Anti-abrasion concrete, anti-abrasion water passing surface of hydraulic structure, dam, sluice and canal construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-abrasion concrete and a construction method of an anti-abrasion water passing surface, a dam, a water gate and a water channel of a hydraulic structure. The anti-abrasion concrete comprises cement, broken stone, sand, mixing water and an admixture, the admixture at least comprises inert powder with the Mohs hardness grade not lower than the preset grade, and the admixture is a mixture of cement, broken stone, sand, mixing water and the inert powder. The volume of the inert powder accounts for 8-12% of the total volume of powder in the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete, and the total volume of the powder is determined according to a preset water-powder ratio. The abrasion-resistant concrete provided by the embodiment of the invention has high abrasion resistance and is not easy to abrade and lose; the anti-abrasion water passing surface, the dam, the water gate and the water channel of the hydraulic structure built through the building method provided by the embodiment of the invention have high anti-abrasion capacity, and the capacity of resisting washing of flowing water and gravel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of concrete materials, in particular to a method for constructing abrasion-resistant concrete, abrasion-resistant water-passing surfaces of hydraulic structures, dams, sluice gates and canals. Background Art

[0002] As the place where water flows, the water-passing surface of hydraulic structures is easily eroded and damaged by the water flow and the objects such as sand, pebbles, and boulders driven by the water flow. Therefore, the higher the anti-abrasion strength of the concrete used in these places, the more conducive it is to maintain the structural integrity of the water-passing surface of hydraulic structures. With the improvement of concrete preparation technology, the anti-abrasion ability of concrete is also constantly strengthened. For example, in the prior art, the anti-abrasion ability of concrete is often improved by the following methods: the first method: adding admixtures to concrete, such as admixtures, high-quality fly ash, silica powder, ground slag, etc.; the second method: configuring the optimal gradation of powder and coarse and fine aggregates to make the concrete the densest, thereby improving the anti-abrasion strength; the third method: reducing the water-cement ratio, adding silica fume and other materials, improving the compressive strength, thereby improving the anti-abrasion strength; the fourth method: using high-strength materials such as basalt to enhance the anti-abrasion strength.

[0003] However, the abrasion resistance of the abrasion-resistant concrete obtained based on the above technology is often 5-20h / (kg / ㎡), and the highest abrasion resistance of UHPC concrete is only about 57h / (kg / ㎡), and the compressive strength is 130MPa. These abrasion resistances cannot meet the requirements of high abrasion resistance. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for constructing abrasion-resistant concrete, abrasion-resistant water-passing surfaces of hydraulic structures, dams, sluices and canals. The abrasion-resistant concrete proposed by the present invention can significantly improve the abrasion resistance of concrete.

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides an abrasion-resistant concrete, whose components include cement, crushed stone, sand, mixing water and admixtures, wherein the admixtures include at least inert powder with a Mohs hardness level not lower than a preset level, and the volume of the inert powder accounts for 8%-12% of the total volume of the powder in the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete, wherein the total volume of the powder is determined according to a preset water-powder ratio. The volume of the inert powder accounts for 10% of the total volume of the powder in the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete.

[0006] Furthermore, the components include, by weight, 400-600 parts of cement, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 810-972 parts of sand, 141-182 parts of mixing water and 160-396 parts of admixtures, wherein the admixtures include at least 27-99 parts of inert powder having a Mohs hardness grade not less than a preset grade.

[0007] Optionally, the admixture further comprises microspheres and silica fume, wherein, by weight, the microspheres comprise 53-132 parts; and the silica fume comprises 80-165 parts.

[0008] Optionally, the inert powder has a mixing ratio of 10% by volume.

[0009] Optionally, the preset level is 9 levels.

[0010] Optionally, the inert powder is corundum powder or corundum powder.

[0011] Optionally, the cement is ordinary Portland cement with a P.O.52.5.

[0012] Optionally, the sand has a fineness modulus of 2.5-3.0, an MB value of less than 1.0, and a stone powder content of less than 5%.

[0013] Optionally, the particle size of the crushed stone is 5-20 mm, wherein the mass mixing ratio of the crushed stones with particle sizes of 5-10 mm, 10-16 mm and 16-20 mm is 3:3:4, and the crushing index is less than 10%.

[0014] Optionally, the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete further include 0-50 parts of admixtures in parts by weight.

[0015] Optionally, the admixture includes polycarboxylate water reducer, defoamer, air entraining agent and sodium glucose.

[0016] Optionally, the SiO in the silica ash 2 The content is greater than 93%.

[0017] Optionally, the solid content of the admixture is not less than 20%.

[0018] Optionally, the insoluble matter content in the mixing water is not more than 2000 mg / L.

[0019] The embodiment of the present application also proposes a method for constructing an abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of a hydraulic structure, comprising: inserting a plurality of supporting steel bars at intervals on the surface of a preset position of the hydraulic structure; laying a template above the plurality of supporting steel bars, and fixedly connecting the template and the supporting steel bars; pouring a first type of concrete between the template and the surface of the preset position to form a pouring layer; judging the manufacturing composition of the template, if the manufacturing composition is the abrasion-resistant concrete as described above, the water-facing surface of the template is the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure; otherwise, removing the template, and the water-facing surface of the pouring layer is the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure.

