Self-suction optical fiber laser cutting machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-suction type optical fiber laser cutting machine which comprises a machine body, a workbench is arranged in the machine body, a portal frame is arranged on the machine body, a laser cutting head is arranged on the portal frame, a self-suction device moving along with the laser cutting head is installed in the workbench, and a cooling assembly is arranged at the head end of the self-suction device. A cyclone separation assembly is arranged at the middle section of the self-suction device, and a filtering assembly is arranged at the tail end of the self-suction device; through real-time position linkage of the moving assembly and the laser cutting head, the self-suction device can accurately follow the cutting head to move, and it is ensured that the suction range always covers the cutting area; according to the cooling assembly, a right-angle bent-pipe-shaped slag cooling pipe is embedded in a water tank, the design of a spoke type contact plate is combined, and the temperature of molten residues is rapidly reduced through heat exchange between cold water and the inclined contact plate; through the synergistic effect of the cyclone separation assembly and the filtering assembly, efficient separation of smoke dust and residues is achieved, and two-stage purification of smoke is achieved through the Y-shaped filter and the activated carbon layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser cutting machines, and specifically to a self-priming fiber laser cutting machine. Background Technique

[0002] A fiber laser cutting machine is an advanced laser processing device that uses a high-energy density laser beam generated by a fiber laser. By focusing on the surface of the workpiece, the material is instantly melted or vaporized, thereby achieving precise cutting. During the cutting process, a large amount of high-temperature smoke and molten residues are generated when the high-energy laser beam acts on the material surface. These by-products not only pollute the working environment and endanger the health of operators, but also affect the cutting quality and even damage the equipment.

[0003] In the prior art, in the method of mobile dust suction that can follow the laser cutting head, the suction head is connected to a pipeline to suck the flue gas and molten residues generated during laser cutting. However, the direct entry of high-temperature molten residues into the pipeline is likely to cause damage to the inner wall of the pipeline and will adhere to the pipe wall, affecting its service life. In addition, it cannot dynamically adjust the power and energy consumption of the suction device according to the amount of smoke generated during cutting. Moreover, its filtering device mostly adopts a single filtering method, with limited purification effect on fine particles and harmful gases, and low efficiency in residue collection and treatment.

[0004] Chinese Patent CN118287857A discloses a self-priming fiber laser cutting machine, including a machine base, an operation platform, and a laser cutting assembly. The machine base is hollow inside and has an open upper end. The operation platform is located inside the machine base, and a plurality of through slots are opened on the operation platform along its thickness direction. A self-priming assembly for sucking harmful gases and molten materials generated during cutting operations is provided below the operation platform. The self-priming assembly moves with the movement of the laser generator. After the high-pressure air pump is started, the suction head generates suction force, so that the harmful gases and splashing molten materials generated when the cutting head cuts the workpiece can be sucked away, reducing the pollution of the harmful gases to the working environment. By moving the self-priming assembly with the movement of the laser generator, the present invention reduces the adhesion of molten materials splashing on the laser cutting assembly and the surface of the workpiece, ensures the normal operation of the laser cutting assembly, and at the same time reduces the subsequent cleaning process of the workpiece, improving production efficiency. However, the hose connected to its suction head will be scalded by high-temperature molten slag, and the molten slag will adhere to the inner wall of the hose, resulting in blockage; the high-pressure air pump it uses cannot adjust its operating efficiency according to the amount of smoke and does not have multiple molten slag separation methods, so the dust suction effect achieved is not good. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defects existing in the above background technique and provide a self-priming fiber laser cutting machine.

