A DC fast charging method and system for two-wheeled vehicles

Abstract

The present invention relates to a DC fast charging method and system for two-wheeled vehicles, and the system includes: a battery pack status detection module, a current pulse setting module, a hierarchical power supply adjustment module, an electric energy conversion module, a charging process dynamic switching module, and a charging parameter recording module. The method accurately obtains the operating data of the battery pack by monitoring the charge state, health state, single cell voltage difference and temperature state of the battery pack in real time. This lays the foundation for the dynamic selection of charging strategies, ensuring that the decision of each charging stage is based on the real-time status of the battery, avoiding the inefficiency or risk caused by inaccurate status judgment in traditional charging methods, and at the same time providing a guarantee for the safety of the charging process. Through dynamic monitoring, hierarchical adjustment and intelligent mode switching, a comprehensive improvement in charging speed and safety is achieved, while the service life of the battery pack is extended, providing an efficient and reliable solution for two-wheeled vehicle fast charging technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicle battery management, and in particular to a direct current fast charging method and system for a two-wheeled vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicle battery management primarily focuses on the monitoring, control, maintenance, and optimization of electric vehicle batteries, with the core goal of ensuring battery safety, efficiency, and extended life. This field involves several key technologies, including battery status monitoring (such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), cell voltage, and temperature monitoring), dynamic optimization of the charge and discharge process (such as fast charging, equalizing charging, and trickle charging mode management), cell balancing (improving consistency by adjusting voltage and capacity differences between cells), and thermal management (ensuring battery operation within a safe temperature range through effective heat dissipation or thermal regulation). Battery management also encompasses detection and protection measures for abnormal battery conditions (such as overcharge, over-discharge, overheating, or short-circuit protection), as well as data collection and analysis to improve battery performance and support subsequent maintenance. As a core technological support for the development of smart electric vehicles, battery management plays a vital role in extending battery life, improving driving range, ensuring charging safety, and promoting the popularization of new energy vehicles.

[0003] Currently, due to insufficient state monitoring accuracy during battery pack charging, key parameters such as the battery pack's state of charge, cell voltage difference, and temperature are difficult to fully monitor. This results in a lack of targeted charging. This not only results in low charging efficiency at low states of charge, making it difficult to meet the demand for rapid recharging, but also can cause overcharging or undercharging due to imbalances between cells, further exacerbating battery wear. Furthermore, the large amount of heat generated during charging is not effectively managed. This heat accumulation not only increases the risk of battery pack overheating but also poses a safety hazard. Furthermore, charging mode switching is often relatively simple and rigid, unable to flexibly adjust to the dynamic needs of the battery pack at different charging stages. This reduces charging efficiency and increases the possibility of overcharging and damaging the battery. Furthermore, existing charging technologies often lack the ability to record and analyze parameters throughout the entire charging process, failing to provide reliable data support for subsequent battery maintenance and performance optimization, further limiting the intelligent and efficient nature of battery management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art and provides a DC fast charging method and system for a two-wheeled vehicle.

[0005] The present invention solves the above technical problems with the following technical solutions: A two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method, the method comprising:

[0006] Detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference, and temperature, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results;

[0007] Setting a charge threshold range of the state of charge, and intermittently providing high current pulses during the battery pack charging process when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold range;

[0008] During the intermittent high-current pulse process, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time during the pulse intervals and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the tiered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse intervals.

[0009] During high-current pulse charging, it captures excess heat generated by the device and battery pack, converts the heat into electrical energy, and pushes it into auxiliary power supply;

[0010] During high-current pulse charging, the battery pack status is monitored in real time, including power, voltage, temperature, and current demand. Switching logic judgment rules are set to dynamically switch between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results.

[0011] After the battery pack is fully charged, the entire charging process parameters are recorded and a battery health status report is generated.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention, the detection of the state of charge, health state, voltage difference of the single battery pack, and temperature state of the battery pack, and dynamic selection of a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results, specifically includes:

[0013] Establish a connection with the battery pack, monitor the battery pack in real time, and initialize all sensors;

[0014] The battery pack status is determined by monitoring the battery pack voltage, current, and time parameters. If the battery pack is in load operation, a dynamic model is established based on the battery pack voltage, current, and temperature to predict the battery pack's state of charge.

[0015] Measure the voltage of each cell in the battery pack one by one and calculate the voltage difference between the cell with the highest voltage and the cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack;

[0016] The temperature of the battery pack and single cells is monitored in real time through temperature sensors, and initial low-amplitude pulse charging is used to assist in heating up.

