Laser cutting head, laser cutting method and laser processing equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a laser cutting head, a laser cutting method and laser processing equipment, and relates to the field of laser processing. The laser cutting head comprises a first medium channel, a second medium channel, a medium mixing channel and an emission cavity. The first medium channel and the second medium channel are arranged in the circumferential direction of the laser cutting head. The first medium passage is used for providing a medium passage for a first medium, and the second medium passage is used for providing a medium passage for a second medium; the medium mixing passage is connected with the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the emission cavity; the medium mixing channel is configured to receive the first medium and the second medium and transmit the first medium and the second medium to the emission cavity. According to the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the invention, based on the compact structural design integrated on the laser cutting head, additional medium mixing equipment does not need to be adopted, and laser cutting under the mixed medium atmosphere can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of laser processing, and in particular, to a laser cutting head, a laser cutting method and laser processing equipment. Background Art

[0002] Laser processing has gradually expanded from simple punching and welding to cutting, marking, additive manufacturing, micro-machining and other fields. As one of the core technologies, laser cutting occupies an important position in metal processing, automobile manufacturing, aerospace and other industries due to its advantages of high precision, high speed and non-contact processing, and has gradually become an indispensable key process in modern manufacturing. With the development of various industries, the requirements for the efficiency and quality of laser cutting are constantly increasing.

[0003] In order to improve the quality and efficiency of laser cutting, auxiliary media can be used for laser cutting during the laser cutting process. Auxiliary media can help remove molten materials, cool the cutting area, avoid oxidation or contamination of the cut object to a great extent, and enhance the energy transfer effect of the laser. For example, air and nitrogen are common gas media for laser cutting. Nitrogen can effectively prevent oxidation of the cut object. Air cost is low. The use of auxiliary gas helps to improve cutting efficiency and improve cutting quality. In the prior art, mixed gas can also be used as auxiliary gas to assist laser cutting. The content and proportion of the auxiliary gas can be adaptively adjusted to meet the cutting requirements of different materials, thereby improving the overall processing efficiency and precision.

[0004] For the mixing of auxiliary media for laser cutting, such as the mixing of auxiliary gases for laser cutting, it is common to rely on a medium mixing device external to the laser cutting head to independently achieve the mixing of the media. Such a mixing solution has defects such as a long medium transmission path and potential medium transmission loss during the transmission process, resulting in the need to improve the efficiency and quality of laser cutting based on mixed media. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a laser cutting head, a laser cutting method and a laser processing equipment. Through the structural setting of the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage, efficient and uniform mixing of different auxiliary media for laser cutting is achieved in the laser cutting head, thereby greatly improving the laser cutting efficiency and quality of auxiliary laser cutting based on the mixed medium of the mixed first medium and the second medium.

[0006] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a laser cutting head, which includes: a first medium passage, a second medium passage, a medium mixing passage and an emission chamber; the first medium passage and the second medium passage are respectively arranged in the circumferential direction of the laser cutting head; the first medium passage is used to provide a medium passage for the first medium, and the second medium passage is used to provide a medium passage for the second medium; wherein the first medium and the second medium include a medium for assisting laser cutting during the laser cutting process; the medium mixing passage connects the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the emission chamber; the medium mixing passage is configured to receive the first medium and the second medium, and transmit the first medium and the second medium to the emission chamber.

[0007] In the above implementation process, the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application integrates the function of mixing auxiliary media for laser cutting into the laser cutting head. Through the first medium passage and the second medium passage, as well as the medium mixing passage, the first medium and the second medium of the target ratio and target pressure can be transmitted to the emission chamber, so as to realize laser cutting with the first medium and the second medium of the target ratio and pressure as mixed auxiliary media for laser cutting; because the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application can mix the first medium and the second medium with high uniformity and efficiency, it is achieved that the quality and efficiency of laser cutting are improved while controlling the cost of laser cutting.

[0008] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first medium passage includes a first flow limiting portion, and the second medium passage includes a second flow limiting portion; the first flow limiting portion is arranged in the first medium passage, and the second flow limiting portion is arranged in the second medium passage; wherein the first flow limiting portion is configured to control the medium flow rate of the first medium entering the launch chamber, and the second flow limiting portion is configured to control the medium flow rate of the second medium entering the launch chamber; wherein the flow limiting ratio of the first flow limiting portion to the first medium and the second flow limiting portion to the second medium is related to the target content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the launch chamber.

[0009] In the above implementation process, the flow distribution of the medium can be accurately controlled by the flow limiting part, for example, by designing flow limiting channels of different diameters. Furthermore, the structure of the channel-shaped flow limiting part can be simple and reliable, with low manufacturing cost and no need for complex adjustment mechanism, which is suitable for scenarios with fixed flow requirements. For media with different required flow rates, channels of different diameters can be optimized and designed according to the medium characteristics (such as viscosity, pressure), thereby achieving efficient flow control.

[0010] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first flow limiting portion includes a first flow limiting hole, and the second flow limiting portion includes a second flow limiting hole.

[0011] In the above implementation process, the flow-limiting hole structure realizes flow control by setting holes of different diameters in the flow-limiting part. The flow-limiting hole-shaped flow-limiting part has high flexibility and adaptability, and can meet various flow requirements by setting flow-limiting plates with different apertures. In addition, the flow-limiting hole structure can effectively reduce the turbulence and pressure loss of the medium flow, and is suitable for high-precision, low-energy consumption application scenarios.

[0012] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first flow limiting portion and / or the second flow limiting portion is provided with an aperture adjuster; the aperture adjuster is configured to adjust the aperture size of the first flow limiting hole and / or the second flow limiting hole.

[0013] In the above implementation process, the aperture regulator can adjust the opening of the flow limiting part in real time by mechanical or electronic means, and can dynamically control the flow and pressure of the medium. The aperture regulator is set in the flow limiting part so that the medium ratio in the emission chamber has extremely high flexibility and precision, which is suitable for occasions that require frequent flow adjustment or complex cutting requirements. In the face of different cutting requirements, there is no need to redesign and produce new laser cutting heads, thereby saving the company's R&D and inspection costs. In addition, the aperture regulator can also be integrated with the automation system to realize intelligent flow control, thereby coping with laser cutting with different cutting requirements and improving the efficiency and quality of laser cutting.

[0014] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the flow limiting ratio of the first flow limiting portion to the first medium to the flow limiting ratio of the second flow limiting portion to the second medium ranges from 3:4 to 3:12.

[0015] In the above implementation process, the embodiment of the present application can accurately control the mixing ratio of the medium in the launch chamber by setting the flow limiting ratio range of the first flow limiting part and the second flow limiting part to 3:4 to 3:12. For example, in an application scenario where the ratio of nitrogen to air is 2:8, accurate distribution of the medium can be achieved by adjusting the size ratio of the flow limiting hole or the flow limiting channel.

[0016] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first medium passage also includes a first proportional valve and a first one-way valve, and the second medium passage also includes a second proportional valve and a second one-way valve; the first one-way valve and the first flow limiting portion are arranged between the first proportional valve and the medium mixing passage; the second one-way valve and the second flow limiting portion are arranged between the second proportional valve and the medium mixing passage; wherein the first one-way valve and the second one-way valve are connected in the transmission direction of the medium to the launch chamber; wherein the first proportional valve is configured to modulate the medium pressure of the first medium, and the second proportional valve is configured to modulate the medium pressure of the second medium; the medium pressure of the first medium and the medium pressure of the second medium are related to the target content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the launch chamber.

[0017] In the above implementation process, the first medium passage and the second medium passage of the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application are respectively provided with a proportional valve, a one-way valve and a flow limiting part. The proportional valve can accurately adjust the pressure of the medium, and the one-way valve prevents the medium from flowing back, ensuring the stability of the flow direction and the reliability of the system. The flow limiting part further controls the flow of the medium, optimizes the mixing ratio and reduces pressure fluctuations. The setting of the flow limiting part ensures that when the proportion of the medium in the emission chamber fluctuates due to the proportional valve or other parts of the system, the proportion of the medium is kept within the target range as much as possible; the setting of the proportional valve, the one-way valve and the flow limiting part enables the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application to meet the needs of different cutting processes. The combined design of the proportional valve, the one-way valve and the flow limiting part of the first medium passage and the second medium passage of the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application significantly improves the accuracy, stability and adaptability of the medium control, thereby improving the quality, efficiency and consistency of laser cutting.

[0018] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the medium mixing passage includes a plurality of mixing sub-passages with openings; the plurality of mixing sub-passages, and the mixing sub-passages and the emission cavity are connected in sequence through the openings; wherein the number of openings connecting two adjacent mixing sub-passages is positively correlated with the degree to which the mixing sub-passages are close to the emission cavity; wherein the opening of the mixing sub-passage emission cavity connected to the emission cavity is arranged toward the protective mirror of the laser cutting head.

[0019] In the above implementation process, the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application sequentially connects multiple mixing sub-paths and between the mixing sub-paths and the emission chamber through openings. After the first medium and the second medium enter the mixing sub-path from the medium path, they are transferred and uniformly mixed in the mixing sub-path and finally reach the emission chamber. It is possible to achieve efficient mixing and precise control of the medium, ensuring that the medium has a uniform proportion and stable flow characteristics when entering the emission chamber, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of laser cutting, while also reducing medium consumption and energy loss, and meeting the needs of different materials and cutting processes.

[0020] Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, the projections of the multiple openings of the mixing sub-channels on the cross section orthogonal to the direction of the nozzle of the laser cutting head do not overlap or do not completely overlap.

