of the substrate materials are obtained from comparative experiments. The rice variety tested in the rice seedling substrate is Longjing 31, which is provided by Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A total of 7 materials were selected as substrates in the experiment, namely soil, biochar, fungus husks, decomposed rice straw, decomposed cow dung, rice straw (uncomposted), and corn straw (uncomposted). The substrates were evenly mixed according to the experimental plan, evenly mixed by a rice seedling substrate preparation device, and laid in multiple groups of seedling trays respectively. After marking on the multiple groups of seedling trays, equal amounts of germinated rice seeds were planted on trays with multiple different substrates and cultivated in a uniform and suitable environment.

[0042] When the rice seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, the color, uniformity, disease incidence, resilience, age, root length, plant height, number of roots, ten-plant stem base width, first leaf ear spacing, second leaf ear spacing, 100-plant leaf dry weight, 100-plant root dry weight and fullness of the rice seedlings were investigated. The color, uniformity, disease incidence, resilience and age of the rice seedlings were then sorted out using Excel, and the data were analyzed for correlation. Finally, the rice seedling trays with excellent quality performance were screened out. Subsequent experiments can change the ratio of different materials in the seedling raising matrix based on the formula of the seedling raising matrix in the seedling raising tray to obtain suitable ratio data.

[0043] Reference Figures 1 to 7, a rice seedling substrate preparation device, used for the rice seedling substrate preparation work in steps S2-S4 of the above-mentioned rice seedling substrate preparation method, comprises a base 1, a conveying part 2 and a shell 3 are installed on the top of the base 1, the conveying part 2 is a prior art, and its specific structural design is not repeated here, a seedling tray is placed on the conveying part 2, the shell 3 is covered on the conveying part 2, and an opening for the conveying part 2 to pass through is penetrated at one end of the shell 3, a mixing mechanism is arranged on the shell 3, and is used to proportion and mix different matrix materials according to its own needs, the mixing mechanism comprises a mixing tank 22, the mixing tank 22 is fixedly installed on the inner top wall of the shell 3, and the inner top wall of the mixing tank 22 is penetrated, and a feeding component is arranged on the mixing tank 22 and the shell 3, and is used to make different matrix materials according to appropriate proportions. The material falls into the mixing tank 22. The feeding assembly includes a tank cover 23 and multiple groups of storage hoppers 33. The tank cover 23 is fixedly installed on the top wall of the outer shell 3, and the bottom end of the tank cover 23 is fixedly connected to the top of the mixing tank 22. The multiple groups of storage hoppers 33 are fixedly installed on the outer shell 3 and the top of the tank cover 23, and the tops of the multiple groups of storage hoppers 33 are movably installed with openings. Different matrix materials are placed in the multiple groups of storage hoppers 33, and the bottoms of the multiple groups of storage hoppers 33 are penetrated with through ports. The top of the tank cover 23 is penetrated with multiple groups of feeding ports 231 corresponding to the multiple groups of through ports, and the multiple groups of feeding ports 231 are installed with regulating valves. The regulating valve is a prior art and is not drawn in the figure. Its specific structural design will not be repeated here. A stirring and mixing assembly is arranged inside the mixing tank 22 for mixing different matrix materials entering the mixing tank 22.

[0044] Reference Figures 6 to 8The stirring and mixing assembly includes a groove and a rotating groove. The groove is opened on the inner bottom wall of the mixing tank 22, and a driving motor is installed in the groove. A protective block is installed at the opening of the groove. The output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected to a stirring frame 25. The top of the stirring frame 25 passes through the protective block and extends upward. The stirring frame 25 is composed of a stirring column and a plurality of stirring rods. The stirring column is set to be through hollow. The rotating groove is opened on the inner top wall of the mixing tank 22, and a rotating column is rotatably connected in the rotating groove. A driving gear 27 is installed on the outer wall of the rotating column. A first driving part for driving the gear 27 to rotate is provided in the mixing tank 22. The first driving part is a prior art, and its specific structural design is not repeated here. The bottom of the rotating column The end is fixedly connected to a rotating frame 26, the outer wall of the rotating frame 26 is close to the inner wall of the mixing tank 22, and a plurality of slide grooves are provided on the two opposite inner walls of the rotating frame 26, and a lifting frame 29 is slidably connected in the plurality of slide grooves on the same side. A lifting part for driving the lifting frame 29 to move up and down is provided in the rotating frame 26. The lifting part is a prior art, and its specific structural design is not repeated here. A plurality of blowing pipes 31 are evenly installed on the outer side of the lifting frame 29, and the plurality of blowing pipes 31 on the rotating frame 26 are staggered with the plurality of stirring rods on the stirring frame 25. An injection component is commonly provided on the tank cover 23, the stirring frame 25 and the rotating frame 26 for injecting air toward the inside of the mixing tank 22.