[0017] The charging strategy is dynamically selected based on the detected state of charge, voltage difference and temperature status.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention, the state of charge of the battery pack is predicted as follows:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, For battery pack in time The state of charge indicates the percentage of the battery pack's current stored electricity to its rated capacity. Indicates the battery is at the initial time The state of charge when Indicates the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the amount of charge that the battery can store when it is fully charged. Indicates the time interval The current integral in the battery pack represents the total amount of electricity flowing in and out of the battery pack during the charging and discharging process. is the charging current, is the time interval between two consecutive samplings.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention, the setting of the charge threshold interval of the state of charge, when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, intermittently providing high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack specifically includes:

[0022] Set the charge threshold range for the battery pack to distinguish the trigger conditions of different charging modes, including:

[0023] When the battery pack's state of charge is lower than the lowest value of the set charge threshold range, a current amplitude higher than 150% of the battery pack's rated current is generated, and the pulse frequency is adjusted to 50-100 times per second based on the battery pack temperature;

[0024] Real-time monitoring of the charge status changes of the battery pack during charging, and dynamic judgment of the charging status of the battery pack;

[0025] When the state of charge of the battery pack gradually approaches the minimum value of the charge threshold range, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value;

[0026] During each pulse interval, the battery cells in the battery pack are independently monitored, and the maximum and minimum cell voltages, as well as the temperature of the battery pack, are recorded.

[0027] During high-current pulse charging, the battery pack status is detected in real time. If the internal resistance of the battery pack is detected to be abnormally high, the maximum pulse current amplitude is limited. If the internal resistance of the battery pack still increases after limitation, the charging current is cut off and feedback is given.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value, specifically:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, is the current amplitude of the current pulse charging, is the maximum safe pulse current amplitude, is the current state of charge of the battery pack, is the lowest threshold value of the state of charge, is the highest threshold of state of charge, is the current regulation factor;

[0031] ;

[0032] in, is the current pulse charging frequency, is the maximum pulse frequency, is the minimum pulse frequency, is the frequency adjustment factor.

[0033] As a further solution of the present invention, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse interval. Specifically:

[0034] During the pulse interval, the voltage of each single cell in the battery pack is sampled in real time, and the voltage difference between the highest and lowest values ​​of the single cell voltage is calculated and recorded;

[0035] During the pulse interval, the battery pack's single cell temperature is sampled and the overall average temperature is calculated. The temperature change trend is also detected to determine whether there is an overheating risk.

[0036] Set a difference threshold. When the cell voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the tiered power supply logic is activated. Based on the single cell voltage sampling results, the cell with the lowest voltage is selected as the priority supplementary cell, and the cell with the highest voltage is selected as the priority limiting cell. Different charging currents are dynamically allocated to each single cell based on the cell type, while maintaining the same voltage across all cells.

[0037] Real-time detection of the adjusted cell voltage difference and temperature status, and dynamic adjustment of the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle;

[0038] After completing the layered power supply and pulse parameter adjustment, re-collect the single cell voltage data and analyze the cell consistency adjustment effect. If the voltage difference still exceeds the threshold, repeat the layered power supply logic until the voltage difference returns to the normal range. If the voltage difference of all single cells meets the requirements after the adjustment is completed, mark the consistency adjustment as completed.

[0039] As a further solution of the present invention, the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle are dynamically adjusted as follows:

[0040] ;

[0041] in, Indicates the instantaneous charging current applied by the next pulse frequency, Indicates the current cell voltage difference. represents the difference threshold, is the voltage difference influencing factor, is the current average temperature of the battery pack, is the optimal operating temperature of the battery pack, is the maximum safe operating temperature of the battery pack, is the temperature influencing factor;

[0042] ;

[0043] in, Indicates the frequency of the next pulse cycle, and Respectively represent the adjustment factors of the voltage difference and temperature on the pulse frequency;

[0044] ;

[0045] in, Indicates the rest time before the next pulse.

[0046] As a further solution of the present invention, the setting switching logic judgment rule dynamically switches the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results, specifically:

[0047] During high current pulse charging, real-time acquisition of battery pack status parameters;

[0048] When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of equalizing charge, that is, the state of charge is greater than 80% and the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the high current pulse charging is switched to the equalizing charging process;

[0049] When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of trickle charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 95% and the total voltage of the battery pack reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the equalization charging process switches to the trickle charging process.

[0050] As a further solution of the present invention, during the equalization charging process and the trickle charging process, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the battery pack status, specifically:

[0051] ;

[0052] ;

[0053] in, Indicates the adjusted current amplitude, Indicates the adjusted pulse frequency.

[0054] Another object of the present invention is to provide a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging system, the system comprising:

[0055] The battery pack status detection module is used to detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference, and temperature status, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results;

[0056] A current pulse setting module is used to set a charge threshold range of the state of charge. When the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold range, high current pulses are intermittently provided during the charging process of the battery pack.

[0057] The tiered power supply adjustment module is used to monitor the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack in real time during the pulse intervals during the intermittent provision of high-current pulses and set a difference threshold. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the tiered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse intervals.

[0058] The power conversion module is used to capture excess heat generated by the device and battery pack during high-current pulse charging, convert the heat into electrical energy, and push it into auxiliary power supply;

[0059] The dynamic charging process switching module is used to monitor the battery pack status in real time during high-current pulse charging, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and set switching logic judgment rules. Based on the monitoring results, it dynamically switches between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process;

[0060] The charging parameter recording module is used to record the entire charging process parameters after the battery pack is charged and generate a battery health status report.