[0020] Optionally, the hydraulic structure is a dam, and the water flow surface is the water flow surface of any one or more of the following parts of the dam: an overflow dam section, a spillway and an energy dissipation basin; or, the hydraulic structure is a sluice, and the water flow surface is the water flow surface of the energy dissipation basin of the sluice; or, the hydraulic structure is a canal, and the water flow surface is the water flow surface of the canal.

[0021] Optionally, the template is made of impact-resistant concrete, and the template is formed by splicing a plurality of prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks, and the thickness of the prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks is 3-10 cm.

[0022] Optionally, the first type of concrete is concrete with the same grade as the dam body.

[0023] Optionally, the formwork is made of non-abrasion-resistant concrete, the first type of concrete is the abrasion-resistant concrete, and the thickness of the casting layer is not less than 0.5 m.

[0024] Optionally, the template is made of non-impact-resistant concrete, including: the template is made of steel material, and / or the template is made of wood material.

[0025] Optionally, the surface of a preset portion of the dam body is stepped.

[0026] Optionally, the formwork and the supporting steel bars are fixedly connected by bolts, and the bolts pass through the formwork and the steel bars to be fixedly connected.

[0027] The embodiment of the present application also proposes a method for constructing an abrasion-resistant dam, comprising: constructing a dam body; constructing a water-passing surface at a preset position of the dam body based on the aforementioned method for constructing an abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of a hydraulic structure; and the construction of the abrasion-resistant dam is completed.

[0028] Optionally, the preset location includes one or more of the following locations: an overflow dam section, a spillway and / or a stilling basin.

[0029] The embodiment of the present application also proposes a method for constructing an abrasion-resistant sluice, which comprises at least the following steps: constructing the water flow surface of the energy dissipation pool at the energy dissipation pool portion of the sluice based on the aforementioned method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water flow surface of a hydraulic structure.

[0030] The embodiment of the present application also proposes a method for constructing an abrasion-resistant canal, which comprises at least the following steps: constructing the water-passing surface of the canal based on the aforementioned method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of a hydraulic structure.

[0031] The components of the abrasion-resistant concrete proposed in the embodiment of the present application include inert powder. By introducing inert powder with a Mohs hardness not less than a preset level and determining the optimal ratio of each component, the abrasion-resistant concrete proposed in the embodiment of the present application has high abrasion resistance.

[0032] By utilizing the method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surfaces, dams, sluices and canals of hydraulic structures proposed in the embodiments of the present application, it is possible to construct highly abrasion-resistant water-passing surfaces, dams, sluices and canals, thereby reducing the impact, wear and damage to the water-passing surfaces of hydraulic structures caused by suspended sand and gravel in high-speed flowing water, and improving the structural safety of hydraulic structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0034] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for constructing a water-resistant surface of a hydraulic structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic structure's abrasion-resistant water-passing surface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overflow dam structure of a dam body according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an energy dissipation pool in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A structural view of a single prefabricated impact-resistant concrete block is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the following detailed description, reference may be made to the various specification drawings that are part of the present application and are used to illustrate specific embodiments of the present application. In the accompanying drawings, similar reference numerals describe substantially similar components in different figures. The various specific embodiments of the present application are described below in sufficient detail so that a person of ordinary skill in the art with relevant knowledge and skills in the art can implement the technical solutions of the present application. It should be understood that other embodiments may also be used or structural, logical or electrical changes may be made to the embodiments of the present application.

[0041] The embodiment of the present application provides an abrasion-resistant concrete, whose components include cement, crushed stone, sand, mixing water and admixtures, wherein the admixtures include at least inert powder with a Mohs hardness level not lower than a preset level, and the volume of the inert powder accounts for 8%-12% of the total volume of the powder in the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete, wherein the total volume of the powder is determined according to a preset water-powder ratio and the volume of sand and gravel aggregates. The volume of the inert powder accounts for 10% of the total volume of the powder in the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete.

[0042] The components include, by weight, 400-600 parts of cement, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 810-972 parts of sand, 141-182 parts of mixing water and 160-396 parts of admixtures, wherein the admixtures include at least 27-115 parts of inert powder having a Mohs hardness grade not less than a preset grade.

[0043] The abrasion-resistant concrete provided in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in the following ways according to the weight components:

[0044] Example 1: 400 parts of cement, 810 parts of sand, 540 parts of crushed stone, 141 parts of mixing water and 160 parts of admixture, wherein the admixture includes at least 27 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness grade not less than a preset grade.

[0045] Example 2: 500 parts of cement, 892 parts of sand, 620 parts of crushed stone, 172 parts of mixing water and 280 parts of admixture, wherein the admixture includes at least 60 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness grade not less than a preset grade.

