Method for purifying bentonite based on multiple and multi-stage hydrocyclones

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for purifying bentonite based on a multi-stage and multi-stage hydrocyclone, and relates to the technical field of bentonite purification, the multi-stage and multi-stage hydrocyclone is connected with a stirring barrel, and an overflow barrel is arranged on one side of the multi-stage and multi-stage hydrocyclone. Two discharging barrels are fixedly connected to the stirring barrel, the discharging barrels are used for containing a dispersing agent and a sodium modifying agent, baffle structures capable of moving up and down are arranged on the discharging barrels, a rotatable ring body is arranged in the stirring barrel, and the ring body and the baffle structures are used in cooperation to achieve intermittent discharging of the discharging barrels. Through cooperative use of the ring body and the vertical rod, during stirring, a dispersing agent and a sodium modifying agent in the discharging barrel can be intermittently poured into the stirring barrel and mixed with bentonite, the amount of a mixture fed at a time is small, the mixing period is shortened, and the overall mixing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bentonite purification, and specifically is a method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones. Background Art

[0002] The patent with publication number CN116947060A proposes a wet purification process for low-grade bentonite, which uses a three-stage hydrocyclone as the main purification equipment and performs graded filtration on the crushed and scrubbed bentonite. Although the invention patent has a good purification effect, the process is complicated and there are many auxiliary equipment, which may cause space waste and a low processing capacity. At the same time, the montmorillonite particle size is fine, usually distributed in a particle size of about 2 microns. In the invention, only a ф25mm cyclone is connected in series, which may reduce the purification effect.

[0003] Patent publication number CN118561289A proposes a composite purification method for low-grade bentonite. This method utilizes gradient addition of dispersant combined with multiple centrifugation to increase the montmorillonite content while ensuring the yield. However, this method has disadvantages such as small processing volume and long consumption time. It is more suitable for small places such as laboratories and is not conducive to large-scale industrial applications.

[0004] In addition, in the prior art, for the mixing process of bentonite raw materials and auxiliary materials such as dispersants, the method usually adopted is to directly pour these components into the same container and then use a mixing device to perform homogenization. However, there is a significant technical difficulty in this process: when the amount of mixed materials added at one time is too large, the mixing cycle will inevitably be prolonged, thereby affecting the overall mixing efficiency, becoming a key factor restricting the improvement of production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art; to this end, the present invention proposes a method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Soak the low-grade bentonite for 24 hours to allow it to fully expand;

[0009] Step 2: Screen the expanded bentonite and discard the coarse particles on the screen;

[0010] Step 3: Pour the product under the sieve, the dispersant and the sodium agent into a stirring barrel and mix and stir for a period of time to obtain bentonite slurry;

[0011] Step 4: The slurry is classified using multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones to obtain a purified concentrate product, and multiple particle size products can be obtained at the same time. All overflows are diluted and purified by a φ25mm and φ10mm series hydrocyclone group at a feed pressure of 0.4MPa to obtain a purified product.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the multiple multi-stage hydrocyclone and the stirring barrel are connected to each other, and an overflow barrel is arranged on one side of the multiple multi-stage hydrocyclone.