[0021] In the above-mentioned implementation process, the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application has a staggered opening distribution which not only increases the mixing time and contact area of ​​the medium, but also reduces turbulence and pressure fluctuations; the transfer of the medium between the mixing sub-channel and the emission cavity is more uniform and stable, which significantly improves the mixing effect and flow control accuracy, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of laser cutting.

[0022] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the laser cutting head further includes a first gas mixing body and a second gas mixing body; the first gas mixing body is arranged close to the second gas mixing body, and a medium mixing passage is formed by a gap therebetween.

[0023] In the above-mentioned implementation process, the medium mixing passage provided in the embodiment of the present application is composed of a first gas mixing body and a second gas mixing body. The medium mixing passage is formed by the gap between the split gas mixing bodies, which simplifies the manufacturing process, improves the convenience of assembly and maintenance, and at the same time enhances the manufacturing accuracy and adaptability, reduces the overall cost, and provides significant advantages for the processing and manufacturing of laser cutting heads.

[0024] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first gas mixing body includes a first surface and a second surface; wherein the first surface is close to the second gas mixing body and forms a medium mixing passage between the first surface and the second gas mixing body; the second surface constitutes or partially constitutes the launch cavity.

[0025] In the above implementation process, the laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application, after the medium is evenly mixed in the mixing passage, directly enters the emission chamber, reducing the flow path and energy loss, thereby improving the efficiency, accuracy and stability of laser cutting. In addition, the integrated design simplifies the structure of the laser cutting head, reduces the turbulence and pressure fluctuations of the medium flow, and further optimizes the cutting quality and equipment performance.

[0026] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the mixing sub-passage is disposed in a housing of the laser cutting head and is disposed around the emission cavity.

[0027] In the above implementation process, the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application can integrate the mixing sub-channel inside the laser cutting head, which can significantly shorten the transmission path of the medium, reduce energy loss and pressure fluctuations, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of medium mixing; at the same time, the use of consumables is reduced due to the integration in the laser cutting head. The internal setting can also achieve a more compact structural design, improve the integration and portability of the equipment, while reducing the interference of the external environment on the flow of the medium, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the cutting process. In addition, the internal mixing sub-channel can respond to changes in flow and pressure more quickly, and meet the needs of high-precision and high-efficiency laser cutting.

[0028] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the medium mixing passage includes a first mixing sub-passage having a first opening, a second mixing sub-passage having b second openings, and a third mixing sub-passage having a third opening; wherein b is an integer multiple of a; the first mixing sub-passage is connected to the second mixing sub-passage through the first opening, the second mixing sub-passage is connected to the third mixing sub-passage through the second opening, and the third mixing sub-passage is connected to the launch chamber through the third opening.

[0029] In the above-mentioned implementation process, the number of openings of the first opening of the first mixing sub-channel and the second opening of the second mixing sub-channel of the medium mixing channel of the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application gradually increases exponentially, which can realize graded mixing of the medium, increase the contact area and mixing time of the medium, improve the mixing uniformity, and at the same time disperse the pressure of the medium flow, reducing turbulence and energy loss.

[0030] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first mixing sub-passageway and the second mixing sub-passageway do not overlap in the radial direction of the laser cutting head, and the second mixing sub-passageway and the third mixing sub-passageway overlap in the axial direction of the laser cutting head.

[0031] In the above-mentioned implementation process, the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application can achieve multi-level and multi-directional mixing of the medium, increase the contact area and mixing time of the medium, and thus improve the mixing uniformity and efficiency by making the first mixing sub-passageway and the second mixing sub-passageway not overlap in the radial direction of the laser cutting head, and making the second mixing sub-passageway and the third mixing sub-passageway overlap in the axial direction.

[0032] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the laser cutting head also includes a medium concentration sensor and a medium pressure sensor; the medium concentration sensor and the medium pressure sensor are arranged in the launching chamber; the medium concentration sensor is configured to monitor the concentration of the first medium or the second medium in the launching chamber, and the medium pressure sensor is configured to monitor the pressure of the first medium or the second medium in the launching chamber.

[0033] In the above implementation process, by setting the medium concentration sensor and medium pressure sensor in the mixing chamber, the concentration and pressure state of the medium can be monitored in real time, and the precise mixing and stable flow of the medium can be achieved through dynamic adjustment and / or feedback control. This significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of laser cutting, can adapt to different material and process requirements, and provides reliable guarantee for high-precision and high-quality laser cutting.

[0034] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first medium passage and the second medium passage are symmetrically arranged relative to the laser cutting head.

[0035] In the above implementation process, by symmetrically arranging the first medium passage and the second medium passage relative to the laser cutting head, an airflow counter-action effect is formed, which can significantly improve the mixing uniformity and flow stability of the medium. The symmetrically arranged airflows collide with each other in the mixing chamber, increasing the contact area and mixing efficiency of the medium, and ensuring that the medium has a uniform proportion and stable pressure distribution when entering the emission chamber.

[0036] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage are arranged in an axial direction close to a nozzle of the laser cutting head.

[0037] In the above-mentioned implementation process, the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application can significantly shorten the transmission path of the medium by arranging the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage in the axial direction close to the nozzle of the laser cutting head, so that the medium can be quickly and evenly mixed before entering the nozzle, thereby ensuring precise control of the medium ratio and flow characteristics during the cutting process, reducing energy loss and pressure fluctuations, and thus improving the efficiency and stability of medium mixing.

[0038] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the first medium passage and the second medium passage are respectively provided with a medium filter; the medium filter is configured to block substances that are not smaller than the pore size of the medium filter.

[0039] In the above implementation process, by respectively arranging the medium filter screens in the first medium passage and the second medium passage, impurities and particles in the medium can be effectively filtered to prevent them from entering the mixing passage and the emission chamber, thereby avoiding nozzle blockage or reduction in cutting quality. This improves the purity and stability of the medium flow, prolongs the service life of the equipment, and ensures the cutting accuracy.

[0040] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a laser cutting method, which is applied to the laser cutting head of the first aspect of the present application, and the laser cutting method includes: transmitting a first medium into a medium mixing passage through a first medium passage, and transmitting a second medium into a medium mixing passage through a second medium passage; wherein the first medium and the second medium include media used to assist laser cutting during the laser cutting process; based on the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage connected thereto, the first medium and the second medium are transmitted to the emission cavity.

[0041] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, a first medium is transmitted into a medium mixing passage through a first medium passage, and a second medium is transmitted into a medium mixing passage through a second medium passage, including: controlling the first medium to pass through a first proportional valve, and based on the first proportional valve, modulating the pressure of the first medium to a first medium target pressure; and controlling the second medium to pass through a second proportional valve, and based on the second proportional valve, modulating the pressure of the second medium to a second medium target pressure.

[0042] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, a first medium is transmitted into a medium mixing passage through a first medium passage, and a second medium is transmitted into a medium mixing passage through a second medium passage, including: controlling the first medium to pass through a first flow limiting portion, and based on the first flow limiting portion, modulating the flow of the first medium to a first target flow; and controlling the second medium to pass through a second flow limiting portion, and based on the second flow limiting portion, modulating the flow of the second medium to a second target flow.

[0043] In the above implementation process, the laser cutting method implemented based on the above laser cutting head can achieve efficient, uniform mixing and stable flow of the media by accurately controlling the pressure, flow rate and mixing ratio (such as 2:8) of the first medium (such as nitrogen) and the second medium (such as oxygen), and combining sensor feedback and dynamic adjustment, thereby significantly improving the efficiency, accuracy and consistency of laser cutting. This method can adapt to a variety of materials and complex process requirements, and provides reliable guarantee for high-quality and high-stability laser cutting.

[0044] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a laser processing device, wherein the laser processing device includes the laser cutting head described in the first aspect of the present application.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores program instructions, and when the processor reads and runs the program instructions, it executes the steps in any implementation method of the above-mentioned second aspect.

[0046] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer program instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program instructions are read and executed by a processor, the steps in any implementation method of the above-mentioned second aspect are executed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 A first schematic diagram of a laser cutting head provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of a current limiting portion provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 3 A second schematic diagram of a laser cutting head provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of a medium mixing passage provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a medium mixing passage provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 6An example diagram of a first hybrid sub-path provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 7 An example diagram of a second hybrid sub-path provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 8 An example diagram of a third hybrid sub-path provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Fig. 9 A flow chart of a laser cutting method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Fig.10 An example diagram of a control framework diagram of a laser cutting head provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Icons: laser cutting head-1000; axial direction-D, radial direction-R; circumferential direction-C; first gas mixing body-A; first surface-S1; second surface-S2; second gas mixing body-B; first medium passage-100; first flow limiting part-110; first proportional valve-120; first one-way valve-130; second medium passage-200; second flow limiting part-210; second proportional valve-220; second one-way valve-230; medium mixing passage-300; mixing sub-passage-310; opening-320; first opening-321; second opening-322; third opening-323; first mixing sub-passage-311; second mixing sub-passage-312; third mixing sub-passage-313; launching chamber-400; medium concentration sensor-500; medium pressure sensor-600; medium filter-700. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0061] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for which protection is sought, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0062] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0063] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the application is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0064] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0065] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0066] In the field of laser cutting, the use of mixed media to assist laser cutting is a technical solution that helps improve cutting quality and cutting efficiency. By adjusting the content and proportion of the mixed auxiliary media, it can meet the cutting requirements of different materials and improve processing efficiency and precision.