[0046] Example 3: 600 parts of cement, 972 parts of sand, 670 parts of crushed stone, 182 parts of mixing water and 396 parts of admixtures, wherein the admixtures include at least 99 parts of inert powder having a Mohs hardness grade not less than a preset grade.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present application, the abrasion-resistant concrete is made of cement, sand, crushed stone, water, admixtures and admixtures. In addition to inert powder, the admixtures may also include fly ash, silica fume, slag powder, steel slag and micro beads. The micro beads used as concrete admixtures are ultra-fine glass beads, the main chemical composition of which is SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 . It is usually collected from the smoke emitted by large thermal power plants, in the form of spherical particles with a particle size between 1 and 3 μm. In an embodiment of the present application, the admixture is 160-396 parts, and the admixture includes at least 27-115 parts of an inert powder with a Mohs hardness grade not lower than a preset grade. In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the inert powder can be corundum powder, corundum powder, or a mixture of corundum powder and corundum powder, wherein, if the inert powder is a mixture of corundum powder and corundum powder, the ratio of the two can be 1:1. Furthermore, the particle size of the inert powder is between 100 mesh and 200 mesh.

[0048] The components of the abrasion-resistant concrete proposed in the embodiment of the present application include inert powder. By introducing inert powder with a Mohs hardness not less than a preset level and determining the optimal ratio of each component, the abrasion-resistant concrete proposed in the embodiment of the present application has high abrasion resistance.

[0049] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the admixture further includes microspheres and silica fume, wherein, by weight, the microspheres are 53-132 parts; the silica fume is 80-165 parts. That is, in this embodiment, the abrasion-resistant concrete includes the following components by weight: 400-600 parts of cement, 810-972 parts of sand, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 141-182 parts of mixing water, 53-132 parts of microspheres, 80-165 parts of silica fume, and 27-115 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness level not lower than a preset level. Correspondingly, the abrasion-resistant concrete in this embodiment can be achieved by the following multiple methods according to the weight components:

[0050] Example 1: 400 parts of cement, 810 parts of sand, 540 parts of crushed stone, 141 parts of mixing water, 53 parts of microspheres, 80 parts of silica fume, and 27 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness level not lower than a preset level.

[0051] Example 2: 500 parts of cement, 892 parts of sand, 620 parts of crushed stone, 172 parts of mixing water, 70 parts of microspheres, 100 parts of silica fume, and 69 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness level not lower than a preset level.

[0052] Example 3: 600 parts of cement, 972 parts of sand, 670 parts of crushed stone, 182 parts of mixing water, 132 parts of microspheres, 165 parts of silica fume, and 99 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness level not lower than a preset level.

[0053] According to some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the inert powder has a mixing ratio of 10% by volume.

[0054] When the inert powder is calculated by volume and the mix ratio is 10%, the abrasion-resistant concrete proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes the following components by weight: cement: 455 parts, microspheres: 100 parts, silica fume: 134 parts, corundum powder (inert powder): 96 parts, sand: 862 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 158 parts, and admixture: 20.11 parts.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the Mohs hardness of the inert powder is not less than 9. The Mohs hardness is measured by scratching the surface of the tested mineral by the scratch method. The Mohs hardness is not an absolute hardness value, but a value expressed in the order of hardness, from 1 to 10, with 10 being the highest. In the Mohs hardness scale, the hardness of diamond is 10, which is the hardest natural substance and can scratch all other substances; while the hardness of talc is 1, which is the softest mineral, and the Mohs hardness of corundum is 9. In the case where the inert powder is corundum powder, in the corresponding embodiment, the impact-resistant concrete includes the following components by weight: 400-600 parts of cement, 810-972 parts of sand, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 141-182 parts of mixing water, 53-132 parts of microspheres, 80-165 parts of silica fume, and 27-115 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness of not less than 9. Based on the Mohs hardness theory, an inert powder with a Mohs hardness grade of 9 is introduced. The inert powder has high hardness, does not participate in the hydration reaction, plays a role in filling the gaps, and is inlaid and wrapped with the hydration product calcium aluminate (Mohs hardness between 2-4) to improve the overall hardness and abrasion resistance. In addition, the wear of concrete often occurs on the surface, and the aggregate inside the concrete does not participate in the abrasion loss. The embodiment of the present application incorporates an inert powder with high hardness as a component in the slurry, which is formed on the surface of the concrete, thereby improving the abrasion resistance of the concrete surface, and therefore has a strong abrasion resistance. In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the abrasion resistance can exceed 100h / (kg / ㎡).

[0056] In some embodiments of the present application, the inert powder is optionally corundum powder or corundum powder. In this embodiment, the corresponding abrasion-resistant concrete includes the following components by weight: 400-600 parts of cement, 810-972 parts of sand, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 141-182 parts of mixing water, 53-132 parts of microspheres, 80-165 parts of silica fume, and 27-115 parts of corundum powder or corundum powder with a Mohs hardness grade of not less than 9. Correspondingly, the abrasion-resistant concrete in this embodiment can be achieved by the following multiple methods according to the weight components:

[0057] Example 1: 400 parts of cement, 810 parts of sand, 540 parts of crushed stone, 141 parts of mixing water, 53 parts of microspheres, 80 parts of silica fume, and 27 parts of corundum powder (corundum powder) with a Mohs hardness grade of not less than 9.

[0058] Example 2: 500 parts of cement, 892 parts of sand, 620 parts of crushed stone, 172 parts of mixing water, 70 parts of microspheres, 100 parts of silica fume, and 69 parts of corundum powder (corundum powder) with a Mohs hardness grade of not less than 9.

