High-yield apple compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizers, in particular to a high-yield apple compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of chicken manure, 30-40 parts of cow dung, 20-30 parts of a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, 10-20 parts of distillers' grains, 6-10 parts of bran, 6-10 parts of activated carbon, 6-10 parts of biogas residues, 4-6 parts of straws, 4-6 parts of grape skin and 4-6 parts of pomegranate bark. According to the invention, abundant fiber structures in cow dung and straw are utilized to improve the adhesion firmness of the compound fertilizer to soil, the activated carbon is utilized to adsorb and store nutrients in the compound fertilizer by utilizing abundant pore structures and large specific surface area, and after fertilization is completed, the activated carbon slowly releases the nutrients to supply the nutrients to the soil. The loss rate after the compound fertilizer is applied is effectively reduced, the nutrient absorption rate of apple root systems is improved, and then the yield of apple planting is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizers, in particular to a high-yield apple compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Compound fertilizer refers to chemical fertilizer containing two or more nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Compound fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, few by-components and good physical properties. It plays a very important role in balanced fertilization, improving fertilizer utilization and promoting high and stable yields of apple cultivation.

[0003] In the prior art, after high-yield apple compound fertilizer is applied, the soil water content will increase when it rains, causing the compound fertilizer to dissolve quickly, resulting in excessive nutrient loss of the compound fertilizer, and the apple tree cannot absorb enough nutrients, which has a negative impact on the yield of apple planting. Based on this, the present invention provides a high-yield apple compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield apple compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer prepared by the present invention not only has good anti-loss performance, but also has excellent yield improvement performance, thereby effectively improving the use performance of the high-yield apple compound fertilizer.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-yield apple compound fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of chicken manure, 30-40 parts of cow manure, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 10-20 parts of wine lees, 6-10 parts of bran, 6-10 parts of activated carbon, 6-10 parts of biogas residue, 4-6 parts of straw, 4-6 parts of grape skins and 4-6 parts of pomegranate skins;

[0007] The activated carbon and the straw are pretreated respectively;

[0008] The chicken manure, cow manure, bran, activated carbon and straw are mixed to prepare the fermentation material;

[0009] The grape peel and pomegranate peel are mixed to prepare liquid fertilizer.

[0010] Furthermore, the pretreatment method of the activated carbon is as follows: the activated carbon is crushed and ground, the particle size of the activated carbon ground is 70-90 μm, the activated carbon powder is added to a mixer, Lactobacillus acidophilus is added to the mixer, the mass of the Lactobacillus acidophilus is 10-14% of the mass of the activated carbon, the mixer is set at 120-160 r / min and stirred for 8-12 minutes to complete the pretreatment of the activated carbon.

[0011] Furthermore, the straw pretreatment method is: cutting the straw into small segments of 3 mm in length, and then grinding the straw, wherein the straw is ground into powder with a particle size of 90 to 110 μm, thereby completing the straw pretreatment.

[0012] Furthermore, the fermented material is prepared by the following method: chicken manure and cow dung are fed into a mixer, bran is added into the mixer, the mixer is set to 80-100 r / min and stirred for 8-12 min, activated carbon and straw that have been pretreated are added, the mixer is set to 240-280 r / min and stirred for 8-12 min to obtain a mixture, the mixture is spread outdoors to dry, and after drying, it is fermented in piles for 23-25 ​​days. When the fermentation starts on the 3rd to 5th day, the pile is turned every 3-5 days to obtain the fermented material.

[0013] Furthermore, the pile height of the mixed material for fermentation is 1 to 1.4 m, and the bottom width of the mixed material for fermentation is 2 to 3 m.

[0014] Furthermore, the liquid fertilizer is prepared by the following method: grape skins and pomegranate skins are recovered from a winery, the grape skins and pomegranate skins are put into a compost box, clean water and brown sugar are added into the compost box, and then bacteria are added, the mass of the bacteria is 1% of the mass of the clean water, and the bacteria are selected as an equal mixture of bacillus, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, after being evenly mixed, the box is sealed and fermented for 24 to 26 days, the compost box is degassed every 2 days, and after the fermentation is completed, clean water is added to dilute it 10 to 20 times to prepare the liquid fertilizer.