[0006] The present invention realizes the above object through the following technical solutions: providing a self-priming fiber laser cutting machine, which includes a bed body with a hollow interior and an open upper end. A workbench is arranged inside the bed body. A gantry is movably arranged on the bed body through a moving seat. A laser cutting head is movably arranged on the gantry. A self-priming device that moves along with the laser cutting head is installed inside the workbench. The self-priming device sucks the fumes and molten residues generated during the cutting operation of the laser cutting head. A cooling component for cooling the newly inhaled high-temperature molten residues is arranged at the head end of the self-priming device. A cyclone separation component for separating the fumes and molten residues is arranged in the middle section of the self-priming device. A filtering component for filtering the fumes is arranged at the tail end of the self-priming device. The self-priming device further includes a moving component for driving the self-priming device to move along with the laser cutting head, and a moving plate for driving the head end of the self-priming device to move and suck is arranged on the moving component.

[0007] Further, the moving component includes two first motors respectively and fixedly installed on both sides of the workbench. The output ends of the first motors are respectively connected with first screws. The other ends of the first screws are rotatably installed on the workbench. A slag collection box is arranged between the two first screws. Connecting ears are arranged on both side surfaces at the two ends of the slag collection box. Connecting screw holes that cooperate with the first screws are formed in the connecting ears. Installation blocks are fixedly connected to the two ends of the top of the slag collection box. A second motor is installed on the side surface of the installation block. A second screw is rotatably arranged between the two installation blocks. The output end of the second motor is connected with the second screw. The moving plate is installed on the second screw through threaded connection. A guide rod is arranged between the two installation blocks on one side of the second screw. The guide rod penetrates through the moving plate.

[0008] Further, a magnetic grating ruler or a grating ruler is installed on the X / Y-axis guide rails of the laser cutting head to obtain its coordinate position in real time. The position data of the laser cutting head is transmitted to the control unit of the moving component in real time through a high-speed industrial bus.

[0009] Furthermore, the head end of the self-priming device includes the cooling component and a funnel-shaped suction head; the cooling component includes a water tank installed on the moving plate, and a slag cooling pipe with a right-angle elbow-shaped structure is arranged in the water tank. The two ends of the slag cooling pipe are respectively connected and installed on the top surface and the side surface of the water tank. A plurality of radially arranged contact plates which are inclined are arranged in the slag cooling pipe. The contact plates are evenly distributed in a spoke-like manner and are attached to the inner wall of the pipe at intervals along the right-angle bending center line of the slag cooling pipe. Each contact plate is provided with a water inlet cavity communicated with the cold water in the water tank; the suction head is installed on the top surface of the water tank, and a connecting pipe communicated with the slag cooling pipe is connected to the tail of the suction head. The inner diameter of the connecting pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the slag cooling pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the cyclone separation component includes a cyclone separation barrel installed on the top surface of the slag collection box. The lower cone of the cyclone separation barrel extends into the slag collection box. An air suction pipe is connected to the tangential air inlet of the cyclone separation barrel. The other end of the air suction pipe is installed on the side surface of the water tank and communicated with the slag cooling pipe. The inner diameter of the air suction pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the slag cooling pipe. An air outlet pipe is connected to the top air outlet of the cyclone separation barrel; an installation box is connected to the side surface of the box body of the slag collection box, and a centrifugal fan is installed in the installation box. The other end of the air outlet pipe is connected to the air inlet of the centrifugal fan.

[0011] Furthermore, the air suction pipe includes a metal pipe installed on the top surface of the slag collection box and a hose connected to the metal pipe. The other end of the hose is connected and installed on the side surface of the water tank and communicated with the slag cooling pipe. A pipe clamp is arranged at the end where the metal pipe is connected to the hose. The pipe clamp is fixedly installed on the top surface of the slag collection box. The other end of the metal pipe is connected to the tangential air inlet of the cyclone separation barrel; a dust concentration sensor is installed on the outer side surface of the metal pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the filtering component includes a Y-shaped filter connected and installed to the air outlet of the centrifugal fan. The Y-shaped filter includes a filter cylinder and a filter net arranged in the filter cylinder. A detachable bottom cover is arranged at the bottom of the filter cylinder. A purification cylinder is connected to the outlet of the Y-shaped filter, and an activated carbon layer is installed in the purification cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the slag cooling pipe, the connecting pipe, the metal pipe and the air outlet pipe are all made of stainless steel, and the hose is a plastic hose, and its inner wall is coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating.