[0059] Example 3: 600 parts of cement, 972 parts of sand, 670 parts of crushed stone, 182 parts of mixing water, 132 parts of microspheres, 165 parts of silica fume, and 99 parts of corundum powder with a Mohs hardness of not less than 9. In some embodiments of the present application, the cement is optionally ordinary Portland cement of P.O52.5. P.O52.5 cement is an ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 52.5, and its quality standard should comply with the provisions of the current Chinese standard "General Portland Cement" (GB / T 175-2007) for ordinary Portland cement with a strength grade of 52.5.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the fineness modulus of the sand is 2.5-3.0, the MB value is less than 1.0, and the stone powder content is less than 5%. In some embodiments, optionally, the sand is corundum or quartz sand.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the crushed stone has a particle size of 5-20 mm, wherein the mixing ratio of crushed stones with particle sizes of 5-10 mm, 10-16 mm and 16-20 mm is 3:3:4, and the crushing index is less than 10%. In some embodiments of the present application, the crushed stone is granite crushed stone.

[0062] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete further include 0-50 parts of admixtures by weight. Wherein, 0-50 parts means greater than 0 parts and less than or equal to 50 parts. That is, in this embodiment, the abrasion-resistant concrete includes the following components by weight: 400-600 parts of cement, 810-972 parts of sand, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 141-182 parts of mixing water, 0-50 parts of admixtures and 160-396 parts of admixtures. When the admixtures are microspheres and silica fume, in the corresponding embodiments, the abrasion-resistant concrete includes the following components, measured by weight: 400-600 parts of cement, 810-972 parts of sand, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 141-182 parts of mixing water, 0-50 parts of admixture, 53-132 parts of microspheres, 80-165 parts of silica fume, and 27-115 parts of inert powder with a Mohs hardness grade not lower than a preset grade. In the case where the inert powder is corundum powder or corundum powder, and the Mohs hardness of the inert powder is not less than 9, in the corresponding embodiment, the abrasion-resistant concrete includes the following components by weight: 400-600 parts of cement, 810-972 parts of sand, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 141-182 parts of mixing water, 0-50 parts of admixture, 53-132 parts of microspheres, 80-165 parts of silica fume, and 27-115 parts of corundum powder or corundum powder with a Mohs hardness of not less than 9. Correspondingly, the abrasion-resistant concrete in this embodiment can be achieved by the following multiple methods according to the weight components:

[0063] Example 1: 400 parts of cement, 810 parts of sand, 540 parts of crushed stone, 141 parts of mixing water, 0 parts of admixture, 53 parts of microspheres, 80 parts of silica fume, and 27 parts of corundum powder (corundum powder) with a Mohs hardness grade of not less than 9.

[0064] Example 2: 500 parts of cement, 892 parts of sand, 620 parts of crushed stone, 172 parts of mixing water, 49 parts of admixture, 70 parts of microspheres, 100 parts of silica fume, and 69 parts of corundum powder (corundum powder) with a Mohs hardness grade of not less than 9.

[0065] Example 3: 600 parts of cement, 972 parts of sand, 670 parts of crushed stone, 182 parts of mixing water, 50 parts of admixture, 132 parts of microspheres, 165 parts of silica fume, and 99 parts of corundum powder with a Mohs hardness grade of not less than 9.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present application, optionally, the admixture includes a polycarboxylate water-reducing agent, a defoamer, an air entraining agent and sodium gluconate. In addition, optionally, the solid content in the admixture is not less than 20%. The solid content in the admixture refers to the percentage of the weight of the solids remaining after the water of the admixture evaporates and the weight of the admixture. The fixed content of the appropriate admixture can increase the crack resistance of the concrete to which the admixture is added.

[0067] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, SiO 2 In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the insoluble matter content in the mixing water is not more than 2000 mg / L.

[0068] In order to emphasize the abrasion resistance of the abrasion-resistant concrete proposed in the examples of the present application, the attached Table 1 shows the experimental data of various concretes.

[0069] Table 1 gives the numbers of the experimental concrete, as well as the corresponding mix parameters, abrasion resistance data, compressive strength and hardness. For ease of understanding, the concretes with different numbers are explained as follows:

[0070] 1﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.75, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 30%, silica fume content: 20%, corundum powder content: 0%, corundum powder content 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 25.32h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 74.3MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 4. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 401 parts, corundum powder: 0 parts, microspheres: 170 parts, silica fume: 114 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 180 parts, admixture: 17.13 parts;

[0071] 2﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 30%, silica fume content: 20%, corundum powder content 0%, corundum powder content 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 51.32h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 90.6MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 4. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 0 parts, microspheres: 181 parts, silica fume: 121 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 163 parts, admixture: 19.62 parts;

[0072] 3﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.55, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 30%, silica fume content: 20%, corundum powder content 0%, corundum powder content 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by underwater steel ball method machine is 53.46h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 109.4MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 4. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 0 parts, microspheres: 193 parts, silica fume: 128 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 141 parts, admixture: 23.98 parts;

[0073] 4﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 25%, silica fume content: 20%, corundum powder content 5%, corundum powder content 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by underwater steel ball method machine is 84.78h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 84.6MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 5. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight components: cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 44 parts, microspheres: 151 parts, silica fume: 120 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 161 parts, admixture: 21,47 parts;