[0015] Furthermore, the mass of the clean water is 5 to 7 times the total mass of the grape skin and the pomegranate skin, and the mass of the brown sugar is 3 to 5% of the mass of the clean water.

[0016] Furthermore, the lees are lees produced by brewing liquor with sorghum, and the moisture content of the lees is 60-70%.

[0017] Furthermore, the biogas residue is the residue produced by fermentation in a biogas digester, and the moisture content of the biogas residue is selected to be 30-40%.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-yield apple compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: Weigh fermentation material, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and distiller's grains as needed and add them into a mixer, set the mixer to stir at 120-160r / min for 10-20min, and send them into a granulator after mixing. Set the front temperature of the granulator to 160-170°C and the rear temperature to 70-80°C to obtain the first granular material;

[0020] S2: After the pellets are cooled, they are added to a mixer, liquid fertilizer is added to the mixer, the mixer is set at 60-80 r / min for stirring for 8-12 minutes, and after stirring, they are sent to an oven, the oven is set at 40-50° C. for 20-30 minutes, and a second pellet is obtained;

[0021] S3: The second granular material is fed into a mixer, and biogas residue is added into the mixer. The mixer is set at 60-80 r / min and stirred for 8-12 minutes to obtain a high-yield apple compound fertilizer.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. In the present invention, fermented materials are prepared in advance during the processing of high-yield apple compound fertilizer, wherein chicken manure, cow manure and bran are used to provide nutrients for the soil. At the same time, activated carbon, straw, chicken manure and cow manure are mixed and treated, and the rich fiber structure in cow manure and straw is used to improve the adhesion of compound fertilizer to the soil. The activated carbon can adsorb and store nutrients in the compound fertilizer by utilizing its rich pore structure and large specific surface area. After fertilization, the activated carbon slowly releases nutrients to supply the soil, which effectively reduces the loss rate of compound fertilizer after fertilization, improves the nutrient absorption rate of apple roots, and thus increases the yield of apple planting.

[0024] 2. In the present invention, liquid fertilizer is added during the preparation of high-yield apple compound fertilizer. After the liquid fertilizer is mixed with the first granular material and dried, the liquid fertilizer is uniformly infiltrated into the first granular material to form liquid fertilizer. After drying, the moisture is removed so that the nutrients of the liquid fertilizer are evenly combined with the fermentation material. The large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements contained in grape skin and pomegranate skin are used to increase the nutrient content of the compound fertilizer. By adding bacterial strains during the fermentation process of grape skin and pomegranate skin, Bacillus can decompose complex proteins and convert them into amino acids, thereby promoting nutrient absorption by apple roots. Rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can play a role in nitrogen fixation in the soil, thereby improving the nutrient absorption effect of the apple roots.

[0025] 3. In the present invention, by mixing the biogas residue with the second granular material during the preparation process, the biogas residue can be evenly attached and wrapped on the surface of the compound fertilizer after mixing. After the compound fertilizer is applied, the biogas residue can contact with the soil first. The rich organic components and microorganisms in the biogas residue can activate the microorganisms in the soil. After the biogas residue is decomposed, the compound fertilizer is in direct contact with the soil. At this time, the active microorganisms in the soil can activate the nutrition of the compound fertilizer, thereby improving the nutrient supply efficiency of the compound fertilizer and thereby increasing apple yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The present embodiment provides a high-yield apple compound fertilizer, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of chicken manure, 30-40 parts of cow manure, 20-30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 10-20 parts of wine lees, 6-10 parts of bran, 6-10 parts of activated carbon, 6-10 parts of biogas residue, 4-6 parts of straw, 4-6 parts of grape skins and 4-6 parts of pomegranate skins, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is 1:1.5:1.8;

[0028] The activated carbon and straw were pretreated separately;

[0029] Chicken manure, cow manure, bran, activated carbon and straw are mixed to prepare fermentation material;

[0030] Grape skins and pomegranate skins are mixed to prepare liquid fertilizer.

[0031] In some embodiments, the pretreatment method of activated carbon is as follows: the activated carbon is crushed and ground into powder, the particle size of the ground activated carbon is 70-90 μm, the activated carbon powder is added into a mixer, Lactobacillus acidophilus is added into the mixer, the mass of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 10-14% of the mass of the activated carbon, the mixer is set at 120-160 r / min and stirred for 8-12 minutes to complete the pretreatment of the activated carbon.