[0061] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: this step accurately obtains the operating data of the battery pack by real-time monitoring of the state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference and temperature status of the battery pack. This lays the foundation for the dynamic selection of the charging strategy, ensuring that the decision of each charging stage is based on the real-time status of the battery, avoiding the inefficiency or risk caused by inaccurate status judgment in traditional charging methods, and at the same time providing a guarantee for the safety of the charging process. In addition, intermittent high-current pulse charging is used under low SOC conditions, which significantly improves the charging speed, and adapts to different battery states by dynamically adjusting the pulse current amplitude and frequency. While charging efficiently, the system can accurately monitor the voltage and temperature of the single cell in the pulse gap to provide a reference for subsequent charging strategies. This method not only meets the demand for fast charging, but also avoids the problem of overheating or uneven voltage of single cells caused by excessively fast charging.

[0062] When the cell voltage difference exceeds a threshold, the system dynamically adjusts the voltage balance within the battery pack by prioritizing the lowest voltage cell and limiting the highest voltage cell. Simultaneously, pulse parameters such as current amplitude, frequency, and interval time are optimized based on the adjustment results. This refined monitoring and adjustment method not only reduces imbalances between cells within the battery pack, extending its service life, but also ensures a safe charging process.

[0063] As the battery pack's SOC gradually approaches the upper threshold, the system switches from high-current pulse charging to balanced charging, further reducing the current amplitude and pulse frequency to narrow the voltage difference between the cells. When the SOC exceeds 95% and the total voltage reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, it switches to the trickle charging stage, completing the charging process with an extremely low current to protect the battery from overcharging damage. This step-by-step switching of charging modes not only improves charging efficiency but also ensures the safety and health of the battery throughout the entire process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 A flow chart of a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 2 A flowchart of detecting the status of a battery pack and dynamically selecting a charging strategy for the battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 3 A flowchart of intermittently providing high current pulses during battery pack charging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 4 A flowchart of triggering the hierarchical power supply logic and gradually adjusting the voltage of a single cell provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 5A flowchart of setting switching logic judgment rules and dynamically switching between the equalization charging process and the trickle charging process based on monitoring results provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a DC fast charging system for a two-wheeled vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0073] In the description of this application, the term "for example" is used to mean "used as an example, illustration or explanation". Any embodiment described as "for example" in this application is not necessarily to be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is given to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use the present invention. In the following description, details are listed for the purpose of explanation. It should be understood that a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the present invention can be implemented without using these specific details. In other examples, well-known structures and processes will not be elaborated in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is consistent with the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in this application.

[0074] Figure 1 A flow chart of a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0075] S100, detecting the state of charge, health status, voltage difference of single battery cells, and temperature of the battery pack, and dynamically selecting a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results;

[0076] In this step, a connection is first established with the battery pack through the battery management system to ensure the stability and accuracy of real-time monitoring. At this point, all sensors, including voltage sensors, current sensors, and temperature sensors, are initialized to ensure the accuracy and comprehensiveness of subsequent monitoring data. Next, parameters such as the battery pack's voltage, current, and time are obtained through real-time monitoring to make a preliminary judgment on the battery pack's current operating status. If the battery pack is in a load-operating state, that is, the battery is not only used for energy storage but also for powering the two-wheeled vehicle, a dynamic state of charge prediction model is established based on multi-dimensional parameters (such as the battery pack's voltage, current, and temperature) to ensure that the state of charge calculation is more in line with actual usage.

[0077] In addition, the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack is measured individually, and the voltage difference between the highest and lowest voltage cells in the pack is calculated. This voltage difference provides a direct reflection of the pack's equilibrium state. Excessive voltage differences may indicate overcharging or undercharging of certain cells, necessitating adjustments to subsequent charging strategies. Simultaneously, temperature sensors monitor the temperature of the battery pack as a whole and of each individual cell in real time to ensure that the temperature distribution remains within a safe range. If the battery pack temperature is detected to be low, the system triggers an initial low-amplitude pulse charge, using a small amount of current to raise the temperature of the battery pack and create a suitable environment for subsequent efficient charging.

[0078] After comprehensively analyzing the state of charge, voltage difference, and temperature, the system dynamically selects a charging strategy based on pre-set logic. This strategy takes into account not only the current state of the battery pack but also its historical state and charging needs. For example, it selects a highly efficient pulse charging mode, balanced charging mode, or trickle charging mode to ensure battery safety, charging efficiency, and extend battery life.

[0079] By establishing a real-time connection and initializing the sensor, the accuracy of data collection is ensured, laying a solid foundation for subsequent status analysis. The dynamic prediction model of the state of charge is not only based on the precise calculation of mathematical formulas, but also combines the real-time operating status of the battery pack, making the calculation results of the state of charge closer to actual usage, thus avoiding the errors that may occur in traditional methods. In addition, by measuring and analyzing the voltage difference of single cells, the imbalance problem within the battery pack can be quickly captured, providing a direct basis for optimizing the charging strategy. In terms of temperature monitoring, the introduction of a preliminary low-amplitude pulse charging heating design can effectively improve the charging efficiency in low-temperature environments, while reducing the damage of low temperature to battery performance.