[0074] 5﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 25%, silica fume content: 20%, corundum powder content 8%, corundum powder content 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by underwater steel ball method machine is 117.74h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 83.1MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight components: cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 70 parts, microspheres: 127 parts, silica fume: 126 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 160 parts, admixture: 21,46 parts;

[0075] 6﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 20%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 10%, corundum powder content: 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 127.17h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 82.5MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. The weight components corresponding to this mix are: cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 88 parts, microspheres: 121 parts, silica fume: 120 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 160 parts, admixture: 22.62 parts;

[0076] 7﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 20%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 12%, corundum powder content: 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 120.03h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 82.6MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. The weight components corresponding to this mix are: cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 105 parts, microspheres: 151 parts, silica fume: 120 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 160 parts, admixture: 22.78 parts;

[0077] 8﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 10%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 20%, corundum powder content 0%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 56.52h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 79.6MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 175 parts, microspheres: 60 parts, silica fume: 121 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 159 parts, admixture: 24.22 parts;

[0078] 9﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 25%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 0%, corundum powder content 5%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 80.42h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 80.5MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 5. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 44 parts, microspheres: 151 parts, silica fume: 120 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 161 parts, admixture: 21.47 parts;

[0079] 10﹟concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 25%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 0%, corundum powder content 8%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by underwater steel ball method machine is 119.32h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 81.6MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 44 parts, microspheres: 127 parts, silica fume: 126 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 160 parts, admixture: 21.46 parts;

[0080] 11﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 20%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 0%, corundum powder content 10%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by underwater steel ball method machine is 121.33h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 81.7MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 88 parts, microspheres: 121 parts, silica fume: 120 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 160 parts, admixture: 22.62 parts;

[0081] 12﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 20%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 0%, corundum powder content: 12%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 116.20h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 83.8MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. The weight components corresponding to this mix are: cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 105 parts, microspheres: 151 parts, silica fume: 120 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 160 parts, admixture: 22.78 parts;

[0082] 13﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 10%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 0%, corundum powder content 20%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by underwater steel ball method machine is 55.39h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 77.4MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 60 parts, corundum powder: 175 parts, microspheres: 60 parts, silica fume: 121 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 159 parts, admixture: 24.22 parts;

[0083] 14﹟Concrete, water-powder ratio: 0.65, cement content: 50%, microsphere content: 20%, silica fume content 20%, corundum powder content 5%, corundum powder content 5%, sand 42%, crushed stone volume 220 liters, the impact and abrasion resistance obtained by the underwater steel ball method machine is 125.48h / (kg / ㎡), the compressive strength is 81.2MPa, and the Mohs hardness is 6. Under this mix ratio, the impact and abrasion resistant concrete includes, by weight, cement: 425 parts, corundum powder: 44 parts, corundum powder: 44 parts, microspheres: 121 parts, silica fume: 120 parts, sand: 885 parts, crushed stone: 594 parts, water: 160 parts, admixture: 22.62 parts;

[0084] In order to further explain the experimental data, the experimental data of 6# and 11# concrete are taken as examples, and the volume of each component of one cubic meter of anti-abrasion concrete is taken as an example. Among them, the water-cement ratio of 6# anti-abrasion concrete is 0.65, the sand ratio is 42%, and the volume of crushed stone is 220 liters. One cubic meter of anti-abrasion concrete is equal to 1000 liters. Then, when the crushed stone is 220 liters, the sum of the volumes of the remaining components is 1000-220=780 liters; since the sand ratio is 4 2%, therefore, the volume of sand and gravel is: 780×42%=327.6 liters, the total volume of the anti-abrasion concrete after removing sand and gravel is: 780-327.6=452.4 liters, because the water-powder ratio is 0.65, the volume of water is: 452.4÷1.65×0.65=178.2 liters, then the remaining cement, microspheres, silica fume and inert powder volume sum is: 452.4-178.2=274.2 liters. In this 274.2 liters of components, cement accounts for 50%, microspheres account for 20%, silica fume accounts for 20%, and corundum powder (inert powder) accounts for 10%. Then, the volume of cement is: 274.2×50%=137.1 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 135.89×3.1=425.01kg; the volume of microspheres is: 274.2×20%=54.84 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 54.84×2.2=120.65kg; the volume of silica ash is: 274.2×20%=54.84 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 54.84×2.2=120.65kg, and the volume of corundum powder is: 274.2×10%=27.42 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 27.42×3.2=87.74kg. The total mass of the powder is: 425.01+120.65+120.65+87.74=754.05kg, the mass of the admixture is: 754×3%=23kg, the mass of water is 23×80%=18kg, and the mass of the mixing water after rounding is: 178-18=160kg. It should be noted that although the proportion of microspheres and silica fume in the table is 20%, considering the total mass of the two, 120.65+120.65=241.2, the microspheres and silica fume can be divided into 120kg and 121kg respectively.