[0014] Furthermore, a discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the slag collecting tank, and a discharge valve is hermetically installed on the discharge pipe; a guide rail is provided inside the workbench, and the connecting ears at both ends of the slag collecting tank move in the guide rail respectively. A slag collecting trolley for receiving and transporting the residue is provided below the slag collecting tank.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. Through the real-time position linkage of the moving component and the laser cutting head, the self-priming device can accurately follow the movement of the cutting head to ensure that the suction range always covers the cutting area; the cooling component adopts a right-angle elbow-shaped molten slag cooling pipe embedded in the water tank, combined with the design of a spoke-type contact plate. Through the heat exchange between cold water and the inclined contact plate, the temperature of the molten residue is rapidly reduced, avoiding pipe blockage and high-temperature damage. In addition, with the cooperation of flow rate control (the diameter gradient design of the connecting pipe and the molten slag cooling pipe), the residence time of the molten slag is extended, the cooling effect is optimized, and at the same time, the pipe wear is reduced.

[0017] 2. Through the synergistic effect of the cyclone separation component and the filtration component, efficient separation of smoke and residue is achieved. The cyclone separation barrel uses centrifugal force to throw the solid residue into the slag collecting tank, while the flue gas is purified in two stages through the Y-shaped filter and the activated carbon layer, effectively removing fine particles and harmful gases to ensure that the emissions meet the environmental protection standards. A discharge valve is provided at the bottom of the slag collecting tank, which is convenient for rapid cleaning and discharging of the residue, improving the work efficiency.

[0018] 3. An integrated smoke concentration sensor and a PLC control system are used to monitor the smoke concentration in real time and dynamically adjust the power of the centrifugal fan to achieve the balance between suction efficiency and energy consumption. The combined design of the hose (with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating on the inner wall) and the metal pipe takes into account flexibility and durability, and cooperates with the protective net to protect the sensor, extending the service life of the equipment. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the workbench and the self-priming device in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the self-priming device in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 is a top view of the self-priming device in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 is Figure 4 a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in

[0024] Figure 6 is a three-dimensional view and a cross-sectional view of the molten slag cooling pipe in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the filtering component in the present invention.

[0026] In the figure: 1 - bed body, 2 - workbench, 3 - gantry, 4 - laser cutting head, 5 - cooling component, 6 - cyclone separation component, 7 - filtering component, 8 - moving component, 9 - moving plate, 10 - slag collection box, 11 - suction head, 12 - installation box, 13 - pipe clamp, 14 - smoke concentration sensor;

[0027] 51 - water tank, 52 - molten slag cooling pipe, 61 - cyclone separation barrel, 62 - air suction pipe, 63 - air outlet pipe, 64 - centrifugal fan, 71 - Y - type filter, 72 - purification cylinder, 81 - first motor, 82 - first screw rod, 83 - second motor, 84 - second screw rod, 85 - guide rod, 111 - connecting pipe, 521 - contact plate, 522 - water inlet cavity, 621 - metal pipe, 622 - hose, 711 - filter cartridge, 712 - filter screen, 713 - bottom cover. Specific embodiments

[0028] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] Combined with Figure 1-7A self-priming fiber laser cutting machine shown in the figure includes a bed body 1 with a hollow interior and an open upper end. A workbench 2 is provided inside the bed body 1. A gantry 3 is movably arranged on the bed body 1 through a moving seat. A laser cutting head 4 is movably arranged on the gantry 3. A self-priming device that moves along with the laser cutting head 4 is installed inside the workbench 2. The self-priming device sucks the fumes and molten residues generated during the cutting operation of the laser cutting head 4. A cooling component 5 for cooling the newly inhaled high-temperature molten residues is arranged at the head end of the self-priming device. A cyclone separation component 6 for separating the fumes and molten residues is arranged in the middle section of the self-priming device. A filtering component 7 for filtering the fumes is arranged at the tail end of the self-priming device. The self-priming device further includes a moving component 8 that drives the self-priming device to move along with the laser cutting head 4. A moving plate 9 for driving the head end of the self-priming device to move and suck is arranged on the moving component 8.