[0067] The mixed medium in the embodiments of the present application may be an auxiliary medium that can be used to assist laser cutting and improve the efficiency and quality of laser cutting, and may be an auxiliary gas, an auxiliary liquid, or an auxiliary solid; wherein the auxiliary gas, for example, nitrogen and other gaseous substances that are helpful for laser cutting; the auxiliary liquid, for example, water and other liquid substances that are helpful for laser cutting; the auxiliary solid, for example, a specific solid powder and other solid substances that are helpful for laser cutting. The introduction of the laser cutting head, laser cutting method, and laser processing equipment in the embodiments of the present application is mainly based on auxiliary gas. In actual applications, the technical solution of using other auxiliary liquids or auxiliary solids, or other auxiliary media for laser cutting is also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0068] In the field of laser cutting, micro-oxygen cutting is a common cutting method that relies on mixed gas medium as auxiliary gas for laser cutting. It uses low-concentration oxygen as auxiliary gas during the cutting process to achieve efficient and high-quality cutting. Micro-oxygen cutting technology is mainly suitable for cutting metal materials such as carbon steel. Its core principle is to use oxygen to react with high-temperature metal to release additional heat, thereby accelerating the cutting process and improving cutting efficiency.

[0069] In practical applications, micro-oxygen cutting is usually achieved based on a mixture of air and nitrogen. Nitrogen can effectively prevent material oxidation and is suitable for cutting highly reflective materials such as stainless steel and aluminum alloy, but it is more expensive. Air has a lower cost, but a higher oxygen content, which can easily lead to material oxidation and affect cutting quality. Therefore, in the laser cutting process, it is necessary to better control the ratio of nitrogen and air. While reducing the cutting cost, achieving high-quality and efficient laser cutting has become a key technical issue.

[0070] At present, the mixing of laser cutting auxiliary gas mainly depends on the gas mixing device externally installed on the laser cutting head. Although the gas mixing device externally installed on the laser cutting head can complete the gas mixing, it also has many problems.

[0071] First, because the mixing device is separated from the laser cutting head, the mixed gas needs to go through a long transmission path to reach the cutting area, and the construction of the transmission path often requires the use of joints and pipelines for setting up, which invisibly increases the number of joints in the entire laser processing equipment, increases the risk of gas leakage, and thus reduces the overall safety and reliability of the equipment. In addition, long-distance transmission will also cause fluctuations in gas pressure and concentration, affecting the stability of the cutting process.

[0072] Therefore, the above-mentioned problems existing in the gas mixing device external to the laser cutting head for laser cutting jointly restrict the cutting efficiency and quality of laser cutting based on mixed gas.

[0073] Based on this, the present application proposes a laser cutting head, a laser cutting method and a laser processing device. The laser cutting head is provided with a first medium passage, a second medium passage and a medium mixing passage. During the laser cutting process, the first medium and the second medium enter the medium mixing passage through the first medium passage and the second medium passage respectively, and then the mixed first medium and the second medium are transmitted to the emission cavity through the medium mixing passage, and are emitted by the emission cavity to assist laser cutting. The laser cutting head provided by the embodiment of the present application realizes efficient and uniform mixing of different auxiliary media for laser cutting in the laser cutting head based on the structural setting of the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage, thereby greatly improving the laser cutting efficiency and quality of auxiliary laser cutting based on the mixed medium of the mixed first medium and the second medium.

[0074] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 The first schematic diagram of the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application; the present application provides a laser cutting head 1000. The laser cutting head 1000 includes: a first medium passage 100, a second medium passage 200, a medium mixing passage 300 and an emission chamber 400.

[0075] The first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are respectively arranged in the circumferential direction C of the laser cutting head 1000 .

[0076] It should be noted that, for the sake of convenience, the embodiment of the present application introduces 1000 axial direction D, circumferential direction C and radial direction R involving the laser cutting head. The axial direction D refers to the main axis direction of the laser cutting head, which is usually consistent with the propagation direction of the laser beam; the circumferential direction C refers to the direction of rotation around the main axis of the laser cutting head; the radial direction R refers to the direction radiating outward from the main axis of the laser cutting head, which is perpendicular to the axial direction D.

[0077] Exemplarily, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are arranged inside the housing of the laser cutting head 1000, and are combined with the original laser cutting head 1000 without the medium passage to form a compact laser cutting head 1000 capable of mixing the first medium and the second medium. The method of integration into the existing laser cutting head 1000 effectively shortens the transmission path of the medium, and can achieve the purpose of efficient and uniform mixing of the auxiliary medium for laser cutting without changing the existing volume of the laser cutting head 1000.

[0078] Exemplarily, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are respectively arranged outside the laser cutting passage housing, which can be understood as the first medium passage 100 and the second passage are respectively arranged around the outer shell of the laser cutting head 1000 to achieve mixing of the first medium and the second medium. The first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are separately arranged outside the laser cutting head 1000, which is conducive to the maintenance of the medium passage and reduces the production process and production cost of the laser cutting head 1000.

[0079] Exemplarily, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 may be partially disposed inside the housing of the laser cutting head 1000 and partially disposed outside the housing of the laser cutting head 1000. For example, a portion that is difficult to maintain is disposed outside, or a portion that requires high-frequency adjustment or control (such as a valve, etc.) is disposed outside.

[0080] In the above implementation process, the first medium passage 100 is used to provide a medium passage for the first medium, and the second medium passage 200 is used to provide a medium passage for the second medium. The first medium and the second medium include media used to assist laser cutting during laser cutting. In practical applications, one of the first medium and the second medium is a primary auxiliary medium and the other is a secondary auxiliary medium, and the content of the primary auxiliary medium is usually higher than that of the secondary auxiliary medium.

[0081] Exemplarily, the auxiliary medium is, for example, an auxiliary gas, an auxiliary liquid or an auxiliary solid; wherein the auxiliary gas is a gaseous substance that is helpful for laser cutting, such as nitrogen, etc. The auxiliary liquid is a liquid substance that is helpful for laser cutting, such as water, etc. The auxiliary solid is a solid substance that is helpful for laser cutting, such as a specific solid powder, etc.

[0082] For common auxiliary gases: nitrogen, oxygen, air, etc., nitrogen can not only improve the efficiency of laser cutting, but also effectively prevent the oxidation of the cut material, but the cost of nitrogen is relatively high; air can improve the efficiency of laser cutting and has a low cost, but the oxygen content in the air is high, which can easily lead to oxidation of the material, thus affecting the cutting quality. In the field of laser cutting, if pure oxygen or pure air is used, the cost is high and the economic practicality is poor; therefore, it is necessary to accurately control the proportion of different gas mixtures, not only to ensure the quality of laser cutting, but also to reduce the cutting cost.

[0083] For example, the first medium and the second medium are air and nitrogen respectively. Air is the main auxiliary gas, and its pressure value is directly related to the material and thickness; nitrogen is the secondary auxiliary gas, and its pressure value is not only related to the material and thickness, but also needs to be finely adjusted according to the oxygen concentration of the corresponding mixed gas.

[0084] The medium mixing passage 300 connects the first medium passage 100, the second medium passage 200 and the launch cavity 400; the medium mixing passage 300 is configured to receive the first medium and the second medium, and transmit the first medium and the second medium to the launch cavity 400. Figure 1 As shown, the first medium and the second medium enter the medium mixing passage 300 through the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 respectively, and the medium mixing passage 300 transmits the mixed first medium and second medium to the emission chamber 400 .

[0085] Take auxiliary gas as an example, Figure 1 As shown, the first medium passage 100 is used to provide a passage for the first auxiliary gas, and the second medium passage 200 is used to provide a passage for the second auxiliary gas; the first auxiliary gas and the second auxiliary gas enter the laser cutting head 1000 from the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 respectively; the first auxiliary gas and the second auxiliary gas are transmitted to the medium mixing passage 300 through the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 respectively, and the first auxiliary gas and the second auxiliary gas are transmitted to the emission chamber 400 after passing through the medium mixing passage 300, and are emitted from the nozzle of the laser cutting head 1000 through the emission chamber 400 to assist laser cutting.

[0086] With respect to the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200, in some embodiments, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are configured as coaxial annular passages, for example, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are configured as different radial dimensions, and are arranged consistently in the axial direction D; for example, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are configured as the same radial dimensions, and do not overlap in the axial direction D; if the first medium passage 100 is configured in the first axial region, and the second medium passage 200 is configured in the second axial region, the first medium and the second medium enter the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 relative to each other in the axial direction D, and finally enter the mixed gas passage at the same horizontal plane.

[0087] With respect to the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200, in some embodiments, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are parallel and axially symmetrical with the axial direction D of the laser cutting head 1000 as the axis of symmetry. For example, the first medium passage 100 is arranged on the first side of the laser cutting head 1000, and the second medium passage 200 is arranged on the second side of the laser cutting head 1000, and the first side and the second side are axially symmetrical with the central axis of the laser cutting head 1000 as the axis of symmetry, and the structure of the first medium passage 100 on the first side of the laser cutting head 1000 is the same as the structure of the second medium passage 200 on the second side of the laser cutting head 1000. In this case, the structures of the first medium passage 100 on the first side and the second medium passage 200 on the second side can be spiral, "J"-shaped, maze-shaped, etc. in the axial direction D, respectively.

[0088] Regarding the medium mixing passage 300, in some embodiments, the medium mixing passage 300 can be configured as a vortex chamber, and the first medium and the second medium enter the chamber through a tangential inlet to form a rotating airflow in the vortex chamber, thereby achieving sufficient mixing.