[0085] The water-cement ratio of 11# abrasion-resistant concrete is 0.65, the sand ratio is 42%, and the volume of crushed stone is 220 liters. 1 cubic meter of abrasion-resistant concrete is equal to 1000 liters. Then, when the crushed stone is 220 liters, the sum of the volumes of the remaining components is 1000-220=780 liters; since the sand ratio is 42%, the volume of sand and gravel is: 780×42%=327.6 liters, and the total volume of the abrasion-resistant concrete after removing sand and gravel is: 780-327.6=452.4 liters. Since the water-powder ratio is 0.65, the volume of water is: 452.4÷1.65×0.65=178.2 liters, so the sum of the volumes of the remaining cement, microspheres, silica fume and inert powder is: 452.4-178.2=274.2 liters. In this 274.2 liters of components, cement accounts for 50%, microspheres account for 20%, silica fume accounts for 20%, and corundum powder (inert powder) accounts for 10%. Then, the volume of cement is: 274.2×50%=137.1 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 135.89×3.1=425.01kg; the volume of microspheres is: 274.2×20%=54.84 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 54.84×2.2=120.65kg; the volume of silica fume is: 274.2×20%=54.84 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 54.84×2.2=120.65kg, and the volume of corundum powder is: 274.2×10%=27.42 liters, and the corresponding mass is: 27.42×3.2=87.74kg. The total mass of the powder is: 425.01+120.65+120.65+87.74=754.05kg, the mass of the admixture is: 754×3%=23kg, the mass of water is 23×80%=18kg, and the mass of the mixing water after rounding is: 178-18=160kg. It should be noted that although the proportion of microspheres and silica fume in the table is 20%, considering the total mass of the two, 120.65+120.65=241.2, the microspheres and silica fume can be divided into 120kg and 121kg respectively.

[0086] In the above experimental data, under the condition of meeting the compressive strength, according to the experimental data of 1#, 2# and 3# concrete, when no inert material is added to the concrete, the maximum impact and abrasion resistance of the concrete is only 53.46h / (kg / ㎡). According to the experimental data of 4#, 5#, 6#, 7# and 8# concrete, as the amount of inert powder added increases, the impact and abrasion resistance of the concrete first increases and then decreases. When the amount of inert powder added is the largest (20%), the impact and abrasion resistance of the concrete is only 56.52h / (kg / ㎡). It can be seen that the amount of inert powder added has an optimal value, which enables the impact and abrasion resistance of the concrete to exceed 100h / (kg / ㎡). Similarly, according to the experimental data of 9#, 10#, 11#, 12# and 13# concrete, when corundum powder, which is also an inert powder, is added to the concrete, the impact and abrasion resistance of the impact and abrasion resistant concrete also increases first and then decreases with the increase of the amount of corundum powder added. This performance is similar to that when doped with corundum powder. It can be seen that when inert powder is doped in concrete, the abrasion resistance of concrete will first increase and then decrease with the increase of the dosage. According to the experimental data of 6#, 11# and 14# concrete in Table 1, the optimal dosage of inert powder is 10%. According to 4# and 5#, as well as 9# and 10#, the minimum dosage of inert powder is 8%. According to 7# and 8#, as well as 12# and 13#, the maximum dosage of inert powder is 12%. Under the factor of comprehensive cost (the cost of corundum powder is greater than that of corundum powder under the same quality), the proportion of 6# concrete is the optimal proportion, and the corresponding mass fractions of each component are: cement: 425, corundum powder: 88, microspheres: 121, silica fume: 120, sand: 885, stone: 594, water: 160, admixture: 22.62. In addition, the present application introduces Mohs hardness to judge the impact and abrasion resistance of concrete. Concrete with high Mohs hardness generally has high impact and abrasion resistance. However, some concretes have high Mohs hardness but low impact and abrasion resistance. For example, the Mohs hardness of 8# concrete is 6, but the concrete impact and abrasion resistance is only about 56.52h / (kg / ㎡). The reason is that a large amount (34%) of corundum powder wraps the hydration reaction of the cementitious material and cannot bond with the aggregate to form a high-strength cement matrix, thereby reducing the compressive strength and impact and abrasion resistance of the concrete. Therefore, the ratio of the gel material and the inert powder is very important. The impact and abrasion resistance of the impact and abrasion resistance concrete proposed in the embodiment of the present application can be greater than 100h / (kg / ㎡) by adding inert powder and setting a suitable mix ratio, which is far greater than 5-20h / (kg / ㎡) in the prior art, and even the highest UHPC concrete 57h / (kg / ㎡).

[0087] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing a water-resistant surface of a hydraulic structure according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of a hydraulic structure proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:

[0088] S101: inserting a plurality of supporting steel bars at intervals on the surface of a preset position of a hydraulic structure;

[0089] S102: laying a template on top of a plurality of supporting steel bars, and fixing and connecting the template and the supporting steel bars;

[0090] S103: pouring a first type of concrete between the formwork and the surface of the preset position to form a pouring layer;

[0091] S104: Determine the manufacturing composition of the template. If the manufacturing composition is the aforementioned abrasion-resistant concrete, the water-facing surface of the template is the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure.

[0092] S105: Otherwise, the formwork is removed and the water-facing surface of the casting layer becomes the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure.

[0093] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a hydraulic structure with abrasion resistance and water-passing resistance according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface 200 of a hydraulic structure, it is necessary to insert a plurality of supporting steel bars 202 on the surface 201 of the preset position, and lay a template 203 above the plurality of supporting steel bars 202, and fix the template 203 and the supporting steel bars 202 in connection. There is a casting layer 204 between the template 203 and the surface 201 of the preset position, and the casting layer 204 is formed by casting the first type of concrete. In an embodiment of the present application, when constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface, if the template is made of abrasion-resistant concrete, the template may not be removed, and the water-facing surface of the template may be used as the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface to be constructed, and the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface is constructed. In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the surface 201 of the preset position of the hydraulic structure is stepped.