[0032] In some embodiments, the straw pretreatment method is: cutting the straw into small segments of 3 mm in length, and then grinding the straw to a powder size of 90 to 110 μm, thereby completing the straw pretreatment.

[0033] In some embodiments, the fermented material is prepared by the following method: chicken manure and cow dung are fed into a mixer, bran is added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 80-100r / min and stirred for 8-12min, pretreated activated carbon and straw are added, the mixer is set to 240-280r / min and stirred for 8-12min to obtain a mixture, the mixture is spread outdoors to dry, and after drying, it is fermented in piles for 23-25 ​​days. From the 3rd to 5th day of fermentation, the pile is turned every 3-5 days to obtain the fermented material.

[0034] In some embodiments, the pile height of the mixed material for fermentation is 1 to 1.4 m, and the bottom width of the pile of the mixed material for fermentation is 2 to 3 m.

[0035] In some embodiments, liquid fertilizer is prepared by the following method: grape skins and pomegranate skins are recovered from a winery, the grape skins and pomegranate skins are placed in a compost bin, clean water and brown sugar are added to the compost bin, and then bacteria are added, the mass of the bacteria is 1% of the mass of the clean water, and the bacteria are selected to be an equal mixture of Bacillus, Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. After mixing evenly, the box is sealed and fermented for 24 to 26 days, and the compost bin is deflated every 2 days. After fermentation is completed, clean water is added to dilute it 10 to 20 times to prepare liquid fertilizer.

[0036] In some embodiments, the mass of the clean water is 5 to 7 times the total mass of the grape skin and the pomegranate skin, and the mass of the brown sugar is 3 to 5% of the mass of the clean water.

[0037] In some embodiments, the lees are lees produced by brewing liquor with sorghum, and the moisture content of the lees is 60-70%.

[0038] In some embodiments, the biogas residue is the residue produced by fermentation in a biogas digester, and the moisture content of the biogas residue is selected to be 30-40%.

[0039] In some embodiments, a method for preparing a high-yield apple compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1: Weigh fermentation material, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and distiller's grains as needed and add them into a mixer, set the mixer to stir at 120-160r / min for 10-20min, and send them into a granulator after mixing. Set the front temperature of the granulator to 160-170°C and the rear temperature to 70-80°C to obtain the first granular material;

[0041] S2: After the pellets are cooled, they are added to a mixer, and liquid fertilizer is added to the mixer. The mixer is set at 60-80 r / min for stirring for 8-12 minutes. After stirring, the pellets are sent to an oven, and the oven is set at 40-50° C. for 20-30 minutes to obtain a second pellet;

[0042] S3: The second granular material is fed into a mixer, and biogas residue is added into the mixer. The mixer is set at 60-80 r / min and stirred for 8-12 minutes to obtain a high-yield apple compound fertilizer.

[0043] In the present embodiment, fermented materials are prepared in advance and added during the processing of high-yield apple compound fertilizer, wherein chicken manure, cow manure and bran are used to provide nutrients to the soil, and at the same time, activated carbon, straw, chicken manure and cow manure are mixed and treated, and the rich fiber structure in cow manure and straw is used to improve the adhesion of the compound fertilizer to the soil. The activated carbon can adsorb and store the nutrients in the compound fertilizer by utilizing its rich pore structure and large specific surface area. After fertilization, the activated carbon slowly releases the nutrients to supply the soil, which effectively reduces the loss rate of the compound fertilizer after fertilization, improves the nutrient absorption rate of the apple root system, and thus increases the yield of apple planting. Liquid fertilizer is added during the preparation of high-yield apple compound fertilizer, and the liquid fertilizer is mixed and dried with the first granular material. After processing, the liquid fertilizer is evenly infiltrated into the first granular material to form liquid fertilizer. After drying, the moisture is removed, so that the nutrients of the liquid fertilizer are evenly combined with the fermented material. The large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contained in grape skins and pomegranate skins are used to increase the nutrient content of the compound fertilizer. By mixing the biogas residue with the second granular material during the preparation process, the biogas residue can be evenly attached to and wrapped on the surface of the compound fertilizer after mixing. After the compound fertilizer is applied, the biogas residue can contact the soil first, and the rich organic components and microorganisms in the biogas residue can make the microorganisms in the soil active. After the biogas residue is decomposed, the compound fertilizer is in direct contact with the soil. At this time, the active microorganisms in the soil can fully absorb the nutrients of the compound fertilizer, thereby improving the nutrient supply efficiency of the compound fertilizer, thereby increasing apple yield.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, the inventors also conducted the following experiments:

[0045] It should be noted that the raw materials used in the following experiments are all commercially available raw materials.