[0032] As Figure 2-3 Shown in the figure, the moving component 8 includes two first motors 81 respectively and fixedly installed on both sides of the workbench 2. The output ends of the first motors 81 are respectively connected with first lead screws 82. The other ends of the first lead screws 82 are rotatably installed on the workbench 2. A slag collection box 10 is arranged between the two first lead screws 82. Connecting ears are arranged on both side surfaces at the two ends of the slag collection box 10. Connecting screw holes that cooperate with the first lead screws 82 are opened on the connecting ears. Installation blocks are fixedly connected to the two ends of the top of the slag collection box 10. A second motor 83 is installed on the side surface of the installation block. A second lead screw 84 is rotatably arranged between the two installation blocks. The output end of the second motor 83 is connected with the second lead screw 84. A moving plate 9 is installed on the second lead screw 84 through threaded connection. A guide rod 85 is arranged between the two installation blocks on one side of the second lead screw 84. The guide rod 85 penetrates through the moving plate 9. A magnetic grating ruler or grating ruler is installed on the X / Y-axis guide rails of the laser cutting head 4 to obtain its coordinate position in real time. The position data of the laser cutting head 4 is transmitted to the control unit of the moving component 8 in real time through a high-speed industrial bus. Guide rails are arranged inside the workbench 2. The connecting ears at the two ends of the slag collection box 10 move inside the guide rails respectively.

[0033] During use, the control unit can adopt a PLC controller to control the two first motors 81 in the moving component 8 to drive the two first lead screws 82 to rotate synchronously. The slag collection box 10 is driven to move along the X-axis direction with the laser cutting head 4 through the screw connection between the first lead screws 82 and the two connecting ears of the slag collection box 10. By controlling the rotation of the second motor 83 to drive the second lead screw 84 to rotate and using the guide rod 85 for moving guidance, the moving plate 9 follows the laser cutting head 4 to move in the Y direction. Thus, the moving plate 9 drives the suction head 11 to suck the fumes and molten residues generated during laser cutting under the rack on the bed body.

[0034] As Figure 5-6As shown in the figure, the head end of the self-priming device includes a cooling component 5 and a funnel-shaped suction head 11; the cooling component 5 includes a water tank 51 installed on the moving plate 9. Inside the water tank 51, there is a slag cooling pipe 52 with a right-angle elbow shape. The two ends of the slag cooling pipe 52 are respectively connected and installed on the top surface and side surface of the water tank 51. Inside the slag cooling pipe 52, there are multiple radially arranged contact plates 521 that are inclined. The contact plates 521 are evenly distributed in a spoke-like manner and are attached to the inner wall of the pipe at intervals along the right-angle bending center line of the slag cooling pipe 52. Each contact plate 521 is provided with a water inlet cavity 522 that communicates with the cold water inside the water tank 51; on the top surface of the water tank 51, there is a suction head 11 installed. The tail of the suction head 11 is connected with a connecting pipe 111 that communicates with the slag cooling pipe 52. The inner diameter of the connecting pipe 111 is smaller than the inner diameter of the slag cooling pipe 52;

[0035] The self-priming device follows the laser cutting head 4 through the moving component 8 to ensure that the suction range always covers the cutting area; during suction, the centrifugal fan 64 in the cyclone separation component 6 is started, and the suction head 11 is used to suck the flue gas and molten residue generated during the laser cutting process. Subsequently, the flue gas and residue enter the slag cooling pipe 52 through the suction head 11 and the connecting pipe 111; as Figure 6 shown in the figure, on the one hand, there are multiple inclined contact plates 521 inside the slag cooling pipe 52, and the contact plates 521 are distributed and attached to the inner wall of the slag cooling pipe 52. Thus, when the molten residue enters the slag cooling pipe 52, it is bound to come into contact with the contact plates 521. On the other hand, the slag cooling pipe 52 is inside the water tank 51, and cold water is stored in the water tank 51. The cold water will enter the water inlet cavity 522, thus filling the inside of each contact plate 521, thereby reducing the temperature of the contact plates 521. Thus, when the molten residue passes through the slag cooling pipe 52, it will come into contact with the contact plates 521 and conduct heat exchange, thereby reducing the temperature of the molten residue;