[0089] Regarding the medium mixing passage 300, in some embodiments, the medium mixing passage 300 adopts a venturi tube design, and the first medium and the second medium pass through the contraction section and expansion section of the venturi tube, and are fully mixed by using pressure difference and flow rate changes.

[0090] Regarding the medium mixing passage 300, in some embodiments, the medium mixing passage 300 is designed as a multi-layer staggered flow channel, and the first medium and the second medium enter the flow channels at different levels respectively, and the gradual mixing of the media is achieved through the staggered design of the flow channels.

[0091] For the inner wall of the medium mixing passage 300, optionally, the material selection of the inner wall of the medium mixing passage needs to be determined according to the chemical properties of the gas and the operating conditions. Common materials include stainless steel (suitable for non-corrosive gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen), titanium alloys (suitable for corrosive gases or high temperature environments), nickel-based alloys (such as Hastelloy, suitable for highly corrosive gases), ceramics (suitable for high temperature or high wear environments) and polymer materials (such as PTFE, suitable for corrosive gases or high cleanliness environments). Material selection needs to comprehensively consider corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, wear resistance and processing difficulty. For the inner wall of the medium mixing passage 300, optionally, the inner wall performance can be improved by surface modification (i.e., avoiding coating or coating technology on the inner wall), including polishing (improving smoothness and reducing flow resistance), chrome plating (improving hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance), nickel plating (improving corrosion resistance and smoothness), ceramic coating (improving high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance) and PTFE coating (providing excellent corrosion resistance and low surface energy to prevent impurities from adhering). Surface modification can significantly extend channel life and optimize gas flow performance.

[0092] For the inner wall of the medium mixing passage 300, optionally, or for different gases, the adaptation scheme needs to combine material selection and surface modification. For example, oxygen can use a stainless steel inner wall and be nickel-plated or chromium-plated to prevent oxidation; nitrogen can use a stainless steel or aluminum alloy inner wall and be polished, etc.

[0093] It should be noted that the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are connected to the first medium source and the second medium source respectively; illustratively, the first medium and the second medium are nitrogen and air respectively, then one of the medium passages is connected to the air compressor, and the other medium passage is connected to the nitrogen cylinder.

[0094] pass Figure 1 It can be seen that the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application integrates the function of mixing auxiliary media for laser cutting in the laser cutting head 1000. Through the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200, and the medium mixing passage 300, the first medium and the second medium of the target ratio and target pressure can be transmitted to the emission chamber 400, so as to realize laser cutting with the first medium and the second medium of the target ratio and pressure as the mixed auxiliary medium for laser cutting; because the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application can mix the first medium and the second medium with high uniformity and efficiency, it is realized that while improving the quality and efficiency of laser cutting, the cost of laser cutting is controlled.

[0095] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 A partial schematic diagram of a flow limiter provided in an embodiment of the present application; in an optional implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the first medium passage 100 includes a first flow limiter 110 , and the second medium passage 200 includes a second flow limiter 210 .

[0096] The first flow limiting portion 110 is disposed in the first medium passage 100 , and the second flow limiting portion 210 is disposed in the second medium passage 200 .

[0097] In the above implementation process, in order to control the flow of the first medium and the second medium entering the medium mixing passage 300 and the emission chamber 400 of the laser cutting head 1000, the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application is provided with a first flow limiting portion 110 in the first medium passage 100 and a second flow limiting portion 210 in the second medium passage 200. The first flow limiting portion 110 is configured to control the medium flow of the first medium entering the emission chamber 400, and the second flow limiting portion 210 is configured to control the medium flow of the second medium entering the emission chamber 400; the flow limiting ratio of the first flow limiting portion 110 to the first medium and the second flow limiting portion 210 to the second medium is related to the target content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the emission chamber 400.

[0098] In an optional embodiment, the structure of the first flow restriction portion 110 and the second flow restriction portion 210 is set to a channel of a certain length, and the radial dimension of the channel is related to the preset flow rate of the first medium and the second medium entering the medium mixing passage 300 and the emission chamber 400 of the laser cutting head 1000. Exemplarily, assuming that the target content ratio of controlling the first medium entering the medium mixing passage 300 and the emission chamber 400 and the second medium entering the medium mixing passage 300 and the emission chamber 400 is 3:7, then the radial dimensions of the above-mentioned channel-type first flow restriction portion 110 and the second flow restriction portion 210 can be set to 3:7, so as to achieve a content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the emission chamber 400 of 3:7.

[0099] In the above implementation process, by designing flow-limiting channels of different diameters, the flow distribution of the medium can be accurately controlled. The structure of the channel-shaped flow-limiting part is simple and reliable, with low manufacturing cost and no need for complex adjustment mechanism, which is suitable for scenarios with fixed flow requirements. For media with different required flow rates, channels of different diameters can be optimized according to the medium characteristics (such as viscosity and pressure), thereby achieving efficient flow control.

[0100] In an optional embodiment, the first flow limiting portion 110 includes a first flow limiting hole, and the second flow limiting portion 210 includes a second flow limiting hole. For example, assuming that the target content ratio of the first medium entering the medium mixing passage 300 and the launch chamber 400 and the second medium entering the medium mixing passage 300 and the launch chamber 400 is 3:7, the radial size of the above-mentioned flow limiting hole can be set to 3:7 to achieve a content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the launch chamber 400 of 3:7. In some possible embodiments, multiple flow limiting holes with stepped reduction can be set in the first flow limiting portion 110 and the second flow limiting portion 210, respectively, to finally achieve the content of the first medium and the second medium in the launch chamber 400 at the target content ratio.

[0101] In the above implementation process, the flow-limiting hole structure realizes flow control by setting holes of different diameters in the flow-limiting part. The flow-limiting hole-shaped flow-limiting part has high flexibility and adaptability, and can meet various flow requirements by setting flow-limiting plates with different apertures. In addition, the flow-limiting hole structure can effectively reduce the turbulence and pressure loss of the medium flow, and is suitable for high-precision, low-energy consumption application scenarios.

[0102] In an optional embodiment, the first flow limiting part 110 and the second flow limiting part 210 are designed with a venturi tube, and the medium flow rate is automatically adjusted through the venturi effect. The design structure of the flow limiting part based on the venturi tube is simple, the reliability is high, and no external power is required. It is automatically adjusted by the medium flow; it is suitable for high-flow and high-speed cutting scenes.

[0103] In an optional embodiment, the first flow limiting part 110 and / or the second flow limiting part 210 are provided with an aperture adjuster; the aperture adjuster is configured to adjust the aperture size of the first flow limiting hole and / or the second flow limiting hole. The aperture adjuster, for example, is an adjustment device that can adjust the aperture of the first flow limiting hole and the second flow limiting hole, such as an electromagnetic aperture adjustment valve, a rotary throttle valve, a ball valve, etc.

[0104] For example, an electromagnetic aperture regulating valve is a device that controls the valve opening by electromagnetic force to adjust the fluid flow. When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the electromagnetic force generated drives the valve core to move, changing the gap between the valve core and the valve seat, thereby adjusting the aperture size through which the fluid passes. In the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the magnitude and direction of the current, the position of the valve core can be accurately adjusted to achieve continuous and rapid regulation of the flow rate.

[0105] For example, a ball valve is a valve that controls the flow of fluid and adjusts the flow rate by rotating the ball. When the valve stem rotates 90 degrees, the ball rotates accordingly, and when the through hole is aligned with the pipeline, the valve is fully open and the fluid passes through; when the ball rotates until the through hole is perpendicular to the pipeline, the valve is closed and the fluid is blocked. In the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application, by controlling the rotation angle of the ball, the through hole can be partially opened to achieve continuous adjustment of the flow rate.

[0106] For example, in the embodiment of the present application, the size of the first flow limiting hole and the second flow limiting hole can be changed by mechanical means, for example, a mechanical structure can be used to change the aperture size of the first flow limiting hole or the second flow limiting hole by rotating multiple pieces in the radial direction.

[0107] It can be seen that the aperture regulator can adjust the opening of the flow limiting part in real time by mechanical or electronic means, and can dynamically control the flow and pressure of the medium. The aperture regulator is set in the flow limiting part so that the medium ratio in the launch chamber 400 has extremely high flexibility and precision, which is suitable for occasions that require frequent flow adjustment or complex cutting requirements. In the face of different cutting requirements, there is no need to redesign and produce new laser cutting heads, thereby saving the company's R&D and inspection costs. In addition, the aperture regulator can also be integrated with the automation system to realize intelligent flow control, thereby coping with laser cutting with different cutting requirements and improving the efficiency and quality of laser cutting.

[0108] In an optional embodiment, the ratio of the flow limiting ratio of the first flow limiting portion 110 to the first medium to the flow limiting ratio of the second flow limiting portion 210 to the second medium ranges from 3:4 to 3:12.

[0109] For application scenarios that require a target ratio of nitrogen and air, assuming that the ratio of nitrogen and air in the launch chamber 400 is controlled to be 2:8, the flow limiting ratio range of the first medium and the second medium by the first flow limiting portion 110 and the second flow limiting portion 210 can be set to 3:4 to 3:12.

[0110] That is to say, in the above implementation process, the nitrogen flow limiting hole should be significantly smaller than the air flow limiting hole. Assuming that nitrogen is the first medium and air is the second medium, the radial size range of the channel-shaped first flow limiting portion 110 and the second flow limiting portion 210 should be 3:4 to 3:12. If it is a flow limiting hole, the aperture ratio range of the first flow limiting hole and the second flow limiting hole should be 3:4 to 3:12. If it is an aperture adjustment machine, the aperture adjuster is controlled to adjust the aperture ratio of the first flow limiting hole and the second flow limiting hole to the range of 3:4 to 3:12.