[0094] If the template is not made of abrasion-resistant concrete, the module can be directly removed. In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the template is not made of abrasion-resistant concrete, and the casting layer is cast with abrasion-resistant concrete, then when constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface, the template can be directly removed, leaving the water-facing surface of the casting layer as the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface to be constructed, so that the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface is constructed.

[0095] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the hydraulic structure is a dam, and the water flow surface is the water flow surface of any one or more of the following parts of the dam: an overflow dam section, a spillway, and a stilling basin. Figure 3FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overflow dam structure of a dam body according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, the overflow weir section 400 of the dam includes an abrasion resistant water-passing surface 200 . Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a stilling pool in the embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the energy dissipation pool 501 includes an abrasion-resistant water-passing surface 200, which includes a plurality of supporting steel bars 202 and a template 203 made of abrasion-resistant concrete. The surface 201 of the energy dissipation pool is to be formed with abrasion-resistant concrete.

[0096] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the hydraulic structure is a sluice gate, and the water flow surface is the water flow surface of the stilling basin of the sluice gate.

[0097] The water flow surface of the energy dissipation pool of the sluice is an abrasion-resistant water flow surface, which can improve the abrasion-resistant strength of the water flow surface of the energy dissipation pool, improve the structural safety of the energy dissipation pool, and improve the service life.

[0098] In some embodiments of the present application, the hydraulic structure is a canal, and the water-passing surface is the water-passing surface of the canal. The water-passing surface of the canal is an anti-abrasion water-passing surface, which can improve the anti-abrasion ability of the canal and increase the service life of the canal.

[0099] In some embodiments of the present application, the preset surface of the hydraulic structure can be a surface of the hydraulic structure that is damaged and cleaned. In this way, the construction method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used to build an anti-abrasion water-passing surface on the damaged water-passing surface, thereby improving the anti-abrasion strength of the water-passing surface.

[0100] In some embodiments of the present application, the template is optionally made of impact-resistant concrete, and the template is made of multiple prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks, and the thickness of the prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks is 3-10 cm. In the present application, the shape of the prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks can be square, and the present application does not limit this. The length and width of the concrete are not applied for and are not limited. In some embodiments, the template can be optionally made of prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks of different lengths. Continue to see Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the template 203 is composed of a plurality of prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks 2031. Figure 5 yes Figure 2 A structural view of a single precast impact-resistant concrete block. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the bolts 301 pass through the template 203 and are inserted into the top of the supporting steel bars 202, so that the template 203 and the supporting steel bars 202 are fixedly connected together.

[0101] In this embodiment, the first type of concrete can be concrete of the same grade as the main body of the hydraulic structure. For example, if the hydraulic structure is a dam body, then the first type of concrete can be concrete of the same grade as the dam body, thereby reducing the volume of high-grade concrete. After pouring, there is no need to remove the formwork, and the prefabricated blocks directly serve as the impact-resistant surface. The prefabricated blocks are connected to the formwork steel bars with bolts. During later use, the impact-resistant prefabricated blocks with greater wear can be simply replaced.

[0102] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the formwork is made of non-abrasion-resistant concrete, and the first type of concrete is abrasion-resistant concrete, and the thickness of the casting layer is not less than 0.5 m.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the template is made of non-impact-resistant concrete, including: the template is made of steel material, and / or the template is made of wood material.

[0104] In summary, by using the method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of a hydraulic structure proposed in the embodiment of the present application, a highly abrasion-resistant water-passing surface can be constructed, thereby reducing the impact, wear and damage to the water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure caused by suspended sand and gravel in high-speed flowing water, and improving the structural safety of the hydraulic structure.

[0105] The present application also provides a method for building an anti-erosion dam, comprising the following steps:

[0106] S601: Build the dam body;

[0107] S602: constructing a water-passing surface at a preset location of the dam body based on the aforementioned method for constructing a water-passing surface resistant to scour and abrasion of hydraulic structures;

[0108] S603: The construction of the anti-erosion dam was completed.

[0109] The water-passing surface of the abrasion-resistant dam constructed by the construction method of the abrasion-resistant dam proposed in the embodiment of the present application has a high abrasion resistance, can resist the scouring of flowing water and sand and gravel, and improve the structural safety of the dam.

[0110] In some embodiments of the present application, optionally, the preset location includes one or more of the following locations: an overflow dam section, a spillway, and a stilling basin.

[0111] The present application also provides a method for constructing an anti-abrasion sluice gate, which comprises at least the following steps:

[0112] At the energy dissipation pool of the sluice, the water flow surface of the energy dissipation pool is constructed based on the aforementioned method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water flow surface of the hydraulic structure.

[0113] The water flow surface of the energy dissipation pool of the abrasion-resistant sluice constructed using the construction method of the abrasion-resistant sluice proposed in the embodiment of the present application has a high abrasion resistance, can withstand the scouring of flowing water and sand and gravel, and further improve the safety of the overall structure of the sluice.