[0045] Reference Figures 7 to 9 The jetting component includes an air filling pipe 28 and an air filling groove 291. The air filling pipe 28 sequentially passes through the tank cover 23, the rotating column and the rotating frame 26, and is rotatably connected with the tank cover 23, the rotating column and the rotating frame 26. The top of the air filling pipe 28 is connected to the external air supply device, and the bottom of the air filling pipe 28 is inserted into the top opening of the stirring column on the stirring frame 25. A control valve is installed at the bottom of the air filling pipe 28. The control valve is a prior art and is not shown in the figure. Its specific structural design is not repeated here. The stirring column on the stirring frame 25 is external. A plurality of dispersed blowing grooves 251 are evenly penetrated on the wall, an air filling groove 291 is opened inside the rotating frame 26, and the air filling groove 291 is connected with a plurality of slide grooves, two groups of dispersed ports 281 are symmetrically penetrated on the air filling pipe 28, and the positions of the two groups of dispersed ports 281 correspond to the positions of the air filling grooves 291, a plurality of groups of air ports are penetrated on the lifting frame 29, and the positions of the plurality of air ports correspond to the positions of the plurality of slide grooves and the plurality of air blowing pipes 31 respectively, and a plurality of groups of air blowing holes 311 are evenly opened on the outer walls of the plurality of air blowing pipes 31.

[0046] Reference Figures 2 to 7A material discharge assembly is provided on the mixing tank 22 for discharging the matrix material mixed inside the mixing tank 22. The material discharge assembly includes a rotating material laying pipe 30. The rotating material laying pipe 30 penetrates and is rotatably connected to the bottom wall of the mixing tank 22, and the top of the rotating material laying pipe 30 is communicated with the interior of the mixing tank 22. The rotating material laying pipe 30 is bent, and an electromagnetic valve is installed inside the rotating material laying pipe 30. The electromagnetic valve is a prior art and is not shown in the figure. Its specific structural design will not be repeated here. A gear is installed on the outer wall of the rotating material laying pipe 30, and a second driving part for driving the gear on the rotating material laying pipe 30 to rotate is provided in the mixing tank 22. The second driving part is a prior art and is not shown in the figure. Its specific structural design will not be repeated here.

[0047] Reference Figures 1 to 4 , a pretreatment mechanism is provided on the shell 3 for pre-crushing and sterilizing the uncomposted straw (the uncomposted straw is the matrix material), the pretreatment mechanism includes a crushing box 4, the crushing box 4 is fixedly installed on the top of the shell 3, and the top of the crushing box 4 and the side wall on the upper side of the shell 3 are respectively provided with a socket and a feeding port 5, the socket and the feeding port 5 are both connected with the inside of the crushing box 4, and a plurality of groups of ultraviolet lamps 402 are evenly installed on the inner wall of the crushing box 4, a box cover 401 is inserted at the socket on the crushing box 4, and a stirring and crushing frame 10 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the box cover 401, and a third driving part for driving the stirring and crushing frame 10 to rotate is provided in the box cover 401, the third driving part is the prior art, which is not drawn in the figure, and its specific structural design is not repeated here, the stirring and crushing frame 10 is composed of a rotating rod and a plurality of groups of blades, a pre-crushing component is provided inside the crushing box 4, which is used to allow the straw to be crushed to enter the crushing box 4 and perform preliminary crushing, and the pre-crushing component is located The feed port 5 and the stirring and crushing frame 10 are respectively arranged between the feed port 5 and the stirring and crushing frame 10, and the pre-crushing assembly includes a lifting drive unit, a fixed pressure roller 6 and two groups of mounting grooves. The lifting drive unit is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the crushing box 4, and a dynamic pressure roller 7 is installed on the lifting drive unit. The lifting drive unit is used to make the dynamic pressure roller 7 realize lifting and rotating. The lifting drive unit is a prior art, and its specific structural design is no longer repeated here. The fixed pressure roller 6 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the crushing box 4, and the fixed pressure roller 6 is located directly above the dynamic pressure roller 7. A built-in motor for driving the fixed pressure roller 6 to rotate is arranged in the crushing box 4. Two groups of mounting grooves are symmetrically arranged on the inner top wall and the inner bottom wall of the crushing box 4, and the two groups of mounting grooves are located between the fixed pressure roller 6 and the stirring and crushing frame 10. Rotary rods are rotatably connected in the two groups of mounting grooves. A rotating unit that drives the two groups of rotating rods to rotate is arranged in the crushing box 4. The rotating unit is a prior art, and its specific structural design is no longer repeated here. Multiple groups of crushing knives 8 are installed on the outer walls of the two groups of rotating rods, and a clearance groove for the crushing knives 8 on the rotating rods to pass through is opened in the mounting groove.