[0111] It should be noted that the current limiting ratio setting of the first current limiting part 110 and the second current limiting part 210 is closely related to the material to be cut. Different materials have different requirements for auxiliary media. For example, when cutting carbon steel, micro-oxygen is required to assist in slag removal. When cutting stainless steel, micro-oxygen is also required to assist in cutting and increase cutting efficiency. Therefore, the setting of the current limiting ratio needs to be optimized and adjusted according to the physical and chemical properties of the material (such as thermal conductivity, oxidizability, melting point, etc.) and the cutting process requirements (such as cutting speed, slit quality, etc.). By reasonably setting the current limiting ratio, the cutting efficiency and quality can be significantly improved, while reducing medium consumption and processing costs.

[0112] It can be seen that the embodiment of the present application can accurately control the mixing ratio of the medium in the emission chamber 400 by setting the flow limiting ratio range of the first flow limiting portion 110 and the second flow limiting portion 210 to 3:4 to 3:12. For example, in the application scenario of micro-oxygen cutting, which is common in the cutting method that relies on mixed gas medium as auxiliary gas for laser cutting, if the ratio of nitrogen to air needs to be controlled to 2:8, the precise distribution of the medium can be achieved by adjusting the size ratio of the flow limiting hole or the flow limiting channel.

[0113] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 A second schematic diagram of a laser cutting head provided in an embodiment of the present application; in an optional implementation of an embodiment of the present application, the first medium passage 100 also includes a first proportional valve 120 and a first one-way valve 130, and the second medium passage 200 also includes a second proportional valve 220 and a second one-way valve 230.

[0114] The first check valve 130 and the first flow restriction 110 are disposed between the first proportional valve 120 and the medium mixing passage 300 , and the second check valve 230 and the second flow restriction 210 are disposed between the second proportional valve 220 and the medium mixing passage 300 .

[0115] The first one-way valve 130 and the second one-way valve 230 are connected in the direction of the medium being transmitted to the launch chamber 400. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that a one-way valve is a mechanical device that allows a medium (such as a gas or liquid) to flow in a single direction and prevents reverse flow, and generally contains a valve core (such as a spring-loaded valve flap or a sphere) inside, which opens during forward flow and automatically closes during reverse flow, thereby ensuring the one-way flow of the medium and preventing backflow or pressure fluctuations. At the same time, in some embodiments, it is convenient to use a single gas to leak from the air inlet of another medium passage. For example, when only air is passed, the nitrogen proportional valve is closed, and no gas is passed into the nitrogen inlet. The one-way valve arranged in the nitrogen passage can prevent air from leaking through the nitrogen side air inlet of the laser head.

[0116] The first proportional valve 120 is configured to modulate the medium pressure of the first medium, and the second proportional valve 220 is configured to modulate the medium pressure of the second medium; the medium pressure of the first medium and the medium pressure of the second medium are related to the target content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the launch chamber 400. It should be noted that the first proportional valve 120 and the second proportional valve 220 used in the embodiment of the present application are control valves that can accurately adjust the pressure of the medium (such as gas or liquid) according to the input signal (such as an electrical signal or a gas pressure signal), and realize continuous and proportional control of the pressure by dynamically adjusting the position or opening of the valve core. In the embodiment of the present application, in order to control the pressure of the first medium and the second medium in the mixing chamber respectively, the pressure in the mixing chamber is controlled by accurately adjusting the first proportional valve 120 and the second proportional valve 220 respectively.

[0117] Optionally, the first proportional valve 120, the first check valve 130, the first flow limiting part 110 and the medium mixing passage 300 are sequentially arranged. In this arrangement, the first flow limiting part 110 is closer to the medium mixing passage 300, and the control effect on the flow rate of the target medium is better.

[0118] Optionally, the first proportional valve 120, the first flow limiting part 110, the first check valve 130 and the medium mixing passage 300 are sequentially arranged. This arrangement arranges the first check valve 130 after the flow limiting part, which can effectively prevent the medium from flowing back or the pressure fluctuation from affecting the flow limiting part and the proportional valve, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the system.

[0119] pass Figure 3It can be seen that the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 of the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application are respectively provided with a proportional valve, a one-way valve and a flow limiting part. The proportional valve can accurately adjust the pressure of the medium, the one-way valve prevents the medium from flowing back, ensures the stability of the flow direction and the reliability of the system, and the flow limiting part further controls the flow of the medium, optimizes the mixing ratio and reduces pressure fluctuations; the settings of the proportional valve, the one-way valve and the flow limiting part enable the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application to meet the requirements of different cutting processes. The combined design of the proportional valve, the one-way valve and the flow limiting part of the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 of the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application significantly improves the accuracy, stability and adaptability of the medium control, thereby improving the quality, efficiency and consistency of laser cutting.

[0120] Please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 , Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of a medium mixing passage provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a medium mixing passage provided in an embodiment of the present application. In an optional implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the medium mixing passage 300 includes a plurality of mixing sub-passages 310 having openings 320 .

[0121] The multiple mixing sub-passages 310 and the mixing sub-passages 310 and the emission chamber 400 are sequentially connected through the openings 320. The openings 320 of the emission chamber 400 of the mixing sub-passages 310 connected to the emission chamber 400 are arranged toward the protective mirror of the laser cutting head 1000.

[0122] That is, the first medium and the second medium are transferred from the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 to the mixing sub-passage 310, and then arrive at the emission chamber 400 through the transfer of the mixing sub-passage 310. Figure 4 As shown, the opening 320 of the mixing sub-passage 310 closest to the emission chamber 400 faces the protective mirror of the laser cutting head 1000 .

[0123] Optionally, the angle setting of the opening 320 of the launch chamber 400 of the hybrid sub-channel 310 connected to the launch chamber 400 can be set according to the angle of the mixed gas purged to the laser cutting head 1000. For example, the angle range between the opening 320 of the launch chamber 400 of the hybrid sub-channel 310 connected to the launch chamber 400 and the horizontal plane can be set to be within the range of 10° to 30°. In practical applications, the angle of the opening 320 of the launch chamber 400 of the hybrid sub-channel 310 connected to the launch chamber 400 can be adjusted according to the equipment, materials and cutting requirements. This ensures that the airflow can fully cover the surface of the protective mirror to achieve uniform cooling and cleaning effects.

[0124] In an optional embodiment, the mixing sub-channel 310 is designed as a multi-layer staggered flow channel, and the first medium and the second medium enter the flow channels at different levels respectively, and the gradual mixing of the media is achieved through the staggered design of the flow channels.

[0125] In an optional embodiment, the mixing sub-channel 310 is designed as a stepped channel, and the first medium and the second medium are gradually mixed through a plurality of stepped structures, and the flow resistance of the steps is used to promote uniform distribution of the medium.

[0126] In an optional embodiment, the mixing sub-channel 310 is designed as a conical contraction channel. After the first medium and the second medium enter, they are fully mixed by contraction and expansion of the conical structure, using pressure difference and flow rate changes.

[0127] In an optional embodiment, the mixing sub-passage 310 is designed with a venturi tube, and the first medium and the second medium pass through the contraction section and expansion section of the venturi tube to achieve sufficient mixing by using pressure difference and flow rate changes.

[0128] In an optional embodiment, the opening 320 connecting each mixing sub-passageway 310 to connect the mixing sub-passageway 310 closest to the launching chamber 400 and the opening 320 of the launching chamber 400 can be set as a short channel in the horizontal direction, a short channel perpendicular to the vertical direction, or a short channel at a certain angle in the vertical direction; wherein the cross-section of the short channel along the axial direction of the channel can be rectangular, conical, fan-shaped, etc.

[0129] In the above implementation process, the number of openings 320 connecting two adjacent mixing sub-passages 310 is positively correlated with the degree of proximity of the mixing sub-passages 310 to the launch chamber 400. It can be understood that the number of openings 320 between the mixing sub-passages 310 (excluding the openings 320 connecting the mixing sub-passages 310 and the launch chamber 400) is positively correlated with the degree of proximity to the launch chamber 400, that is, the closer to the launch chamber 400, the greater the number of openings 320 connecting the mixing sub-passages 310. It should be noted that the above "close" refers to the proximity of the gas on the transmission path, not the absolute physical distance.

[0130] Exemplarily, assuming that the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application has four mixing sub-passages 310, the number of openings 320 between the first mixing sub-passage 310 connecting to the second mixing sub-passage 310, the second mixing sub-passage 310 connecting to the third mixing sub-passage 310, and the third mixing sub-passage 310 connecting to the fourth mixing sub-passage 310 should increase successively, for example, 2, 4, 6; or 3, 6, 9; or 2, 4, 8, etc.

[0131] pass Figure 4 and Figure 5It can be seen that the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application sequentially connects multiple mixing sub-passages 310 and between the mixing sub-passages 310 and the emission chamber 400 through the openings 320. After the first medium and the second medium enter the mixing sub-passage 310 from the medium passage, they are transferred and uniformly mixed in the mixing sub-passage 310 and finally reach the emission chamber 400. It is possible to achieve efficient mixing and precise control of the medium, ensuring that the medium has a uniform ratio and stable flow characteristics when entering the emission chamber 400, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of laser cutting, while also reducing medium consumption and energy loss, and meeting the requirements of different materials and cutting processes.