[0013] Two feeding barrels are fixedly connected to the mixing barrel, and the feeding barrels are used to place dispersants and sodium-forming agents. The feeding barrels are provided with baffle structures that can move up and down. A rotatable ring body is provided in the mixing barrel, and the ring body and the baffle structure are used together to realize intermittent feeding of the feeding barrels.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the top of the ring body is arranged with high sides and low middle, and the two sides and the middle are connected by an inclined surface.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the baffle structure includes a vertical rod arranged on the discharge barrel, and a circular plate is fixedly connected to the surface of the vertical rod.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: a connecting frame is fixedly connected to the discharge barrel, the connecting frame is slidably connected to the vertical rod, a cross frame is fixedly connected in the discharge barrel, an anti-blocking component is arranged between the cross frame and the baffle structure, and the anti-blocking component is used to prevent the dispersant and sodium agent in the discharge barrel from being blocked.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the anti-blocking component includes a rotating rod rotatably connected to a horizontal frame, a plurality of anti-blocking rods of different lengths are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod, a groove is provided at the bottom end of the rotating rod, the top end of the vertical rod is located in the groove, and a clamping piece is provided between the vertical rod and the groove.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: the clamping member includes a protruding rod fixedly connected in the groove, and a clamping slot opened on the surface of the vertical rod, and two of the protruding rod and the clamping slot are provided, one end of the protruding rod is located in the clamping slot, and the clamping slot is arranged in an arc shape.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: a spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the vertical rod, and the spring is fixedly connected to the circular plate and the connecting frame respectively.

[0020] As a further solution of the present invention: a partition plate is fixedly connected to the discharge barrel, and a side of the partition plate close to the ring body is provided with an arc surface.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: a cover plate is provided on the discharge barrel.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. Compared with the prior art, the bentonite purification process of the present application can be preliminarily sodiumized before the bentonite is purified. Compared with calcium-based bentonite, sodium-based bentonite has a large water absorption rate and expansion multiple, good dispersibility in water medium, and strong thixotropy, which makes the purification effect better, the recovery rate is high, and the subsequent processing and use steps are simple, and it has higher economic value. In addition, the present application uses multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones to purify bentonite. Compared with traditional hydrocyclones, the process is simpler, the production cost is lower, the processing volume is large, and the spatial structure is reasonably used; the montmorillonite content in the purified product is significantly increased, and overflow products can be selected according to demand.

[0024] 2. The present application uses a ring body and a vertical rod in combination, so that during stirring, the dispersant and sodium agent in the lower barrel can be intermittently poured into the mixing barrel and mixed with bentonite. The amount of mixed material put in at one time is small, the mixing cycle is reduced, and the overall mixing efficiency is improved.

[0025] 3. The present application uses a rotating rod, a groove and a clamping piece in combination. When the dispersant and the sodium-containing agent are intermittently discharged, the rotating rod rotates to drive the anti-blocking rod to rotate, thereby exerting a stirring effect inside, thereby preventing the dispersant and the sodium-containing agent from being blocked in the discharge barrel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the multi-stage hydrocyclone, the stirring barrel and the overflow barrel of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of a mixing barrel of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the mixing barrel of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the material discharge barrel of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the rotating rod and the vertical rod of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the vertical rod of the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1. Multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones; 2. mixing barrel; 3. fixing frame; 4. mixing assembly; 5. overflow barrel; 6. discharge barrel; 7. baffle structure; 71. vertical rod; 72. round plate; 8. ring body; 9. connecting rod; 10. connecting frame; 11. horizontal frame; 12. anti-blocking assembly; 121. rotating rod; 122. groove; 123. clamping piece; 1231. protruding rod; 1232. clamping slot; 13. spring; 14. partition plate; 15. cover plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Soak low-grade bentonite for 24 hours to allow it to fully expand. The low-grade bentonite has a montmorillonite content of 50-70% and a sand content of 22-40%;

[0038] Step 2: Screen the expanded bentonite and discard the coarse particles on the screen. The screening equipment is a vibrating screen;

[0039] Step 3: Pour the product under the sieve into a mixing barrel 2, mix and stir for a period of time to obtain bentonite slurry. The dispersant is an inorganic dispersant such as sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate, and the addition amount is 0-0.6wt%, and the sodium agent is NaCl, NaCO3, NaF, etc., and the addition amount is 0-1.5%;