[0048] Reference Figure 4A cleaning mechanism is provided in the crushing box 4 for cleaning the mixing and crushing frame 10 after use. The cleaning mechanism includes a moving groove 11 and a moving assembly. The moving groove 11 is opened in the crushing box 4, and the moving groove 11 is located on the side of the mixing and crushing frame 10 away from the pre-crushing assembly. A gas dispersion frame 12 is sealed and slidably connected in the moving groove 11. The moving assembly is provided in the crushing box 4 for moving the gas dispersion frame 12. The gas dispersion frame 12 is mounted on the moving assembly. The moving assembly includes two groups of motors, which are symmetrically installed in the crushing box 4, and the two groups of motors are located on the side of the moving groove 11 away from the mixing and crushing frame 10. The output ends of the two groups of motors are fixedly connected with screw rods 13, and the ends of the two groups of screw rods 13 away from the motors are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the moving groove 11, and the gas dispersion frame 12 is threadedly connected to the two groups of screw rods 13.

[0049] Reference Figure 4 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 An air inlet pipe 111 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the movable groove 11, and the outward end of the air inlet pipe 111 is connected to an external gas transmission device. The gas dispersion frame 12 is hollow, and an air inlet is provided on the side of the gas dispersion frame 12 away from the mixing and crushing frame 10. The gas dispersion frame 12 is evenly provided with multiple groups of air outlets on the side facing the mixing and crushing frame 10, and cleaning columns 14 are installed at the multiple groups of air outlets of the gas dispersion frame 12. Gas grooves 15 are provided at the connection between the multiple groups of cleaning columns 14 and the gas dispersion frame 12, and chambers are provided inside the multiple groups of cleaning columns 14. The inner wall of the gas groove 15 Two groups of connecting grooves 16 are penetrated on the top, and the gas groove 15 is connected with the inside of the chamber through the two groups of connecting grooves 16. A through groove is penetrated on the top wall of the chamber, and multiple groups of first springs are installed on the bottom wall of the chamber. The top ends of the multiple groups of first springs are commonly connected with cleaning brushes 17, and the top ends of the cleaning brushes 17 are located in the through grooves. The ends of the multiple groups of cleaning columns 14 away from the gas dispersion frame 12 all penetrate the inner wall of the movable groove 11 and are provided with connecting grooves. A second spring is installed on the bottom wall of the connecting groove, and the connecting groove is connected to a sliding rod through the second spring, and a cleaning sponge 18 is installed on the end of the sliding rod away from the second spring.

[0050] Reference Figures 1 to 7The outer shell 3, the crushing box 4, the mixing tank 22 and the tank cover 23 are jointly provided with a transport mechanism for transporting the crushed straw in the crushing box 4 to the mixing tank 22. The transport mechanism includes a transport box 19 and a guide shell 32. The guide shell 32 is installed on the top of the tank cover 23, and a transition groove is penetrated through the side wall of the guide shell 32. A sliding port 24 is penetrated through the bottom end of the tank cover 23, and the position of the sliding port 24 corresponds to the position of the transition groove. The transport box 19 is fixedly installed on the top wall of the outer shell 3, and one end of the transport box 19 is connected to the guide shell 32, the tank cover 23 and the mixing tank 22. A transport groove is opened at the bottom of the transport box 19, and a transport motor is installed inside the transport box 19. A transport rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, and the end of the transport rod away from the transport motor passes through the outer wall of the transport trough and extends downward. A transport blade 20 is installed on the outer wall of the transport rod, and a sliding groove 21 is penetrated through the inner wall of the transport trough near the top position. The position of the sliding groove 21 corresponds to the position of the transition groove on the guide shell 32. A feed pipe 9 is fixedly installed through the inner wall of the transport trough near the bottom end. The end of the feed pipe 9 away from the transport box 19 passes through the outer wall of the crushing box 4 and is connected to the inside of the crushing box 4. The feed pipe 9 is inclined, and the end of the feed pipe 9 located in the crushing box 4 is higher than the end of the feed pipe 9 located in the transport trough, and a blocking block is detachably installed at the bottom of the transport trough.