[0132] In an optional embodiment, the projections of the plurality of openings 320 of the mixing sub-channel 310 on a cross section orthogonal to the direction in which the nozzle of the laser cutting head 1000 faces do not overlap or do not completely overlap.

[0133] The projections of the multiple openings 320 of the mixing sub-channel 310 on the cross section orthogonal to the direction of the nozzle of the laser cutting head 1000 do not overlap or do not completely overlap, which means that the openings 320 present a staggered or partially overlapping layout in spatial distribution. This allows the medium to form a multi-level flow path when entering the emission chamber 400, increasing the flow distance and contact area of ​​the medium. At the same time, the staggered distribution of the openings 320 can effectively disperse the flow pressure of the medium, reduce turbulence and pressure loss, and thus optimize the flow characteristics of the medium.

[0134] It can be seen from this that in the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the staggered distribution of the openings 320 of the multiple mixing sub-passages 310 in the medium mixing passage 300 not only increases the mixing time and contact area of ​​the medium, but also reduces turbulence and pressure fluctuations; the transfer of the medium between the mixing sub-passages 310 and the launch chamber 400 is more uniform and stable, which significantly improves the mixing effect and flow control accuracy, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of laser cutting.

[0135] Please continue to see Figure 4 and Figure 5 In an optional implementation of the embodiment of the present application, the laser cutting head 1000 further includes a first gas mixing body A and a second gas mixing body B. The first gas mixing body A is arranged close to the second gas mixing body B, and the medium mixing passage 300 is formed by the gap therebetween.

[0136] like Figure 4 As shown, the medium mixing passage 300 of the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application is composed of a gap between a first gas mixing body A and a second gas mixing body B, that is, the medium mixing passage 300 is substantially composed of two parts of the body of the laser cutting head 1000 .

[0137] On the one hand, the split design of the first gas mixing body A and the second gas mixing body B reduces the complexity of a single component and facilitates processing and manufacturing. The medium mixing passage 300 formed by the gap does not require a complex internal structure, reducing the difficulty and cost of processing. The material cost and processing cost are reduced in manufacturing, which can improve the yield of the laser cutting head 1000. Optionally, the first gas mixing body A and the second gas mixing body B can both be made of materials with high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and good optical properties, such as metal materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, titanium alloy, ceramic materials such as alumina ceramics, silicon nitride ceramics, composite materials such as carbon fiber composite materials, metal matrix composite materials, etc. Specifically, it can be determined based on factors such as the specific application scenario of the laser cutting head, power requirements, processing material type, and cost budget.

[0138] On the other hand, the split design makes the assembly of the mixing body more flexible, and the gap size can be precisely controlled by adjusting the size of the two bodies. At the same time, only one of the bodies needs to be disassembled or replaced during maintenance, reducing the difficulty and cost of maintenance.

[0139] It can be seen from this that the medium mixing passage 300 provided in the embodiment of the present application is composed of a first gas mixing body A and a second gas mixing body B. The medium mixing passage 300 formed by the gap between the split gas mixing bodies simplifies the manufacturing process, improves the convenience of assembly and maintenance, and at the same time enhances the manufacturing accuracy and adaptability, reduces the overall cost, and provides significant advantages for the processing and manufacturing of the laser cutting head 1000.

[0140] In an optional embodiment, please continue to see Figure 4 The first gas mixing body A includes a first surface S1 and a second surface S2.

[0141] The first surface S1 is close to the second gas mixing body B, and a medium mixing passage 300 is formed between the first surface S1 and the second gas mixing body B. The second surface S2 forms or partially forms the emission cavity 400 .

[0142] In the above implementation process, the first surface S1 of the first gas mixing body A and the second gas mixing body B constitute a mixed medium passage, and the second surface S2 of the first gas mixing body A participates in forming the emission chamber 400 .

[0143] It can be seen that in the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application, the medium is evenly mixed in the mixing passage and then directly enters the emission chamber 400, which reduces the flow path and energy loss, thereby improving the efficiency, accuracy and stability of laser cutting. In addition, the integrated design simplifies the structure of the laser cutting head 1000, reduces the turbulence and pressure fluctuations of the medium flow, and further optimizes the cutting quality and equipment performance.

[0144] In an optional embodiment, the mixing sub-channel 310 is disposed in the housing of the laser cutting head 1000 and is disposed around the emission chamber 400 .

[0145] It can be seen that the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application can integrate the mixing sub-channel 310 inside the laser cutting head 1000, which can significantly shorten the transmission path of the medium, reduce energy loss and pressure fluctuations, and thus improve the efficiency and stability of medium mixing. The internal setting can also achieve a more compact structural design, improve the integration and portability of the equipment, while reducing the interference of the external environment on the flow of the medium, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the cutting process. In addition, the internal mixing sub-channel 310 can respond to changes in flow and pressure more quickly, and meet the needs of high-precision and high-efficiency laser cutting.

[0146] In an optional embodiment, the mixing sub-passage 310 is an annular passage arranged around the exterior of the laser cutting head 1000 housing.

[0147] It can be seen from this that the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application can also set the mixing sub-channel 310 outside the laser cutting head 1000 to facilitate maintenance and adjustment, while reducing the complexity inside the laser cutting head 1000 and simplifying the manufacturing process.

[0148] In an optional embodiment, the medium mixing passage 300 includes a first mixing sub-passage 311 having a first openings 321 , a second mixing sub-passage 312 having b second openings 322 , and a third mixing sub-passage 313 having a third opening 323 .

[0149] The first mixing sub-passage 311 is connected to the second mixing sub-passage 312 through the first opening 321 , the second mixing sub-passage 312 is connected to the third mixing sub-passage 313 through the second opening 322 , and the third mixing sub-passage 313 is connected to the launch chamber 400 through the third opening 323 .

[0150] In the above implementation process, b and a are integer multiples. For example, a is 2 and b is 4. For example, a is 2 and b is 6. For example, a is 2 and b is 8.

[0151] In practical applications, the number of the third openings 323 can be arbitrary, and the number of the third openings 323 is greater than the number of the second openings 322 or less than the number of the second openings 322; preferably, the number of the third openings 323 is greater than the number of the second openings 322 and is an even number.

[0152] For example, see Figures 4 to 7 , Figure 6 An example diagram of a first hybrid sub-path provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7This is an example diagram of the second hybrid sub-path provided in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 As shown, the first mixing sub-channel 311 is provided with two first openings 321, and the first medium channel 100 and the second medium channel 200 enter the first mixing sub-channel symmetrically from both sides of the laser cutting head 1000, and then the first medium and the second medium in the first mixing sub-channel 311 are transmitted to the second mixing sub-channel 312 through the two first openings 321. Preferably, as Figure 6 As shown, the two first openings 321 of the first mixing sub-passage 311 are symmetrically arranged.

[0153] For example, see Figures 4 to 8 , Figure 8 This is an example diagram of the third mixing sub-path 313 provided in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 As shown, the second mixing sub-passage 312 is provided with four second openings 322, and the first medium and the second medium are transmitted from the second mixing sub-passage 312 to the third mixing sub-passage 313 through the four second openings 322. Figure 7 As shown, the four second openings 322 of the second mixing sub-passage 312 are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0154] For example, please continue to refer to 4 to Figure 8 ,like Figure 8 As shown, the third mixing sub-channel 313 is provided with eight third openings 323, and the third mixing sub-channel 313 transmits the first medium and the second medium in the third mixing sub-channel 313 to the emission chamber 400 through the eight third openings 323. Figure 8 As shown, the eight third openings 323 of the third mixing sub-channel 313 are centrally symmetrically arranged.

[0155] pass Figures 4 to 8 It can be seen that the number of openings of the first opening 321 of the first mixing sub-channel 311 and the second opening 322 of the second mixing sub-channel 312 of the medium mixing channel 300 of the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application gradually increases exponentially, which can achieve graded mixing of the medium, increase the contact area and mixing time of the medium, improve the mixing uniformity, and at the same time disperse the pressure of the medium flow, reducing turbulence and energy loss.

[0156] Optionally, see Figures 4 to 8 , wherein the first mixing sub-passage 311 and the second mixing sub-passage 312 do not overlap in the radial direction R of the laser cutting head 1000 , and the second mixing sub-passage 312 and the third mixing sub-passage 313 overlap in the axial direction D of the laser cutting head 1000 .

[0157] based on Figures 4 to 8It can be seen that the first mixing sub-channel 311 and the second mixing sub-channel 312 do not overlap in the radial direction R of the laser cutting head 1000, and the first opening 321 connecting the first mixing sub-channel 311 and the second mixing sub-channel 312 is arranged along the axial direction D of the laser cutting head 1000. In the axial direction D of the laser cutting head 1000, the first mixing sub-channel 311 and the second mixing sub-channel 312 are connected through the first opening 321. The second mixing sub-channel 312 and the third mixing sub-channel 313 overlap in the axial direction D, which ensures sufficient and uniform mixing of the first medium and the second medium.

[0158] It can be seen that the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application can achieve multi-level and multi-directional mixing of the medium, increase the contact area and mixing time of the medium, and thus improve the mixing uniformity and efficiency by making the first mixing sub-channel 311 and the second mixing sub-channel 312 not overlap in the radial direction R of the laser cutting head 1000, and making the second mixing sub-channel 312 and the third mixing sub-channel 313 overlap in the axial direction D.

[0159] Please continue to see Figure 3 In an optional implementation manner of the embodiment of the present application, the laser cutting head 1000 also includes a medium concentration sensor 500 and a medium pressure sensor 600.