[0114] The present application also provides a method for constructing an anti-abrasion canal, which comprises at least the following steps:

[0115] The water-passing surface of the canal is constructed based on the aforementioned method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure.

[0116] By constructing a canal using the method for constructing an abrasion-resistant canal provided in an embodiment of the present application, the abrasion resistance of the water flow surface of the canal, such as the side walls and bottom of the canal, can be improved, thereby improving the structural strength and service life of the canal.

[0117] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0118]

Claims

1. A wear-resistant concrete, comprising cement, crushed stone, sand, mixing water and admixtures, characterized in that: The admixture includes at least inert powder with a Mohs hardness level not lower than a preset level, and the volume of the inert powder accounts for 8%-12% of the total volume of powder in the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete, wherein the total volume of the powder is determined according to a preset water-powder ratio.

2. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the inert powder accounts for 10% of the total volume of the powder in the components of the abrasion-resistant concrete.

3. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components include, by weight, 400-600 parts of cement, 540-670 parts of crushed stone, 810-972 parts of sand, 141-182 parts of mixing water and 160-396 parts of admixtures, wherein the admixtures include at least 27-115 parts of inert powder having a Mohs hardness grade not less than a preset grade.

4. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 3, characterized in that: The admixture also includes microspheres and silica fume, wherein, by weight, the microspheres comprise 53-132 parts; and the silica fume comprises 80-165 parts.

5. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 4, characterized in that: The components of the abrasion-resistant concrete also include 1-50 parts of admixtures by weight.

6. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset level is 9 levels.

7. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inert powder is corundum powder or corundum powder.

8. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cement is ordinary Portland cement with a P.O. of 2.

5.

9. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand has a fineness modulus of 2.5-3.0, an MB value of less than 1.0, and a stone powder content of less than 5%.

10. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the crushed stone is 5-20 mm, wherein the mixing ratio of the crushed stones with particle sizes of 5-10 mm, 10-16 mm and 16-20 mm is 3:3:4, and the crushing index is less than 10%.

11. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 5, characterized in that: The additives include polycarboxylic acid water reducer, defoamer, air entraining agent and sodium glucose.

12. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 4, characterized in that: The content of SiO2 in the silica ash is greater than 93%.

13. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solid content in the admixture is not less than 20%.

14. The abrasion-resistant concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insoluble matter content in the mixing water is not more than 2000 mg / L.

15. A method for constructing a water-resistant surface of a hydraulic structure, characterized in that: include: Insert multiple supporting steel bars at intervals on the surface of the preset positions of the hydraulic structure; Laying a template on top of a plurality of supporting steel bars, and fixing the template and the supporting steel bars in a fixed connection; pouring a first type of concrete between the template and the surface of the preset position to form a pouring layer; Determine the manufacturing composition of the template. If the manufacturing composition is the abrasion-resistant concrete as described in claims 1 to 14, the water-facing surface of the template is the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure. Otherwise, the formwork is removed, and the water-facing surface of the casting layer becomes the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of the hydraulic structure.

16. The construction method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The hydraulic structure is a dam, and the water-passing surface is the water-passing surface of any one or more of the following parts of the dam: an overflow dam section, a spillway and / or a stilling basin; Alternatively, the hydraulic structure is a sluice, and the water flow surface is the water flow surface of the stilling pool of the sluice; Alternatively, the hydraulic structure is a canal, and the water flow surface is the water flow surface of the canal.

17. The construction method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The template is made of impact-resistant concrete, and the template is formed by splicing a plurality of prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks, and the thickness of the prefabricated impact-resistant concrete blocks is 3-10 cm.

18. The construction method according to claim 17, characterized in that: The first type of concrete is concrete with the same grade as the dam body.

19. The construction method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The formwork is made of non-abrasion-resistant concrete, the first type of concrete is the abrasion-resistant concrete, and the thickness of the casting layer is not less than 0.5m.

20. The construction method according to claim 19, characterized in that: The template is made of non-impact-resistant concrete, including: the template is made of steel material, and / or the template is made of wood material.

21. The construction method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The surface of the preset part of the hydraulic structure is stepped.

22. The construction method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The formwork and the supporting steel bars are fixedly connected by bolts, and the bolts pass through the formwork and are fixedly connected to the steel bars.

23. A method for building an anti-erosion dam, characterized in that: include: Build the dam body; At a preset position of the dam body, a water-passing surface of the preset position is constructed based on the method for constructing a water-passing surface of a hydraulic structure resistant to erosion and abrasion according to any one of claims 15 to 22; The construction of the anti-erosion dam was completed.

24. The construction method according to claim 23, characterized in that: The preset locations include one or more of the following locations: an overflow dam section, a spillway, and a stilling basin.

25. A method for constructing an anti-abrasion sluice gate, characterized in that: At least the following steps are included: At the energy dissipation pool of the sluice, the water flow surface of the energy dissipation pool is constructed based on the method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water flow surface of a hydraulic structure as described in any one of claims 15 to 22.

26. A method for constructing an anti-abrasion canal, characterized in that: At least the following steps are included: The water-passing surface of the canal is constructed based on the method for constructing the abrasion-resistant water-passing surface of a hydraulic structure as described in any one of claims 15 to 22.

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