[0036] In addition, since the inner diameter of the connecting pipe 111 is smaller than the inner diameter of the slag cooling pipe 52, when the slag moving at a high speed in the connecting pipe 111 enters the slag cooling pipe 52, according to the calculation of the continuity equation = A·v (constant flow rate), the flow velocity of the slag will decrease. The decrease in flow velocity prolongs the residence time of the slag in the slag cooling pipe 52, enabling it to fully conduct heat exchange with the low-temperature contact plates 521, thereby achieving a cooling effect on the molten residue, avoiding damage to the conveying pipe caused by its high temperature, and adhesion inside the pipe; in addition, the low-speed flow reduces the impact wear of the slag on the inner wall of the slag cooling pipe 52. At the same time, combined with the inclined design of the contact plates 521, it promotes the slag crushing and cooling efficiency, and combined with the crushing effect of the contact plates 521, it optimizes the subsequent residue treatment effect.

[0037] As Figure 3-5As shown in the figure, the cyclone separation component 6 includes a cyclone separation barrel 61 installed on the top surface of the slag collection tank 10. The lower cone of the cyclone separation barrel 61 extends into the slag collection tank 10. A suction air pipe 62 is connected to the tangential air inlet of the cyclone separation barrel 61. The other end of the suction air pipe 62 is installed on the side of the water tank 51 and communicated with the slag cooling pipe 52. The inner diameter of the suction air pipe 62 is smaller than that of the slag cooling pipe 52. The top air outlet of the cyclone separation barrel 61 is connected with an air outlet pipe 63; an installation box 12 is connected to the side of the box body of the slag collection tank 10. A centrifugal fan 64 is installed in the installation box 12. The other end of the air outlet pipe 63 is connected to the air inlet of the centrifugal fan 64;

[0038] After the molten residue is cooled, it continues to pass through the suction air pipe 62 together with the flue gas. The inner diameter of the suction air pipe 62 is smaller than that of the slag cooling pipe 52. Therefore, the flow rate of the slag increases after entering the suction air pipe 62, ensuring that the residue efficiently enters the cyclone separation barrel 61. Through the centrifugal force of the cyclone separation barrel 61, the solid residue is thrown into the slag collection tank 10, while the flue gas enters the filtration component 7 through the air outlet pipe 63 and the centrifugal fan 64 to continue filtering fine particles and harmful gases in the flue gas; among them, the slag collection tank 10 adopts a sealed design to avoid air leakage and ensure the stable operation of the cyclone separation barrel. A discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the slag collection tank 10, and a discharge valve is sealed and installed on the discharge pipe. The molten slag in the slag collection tank 10 can be discharged into the slag collection trolley below the slag collection tank 10 by opening the discharge valve, and the slag collection trolley transports the molten slag out; in addition, a vibrator can be installed on the outer side wall of the slag collection tank 10 to enhance the discharge effect of the residue in the slag collection tank 10 and improve the cleaning efficiency when discharging materials using the discharge pipe.