[0080] like Figure 2 As shown, the method of detecting the state of charge, health state, single cell voltage difference and temperature state of the battery pack and dynamically selecting a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results specifically includes:

[0081] S110, establishing a connection with the battery pack, monitoring the battery pack in real time, and initializing all sensors;

[0082] S120, determining the battery pack status by monitoring the battery pack voltage, current, and time parameters. If the battery pack is in a load operation state, a dynamic model is established based on the battery pack voltage, current, and temperature to predict the battery pack state of charge.

[0083] S130, measuring the voltage value of each single cell in the battery pack one by one, and calculating the voltage difference between the cell with the highest voltage and the cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack;

[0084] S140 monitors the temperature of the battery pack and single cells in real time through temperature sensors, and assists in heating through initial low-amplitude pulse charging;

[0085] S150 , dynamically selecting a charging strategy based on the detected state of charge, voltage difference, and temperature status.

[0086] In this step, the state of charge of the battery pack is predicted as follows:

[0087] ;

[0088] in, For battery pack in time The state of charge indicates the percentage of the battery pack's current stored electricity to its rated capacity. Indicates the battery is at the initial time The state of charge when Indicates the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the amount of charge that the battery can store when it is fully charged. Indicates the time interval The current integral in the battery pack represents the total amount of electricity flowing in and out of the battery pack during the charging and discharging process. is the charging current, is the time interval between two consecutive samplings.

[0089] S200, setting a charge threshold range of the state of charge, and intermittently providing high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold range;

[0090] This step first sets a reasonable state of charge for the battery pack The threshold range defines the triggering conditions of different charging modes. Lower than When the battery is charged, the system triggers the intermittent high current pulse charging mode and generates a pulse current amplitude that is 150% higher than the rated current of the battery. , in order to quickly improve the battery charging efficiency. During this process, the system will also adjust the frequency of pulse charging based on the battery pack temperature status. The specific adjustment range is 50-100 times per second. By dynamically adjusting the pulse frequency to adapt to the actual state of the battery pack, a balance between charging efficiency and safety is achieved.

[0091] In order to maintain accurate control of the battery pack status during the charging process, the system monitors the The changing trend of Gradually approaching When and The difference between them is used to dynamically adjust the pulse current amplitude and pulse frequency.

[0092] when As it gradually increases, the pulse current amplitude will gradually decrease, thereby reducing the risk of overcharging.

[0093] when near When charging, the pulse frequency gradually decreases to ensure a smoother and more accurate charging process.

[0094] During each pulse interval, the system independently monitors each single cell in the battery pack, recording the maximum and minimum cell voltages and collecting real-time data on the overall temperature of the battery pack. This design not only captures subtle changes in the battery pack's internal state but also provides a basis for subsequent adjustments to the charging strategy. The system also continuously monitors the internal resistance of the battery pack during pulse charging. If an abnormal increase in internal resistance is detected, the maximum pulse current amplitude is immediately limited. If the internal resistance continues to rise after limitation, the system triggers a protection mechanism, cuts off the charging current, and provides an alarm to the user, thereby avoiding battery damage or safety accidents caused by abnormal internal resistance.

[0095] This step fully combines the requirements of fast charging and charging safety, and realizes efficient, safe and intelligent battery charging management through pulse charging. First, this step uses the set The threshold range and the dynamically adjusted pulse current amplitude and frequency provide a high degree of flexibility and adaptability for the charging process. By monitoring the changing trends of the battery and dynamically adjusting the pulse parameters, the system can find the best balance between charging efficiency and battery life, avoiding adverse effects on battery performance caused by excessive current or too fast charging.

[0096] Independent monitoring and recording of individual cells during pulse intervals significantly improves the refined management of the charging process. Real-time monitoring of individual cell voltage differences and overall battery pack temperature quickly identifies potential imbalances or hidden dangers within the battery pack, providing an important reference for subsequent adjustments to charging strategies. Furthermore, the introduction of internal resistance monitoring significantly enhances charging safety. When internal resistance rises abnormally, limiting the pulse current amplitude or cutting off the charging current effectively protects the battery pack from damage, thereby extending its service life.

[0097] This step also reduces The rapid recovery of the battery pack in a short time can be achieved through scientific adjustment of high pulse current and frequency. This fast and safe charging mode is ideal for two-wheeled vehicles, especially electric two-wheeled vehicles that require fast charging to meet frequent use within a short period of time, bringing great convenience and trust to users.