[0040] Step 4: Classify the slurry using a multi-stage hydrocyclone 1 to obtain a purified concentrate product, and at the same time, obtain a multi-grade product, and then dilute all the overflows and purify them under a feed pressure of 0.4MPa through a φ25mm and φ10mm hydrocyclone group. Among them, the φ25mm hydrocyclone and the φ10mm hydrocyclone are each connected to an overflow bucket independently, the φ25mm hydrocyclone is connected in series to the overflow bucket 5 on the multi-stage hydrocyclone 1, and the φ10mm hydrocyclone is connected in series to the overflow bucket on the φ25mm hydrocyclone. The multi-stage hydrocyclone is a triple small cone angle cyclone combination, and the three groups of hydrocyclones have the same structure and the same diameter. The first hydrocyclone has a diameter of 150 mm and is arranged at 180 degrees on the same level; the second hydrocyclone has a diameter of 75 mm and is arranged at 180 degrees on the same level; the third hydrocyclone is 50 mm and is arranged at 180 degrees on the same level. The triple hydrocyclones are connected by a cone generator. The bentonite slurry enters the first hydrocyclone along the tangential direction from the feed port. Through strong centrifugal action, an inner vortex, an outer vortex, a zero-speed envelope, a short-circuit flow and a circulating flow are formed in the first hydrocyclone. The inner vortex spiral moves upward and is discharged through the first overflow pipe, and the outer vortex spiral moves downward and is discharged through the first sand settling port. The zero-degree envelope surface is the dividing line between the inner and outer vortex flows. The short-circuit flow and the circulating flow are formed in the conical generator. A part of the short-circuit flow and the circulating flow enter the second hydrocyclone through the trumpet-shaped reducer and the second guide pipe, and are discharged through the second overflow pipe and the second sand settling port respectively after the classification of the second hydrocyclone. A part of the classified short-circuit flow and the circulating flow enter the third hydrocyclone through the trumpet-shaped reducer and the third guide pipe, and are discharged through the third overflow pipe and the third sand settling port respectively after the classification of the third hydrocyclone. There are three overflow products and three underflow products in the six particle sizes. The overflow products or underflow products can be mixed or not mixed according to production requirements.

[0041] The process of purifying bentonite by multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones is as follows: bentonite slurry is sent into the first hydrocyclone with φ150mm hydrocyclone as the main body along the tangential direction. Under the action of centrifugal force, the fine-grained minerals of bentonite move upward through the internal vortex and are discharged through the φ150 overflow port, and the coarse particles move downward with the outer vortex and are discharged through the φ150 bottom flow port. The circulating flow and short-circuit flow are formed in the conical generator. When the inner vortex passes through the conical generator, it enters the φ75mm and φ50mm hydrocyclones through the circulating flow and short-circuit flow successively. The fine-grained minerals can be further sorted through the inner vortex and flow into the overflow port, thereby weakening the "overflow and coarseness" phenomenon.

[0042] Embodiment 2

[0043] Based on Example 1, see Figure 1-Figure 4 shown.

[0044] The multi-stage hydrocyclone 1 is connected to the mixing barrel 2, a fixing frame 3 is fixedly connected to the mixing barrel 2, a stirring assembly 4 is arranged on the fixing frame 3, and the stirring assembly 4 is composed of a motor, a stirring shaft and a stirring impeller. An overflow barrel 5 is arranged on one side of the multi-stage hydrocyclone 1;

[0045] Two discharge barrels 6 are fixedly connected to the mixing barrel 2, and the discharge barrels 6 are used to place dispersants and sodium-forming agents. The discharge barrels 6 are provided with baffle structures 7 that can move up and down. A rotatable ring body 8 is provided in the mixing barrel 2, and a connecting rod 9 is fixedly connected to the ring body 8. The connecting rod 9 is detachably connected to the stirring shaft on the stirring assembly 4. The ring body 8 is used in conjunction with the baffle structure 7 to achieve intermittent discharge of the discharge barrel 6. When the stirring component 4 is in operation, it will drive the ring body 8 to rotate through the connecting rod 9. Due to the special design of the top of the ring body 8, it will cooperate with the vertical rod 71 when the ring body 8 rotates. At the same time, under the pulling force of the spring 13, the vertical rod 71 will slide back and forth on the connecting frame 10, thereby driving the circular plate 72 to reciprocate up and down, thereby achieving intermittent blocking of the bottom of the discharge barrel 6, so that the dispersant and sodium agent in the discharge barrel 6 will be intermittently fed into the stirring barrel 2 and mixed with the bentonite. The amount of mixed material put in at one time is small, the mixing cycle is reduced, and the overall mixing efficiency is improved.