[0051] In the present invention, the seedling raising tray is first placed on the conveying part 2 at the upper end of the base 1, and the seedling raising tray is transported to the pipe mouth position below the rotating material laying pipe 30 by the conveying part 2. At this time, different matrix materials are placed in the multiple groups of storage hoppers 33, such as biochar, mushroom bran, decomposed rice straw and decomposed cow dung (these materials need to be purchased directly in bagged products to ensure their quality. The bagged products not only have a moderate particle size, but are more suitable for mixing with other materials, and the harmful pathogens and microorganisms therein can be effectively killed, and are not easy to carry parasite eggs). When the above materials need to be mixed to prepare the rice seedling raising matrix, since the positions of the multiple groups of feeding ports 231 on the tank cover 23 correspond to the positions of the bottom openings of the multiple groups of storage hoppers 33, and a regulating valve is installed inside the feeding port 231, the operator is allowed to adjust the discharge amount of different materials by controlling the regulating valve as needed, thereby realizing the discharge of multiple materials in different proportions, so that multiple groups of matrix materials can fall into the mixing tank 22 according to appropriate proportions.

[0052] After multiple groups of matrix materials fall into the mixing tank 22 in a suitable ratio, the driving motor can be turned on to rotate the stirring frame 25 inside the mixing tank 22, so that the multiple groups of matrix materials inside the mixing tank 22 can be stirred and mixed. At the same time, the first driving part is controlled to make the driving gear 27 and the rotating column connected to the driving gear 27 rotate in the opposite direction to the rotation direction of the stirring frame 25, so that the rotating frame 26 rotates and its rotation direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the stirring frame 25, and the lifting part is controlled to make the lifting frame 29 and the multiple groups of air blowing pipes 31 on the lifting frame 29 reciprocate up and down, so that the multiple groups of air blowing pipes 31 rotate around the stirring frame 25 and also reciprocate up and down. Under the joint action of the rotation and up and down reciprocating motion of the multiple groups of air blowing pipes 31 and the stirring frame 25 in the opposite direction of its rotation, the mixing effect of the matrix material can be effectively improved, that is, the quality of the preparation of the seedling substrate is effectively improved.

[0053] In addition, when the blowing pipe 31 on the stirring frame 25 and the lifting frame 29 is stirring and mixing, gas can be filled into the inflation pipe 28 through an external air supply device. Since the control valve at the bottom of the inflation pipe 28 is in a closed state at this time, the gas in the inflation pipe 28 will first be blown out from the two groups of dispersion ports 281 (due to the rotation of the rotating frame 26, the gas in the inflation pipe 28 is blown out intermittently), and then pass through the inflation groove 291 in the rotating frame 26 and the multiple groups of gas ports on the lifting frame 29, and finally enter the multiple groups of blowing pipes 31 and blown out through the blowing holes 311, so that the matrix material can be mixed more evenly and the stirring frame 25 can be cleaned with gas. After the gas is blown out of the blowing holes 311, the gas can be opened. Open the control valve at the bottom of the inflation tube 28, so that the gas in the inflation tube 28 can enter the stirring column on the stirring frame 25, and be blown out through the multiple sets of dispersed blowing grooves 251 on the stirring column, so as to further improve the mixing uniformity of the matrix material, and at the same time, the rotating frame 26 and the multiple sets of blowing tubes 31 on the rotating frame 26 can be cleaned with gas, thereby avoiding the accumulation of matrix material on the stirring frame 25 and the rotating frame 26 and causing contamination to the matrix material to be stirred and mixed next time. When filling the inflation tube 28 with gas, the humidity of the filling gas can be selected according to one's own needs, so that the matrix material after mixing can be at a suitable humidity, thereby optimizing the performance of the matrix material, that is, improving the preparation quality of the seedling substrate.