[0098] like Figure 3 As shown, the charge threshold interval of the state of charge is set, and when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, high current pulses are intermittently provided during the charging process of the battery pack, specifically including:

[0099] S210: Setting a state of charge threshold range for the battery pack to distinguish trigger conditions for different charging modes, including:

[0100] When the battery pack's state of charge is lower than the lowest value of the set charge threshold range, a current amplitude higher than 150% of the battery pack's rated current is generated, and the pulse frequency is adjusted to 50-100 times per second based on the battery pack temperature;

[0101] S220, real-time monitoring of the charge state changes of the battery pack during the charging process, and dynamic determination of the charge state of the battery pack;

[0102] S230, when the state of charge of the battery pack gradually approaches the lowest value of the charge threshold range, adjusting the current amplitude and pulse frequency according to the difference between the state of charge and the lowest value;

[0103] S240, in each pulse interval, independently monitoring the single cells in the battery pack and recording the maximum and minimum cell voltages, as well as the temperature of the battery pack;

[0104] S250, during high-current pulse charging, detects the battery pack status in real time. If it detects that the internal resistance of the battery pack is abnormally increased, the maximum pulse current amplitude is limited. If the internal resistance of the battery pack still increases after limitation, the charging current is cut off and feedback is given.

[0105] In this step, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value, specifically:

[0106] ;

[0107] in, is the current amplitude of the current pulse charging, is the maximum safe pulse current amplitude, is the current state of charge of the battery pack, is the lowest threshold value of the state of charge, is the highest threshold of state of charge, is the current regulation factor;

[0108] ;

[0109] in, is the current pulse charging frequency, is the maximum pulse frequency, is the minimum pulse frequency, is the frequency adjustment factor.

[0110] S300, during the intermittent high-current pulse supply process, monitors the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack in real time during the pulse interval and sets a difference threshold. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the tiered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse interval;

[0111] This step ensures the safety and balance of the charging process by meticulously monitoring and dynamically adjusting the status of the battery pack's individual cells during the intervals between high-current pulse charging. Specifically, the system first samples the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack in real time and records the difference between the highest and lowest voltage values ​​(i.e., the voltage difference) to assess the internal balance of the battery pack. Simultaneously, the system samples the temperature of each individual cell, calculates the overall average temperature of the battery pack, and analyzes temperature trends to identify any overheating risks. By collecting and analyzing this real-time data, the system can accurately grasp the health status of the battery pack.

[0112] When the voltage difference between individual cells is detected to exceed a preset threshold, the tiered power supply logic is triggered. Based on real-time cell voltage data, the tiered power supply logic prioritizes the lowest voltage cell for charging compensation, allocating more charging current to that cell. For the highest voltage cell, the charging current is limited to prevent overcharging. The specific current distribution is dynamically adjusted based on the cell type (such as lithium battery or nickel-metal hydride battery) and actual demand to ensure that the voltage difference between all cells gradually decreases and converges to consistency. This process is implemented through a distributed control algorithm, which dynamically and finely distributes the charging current to each cell.

[0113] While completing the tiered power supply, the system also dynamically calculates key parameters for the next pulse charging cycle, including current amplitude, pulse frequency, and pulse interval time, based on the adjusted monitoring data. When the cell voltage difference or temperature deviates from the ideal state, the pulse current amplitude is reduced accordingly to balance safety and charging efficiency. Similarly, adjustments to the pulse frequency and pulse interval time are dynamically optimized based on the current cell state, ensuring that the charging process adapts to real-world conditions.

[0114] After completing the tiered power supply and pulse parameter adjustments, the system recollects the voltage data of each cell and analyzes the effectiveness of the consistency adjustment. If the voltage difference still exceeds the set threshold, the system repeats the tiered power supply logic and continues to optimize current distribution until the voltage difference of all cells returns to the normal range. Once the adjustment is complete and the threshold requirements are met, the system marks the consistency adjustment complete and continues the pulse charging process.

[0115] By sampling the voltage and temperature of individual cells in real time during the pulse intervals, the system can quickly detect and identify potential imbalances and overheating risks within the battery pack. This refined monitoring avoids overcharging or undercharging caused by differences in individual cell performance, extending the overall life of the battery pack.

[0116] The introduction of tiered power supply logic is a key feature of this step. By dynamically allocating charging current, the system independently optimizes each cell for its specific conditions, ensuring that cell voltages gradually converge toward uniformity. This refined adjustment based on individual cell characteristics not only improves charging efficiency but also balances the entire battery pack, preventing localized overheating or performance degradation caused by voltage inconsistencies.

[0117] By dynamically adjusting pulse parameters (such as current amplitude, frequency, and interval time), the charging process's adaptability is further enhanced. The system flexibly adjusts charging modes to varying voltage differences and temperature conditions, ensuring a consistently safe and efficient charging process. This dynamic optimization mechanism significantly reduces battery pack losses during fast charging while meeting the user's practical needs for fast charging.

[0118] Finally, the cyclic correction mechanism in this step provides strong assurance for the charging process. If the initial consistency adjustment fails to produce satisfactory results, the system automatically repeats the tiered power supply logic until the cell voltage difference meets the required level. This iterative optimization approach ensures reliable and consistent charging results, laying a solid foundation for subsequent charging cycles.