[0046] The top of the ring body 8 is higher at both sides and lower in the middle, and the two sides and the middle are connected by an inclined surface.

[0047] The baffle structure 7 includes a vertical rod 71 disposed on the lower material barrel 6 . The vertical rod 71 has a certain weight, and a circular plate 72 is fixedly connected to the surface of the vertical rod 71 .

[0048] A partition plate 14 is fixedly connected to the discharge barrel 6 . A side of the partition plate 14 close to the ring body 8 is provided with an arc surface. The height of the partition plate 14 is higher than that of the fixing frame 3 .

[0049] The discharge barrel 6 is provided with a cover plate 15 .

[0050] Embodiment 3

[0051] Based on Example 1, see Figure 4-Figure 7 shown.

[0052] A connecting frame 10 is fixedly connected to the discharge barrel 6, and the connecting frame 10 is slidably connected to the vertical rod 71. A cross frame 11 is fixedly connected in the discharge barrel 6, and an anti-blocking component 12 is arranged between the cross frame 11 and the baffle structure 7. The anti-blocking component 12 is used to prevent the dispersant and sodium agent in the discharge barrel 6 from being blocked.

[0053] The anti-blocking assembly 12 includes a rotating rod 121 rotatably connected to the horizontal frame 11, and a plurality of anti-blocking rods of different lengths are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod 121. A groove 122 is provided at the bottom end of the rotating rod 121, and the top end of the vertical rod 71 is located in the groove 122, and a clamping member 123 is provided between the vertical rod 71 and the groove 122. In the process of the vertical rod 71 reciprocating up and down, the convex rod 1231 and the clamping groove 1232 are used in coordination, so that the rotating rod 121 rotates and drives the anti-blocking rod to rotate, thereby exerting a stirring effect inside the lower barrel 6, which can prevent the dispersant and the sodium agent from being blocked in the lower barrel 6.

[0054] The clamping member 123 includes a protruding rod 1231 fixedly connected to the groove 122, and a clamping slot 1232 opened on the surface of the vertical rod 71. There are two protruding rods 1231 and two clamping slots 1232. One end of the protruding rod 1231 is located in the clamping slot 1232. The clamping slot 1232 is arranged in an arc shape.

[0055] Embodiment 4

[0056] In combination with Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 and Embodiment 3, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0057] The outer surface of the vertical rod 71 is sleeved with a spring 13, and the spring 13 is in an extended state. By providing the spring 13, when the vertical rod 71 cannot fall down by its own weight, the vertical rod 71 can be pulled down by the elastic force of the spring 13, thereby preventing the vertical rod 71 from falling. The spring 13 is fixedly connected to the circular plate 72 and the connecting frame respectively.

[0058] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: dispersant and sodiumizing agent are added to two feed barrels 6 respectively, at which time, the circular plate 72 and the feed barrel 6 are in a fitting state. Afterwards, bentonite is poured into the mixing barrel 2 from one side of the partition plate 14, and then the mixing assembly 4 is turned on; when the mixing assembly 4 is in operation, the ring body 8 is driven to rotate by the connecting rod 9. Due to the special design of the top of the ring body 8, the ring body 8 cooperates with the vertical rod 71 when the ring body 8 rotates. At the same time, under the pulling force of the spring 13, the vertical rod 71 slides up and down on the connecting frame 10, thereby driving the circular plate 72 to reciprocate up and down, thereby realizing intermittent blocking of the bottom of the feed barrel 6, so that the dispersant and sodiumizing agent in the feed barrel 6 will be intermittently fed into the mixing barrel 2 and mixed with the bentonite. The amount of mixed material put in at one time is small, which reduces the mixing cycle and improves the overall mixing efficiency. During the up and down reciprocating motion of the vertical rod 71, the convex rod 1231 and the card slot 1232 are used in conjunction to drive the rotating rod 121 to rotate, so that the rotating rod 121 rotates and drives the anti-blocking rod to rotate, thereby exerting a stirring effect inside the discharge barrel 6, which can prevent the dispersant and the sodium agent from being blocked in the discharge barrel 6.