[0054] When uncomposted rice straw or uncomposted corn straw is needed as a matrix material to be mixed with the above materials, the straw needs to be crushed. At this time, the straw to be crushed is put in from the feed port 5, and the built-in motor is turned on and the lifting drive unit is controlled to respectively make the fixed pressure roller 6 rotate and the dynamic pressure roller 7 move up and rotate, so as to control the appropriate spacing to transport the straw material into the crushing box 4. The transported straw material is first preliminarily crushed by two groups of crushing knives 8 (when transporting the straw material, the rotating rod and the crushing knife 8 on the rotating rod start to rotate under the action of the rotating part). At this time, under the action of the third driving part in the box cover 401, the mixing and crushing frame 10 starts to rotate, and the preliminarily crushed straw material is The crushed straw material will be further crushed and refined by the mixing and crushing frame 10. Since the uncomposted straw may carry more pathogenic microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs, these harmful substances are difficult to remove by simple physical methods due to their small volume after the straw is crushed. If such crushed straw is directly mixed with other materials to make a matrix, it is easy to have an adverse effect on the growth of rice seedlings during rice seedling cultivation. Since multiple groups of ultraviolet lamps 402 are installed on the inner wall of the crushing box 4, the ultraviolet light of appropriate wavelength emitted by the ultraviolet lamp 402 can kill the microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs carried by the straw when the straw is crushed, thereby effectively ensuring the preparation quality of the rice seedling cultivation matrix.

[0055] After the crushing work is completed, the control valve inside the feed pipe 9 and the transport motor in the transport box 19 are opened. At this time, the straw particles that have been crushed to a sufficient particle size will fall to the bottom of the transport box 19 through the feed pipe 9, and will be transported upward by the rotating transport blades 20 and flow out from the slide trough 21. Then, they will fall into the mixing tank 22 through the transition groove of the guide shell 32 and the slide port 24 at the top of the tank cover 23, and finally be mixed with other matrix materials under the action of the stirring and mixing assembly in the mixing tank 22. If it is necessary to control the ratio of the straw particles, it is only necessary to control the rotation speed of the transport blades 20 through the transport motor (controlling the rotation speed of the transport blades 20 can adjust the delivery amount of the straw particles, thereby being able to control When the multiple groups of matrix materials in the mixing tank 22 are mixed, the solenoid valve in the rotating material-laying pipe 30 is opened, and the rotating material-laying pipe 30 starts to swing left and right by controlling the second driving part (the swing amplitude of the rotating material-laying pipe 30 is slightly smaller than the length of the seedling tray). Since the seedling tray is transported to the pipe mouth position below the rotating material-laying pipe 30, the matrix materials evenly mixed in the mixing tank 22 can fall smoothly into the seedling tray through the rotating material-laying pipe 30. With the transportation of the seedling tray by the conveying part 2 and the swing of the rotating material-laying pipe 30, the mixed matrix materials can evenly cover the entire seedling tray and finally be used for rice seedling cultivation.

[0056] When the mixing and crushing frame 10 rotates and crushes the straw, straw fragments may be attached to it, and the attached straw fragments may carry microorganisms and insect eggs. Although the microorganisms and insect eggs on the straw fragments can be killed by irradiation with the ultraviolet lamp 402, it is difficult to kill the microorganisms and insect eggs on the above-mentioned straw fragments by the ultraviolet lamp 402 because the surface of the rotating rod attached to the mixing and crushing frame 10 and the straw fragments below the connection between the rotating rod and the multiple sets of blades are far away from the ultraviolet lamp 402 and the angle is limited. After the mixing and crushing frame 10 is used, the two sets of motors are turned on to rotate the two sets of screws 13, so that the gas dispersion frame 12 is moved toward the mixing and crushing frame 10, until the multiple groups of cleaning columns 14 on the gas dispersion frame 12 extend between the blades on the stirring and breaking frame 10, and the cleaning sponges 18 on the multiple groups of cleaning columns 14 are in contact with the surface of the rotating rod on the stirring and breaking frame 10 (under the elastic force of the second spring itself, the cleaning sponges 18 and the surface of the rotating rod remain in contact), and then the inside of the moving groove 11 is inflated through the external gas supply device and the air inlet pipe 111 on the moving groove 11, and the gas pressure inside the moving groove 11 is increased, so that the gas inside the moving groove 11 can enter the gas dispersion frame 12 through the air inlet, and then enter the gas groove 15 in the multiple groups of cleaning columns 14 through the multiple groups of air outlets on the gas dispersion frame 12.