[0039] As Figure 3 and Figure 7 shown in the figure, the filtration component 7 includes a Y-shaped filter 71 connected and installed to the air outlet of the centrifugal fan 64. The Y-shaped filter 71 includes a filter cylinder 711 and a filter net 712 arranged in the filter cylinder 711. A detachable bottom cover 713 is provided at the bottom of the filter cylinder 711. A purification cylinder 72 is connected to the outlet of the Y-shaped filter 71. An activated carbon layer is installed in the purification cylinder 72; during use, the flue gas enters the filtration component 7 after being pressurized by the centrifugal fan 64, and successively passes through the filter net 712 of the Y-shaped filter 71 and the activated carbon layer of the purification cylinder 72. Finally, the purified gas is discharged to the outside, while the fine particles in the flue gas are filtered by the filter net 712 and remain in the Y-shaped filter 71. The particles can be cleaned out by opening the bottom cover 713.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] As Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown in the figure, compared with the first embodiment, the suction duct 62 in this embodiment is divided into a metal duct 621 installed on the top surface of the slag collection tank 10 and a flexible duct 622 connected to the metal duct 621. The other end of the flexible duct 622 is connected and installed on the side of the water tank 51 and communicates with the slag cooling pipe 52. One end of the metal duct 621 connected to the flexible duct 622 is provided with a pipe clamp 13, and the pipe clamp 13 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the slag collection tank 10. The other end of the metal duct 621 is connected to the tangential air inlet of the cyclone separation barrel 61; a dust concentration sensor 14 is installed on the outer side surface of the metal duct 621;

[0042] During use, the flexible duct 622 is a plastic flexible duct, and its inner wall is coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating. The flexible duct 622 is convenient for stretching and can move along with the water tank. One end of the metal duct 621 is connected to the tangential air inlet of the cyclone separation barrel 61, and the other end is fixedly installed on the top surface of the slag collection tank 10 through the pipe clamp 13. Among them, a dust concentration sensor 14 is installed on the metal duct 621. The flue gas passing through the metal duct 621 has been cooled down, and the temperature is stable within the tolerance range of the dust concentration sensor 14 and has not been filtered by the cyclone separation barrel 61 yet, which can truly reflect the actual concentration of the dust during the cutting process; thus, the detection data of the dust concentration sensor 14 is transmitted to the control unit, and the power of the centrifugal fan 64 and the motor speed are dynamically adjusted through the PLC controller to optimize the suction efficiency and reduce the energy consumption. In addition, a protective net can be added outside the dust concentration sensor 14 to prevent large slag particles from directly hitting the sensor, thereby extending the service life. The protective net is made of a highly permeable metal net (such as a stainless steel fine hole net), which can block larger particles and does not hinder the passage of dust, ensuring the detection accuracy.

[0043] The slag cooling pipe 52, the connecting pipe 111, the metal duct 621 and the air outlet duct 63 are all made of stainless steel. The flexible duct 622 is a plastic flexible duct, and its inner wall is coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating.

[0044] Working principle of the present invention: The moving component 8 drives the self-priming device to move along with the laser cutting head 4 according to the real-time position data of the laser cutting head, ensuring that the suction range always covers the cutting area; the funnel-shaped suction head 11 at the front end of the self-priming device inhales high-temperature flue gas and molten residues, and cools them through the slag cooling pipe 52 of the cooling component 5. During the cooling process, the molten residues collide with the inclined contact plate 521, are further broken, and exchange heat with the cold water in the water tank 51 for cooling; the cooled mixture flows into the cyclone separation component 6, and through the centrifugal force of the cyclone separation barrel 61, the solid residues are thrown into the slag collection box 10, while the flue gas enters the next link through the air outlet pipe 63; among them, through the pipe diameter change of "small → large → small", the system realizes the dynamic adjustment of the flow velocity of "high → low → high", the connecting pipe 111 sucks in at high speed to ensure timely suction of the dust in the cutting area, the slag cooling pipe 52 cools at low speed to maximize heat exchange, and the suction pipe 62 conveys at high speed to ensure efficient entry of the residues into the cyclone separation component; finally, the flue gas is pressurized by the centrifugal fan 64 and enters the filtration component 7, successively passes through the filter screen 712 of the Y-shaped filter 71 and the activated carbon layer of the purification cylinder 72, and finally the purified gas is discharged to the outside.