[0119] like Figure 4 As shown, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse interval. Specifically:

[0120] S310 , during the pulse interval, sampling the voltage of each single cell in the battery pack in real time, calculating and recording the voltage difference between the highest and lowest values ​​of the single cell voltage;

[0121] S320: During the pulse interval, the battery pack's single cell temperatures are sampled and the overall average temperature is calculated. The temperature change trend is also detected to determine whether there is an overheating risk.

[0122] S330: Setting a difference threshold. When the cell voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, activating the tiered power supply logic. Based on the cell voltage sampling results, the cell with the lowest voltage is selected as the priority supplementary cell, and the cell with the highest voltage is selected as the priority limiting cell. Different charging currents are dynamically allocated to each cell based on the cell type, while maintaining the same voltage across all cells.

[0123] S340, detecting the adjusted cell voltage difference and temperature status in real time, and dynamically adjusting the current amplitude, frequency, and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle;

[0124] S350: After completing the layered power supply and pulse parameter adjustment, re-collect the single cell voltage data and analyze the cell consistency adjustment effect. If the voltage difference still exceeds the threshold, repeat the layered power supply logic until the voltage difference returns to the normal range. If the voltage difference of all single cells meets the requirements after the adjustment is completed, mark the consistency adjustment as completed.

[0125] In this step, the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle are dynamically adjusted as follows:

[0126] ;

[0127] in, Indicates the instantaneous charging current applied by the next pulse frequency, Indicates the current cell voltage difference. represents the difference threshold, is the voltage difference influencing factor, is the current average temperature of the battery pack, is the optimal operating temperature of the battery pack, is the maximum safe operating temperature of the battery pack, is the temperature influencing factor;

[0128] ;

[0129] in, Indicates the frequency of the next pulse cycle, and Respectively represent the adjustment factors of the voltage difference and temperature on the pulse frequency;

[0130] ;

[0131] in, Indicates the rest time before the next pulse.

[0132] S400, during high-current pulse charging, captures excess heat generated by the device and battery pack, converts the heat into electrical energy, and pushes it as auxiliary power supply;

[0133] S500 monitors the battery pack status in real time during high-current pulse charging, including power, voltage, temperature, and current demand, and sets switching logic judgment rules to dynamically switch between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results;

[0134] like Figure 5 As shown, the setting switching logic judgment rule dynamically switches the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results, specifically:

[0135] S510, collecting state parameters of the battery pack in real time during the high current pulse charging process;

[0136] S520, when the state of charge reaches the trigger point for equalizing charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 80% and the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, switching from high current pulse charging to equalizing charging process;

[0137] S530: When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of trickle charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 95% and the total voltage of the battery pack reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the equalization charging process is switched to the trickle charging process.

[0138] This step is responsible for dynamically switching the charging mode according to the changes in the current state of the battery pack in the late stage of high current pulse charging to meet the charging needs of different stages, thereby achieving efficient and safe management of the entire charging process. During the high current pulse charging process, the system collects multiple key parameters of the battery pack in real time, including state of charge, total battery pack voltage, single cell voltage difference and battery pack temperature. These data are collected by the battery management system. Carry out real-time monitoring and analysis to provide a comprehensive basis for subsequent charging mode switching and parameter adjustment.

[0139] First, when the battery pack's state of charge reaches the highest value of the set threshold range, that is, the battery power gradually approaches saturation, the system will trigger a logical judgment to decide whether to switch from high-current pulse charging mode to a safer and more balanced charging method. If the battery pack's state of charge is monitored to be over 80% and the voltage difference between the single cells exceeds the preset threshold, the system will automatically switch to a safer and more balanced charging mode. , the system will immediately switch from high current pulse charging to balanced charging process. During the balanced charging process, the system precisely controls the current amplitude. and pulse frequency , further adjust the voltage difference of the single battery cells to ensure that the voltage of all battery cells tends to be consistent.

[0140] Through the above adjustments, With the gradual increase of charging current, the charging current amplitude and pulse frequency will gradually decrease, making the charging process more gentle, while further reducing the cell voltage difference and improving the consistency of the battery pack.

[0141] When the battery pack's state of charge further increases to 95% (i.e., close to full saturation) and the total battery pack voltage reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the system will switch from balanced charging mode to trickle charging mode. In trickle charging mode, the charging current amplitude is greatly reduced, and the battery is replenished with an extremely low charging current to make up for the energy loss caused by the lag in the electrochemical reaction in the battery, while effectively avoiding the risk of overcharging. The characteristics of trickle charging determine that it is mainly used in the final stage of power fine-tuning. By extending the charging time, it can fully protect the battery and maximize the battery life.

[0142] Furthermore, throughout the entire process, the system maintains a global monitoring of the battery pack's status. If any anomaly is detected during equalization or trickle charging (such as a sharp temperature increase or sudden voltage fluctuation), the system immediately triggers protection logic, suspends charging, and issues an alert to the user. This dynamic, end-to-end monitoring mechanism ensures efficient and safe charging.