[0046] Experiment 1:

[0047] Raw materials: 50 parts of chicken manure, 30 parts of cow manure, 20 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 10 parts of distiller's grains, 6 parts of bran, 6 parts of activated carbon, 6 parts of biogas residue, 4 parts of straw, 4 parts of grape skins and 4 parts of pomegranate skins. The distiller's grains are the distiller's grains produced by brewing liquor with sorghum, and the water content of the distiller's grains is 60%. The biogas residue is the residue produced by fermentation in a biogas digester, and the water content of the biogas residue is 30%.

[0048] Activated carbon pretreatment: The activated carbon is crushed and ground to a particle size of 70 μm. The activated carbon powder is added to a mixer. Lactobacillus acidophilus is added to the mixer. The mass of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 10% of the mass of the activated carbon. The mixer is set at 120 r / min for 8 minutes to complete the pretreatment of the activated carbon.

[0049] Straw pretreatment: The straw is cut into small pieces of 3 mm in length, and then ground into powder. The particle size of the ground straw is 90 μm, thus completing the straw pretreatment.

[0050] Preparation of fermentation material: chicken manure and cow manure are sent to a mixer, bran is added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 80r / min for stirring for 8min, activated carbon and straw that have been pretreated are added, the mixer is set to 240r / min for stirring for 8min, and a mixture is obtained. The mixture is spread outdoors to dry, and after drying, it is piled for fermentation. The pile height of the mixture for pile fermentation is 1m, the bottom width of the pile for pile fermentation is 2m, and the fermentation time is 23 days. When the fermentation starts on the third day, the pile is turned every 3 days to obtain the fermentation material;

[0051] Preparation of liquid fertilizer: grape skins and pomegranate skins are collected from a winery, and the grape skins and pomegranate skins are placed in a compost bin, clean water and brown sugar are added to the compost bin, and then bacteria are added, the mass of the bacteria is 1% of the mass of the clean water, and the bacteria are selected to be an equal mixture of Bacillus, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the mass of the clean water is 5 times the total mass of the grape skins and pomegranate skins, and the mass of the brown sugar is 3% of the mass of the clean water. After mixing evenly, the box is sealed and fermented for 24 days, and the compost bin is degassed every 2 days. After the fermentation is completed, clean water is added to dilute 10 times to obtain liquid fertilizer;

[0052] Preparation of high-yield apple compound fertilizer:

[0053] S1: Weigh the fermentation material, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and distiller's grains as needed and add them into the mixer. Set the mixer to 120r / min and stir for 10min. After mixing, send them into the granulator. Set the front temperature of the granulator to 160℃ and the rear temperature to 70℃ to obtain the first granular material.

[0054] S2: After the pellets are cooled, they are added to a mixer, and liquid fertilizer is added to the mixer. The mixer is set to 60r / min and stirred for 8 minutes. After stirring, the pellets are sent to an oven, and the oven is set to 40°C for 20 minutes to obtain a second pellet;

[0055] S3: The second granular material is fed into a mixer, and biogas residue is added into the mixer. The mixer is set at 60 r / min and stirred for 8 minutes to obtain a high-yield apple compound fertilizer.

[0056] Experiment 2:

[0057] Raw materials: 55 parts of chicken manure, 35 parts of cow manure, 25 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 15 parts of distiller's grains, 8 parts of bran, 8 parts of activated carbon, 8 parts of biogas residue, 5 parts of straw, 5 parts of grape skins and 5 parts of pomegranate skins. The distiller's grains are the distiller's grains produced by brewing liquor with sorghum, and the water content of the distiller's grains is 65%. The biogas residue is the residue produced by fermentation in a biogas digester, and the water content of the biogas residue is 35%.