[0057] The gas entering the gas groove 15 enters the chamber through the two groups of connecting grooves 16, and causes the cleaning brush 17 in the chamber to be pushed, so that the cleaning brush 17 connected to the multiple groups of first springs passes through the through grooves and extends outward, and the cleaning brush 17 extending outward in the multiple groups of cleaning columns 14 can contact the bottom ends of the blades on the stirring and crushing frame 10. At this time, the stirring and crushing frame 10 starts to rotate through the third driving part in the box cover 401. As the stirring and crushing frame 10 rotates, the cleaning sponge 18 and the cleaning brush 17 on the cleaning column 14 can respectively clean the surface of the rotating rod on the stirring and crushing frame 10 and the lower part of the connection between the rotating rod and the multiple groups of blades, so that the straw fragments attached to the above-mentioned positions are swept down and fall into the transport box 19 through the feed pipe 9 (the control valve inside the feed pipe 9 is in the open state at this time), thereby effectively avoiding the negative impact of microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs in the straw fragments on the subsequent crushing work of the stirring and crushing frame 10. After that, the straw fragments can be recovered by removing the blocking block at the bottom of the transport box 19.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice seedling raising substrate formula, characterized in that: include: Biochar: 20%~60%, fungus husk: 10%~30%, decomposed rice straw: 15%~40%, decomposed cow dung: 5%~20%, rice straw (uncomposted): 2%~8%, corn straw (uncomposted): 2%~10%.

2. A method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate, the method being used to prepare the rice seedling raising substrate as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare substrate materials: directly purchase bagged biochar, fungus husks, decomposed rice straw and decomposed cow dung, and use existing agricultural waste resources to collect undecomposed rice straw and undecomposed corn straw, such as rice straw and corn straw collected from farmland; S2, pre-crushing and sterilization and disinfection treatment: pre-crushing the collected uncomposted rice straw and uncomposted corn straw through the pre-treatment function in the preparation device, and killing the microorganisms, bacteria and insect eggs thereon during the pre-crushing; S3, stirring and mixing: adding the pre-prepared biochar, fungus husk, decomposed rice straw, decomposed cow dung, and pre-treated rice straw and corn straw into the preparation device according to the required proportion and stirring and mixing; S4, laying materials on the tray: laying the seedling raising substrate material mixed evenly in the preparation device and evenly laying it on the seedling raising tray; The preparation device in the above steps S2-S4 comprises a base (1), a conveying part (2) and a shell (3) are installed on the top of the base (1), a seedling raising tray is placed on the conveying part (2), the shell (3) is covered on the conveying part (2), and an opening for the conveying part (2) to pass through is penetrated at one end of the shell (3), and further comprises: A mixing mechanism, the mixing mechanism comprising a mixing tank (22), the mixing tank (22) being fixedly mounted on the inner top wall of the outer shell (3), and the inner top wall of the mixing tank (22) being arranged to penetrate, the mixing tank (22) and the outer shell (3) being provided with a feeding assembly for allowing different matrix materials to fall into the mixing tank (22) in a suitable proportion, the mixing tank (22) being provided with a stirring and mixing assembly for mixing the different matrix materials entering the mixing tank (22), and the mixing tank (22) being provided with a discharging assembly for discharging the matrix materials mixed in the mixing tank (22); A pre-treatment mechanism, the pre-treatment mechanism comprising a crushing box (4), the crushing box (4) is fixedly installed on the top of the shell (3), and the top of the crushing box (4) and a side wall located above the shell (3) are respectively provided with a socket and a feed port (5), the socket and the feed port (5) are both connected to the inside of the crushing box (4), a plurality of groups of ultraviolet lamps (402) are evenly installed on the inner wall of the crushing box (4), a box cover (401) is inserted at the socket on the crushing box (4), the bottom end of the box cover (401) is rotatably connected to a stirring and crushing frame (10), and a third driving part for driving the stirring and crushing frame (10) to rotate is arranged in the box cover (401), the stirring and crushing frame (10) is composed of a rotating rod and a plurality of groups of blades, and a pre-crushing component is arranged inside the crushing box (4) for allowing the straw to be crushed to enter the crushing box (4) and perform preliminary crushing; A cleaning mechanism, the cleaning mechanism being arranged in the crushing box (4) and being used to clean the mixing and crushing frame (10) after use; A transport mechanism is provided on the outer shell (3), the crushing box (4), the mixing tank (22) and the feeding assembly, and is used for transporting the crushed straw in the crushing box (4) to the mixing tank (22).

3. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The feeding assembly comprises a tank cover (23) and a plurality of groups of material storage hoppers (33); the tank cover (23) is fixedly mounted on the top wall of the outer shell (3), and the bottom end of the tank cover (23) is fixedly connected to the top end of the mixing tank (22); the plurality of groups of material storage hoppers (33) are fixedly mounted on the outer shell (3) and the top end of the tank cover (23), and the top ends of the plurality of groups of material storage hoppers (33) are movably mounted with opening covers; different matrix materials are respectively placed in the plurality of groups of material storage hoppers (33), and the bottom ends of the plurality of groups of material storage hoppers (33) are penetrated with through openings; the top end of the tank cover (23) is penetrated with a plurality of groups of material feeding ports (231) corresponding to the plurality of groups of through openings, and the plurality of groups of material feeding ports (231) are installed with regulating valves inside.

4. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stirring and mixing assembly comprises a groove and a rotating groove, wherein the groove is provided on the inner bottom wall of the mixing tank (22), and a driving motor is installed in the groove, a protection block is installed at the opening of the groove, an output end of the driving motor is fixedly connected to a stirring frame (25), the top end of the stirring frame (25) passes through the protection block and extends upward, the stirring frame (25) is composed of a stirring column and a plurality of stirring rods, the stirring column is arranged to be through-hollow, the rotating groove is provided on the inner top wall of the mixing tank (22), and a rotating column is rotatably connected in the rotating groove, a driving gear (27) is installed on the outer wall of the rotating column, a first driving part for driving the gear (27) to rotate is provided in the mixing tank (22), and the bottom end of the rotating column is fixedly connected to A rotating frame (26) is connected, the outer wall of the rotating frame (26) is close to the inner wall of the mixing tank (22), and multiple groups of slide grooves are provided on two opposite groups of inner side walls of the rotating frame (26), and a lifting frame (29) is slidably connected in the multiple groups of slide grooves on the same side. A lifting part for driving the lifting frame (29) to move up and down is provided in the rotating frame (26), and multiple groups of blowing pipes (31) are evenly installed on the outer side of the lifting frame (29). The multiple groups of blowing pipes (31) on the rotating frame (26) and the multiple groups of stirring rods on the stirring frame (25) are staggered with each other. The tank cover (23), the stirring frame (25) and the rotating frame (26) are commonly provided with an injection component for injecting air into the mixing tank (22).

5. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air injection component comprises an air filling pipe (28) and an air filling groove (291). The air filling pipe (28) sequentially penetrates the tank cover (23), the rotating column and the rotating frame (26), and is rotatably connected with the tank cover (23), the rotating column and the rotating frame (26). The top end of the air filling pipe (28) is connected to an external air supply device, and the bottom end of the air filling pipe (28) is inserted into the top opening of the stirring column on the stirring frame (25). A control valve is installed at the bottom end of the air filling pipe (28). A plurality of groups of dispersed air blowing grooves are evenly penetrated on the outer wall of the stirring column on the stirring frame (25). (251), the inflation groove (291) is opened inside the rotating frame (26), and the inflation groove (291) is connected with multiple groups of slide grooves, the inflation tube (28) is symmetrically provided with two groups of dispersion ports (281), and the positions of the two groups of dispersion ports (281) correspond to the positions of the inflation groove (291), the lifting frame (29) is provided with multiple groups of air ports, and the positions of the multiple groups of air ports respectively correspond to the positions of the multiple groups of slide grooves and the multiple groups of air blowing tubes (31), and multiple groups of air blowing holes (311) are evenly provided on the outer walls of the multiple groups of air blowing tubes (31).

6. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material unloading assembly includes a rotating material laying pipe (30), the rotating material laying pipe (30) penetrates and is rotatably connected to the bottom wall of the mixing tank (22), and the top end of the rotating material laying pipe (30) is connected to the inside of the mixing tank (22), the rotating material laying pipe (30) is bent, and an electromagnetic valve is installed inside the rotating material laying pipe (30), a gear is installed on the outer wall of the rotating material laying pipe (30), and a second driving part for driving the gear on the rotating material laying pipe (30) to rotate is provided in the mixing tank (22).

7. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-crushing assembly is located between the feed port (5) and the stirring and crushing frame (10), and the pre-crushing assembly includes a lifting drive unit, a fixed pressure roller (6) and two sets of mounting grooves. The lifting drive unit is arranged on the inner bottom wall of the crushing box (4), and a dynamic pressure roller (7) is installed on the lifting drive unit. The lifting drive unit is used to enable the dynamic pressure roller (7) to be lifted and rotated. The fixed pressure roller (6) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the crushing box (4), and the fixed pressure roller (6) is located directly above the dynamic pressure roller (7). The crushing box (4 ) is provided with a built-in motor for driving the fixed pressure roller (6) to rotate, two groups of the installation grooves are symmetrically opened on the inner top wall and the inner bottom wall of the crushing box (4), and the two groups of installation grooves are located between the fixed pressure roller (6) and the stirring and crushing frame (10), and the two groups of the installation grooves are rotatably connected with rotating rods. The crushing box (4) is provided with a rotating part for driving the two groups of rotating rods to rotate, and multiple groups of crushing knives (8) are installed on the outer walls of the two groups of rotating rods. The installation grooves are provided with a clearance groove for the crushing knives (8) on the rotating rods to pass through.

8. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism comprises a moving groove (11) and a moving assembly. The moving groove (11) is provided in the crushing box (4), and the moving groove (11) is located on a side of the stirring and crushing frame (10) away from the pre-crushing assembly. A gas dispersion frame (12) is sealed and slidably connected in the moving groove (11). The moving assembly is provided in the crushing box (4) and is used to move the gas dispersion frame (12). The gas dispersion frame (12) is installed on the moving assembly. An air intake pipe (111) is fixedly installed through the inner wall of the moving groove (11). The outward end of the air intake pipe (111) is connected to an external gas supply device. The gas dispersion frame (12) is hollow, and an air intake port is provided on a side of the gas dispersion frame (12) away from the stirring and crushing frame (10). A plurality of groups of air outlets are evenly provided on a side of the gas dispersion frame (12) facing the stirring and crushing frame (10). The gas dispersion frame (12) has multiple groups of air outlets. A cleaning column (14) is installed at each gas outlet, and a gas groove (15) is provided at the connection between the plurality of cleaning columns (14) and the gas dispersion frame (12), and a chamber is provided inside each of the plurality of cleaning columns (14). Two groups of connecting grooves (16) are provided on the inner wall of the gas groove (15), and the gas groove (15) is connected with the inside of the chamber through the two groups of connecting grooves (16). A through groove is provided on the top wall of the chamber, and a plurality of first springs are installed on the bottom wall of the chamber. The top ends of the plurality of first springs are connected to a cleaning brush (17), and the top ends of the cleaning brush (17) are located in the through groove. The ends of the plurality of cleaning columns (14) away from the gas dispersion frame (12) all pass through the inner wall of the movable groove (11) and are provided with a connecting groove. A second spring is installed on the bottom wall of the connecting groove, and the connecting groove is connected to a sliding rod through the second spring. A cleaning sponge (18) is installed on the end of the sliding rod away from the second spring.

9. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The moving assembly comprises two groups of motors, the two groups of motors are symmetrically mounted in the crushing box (4), and the two groups of motors are located on the side of the moving groove (11) away from the stirring and crushing frame (10), the output ends of the two groups of motors are fixedly connected to the screw rods (13), the ends of the two groups of screw rods (13) away from the motors are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the moving groove (11), and the gas dispersion frame (12) is threadedly connected to the two groups of screw rods (13).

10. The method for preparing a rice seedling raising substrate according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transport mechanism comprises a transport box (19) and a guide shell (32); the guide shell (32) is mounted on the top of the tank cover (23); a transition groove is penetrated on the side wall of the guide shell (32); a sliding opening (24) is penetrated on the bottom end of the tank cover (23); the position of the sliding opening (24) corresponds to the position of the transition groove; the transport box (19) is penetrated and fixedly mounted on the top wall of the outer shell (3); one end of the transport box (19) is connected to the guide shell (32), the tank cover (23) and the mixing tank (22); a transport groove is opened at the bottom end of the transport box (19); a transport motor is installed inside the transport box (19); a transport rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the transport motor; the transport rod is away from the transport motor One end of the transport rod passes through the outer wall of the transport trough and extends downward, a transport blade (20) is installed on the outer wall of the transport rod, a sliding groove (21) is penetrated near the top position of the inner wall of the transport trough, and the position of the sliding groove (21) corresponds to the position of the transition groove on the guide shell (32), and a feed pipe (9) is fixedly installed near the bottom position of the inner wall of the transport trough, and the end of the feed pipe (9) away from the transport box (19) passes through the outer wall of the crushing box (4) and is connected to the inside of the crushing box (4), the feed pipe (9) is inclined, and the end of the feed pipe (9) located in the crushing box (4) is higher than the end of the feed pipe (9) located in the transport trough, and a blocking block is detachably installed at the bottom of the transport trough.

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