[0143] This step provides intelligent management and refined control of the charging process, particularly through the logic and dynamic parameter adjustment capabilities of mode switching. First, by monitoring the battery pack's status in real time, the system accurately determines the applicable scope of high-current pulse charging and automatically switches to equalizing or trickle charging mode when the state of charge reaches specific conditions. This multi-stage charging strategy design not only improves charging efficiency but also effectively protects the battery pack's lifespan, preventing potential damage to the battery pack caused by high current.

[0144] The introduction of balanced charging significantly improves cell consistency within the battery pack. By dynamically adjusting the current amplitude and pulse frequency, balanced charging gradually reduces the voltage difference between individual cells, achieving a more balanced energy distribution within the battery pack. This not only helps extend the overall battery pack lifespan but also improves the battery's discharge performance, enhancing the vehicle's range.

[0145] The trickle charge mode design further enhances charging safety and battery pack reliability. This low-current charging method minimizes the risk of overcharging while ensuring the battery is fully replenished by extending the charging time, providing users with longer battery life. Especially when the battery pack is nearly fully charged, trickle charging is crucial for regulating the electrochemical reactions within the battery, reducing the accumulation of internal stress and slowing down aging.

[0146] Furthermore, the dynamic monitoring and protection mechanisms in this step provide safety assurance throughout the entire charging process. Whether in the equalizing or trickle charging phases, the system monitors key battery pack parameters such as charge level, voltage, and temperature in real time, enabling timely response to emergencies. This comprehensive safety monitoring capability not only enhances the reliability of the charging system but also provides users with greater confidence.

[0147] In this step, during the equalization charging process and the trickle charging process, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the battery pack status, specifically:

[0148] ;

[0149] ;

[0150] in, Indicates the adjusted current amplitude, Indicates the adjusted pulse frequency.

[0151] S600: After the battery pack is fully charged, all charging parameters are recorded and a battery health status report is generated.

[0152] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, the system includes:

[0153] The battery pack status detection module 100 is used to detect the state of charge, health status, voltage difference of single battery packs and temperature status of the battery pack, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results;

[0154] The current pulse setting module 200 is used to set a charge threshold interval of the state of charge, and intermittently provide high current pulses during the battery pack charging process when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval;

[0155] The layered power supply adjustment module 300 is used to monitor the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack in real time during the pulse intervals during the intermittent provision of high-current pulses and set a difference threshold. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse intervals.

[0156] The power conversion module 400 is used to capture excess heat generated by the device and battery pack during high-current pulse charging, convert the heat into electrical energy, and push it into auxiliary power supply;

[0157] The charging process dynamic switching module 500 is used to monitor the battery pack status in real time during the high-current pulse charging process, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and set switching logic judgment rules to dynamically switch between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results;

[0158] The charging parameter recording module 600 is used to record the parameters of the entire charging process after the battery pack is fully charged and generate a battery health status report.