[0160] The medium concentration sensor 500 and the medium pressure sensor 600 are disposed in the emission chamber 400. Figure 3 The medium concentration sensor 500 and the medium pressure sensor 600 may be disposed on the side wall of the launch chamber 400 .

[0161] In the above implementation process, the medium concentration sensor 500 is configured to monitor the concentration of the first medium or the second medium in the launch chamber 400 , and the medium pressure sensor 600 is configured to monitor the pressure of the first medium or the second medium in the launch chamber 400 .

[0162] The medium concentration sensor 500 is used to detect the concentration ratio of the medium in the mixing chamber, usually based on optical, electrochemical or thermal conductivity principles. For example, an optical sensor determines the concentration by measuring the absorption characteristics of the medium to light of a specific wavelength. In the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application, a first medium concentration sensor 500 and / or a second medium concentration sensor 500 may be provided.

[0163] The medium pressure sensor 600 is used to detect the pressure of the medium in the mixing chamber, usually based on piezoresistance or piezoelectric effect. For example, a piezoresistive sensor outputs a pressure signal by measuring the deformation of a sensitive element caused by the medium pressure. In the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application, a first medium pressure sensor 600 and / or a second medium pressure sensor 600 may be provided.

[0164] In an optional embodiment, the flow ratio of the first medium and the second medium is adjusted in real time according to the data of the medium concentration sensor 500, for example, by controlling the opening of the proportional valve, to ensure that the medium concentration in the mixing chamber is always kept within the target range. At the same time, the output of the flow restriction part is dynamically adjusted using the data of the medium pressure sensor 600 to maintain a stable medium pressure.

[0165] In an optional embodiment, the sensor data is fed back to the control system to form a closed-loop control. For example, when the concentration sensor detects that the concentration deviates from the target value, the control system automatically adjusts the valve opening of the medium passage.

[0166] For example, the ratio of the mixed gas can be PID controlled based on the sensor data. For example, PID control can be performed based on the following PID control parameters: the set value (SP) is 20% oxygen concentration, the proportional gain (k p ) is 1.5, the integral time (Ti) is 0.5min, and the differential time (Td) is 0.2min. The output u(t) of the PID controller is calculated by the following formula:

[0167] Wherein, e(t) is the error (ie, the difference between the set value and the current value, for example, the difference between the set oxygen concentration value and the current oxygen concentration value).

[0168] The gas concentration sensor measures the current oxygen concentration in real time, assuming it is 18%. Then the error e(t) = 20-18 = 2%, and the following PID calculation is performed:

[0169] Proportional term: k p e(t) = 1.5 × 2 = 3;

[0170] Integral term: Assuming the accumulated error in the past 0.5 minutes is 1%, k i ∫e(t)dt=3;

[0171] Derivative term: Assuming the error change rate is 0.5% / min,

[0172] Total output: u(t) = 6.15.

[0173] The controller outputs 6.15, adjusts the oxygen flow control valve, and increases the oxygen flow. The gas concentration sensor continues to monitor, and the controller adjusts in real time until the oxygen concentration stabilizes at 20%. By adjusting the gas flow control valve in real time and accurately controlling the mixed gas ratio, the gas environment is ensured to be stable during the laser cutting process.

[0174] It can be seen that by arranging the medium concentration sensor 500 and the medium pressure sensor 600 in the mixing chamber, the concentration and pressure state of the medium can be monitored in real time, and accurate mixing and stable flow of the medium can be achieved through dynamic adjustment and / or feedback control. This significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of laser cutting, can adapt to different material and process requirements, and provides reliable guarantee for high-precision and high-quality laser cutting.

[0175] In an optional embodiment, the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are symmetrically arranged relative to the laser cutting head 1000 .

[0176] It can be seen that by symmetrically arranging the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 relative to the laser cutting head 1000, an airflow counter-action effect is formed, which can significantly improve the mixing uniformity and flow stability of the medium. The symmetrically arranged airflows collide with each other in the mixing chamber, increasing the contact area and mixing efficiency of the medium, and ensuring that the medium has a uniform proportion and stable pressure distribution when entering the emission chamber 400.

[0177] In an optional embodiment, the first medium passage 100 , the second medium passage 200 and the medium mixing passage 300 are arranged in the axial direction D in a direction close to the nozzle of the laser cutting head 1000 .

[0178] It can be seen that the laser cutting head 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application can significantly shorten the transmission path of the medium by arranging the first medium passage 100, the second medium passage 200 and the medium mixing passage 300 in the axial direction D at a position close to the nozzle of the laser cutting head 1000, so that the medium can be quickly and evenly mixed before entering the nozzle, thereby ensuring precise control of the medium ratio and flow characteristics during the cutting process, reducing energy loss and pressure fluctuations, and thus improving the efficiency and stability of medium mixing.

[0179] In an optional embodiment, please continue to refer to Figure 3 The first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200 are respectively provided with a medium filter 700; the medium filter 700 is configured to block substances that are not smaller than the pore size of the medium filter 700.

[0180] It can be seen that by respectively arranging the medium filter 700 in the first medium passage 100 and the second medium passage 200, impurities and particles in the medium can be effectively filtered to prevent them from entering the mixing passage and the firing chamber 400, thereby avoiding nozzle blockage or reduction in cutting quality. This improves the purity and stability of the medium flow, prolongs the service life of the equipment, and ensures the cutting accuracy.

[0181] Please see Fig. 9 , Fig. 9Flow chart of the laser cutting method provided in the embodiment of the present application; the present application provides a laser cutting method, which is applied to the above-mentioned laser cutting head. The laser cutting method includes the following steps:

[0182] Step S100: transmitting the first medium into the medium mixing passage through the first medium passage, and transmitting the second medium into the medium mixing passage through the second medium passage.

[0183] The first medium and the second medium include media used to assist laser cutting during the laser cutting process.

[0184] Optionally, the first medium is controlled to pass through a first proportional valve, and based on the first proportional valve, the pressure of the first medium is modulated to a first medium target pressure; and the second medium is controlled to pass through a second proportional valve, and based on the second proportional valve, the pressure of the second medium is modulated to a second medium target pressure.

[0185] Optionally, the first medium is controlled to pass through the first flow restriction portion, and based on the first flow restriction portion, the flow rate of the first medium is modulated to a first target flow rate; and the second medium is controlled to pass through the second flow restriction portion, and based on the second flow restriction portion, the flow rate of the second medium is modulated to a second target flow rate.

[0186] Step S200: Based on the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage connected thereto, the first medium and the second medium are transmitted to the emission cavity.

[0187] In practical applications, the concentration and pressure required for the type and thickness of the cutting material are different. Please refer to Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1 shows the auxiliary gas parameters required for laser cutting of carbon steel of different thicknesses provided in the embodiment of the present application; Table 2 shows the auxiliary gas parameters required for laser cutting of aluminum plates of different thicknesses provided in the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the approximate pressure value of nitrogen needs to be fine-tuned in practical applications to achieve better cutting effects.

[0188] Table 1

[0189] Carbon steel material thickness 10mm 20mm 30mm Mixed gas oxygen concentration 6％ 8％ 10％ Approximate air pressure 5bar 5.5bar 6bar Approximate nitrogen pressure 5.15bar 5.7bar 6.15bar

[0190] Table 2

[0191] Aluminum plate thickness 10mm 20mm 30mm Mixed gas oxygen concentration 10％ 12％ 14％ Approximate air pressure 5bar 5.5bar 6bar Approximate nitrogen pressure 5.3bar 5.8bar 6.3bar

[0192] Exemplarily, the first medium (such as nitrogen) is transmitted to the medium mixing passage through the first medium passage. The pressure of the first medium is adjusted by the first proportional valve to be modulated to the first medium target pressure (for example, 5 bar). The flow rate of the first medium is adjusted by the first flow restriction to be modulated to the first target flow rate (for example, 4 L / min).

[0193] The second medium (such as oxygen) is transmitted to the medium mixing passage through the second medium passage. Optionally, the pressure of the second medium is adjusted by the second proportional valve to be modulated to the second medium target pressure (for example, 5 bar). The flow rate of the second medium is adjusted by the second flow restriction to be modulated to the second target flow rate (for example, 16 L / min).

[0194] The first medium and the second medium are uniformly mixed in the medium mixing passage to form a mixed medium of the target ratio (the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen is 2:8). The mixed medium is transmitted to the emission chamber through the mixing sub-passage and finally ejected from the nozzle of the laser cutting head to assist the laser cutting process.

[0195] During this process, the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve receive signals from the control system respectively and adjust the opening in real time to maintain the target pressure. For example, when the pressure of the first medium is lower than the target pressure, the control system increases the opening of the first proportional valve until the pressure reaches 5 bar.

[0196] During this process, the concentration and pressure of the mixed medium are monitored in real time through the medium concentration sensor and pressure sensor installed in the medium mixing passage. According to the sensor data, the parameters of the proportional valve and the flow limiting part are dynamically adjusted to ensure the stability of the proportion and pressure of the mixed medium.

[0197] In laser cutting, when the cutting material or process requirements change, the control system automatically adjusts the pressure and flow of the first medium and the second medium. For example, when cutting carbon steel, the nitrogen flow rate is maintained at 4L / min and the oxygen flow rate is maintained at 16L / min.

[0198] Please refer to Fig.10 , Fig.10 This is an example diagram of the control framework of the laser cutting head provided in the embodiment of the present application; in the embodiment of the present application, Fig.10 Taking air and nitrogen as the first medium and the second medium as an example, the air and nitrogen enter the mixing chamber through the proportional valve and the one-way valve respectively, and the mixed gas in the mixing chamber is emitted through the nozzle of the laser head.