[0059] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical method of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical method of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical method of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Soak the low-grade bentonite for 24 hours to allow it to fully expand; Step 2: Screen the expanded bentonite and discard the coarse particles on the screen; Step 3: Pour the product under the sieve, the dispersant and the sodium-forming agent into a stirring barrel (2) and mix and stir for a period of time to obtain a bentonite slurry; Step 4: The ore pulp is classified using multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones (1) to obtain a purified concentrate product, and at the same time, multiple particle size products can be obtained. All overflows are diluted and purified by a hydrocyclone group of φ25mm and φ10mm connected in series at a feed pressure of 0.4MPa to obtain a purified product.

2. A method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple multi-stage hydrocyclone (1) and the stirring barrel (2) are connected to each other, and an overflow barrel (5) is provided on one side of the multiple multi-stage hydrocyclone (1); The mixing barrel (2) is fixedly connected to two feeding barrels (6), the feeding barrels (6) are used to place dispersants and sodium-forming agents, the feeding barrels (6) are provided with baffle structures (7) that can move up and down, and the mixing barrel (2) is provided with a rotatable ring body (8), the ring body (8) and the baffle structure (7) are used in conjunction with each other to achieve intermittent feeding of the feeding barrel (6).

3. A method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the ring body (8) is arranged with two sides being higher and the middle being lower, and the two sides and the middle are connected with an inclined surface.

4. A method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 2, characterized in that: The baffle structure (7) comprises a vertical rod (71) arranged on the lower material barrel (6), and a circular plate (72) is fixedly connected to the surface of the vertical rod (71).

5. The method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting frame (10) is fixedly connected to the discharge barrel (6), and the connecting frame (10) is slidably connected to the vertical rod (71). A cross frame (11) is fixedly connected to the discharge barrel (6), and an anti-blocking component (12) is provided between the cross frame (11) and the baffle structure (7). The anti-blocking component (12) is used to prevent the dispersant and sodium agent in the discharge barrel (6) from being blocked.

6. A method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anti-blocking assembly (12) comprises a rotating rod (121) rotatably connected to the horizontal frame (11); a plurality of anti-blocking rods of different lengths are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating rod (121); a groove (122) is provided at the bottom end of the rotating rod (121); the top end of the vertical rod (71) is located in the groove (122); and a clamping piece (123) is provided between the vertical rod (71) and the groove (122).

7. A method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 6, characterized in that: The clamping member (123) comprises a protruding rod (1231) fixedly connected in the groove (122), and a clamping groove (1232) provided on the surface of the vertical rod (71); two protruding rods (1231) and two clamping grooves (1232) are provided, one end of the protruding rod (1231) is located in the clamping groove (1232), and the clamping groove (1232) is provided in an arc shape.

8. The method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer surface of the vertical rod (71) is sleeved with a spring (13), and the spring (13) is fixedly connected to the circular plate (72) and the connecting frame respectively.

9. The method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 4, characterized in that: A partition plate (14) is fixedly connected to the discharge barrel (6), and a side of the partition plate (14) close to the ring body (8) is provided with an arc surface.

10. The method for purifying bentonite based on multiple multi-stage hydrocyclones according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material discharge barrel (6) is provided with a cover plate (15).

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