[0159] It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0160] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0161] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded computer, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0162] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0163] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0164] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0165] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference, and temperature, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results; Setting a charge threshold range of the state of charge, and intermittently providing high current pulses during the battery pack charging process when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold range; During the intermittent high-current pulse process, the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time during the pulse intervals and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the tiered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse intervals. During high-current pulse charging, it captures excess heat generated by the device and battery pack, converts the heat into electrical energy, and pushes it into auxiliary power supply; During the high current pulse process, the battery pack status is monitored in real time, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and switching logic judgment rules are set to dynamically switch between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results; After the battery pack is fully charged, the entire charging process parameters are recorded and a battery health status report is generated; in: The setting of the charge threshold interval of the state of charge, when the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold interval, intermittently providing high current pulses during the charging process of the battery pack specifically includes: Set the charge threshold range for the battery pack to distinguish the trigger conditions of different charging modes, including: When the battery pack's state of charge is lower than the lowest value of the set charge threshold range, a current amplitude higher than 150% of the battery pack's rated current is generated, and the pulse frequency is adjusted to 50-100 times per second based on the battery pack temperature; Real-time monitoring of the charge status changes of the battery pack during charging, and dynamic judgment of the charging status of the battery pack; When the state of charge of the battery pack gradually approaches the minimum value of the charge threshold range, the current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value; During each pulse interval, the battery cells in the battery pack are independently monitored, and the maximum and minimum cell voltages, as well as the temperature of the battery pack, are recorded. During high-current pulse charging, the battery pack status is monitored in real time. If an abnormal increase in the internal resistance of the battery pack is detected, the maximum pulse current amplitude is limited. If the internal resistance of the battery pack still increases after the limit, the charging current is cut off and feedback is given. The voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack is monitored in real time and a difference threshold is set. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the layered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the voltage of the single cell. At the same time, the voltage difference and temperature of the battery pack are monitored during the pulse interval. Specifically: During the pulse interval, the voltage of each single cell in the battery pack is sampled in real time, and the voltage difference between the highest and lowest values ​​of the single cell voltage is calculated and recorded; During the pulse interval, the battery pack's single cell temperature is sampled and the overall average temperature is calculated. The temperature change trend is also detected to determine whether there is an overheating risk. Set a difference threshold. When the cell voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the tiered power supply logic is activated. Based on the single cell voltage sampling results, the cell with the lowest voltage is selected as the priority supplementary cell, and the cell with the highest voltage is selected as the priority limiting cell. Different charging currents are dynamically allocated to each single cell based on the cell type, while maintaining the same voltage across all cells. Real-time detection of the adjusted cell voltage difference and temperature status, and dynamic adjustment of the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle; After completing the layered power supply and pulse parameter adjustment, re-collect the single cell voltage data and analyze the cell consistency adjustment effect. If the voltage difference still exceeds the threshold, repeat the layered power supply logic until the voltage difference returns to the normal range. If the voltage difference of all single cells meets the requirements after the adjustment is completed, mark the consistency adjustment as completed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The detecting of the state of charge, health state, voltage difference of a single battery pack, and temperature state of the battery pack, and dynamically selecting a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results, specifically includes: Establish a connection with the battery pack, monitor the battery pack in real time, and initialize all sensors; The battery pack status is determined by monitoring the battery pack voltage, current, and time parameters. If the battery pack is in load operation, a dynamic model is established based on the battery pack voltage, current, and temperature to predict the battery pack's state of charge. Measure the voltage of each cell in the battery pack one by one and calculate the voltage difference between the cell with the highest voltage and the cell with the lowest voltage in the battery pack; The temperature of the battery pack and single cells is monitored in real time through temperature sensors, and initial low-amplitude pulse charging is used to assist in heating up. The charging strategy is dynamically selected based on the detected state of charge, voltage difference and temperature status.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The predicted state of charge of the battery pack is specifically: ； in, For battery pack in time The state of charge indicates the percentage of the battery pack's current stored electricity to its rated capacity. Indicates the battery is at the initial time The state of charge when Indicates the rated capacity of the battery, that is, the amount of charge that the battery can store when fully charged. Indicates the time interval The current integral in the battery pack represents the total amount of electricity flowing in and out of the battery pack during the charging and discharging process. is the charging current, is the time interval between two consecutive samplings.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The current amplitude and pulse frequency are adjusted according to the difference between the state of charge and the minimum value, specifically: ； in, is the current amplitude of the current pulse charging, is the maximum safe pulse current amplitude, is the current state of charge of the battery pack, is the lowest threshold value of the state of charge, is the highest threshold value of the state of charge, is the current regulation factor; ； in, is the current pulse charging frequency, is the maximum pulse frequency, is the minimum pulse frequency, is the frequency adjustment factor.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The dynamic adjustment of the current amplitude, frequency and interval time of the next pulse charging cycle is specifically as follows: ； in, Indicates the instantaneous charging current applied by the next pulse frequency, Indicates the current cell voltage difference. represents the difference threshold, is the voltage difference influencing factor, is the current average temperature of the battery pack, is the optimal operating temperature of the battery pack, is the maximum safe operating temperature of the battery pack, is the temperature influencing factor; ； in, Indicates the frequency applied in the next pulse cycle and Respectively represent the adjustment factors of the voltage difference and temperature on the pulse frequency; ； in, Indicates the rest time before the next pulse.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein The switching logic judgment rule is set to dynamically switch between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process based on the monitoring results, specifically: During the high current pulse process, the state parameters of the battery pack are collected in real time; When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of equalizing charge, that is, the state of charge is greater than 80% and the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the high current pulse charging is switched to the equalizing charging process; When the state of charge reaches the trigger point of trickle charging, that is, the state of charge is greater than 95% and the total voltage of the battery pack reaches 95% of the rated voltage upper limit, the equalization charging process switches to the trickle charging process.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that During the equalization charging process and trickle charging process, the current amplitude and pulse frequency will be adjusted according to the battery pack status, specifically: ； ； in, Indicates the adjusted current amplitude, Indicates the adjusted pulse frequency.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The system for implementing the two-wheeled vehicle DC fast charging method includes: The battery pack status detection module is used to detect the battery pack's state of charge, health status, single cell voltage difference, and temperature status, and dynamically select a charging strategy for the battery pack based on the detection results; A current pulse setting module is used to set a charge threshold range of the state of charge. When the state of charge is lower than the charge threshold range, high current pulses are intermittently provided during the charging process of the battery pack. The tiered power supply adjustment module is used to monitor the voltage difference of each single cell in the battery pack in real time during the pulse intervals during the intermittent provision of high-current pulses and set a difference threshold. If the voltage difference exceeds the difference threshold, the tiered power supply logic is triggered to gradually adjust the single cell voltage. At the same time, the battery pack voltage difference and temperature are monitored during the pulse intervals. The power conversion module is used to capture excess heat generated by the device and battery pack during high-current pulse charging, convert the heat into electrical energy, and push it into auxiliary power supply; The dynamic charging process switching module is used to monitor the battery pack status in real time during the high current pulse process, including power, voltage, temperature and current demand, and set the switching logic judgment rules. Based on the monitoring results, it dynamically switches between the balanced charging process and the trickle charging process; The charging parameter recording module is used to record the entire charging process parameters after the battery pack is charged and generate a battery health status report.

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