[0058] Activated carbon pretreatment: The activated carbon is crushed and ground to a particle size of 80 μm. The activated carbon powder is added to a mixer. Lactobacillus acidophilus is added to the mixer. The mass of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 12% of the mass of the activated carbon. The mixer is set at 140 r / min for 10 minutes to complete the pretreatment of the activated carbon.

[0059] Straw pretreatment: The straw is cut into small pieces of 3 mm in length, and then ground into powder with a particle size of 100 μm, completing the straw pretreatment;

[0060] Preparation of fermentation material: chicken manure and cow manure are sent to a mixer, bran is added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 90r / min for stirring for 10min, activated carbon and straw that have been pretreated are added, the mixer is set to 260r / min for stirring for 10min to obtain a mixture, the mixture is spread outdoors to dry, and after drying, it is piled for fermentation. The pile height of the mixture for fermentation is 1.2m, the bottom width of the pile for fermentation is 2.5m, and the fermentation time is 24 days. When the fermentation starts on the 4th day, the pile is turned every 4 days to obtain the fermentation material;

[0061] Preparation of liquid fertilizer: grape skins and pomegranate skins are collected from a winery, and the grape skins and pomegranate skins are placed in a compost bin, clean water and brown sugar are added to the compost bin, and then bacteria are added, the mass of the bacteria is 1% of the mass of the clean water, and the bacteria are selected to be an equal mixture of Bacillus, rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the mass of the clean water is 6 times the total mass of the grape skins and pomegranate skins, and the mass of the brown sugar is 4% of the mass of the clean water. After mixing evenly, the box is sealed and fermented for 25 days, and the compost bin is degassed every 2 days. After the fermentation is completed, clean water is added to dilute it 15 times to obtain liquid fertilizer;

[0062] Preparation of high-yield apple compound fertilizer:

[0063] S1: Weigh the fermentation material, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and distiller's grains as needed and add them into the mixer. Set the mixer to 140r / min and stir for 15min. After mixing, send them into the granulator. Set the front temperature of the granulator to 165℃ and the rear temperature to 75℃ to obtain the first granular material.

[0064] S2: After the pellets are cooled, they are added to a mixer, and liquid fertilizer is added to the mixer. The mixer is set at 70r / min and stirred for 10 minutes. After stirring, the pellets are sent to an oven, and the oven is set at 45°C for 25 minutes to obtain a second pellet;

[0065] S3: The second granular material is fed into a mixer, and biogas residue is added into the mixer. The mixer is set at 70 r / min and stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a high-yield apple compound fertilizer.

[0066] Experiment 3:

[0067] Raw materials: 60 parts of chicken manure, 40 parts of cow manure, 30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 20 parts of distiller's grains, 10 parts of bran, 10 parts of activated carbon, 10 parts of biogas residue, 6 parts of straw, 6 parts of grape skins and 6 parts of pomegranate skins. The distiller's grains are the distiller's grains produced by brewing liquor with sorghum, and the water content of the distiller's grains is 70%. The biogas residue is the residue produced by fermentation in a biogas digester, and the water content of the biogas residue is 40%.

[0068] Activated carbon pretreatment: The activated carbon is crushed and ground to a particle size of 90 μm. The activated carbon powder is added to a mixer. Lactobacillus acidophilus is added to the mixer. The mass of Lactobacillus acidophilus is 14% of the mass of the activated carbon. The mixer is set at 160 r / min and stirred for 12 minutes to complete the pretreatment of the activated carbon.

[0069] Straw pretreatment: The straw is cut into small pieces of 3 mm in length, and then ground into powder. The particle size of the ground straw is 110 μm, thus completing the straw pretreatment.