[0199] During this process, the control unit connects the proportional valve, gas pressure sensor and concentration sensor ( Fig.10 Taking the oxygen farmer sensor as an example), the control unit ensures that the medium mixing and flow in the laser cutting head system are always in the best state through data acquisition, processing, proportional valve control, feedback adjustment and other functions.

[0200] The control unit collects data from the air pressure sensor and the oxygen concentration sensor in real time. The air pressure sensor provides air pressure information in the mixing chamber, and the oxygen concentration sensor provides oxygen concentration information in the mixed gas. Further, the control unit processes and analyzes the collected data to determine whether the current air pressure and oxygen concentration are within the target range. If the data deviates from the target value, the control unit calculates the amount of adjustment required. Further, based on the results of the data processing, the control unit sends signals to the proportional valves of ammonia and air to adjust their openings. For example, if the air pressure is too low, the control unit will increase the opening of the proportional valve to increase the medium flow; if the oxygen concentration is too high, the control unit will reduce the opening of the air proportional valve. The sensor data is continuously fed back to the control unit, and the control unit continuously adjusts the opening of the proportional valve based on the feedback information to ensure that the pressure and concentration of the mixed gas are always stable within the target range.

[0201] In some possible implementations, the control unit is also responsible for monitoring the operating status of the system and detecting possible faults or abnormal conditions. For example, if the sensor data is abnormal or the proportional valve fails to respond, the control unit will trigger an alarm and take corresponding protective measures.

[0202] In some possible real-time modes, the control unit is usually equipped with a user interface that allows the operator to set parameters such as target pressure and oxygen concentration and monitor the system status in real time. The user interface can also display alarm information and system logs to facilitate maintenance and troubleshooting.

[0203] It can be seen that the laser cutting method implemented based on the above laser cutting head can achieve efficient, uniform mixing and stable flow of the medium by accurately controlling the pressure, flow rate and mixing ratio (such as 2:8) of the first medium (such as nitrogen) and the second medium (such as oxygen), and combining sensor feedback and dynamic adjustment, thereby significantly improving the efficiency, accuracy and consistency of laser cutting. This method can adapt to a variety of materials and complex process requirements, and provides a reliable guarantee for high-quality and high-stability laser cutting.

[0204] The present application provides a laser processing device, which includes the above-mentioned laser cutting head.

[0205] See also Fig.11 , Fig.11 The electronic device 800 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a processor 801 and a memory 802, wherein the memory 802 stores machine-readable instructions executable by the processor 801, and when the machine-readable instructions are executed by the processor 801, the above method is executed.

[0206] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program / instructions, and the computer program / instructions are executed by a processor to perform the steps in any implementation of the above-mentioned laser cutting method.

[0207] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer program instructions are stored. When the computer program instructions are read and executed by a processor, the steps in any implementation of the above-mentioned laser cutting method are executed.

[0208] The computer-readable storage medium may be a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or any other medium that can store program code.

[0209] In this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "include..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0210] The above description is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser cutting head, characterized in that: The laser cutting head comprises: a first medium passage, a second medium passage, a medium mixing passage and an emission chamber; The first medium passage and the second medium passage are respectively arranged in the circumferential direction of the laser cutting head; the first medium passage is used to provide a medium passage for the first medium, and the second medium passage is used to provide a medium passage for the second medium; wherein the first medium and the second medium include media used to assist the laser cutting during the laser cutting process; The medium mixing passage connects the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the launch cavity; the medium mixing passage is configured to receive the first medium and the second medium, and transmit the first medium and the second medium to the launch cavity.

2. The laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first medium passage includes a first flow restriction portion, and the second medium passage includes a second flow restriction portion; The first flow limiting portion is arranged on the first medium passage, and the second flow limiting portion is arranged on the second medium passage; Wherein, the first flow limiting portion is configured to control the medium flow rate of the first medium entering the launch cavity, and the second flow limiting portion is configured to control the medium flow rate of the second medium entering the launch cavity; The flow limiting ratio of the first flow limiting portion to the first medium and the flow limiting ratio of the second flow limiting portion to the second medium is related to the target content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the emission chamber.

3. The laser cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first flow limiting portion includes a first flow limiting hole, and the second flow limiting portion includes a second flow limiting hole.

4. The laser cutting head according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first flow limiting portion and / or the second flow limiting portion is provided with an aperture adjuster; the aperture adjuster is configured to adjust the aperture size of the first flow limiting hole and / or the second flow limiting hole.

5. The laser cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ratio of the flow limiting ratio of the first flow limiting portion to the first medium to the flow limiting ratio of the second flow limiting portion to the second medium is in a range of 3:4 to 3:

12.

6. The laser cutting head according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first medium passage further includes a first proportional valve and a first one-way valve, and the second medium passage further includes a second proportional valve and a second one-way valve; The first one-way valve and the first flow limiting portion are arranged between the first proportional valve and the medium mixing passage; the second one-way valve and the second flow limiting portion are arranged between the second proportional valve and the medium mixing passage; Wherein, the first one-way valve and the second one-way valve are connected toward the transmission direction of the medium to the launch chamber; The first proportional valve is configured to modulate the medium pressure of the first medium, and the second proportional valve is configured to modulate the medium pressure of the second medium; the medium pressure of the first medium and the medium pressure of the second medium are related to the target content ratio of the first medium and the second medium in the launch chamber.

7. The laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium mixing passage includes a plurality of mixing sub-passages having openings; The plurality of mixing sub-passages, and the mixing sub-passages and the emission chamber are sequentially connected through the openings; Wherein, the number of the openings connecting two adjacent mixing sub-passages is positively correlated with the degree to which the mixing sub-passages are close to the launch cavity; Wherein, the opening of the emitting cavity of the hybrid sub-channel connected to the emitting cavity is arranged toward the protective mirror of the laser cutting head.

8. The laser cutting head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The projections of the plurality of openings of the mixing sub-channel on a cross section orthogonal to the direction in which the nozzle of the laser cutting head faces do not overlap or do not completely overlap.

9. The laser cutting head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The laser cutting head also includes a first gas mixing body and a second gas mixing body; The first gas mixing body is arranged close to the second gas mixing body, and the medium mixing passage is formed by a gap therebetween.

10. The laser cutting head according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first gas mixing body includes a first surface and a second surface; Wherein, the first surface is close to the second gas mixing body, and the medium mixing passage is formed between the first surface and the second gas mixing body; The second surface constitutes or partially constitutes the firing cavity.

11. The laser cutting head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mixing sub-passage is arranged in the shell of the laser cutting head and is arranged around the emission cavity.

12. The laser cutting head according to claim 7, characterized in that: The medium mixing passage comprises a first mixing sub-passage with a first opening, a second mixing sub-passage with b second openings and a third mixing sub-passage with a third opening; wherein b is an integer multiple of a; The first mixing sub-passage is connected to the second mixing sub-passage through the first opening, the second mixing sub-passage is connected to the third mixing sub-passage through the second opening, and the third mixing sub-passage is connected to the launch chamber through the third opening.

13. The laser cutting head according to claim 11, characterized in that: in, The first mixing sub-passage and the second mixing sub-passage do not overlap in the radial direction of the laser cutting head, and the second mixing sub-passage and the third mixing sub-passage overlap in the axial direction of the laser cutting head.

14. The laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser cutting head also includes a medium concentration sensor and a medium pressure sensor; The medium concentration sensor and the medium pressure sensor are arranged in the transmitting chamber; The medium concentration sensor is configured to monitor the concentration of the first medium or the second medium in the launch chamber, and the medium pressure sensor is configured to monitor the pressure of the first medium or the second medium in the launch chamber.

15. The laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first medium passage and the second medium passage are symmetrically arranged relative to the laser cutting head.

16. The laser cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage are arranged in a direction close to the nozzle of the laser cutting head in the axial direction.

17. A laser cutting method, characterized in that: The laser cutting method is applied to the laser cutting head according to claims 1 to 16, and the laser cutting method comprises: Transmitting a first medium into a medium mixing passage through a first medium passage, and transmitting a second medium into the medium mixing passage through a second medium passage; wherein the first medium and the second medium include media used to assist the laser cutting during the laser cutting process; Based on the first medium passage, the second medium passage and the medium mixing passage connected thereto, the first medium and the second medium are transmitted to the emission chamber.

18. The laser cutting method according to claim 17, characterized in that: The method of transmitting the first medium into the medium mixing passage through the first medium passage, and transmitting the second medium into the medium mixing passage through the second medium passage, comprises: controlling the first medium to pass through a first proportional valve, and modulating the pressure of the first medium to a first medium target pressure based on the first proportional valve; and The second medium is controlled to pass through a second proportional valve, and the pressure of the second medium is modulated to a second medium target pressure based on the second proportional valve.

19. The laser cutting method according to claim 17, characterized in that: The method of transmitting the first medium into the medium mixing passage through the first medium passage, and transmitting the second medium into the medium mixing passage through the second medium passage, comprises: controlling the first medium to pass through a first flow restriction portion, and modulating the flow rate of the first medium to a first target flow rate based on the first flow restriction portion; and The second medium is controlled to pass through a second flow restriction portion, and based on the second flow restriction portion, the flow rate of the second medium is modulated to a second target flow rate.

20. A laser processing device, characterized in that: The laser processing equipment comprises a laser cutting head as described in any one of claims 1-16.

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