[0045] It should be noted that for the above-mentioned moving component 8 driving the self-priming device to move along with the laser cutting head 4, a PLC (programmable logic controller) widely used in industrial automation can be adopted to control the X / Y / Z axis movement of the laser cutting head, as well as the rotation speed and steering of the synchronous drive motors (such as the first motor and the second motor), receive the real-time position data of the sensors (such as magnetic grating rulers and grating rulers), and realize communication with the moving component 8 through a high-speed industrial bus, so as to realize cutting logic programming and servo motor control through the PLC. In addition, when synchronously controlling the operation of the two first motors 81, an encoder or a position sensor can also be equipped to monitor the motor rotation speed and the screw position in real time, and feedback to the PLC control unit for dynamic adjustment to further ensure the synchronization accuracy and make the dust suction function of the laser cutting machine more stable.

[0046] For the means of controlling the water temperature in the water tank 51 of the present invention so that it can continuously cool the molten residues through heat exchange, it can be achieved by connecting the water tank to an external circulating water cooling device to cool the water in the water tank; or by installing heat dissipation fins on the outer wall of the water tank and setting an axial flow fan to force air convection, and combining natural convection and forced air cooling for heat dissipation, without complex external equipment, which is suitable for small and medium-sized equipment or intermittent operation scenarios.

[0047] Regarding the inner diameter size relationship of the connecting pipe 111, the air suction pipe 62, and the slag cooling pipe 52, it is calculated according to the continuity equation = A·v (constant flow rate). When the inner diameter size of the connecting pipe 111 is 1 / 2 of the inner diameter size of the slag cooling pipe 52, then after calculation, when the slag enters the slag cooling pipe 52, the flow velocity drops to 25% of the flow velocity in the connecting pipe 111, that is, it decreases by 75%. Thereby, the residence time of the slag is prolonged and the cooling effect is optimized. In the actual use process, it is necessary to determine the size of the pipe inner diameter according to the actual situation, so as to reduce the flow velocity of the slag in the slag cooling pipe 52 and strengthen the slag cooling.

[0048] For the soot concentration sensor 14 in the present invention, a laser scattering type soot concentration sensor (such as SICK GM700) can be selected, and its high precision, real-time performance, and anti-interference ability highly match the system requirements. Through the protection net design, installation position optimization, and signal integration, it can be ensured that the sensor operates stably for a long time in a high-temperature and high-dust environment.

[0049] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claimed rights.

[0050] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A self-priming fiber laser cutting machine, comprising a bed (1) which is hollow inside and open at the top, a workbench (2) being arranged inside the bed (1), a gantry (3) being movably arranged on the bed (1) via a movable seat, a laser cutting head (4) being movably arranged on the gantry (3), and characterized in that: A self-priming device is installed in the workbench (2) and moves with the laser cutting head (4). The self-priming device sucks the smoke and molten residue generated when the laser cutting head (4) performs a cutting operation; a cooling component (5) is provided at the head end of the self-priming device to cool the high-temperature molten residue just sucked in, a cyclone separation component (6) is provided in the middle section of the self-priming device to separate the smoke and the molten residue, and a filter component (7) is provided at the tail end of the self-priming device to filter the smoke; the self-priming device also includes a moving component (8) that drives the self-priming device to move with the laser cutting head (4), and a moving plate (9) is provided on the moving component (8) to drive the head end of the self-priming device to move and suck.

2. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving assembly (8) comprises two first motors (81) respectively fixedly mounted on both sides of the workbench (2), the output ends of the first motors (81) are respectively connected with first screws (82), the other ends of the first screws (82) are rotatably mounted on the workbench (2), a slag collecting box (10) is arranged between the two first screws (82), the side surfaces of both ends of the slag collecting box (10) are provided with connecting ears, and the connecting ears are provided with connecting screw holes for matching and connecting with the first screws (82); the top two ends of the slag collecting box (10) are fixedly connected with mounting blocks, the side surfaces of the mounting blocks are provided with a second motor (83), a second screw (84) is rotatably mounted between the two mounting blocks, and the output end of the second motor (83) is connected to the second screw (84); the moving plate (9) is mounted on the second screw (84) by threaded connection, a guide rod (85) is arranged between the two mounting blocks on one side of the second screw (84), and the guide rod (85) passes through the moving plate (9).

3. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: A magnetic scale or a grating scale is installed on the X / Y axis guide rail of the laser cutting head (4) to obtain its coordinate position in real time; and the position data of the laser cutting head (4) is transmitted in real time to the control unit of the moving component (8) via a high-speed industrial bus.

4. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The head end of the self-priming device comprises the cooling component (5) and a funnel-shaped suction head (11); the cooling component (5) comprises a water tank (51) mounted on the movable plate (9); a slag cooling pipe (52) of a right-angle bent pipe structure is arranged in the water tank (51); two ends of the slag cooling pipe (52) are respectively connected and mounted on the top surface and the side surface of the water tank (51); a plurality of radial contact plates (521) arranged obliquely are arranged in the slag cooling pipe (52); the contact plates (521) are spoke-shaped. The contact plates (521) are evenly distributed and are attached to the inner wall of the pipe at intervals along the right-angle bending center line of the slag cooling pipe (52); each of the contact plates (521) is provided with a water inlet cavity (522) connected to the cold water in the water tank (51); the suction head (11) is installed on the top surface of the water tank (51); the tail of the suction head (11) is connected to a connecting pipe (111) connected to the slag cooling pipe (52); the inner diameter of the connecting pipe (111) is smaller than the inner diameter of the slag cooling pipe (52).

5. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cyclone separation assembly (6) comprises a cyclone separation barrel (61) mounted on the top surface of the slag collecting box (10), the lower cone of the cyclone separation barrel (61) extends into the slag collecting box (10), a suction pipe (62) is connected to the tangential air inlet of the cyclone separation barrel (61), the other end of the suction pipe (62) is mounted on the side of the water tank (51) and communicated with the slag cooling pipe (52), the inner diameter of the suction pipe (62) is smaller than the inner diameter of the slag cooling pipe (52), and an air outlet pipe (63) is connected to the top air outlet of the cyclone separation barrel (61); a mounting box (12) is connected to the side of the box body of the slag collecting box (10), a centrifugal fan (64) is installed in the mounting box (12), and the other end of the air outlet pipe (63) is connected to the air inlet of the centrifugal fan (64).

6. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air suction pipe (62) comprises a metal pipe (621) installed on the top surface of the slag collecting box (10) and a hose (622) connected to the metal pipe (621); the other end of the hose (622) is connected to the side of the water tank (51) and communicates with the slag cooling pipe (52); one end of the metal pipe (621) connected to the hose (622) is provided with a pipe clamp (13); the pipe clamp (13) is fixedly installed on the top surface of the slag collecting box (10); the other end of the metal pipe (621) is connected to the tangential air inlet of the cyclone separation barrel (61); and a smoke concentration sensor (14) is installed on the outer side surface of the metal pipe (621).

7. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The filter assembly (7) comprises a Y-type filter (71) connected to the air outlet of the centrifugal fan (64), the Y-type filter (71) comprising a filter cartridge (711) and a filter screen (712) arranged in the filter cartridge (711), a detachable bottom cover (713) is arranged at the bottom of the filter cartridge (711), and a purification cartridge (72) is connected to the outlet of the Y-type filter (71), and an activated carbon layer is installed in the purification cartridge (72).

8. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slag cooling pipe (52), the connecting pipe (111), the metal pipe (621) and the air outlet pipe (63) are all made of stainless steel, and the hose (622) is a plastic hose, and its inner wall is coated with a high-temperature resistant ceramic coating.

9. The self-priming fiber laser cutting machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: A discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of the slag collecting box (10), and a discharge valve is sealed and installed on the discharge pipe; a guide rail is provided on the inner side of the workbench (2), and the connecting ears at both ends of the slag collecting box (10) move respectively within the guide rail; a slag collecting trolley for receiving and transporting residues is provided below the slag collecting box (10).

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