[0070] Preparation of fermentation material: chicken manure and cow manure are sent to a mixer, bran is added to the mixer, the mixer is set to 100r / min for stirring for 12min, activated carbon and straw that have been pretreated are added, the mixer is set to 280r / min for stirring for 12min to obtain a mixture, the mixture is spread outdoors to dry, and after drying, it is piled for fermentation. The pile height of the mixture for fermentation is 1.4m, the bottom width of the pile for fermentation is 3m, and the fermentation time is 25 days. When the fermentation starts on the 5th day, the pile is turned every 5 days to obtain the fermentation material;

[0071] Preparation of liquid fertilizer: grape skins and pomegranate skins are collected from a winery, and the grape skins and pomegranate skins are placed in a compost bin, clean water and brown sugar are added to the compost bin, and then bacteria are added, the mass of the bacteria is 1% of the mass of the clean water, and the bacteria are selected to be an equal mixture of Bacillus, Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the mass of the clean water is 7 times the total mass of the grape skins and pomegranate skins, and the mass of brown sugar is 5% of the mass of the clean water. After mixing evenly, the box is sealed and fermented for 26 days, and the compost bin is degassed every 2 days. After the fermentation is completed, clean water is added to dilute it 20 times to obtain liquid fertilizer;

[0072] Preparation of high-yield apple compound fertilizer:

[0073] S1: Weigh the fermentation material, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and distiller's grains as needed and add them into the mixer. Set the mixer to 160r / min and stir for 20min. After mixing, send them into the granulator. Set the front temperature of the granulator to 170℃ and the rear temperature to 80℃ to obtain the first granular material.

[0074] S2: After the pellets are cooled, they are added to a mixer, and liquid fertilizer is added to the mixer. The mixer is set to 80r / min and stirred for 12 minutes. After stirring, the pellets are sent to an oven and the oven is set to 50°C for 30 minutes to obtain a second pellet;

[0075] S3: The second granular material is fed into a mixer, and biogas residue is added into the mixer. The mixer is set at 80 r / min and stirred for 12 minutes to obtain a high-yield apple compound fertilizer.

[0076] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is that:

[0077] This comparative example does not contain cow dung and bran.

[0078] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is that:

[0079] This comparative example does not contain biogas residue.

[0080] Comparative Example 3: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is that:

[0081] This comparative example does not contain liquid fertilizer.

[0082] Comparative Example 4: The difference between this comparative example and Experiment 1 is that:

[0083] In this comparative example, an equal amount of fermented cow dung was used to replace the fermentation material.

[0084] Performance test: The performance test was carried out on the high-yield apple compound fertilizer prepared in Experiment 1, Experiment 2, Experiment 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4.

[0085] In the performance test, a test barrel with a diameter of 50 cm and a height of 1.5 m was prepared. The upper and lower ends of the test barrel were both open, and a filter was installed at the bottom. The test barrel was filled with soil, and the soil was compacted to simulate the state of normal planting soil. Multiple test barrels were tested separately, and the high-yield apple compound fertilizer prepared by Experiment 1, Experiment 2, Experiment 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 were used to apply fertilizer at a soil depth of 5 cm. The amount of fertilizer applied was 100 g. After fertilization, water was sprinkled at a rate of 20 ml / min on the top of the test barrel for 3 days. After the first and last sprinkling, the liquid discharged from the filter below the test barrel was tested for phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium content. The loss rate test data of the compound fertilizer was obtained according to the first and second test results.

[0086] A plurality of test fields with an area of ​​1 mu were selected, and the planting varieties and planting densities of the test fields were the same. The high-yield apple compound fertilizers prepared in Experiment 1, Experiment 2, Experiment 3, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 were used to fertilize the test fields respectively. After harvest, the average single plant yield and per mu yield were recorded, and the obtained test data were recorded in the following table:

[0087]

[0088] It can be seen that the average single-plant yield and per-acre yield of the high-yield apple compound fertilizer prepared by Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 are lower than those of Experiments 1, 2, and 3, and the loss rate of the high-yield apple compound fertilizer prepared by Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 is higher than that of Experiments 1, 2, and 3; this shows that: by pre-preparing the fermented material in the processing of the high-yield apple compound fertilizer, while using chicken manure, cow dung and bran to provide nutrients to the soil, through the mixed treatment of activated carbon, straw, chicken manure and cow dung, and the rich fiber structure in cow dung and straw, the adhesion of the compound fertilizer to the soil can be improved, and the activated carbon can use its rich pore structure and large specific surface area to adsorb and store the nutrients in the compound fertilizer. After fertilization, the activated carbon slowly releases nutrients to the soil for supply, which effectively reduces the loss rate of the compound fertilizer after fertilization, improves the nutrient absorption rate of the apple root system, and thus increases the yield of apple planting.

[0089] By comparing and analyzing the relevant data in the table, it can be seen that the high-yield apple compound fertilizer prepared by the present invention not only has good anti-loss performance, but also has excellent yield improvement performance. This shows that the high-yield apple compound fertilizer provided by the present invention has a broader market prospect and is more suitable for promotion.

[0090] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0091] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help illustrate the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-yield apple compound fertilizer, characterized by: The method comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 60 parts of chicken manure, 30 to 40 parts of cow manure, 20 to 30 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 10 to 20 parts of distiller's grains, 6 to 10 parts of bran, 6 to 10 parts of activated carbon, 6 to 10 parts of biogas residue, 4 to 6 parts of straw, 4 to 6 parts of grape skins and 4 to 6 parts of pomegranate skins; The activated carbon and the straw are pretreated respectively; The chicken manure, cow manure, bran, activated carbon and straw are mixed to prepare the fermentation material; The grape peel and pomegranate peel are mixed to prepare liquid fertilizer.

2. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment method of the activated carbon is as follows: the activated carbon is crushed and ground, the particle size of the ground activated carbon is 70-90 μm, the activated carbon powder is added into a mixer, Lactobacillus acidophilus is added into the mixer, the mass of the Lactobacillus acidophilus is 10-14% of the mass of the activated carbon, the mixer is set at 120-160 r / min and stirred for 8-12 minutes to complete the pretreatment of the activated carbon.

3. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw pretreatment method is as follows: the straw is cut into small segments of 3 mm in length, and then ground into powder, wherein the particle size of the straw ground into powder is 90 to 110 μm, and the straw pretreatment is completed.

4. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermented material is prepared by the following method: chicken manure and cow manure are fed into a mixer, bran is added into the mixer, the mixer is set to 80-100r / min and stirred for 8-12min, activated carbon and straw that have been pretreated are added, the mixer is set to 240-280r / min and stirred for 8-12min to obtain a mixture, the mixture is spread outdoors to dry, and after drying, it is piled for fermentation, the fermentation time is 23-25 ​​days, and from the 3rd to the 5th day of fermentation, the pile is turned every 3-5 days to obtain the fermented material.

5. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pile height of the mixed material for fermentation is 1 to 1.4 m, and the bottom width of the mixed material for fermentation is 2 to 3 m.

6. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid fertilizer is prepared by the following method: grape skins and pomegranate skins are recovered from a winery, the grape skins and pomegranate skins are put into a compost box, clean water and brown sugar are added into the compost box, then bacteria are added, the mass of the bacteria is 1% of the mass of the clean water, and the bacteria are selected from an equal mixture of bacillus, rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, then bacteria are added, the mass of the bacteria is 1% of the mass of the clean water, and the bacteria are selected from an equal mixture of bacillus, rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, after uniform mixing, the box is sealed and fermented for 24 to 26 days, the compost box is degassed every 2 days, and after the fermentation is completed, clean water is added to dilute 10 to 20 times to prepare the liquid fertilizer.

7. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass of the clean water is 5 to 7 times the total mass of the grape skin and the pomegranate skin, and the mass of the brown sugar is 3 to 5% of the mass of the clean water.

8. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lees are lees produced by brewing liquor with sorghum, and the moisture content of the lees is 60-70%.

9. The high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biogas residue is the residue produced by fermentation in a biogas tank, and the water content of the biogas residue is selected to be 30-40%.

10. A method for preparing the high-yield apple compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Weigh fermentation material, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and distiller's grains as needed and add them into a mixer, set the mixer to stir at 120-160r / min for 10-20min, and send them into a granulator after mixing. Set the front temperature of the granulator to 160-170°C and the rear temperature to 70-80°C to obtain the first granular material; S2: After the pellets are cooled, they are added to a mixer, liquid fertilizer is added to the mixer, the mixer is set at 60-80 r / min for stirring for 8-12 minutes, and after stirring, they are sent to an oven, the oven is set at 40-50° C. for 20-30 minutes, and a second pellet is obtained; S3: The second granular material is fed into a mixer, and biogas residue is added into the mixer. The mixer is set at 60-80 r / min and stirred for 8-12 minutes to obtain a high-yield apple compound fertilizer.

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