Mycelium composite material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a mycelium composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. According to the composite material, the black pleurotus cornucopiae is adopted as a strain, the growth speed of mycelia is high, the whole cultivation period can be completed within a short time, and the black pleurotus cornucopiae mycelia adopted by the composite material are thick and dense and show high nutrient absorption capacity and adaptability. The mycelium composite material prepared in a culture medium mainly comprising corncobs is excellent in performance, has the characteristics of low density, low moisture absorption rate, low expansion rate, high strength, high rebound resilience and the like, and has more advantages in the aspects of humidity control, bearing capacity and long-term stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mycelium composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of composite materials. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging green and environmentally friendly material, mycelium material has shown great application potential in many fields due to its good biodegradability, low-energy production process and high adaptability. It is mainly composed of fungal mycelium through cultivation, growth and polymerization, and has good mechanical properties and biodegradability. Therefore, it has received widespread attention in the fields of packaging, construction, furniture and home furnishing. However, despite the many advantages of mycelium materials, the existing technology still faces some problems that need to be solved.

[0003] Most flower pots on the market are made of plastic, ceramic or metal. Although these materials can meet basic usage functions, they have significant defects in environmental protection and resource consumption. The widespread use of plastic flower pots will cause environmental pollution, and the production and transportation of ceramic and metal materials consume a lot of energy. In contrast, mycelium composite materials are not only biodegradable, but the production process can significantly reduce carbon emissions, which meets the requirements of modern society for environmental protection and sustainable development.

[0004] Cat scratching boards are common pet products. The materials commonly used in the market include cardboard, plastic and wood, etc. These materials often fail to meet the dual requirements of durability and environmental protection. The use of mycelium composite materials to make cat scratching boards can not only provide sufficient firmness and tensile strength, but also avoid the environmental pollution caused by plastic products through the characteristics of natural biodegradation.

[0005] Although mycelium composite materials have broad application prospects in the field of home furnishing, the performance of current mycelium composite materials has large fluctuations. Different strains and different culture media have a great influence on the growth rate of mycelium, material density and the mechanical properties of the final material. The existing mycelium composite materials take a long time to prepare and are costly. In addition, when preparing home furnishing products such as flower pots and cat scratching boards, they cannot meet the requirements of lightness and breathability. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention successfully developed a mycelium composite material suitable for home furnishings such as flower pots and cat scratching boards by screening strains and culture media and improving the preparation process. The material has excellent characteristics such as environmental protection, durability and biodegradability. It can not only replace traditional materials and meet the growing green consumption demand in the market, but also has strong market competitiveness.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide a mycelium composite material, which is obtained by culturing the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii in a culture matrix containing corn cobs.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the black mushroom is purchased from Jiangsu Jiangdu Tianda Edible Fungi Research Institute, the purchase link is https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html?ps=ie9WF5JpJh, the mushroom series, the variety code is black mushroom.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the culture matrix containing corn cobs specifically includes the following ingredients: corn cobs: 45-55%, crushed cottonseed hulls: 30-40%, soybean meal: 7-9%, gypsum powder: 3-4%, ammonium sulfate: 0.5-1.5%, superphosphate: 1-3%, and sodium chloride: 0.4-1%.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, water is added to the culture matrix containing corn cobs after preparation to control the moisture content to be maintained at 60-70%.

[0012] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the mycelium composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Evenly inoculate the prepared black mushroom strains into the culture matrix containing corn cobs and put them into a mold;

[0014] S2. After the mold is filled, the mold is cultured at a temperature of 25-30°C and a humidity of 60-80% until the mold is filled and solidified;

[0015] S3, demoulding the molded mycelium composite, and drying it to obtain the mycelium composite material.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the culture matrix containing corn cobs specifically includes the following ingredients: corn cobs: 45-55%, crushed cottonseed hulls: 30-40%, soybean meal: 7-9%, gypsum powder: 3-4%, ammonium sulfate: 0.5-1.5%, superphosphate: 1-3%, and sodium chloride: 0.4-1%.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, water is added to the culture matrix containing corn cobs after preparation to control the moisture content to be maintained at 60-70%.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, 2 to 5 grams of bacterial strains are inoculated per 100 grams of culture medium.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the strain is prepared by the following method: the black mushroom strain is sprinkled into the black mushroom initial culture medium, and the mixed initial culture medium is cultured at 26-30°C, 75-85% humidity, and 10-30 lux of light until the mycelium covers the entire culture medium; wherein the initial culture medium comprises the following ingredients: 85-95% of crushed cottonseed hulls, 4-6% of wheat bran, 2-4% of corn flour, 0.5-1.5% of gypsum powder, 0.2-0.6% of ammonium sulfate, 0.2-0.6% of superphosphate, and 0.1-0.3% of sodium chloride.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the culture time is 7 to 14 days.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, drying is performed at 50-60° C. until the moisture content of the mycelium composite material drops below 10%.

[0022] The third object of the present invention is to provide a household product, wherein the household product is prepared by using the mycelium composite material.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the household product, when being prepared, further comprises coating a waterproof coating on the surface.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] The composite material of the present invention adopts black mushroom as the strain, the mycelium grows fast, and the entire cultivation cycle can be completed in a short time, and the black mushroom mycelium used in the present invention is thick and dense, showing strong nutrient absorption capacity and adaptability. The mycelium composite material prepared in a culture medium mainly based on corn cobs has superior performance, low density, low moisture absorption rate, low expansion rate, high strength, high resilience and other characteristics, and has more advantages in humidity control, load-bearing capacity and long-term stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 To culture mycelium of different edible fungi and determine their growth rate;

[0028] Figure 2 To cultivate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii from different origins and determine its growth rate;

[0029] Figure 3 is a flow chart for the preparation of mycelium biocomposites;

[0030] Figure 4 The measured values ​​of moisture absorption rate of the black mushroom mycelium composite material and the oyster mushroom mycelium composite material at different time points;

[0031] Figure 5 The thickness expansion rate of the black mushroom mycelium composite material and the oyster mushroom mycelium composite material at different time points is measured;

[0032] Figure 6 The preparation process and finished product display diagram of mycelium household flower pots and cat scratching boards; Figure 7 This is a growth trend chart of different edible fungi species on PDA plates; Figure 8 These are the screening results for the optimal single culture medium for Agaricus nigrostriatus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples. These implementation cases are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope limited by the claims attached to the application.

[0034] Source of raw materials

[0035] Black Mushroom No. 1 (Agaricus blazei) was purchased from Jiangsu Jiangdu Tianda Edible Fungi Research Institute, purchase link https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html?ps=ie9WF5JpJh Chinese Mushroom Series, variety code black mushroom, strain characteristics: fruiting 2-29℃, dark brown, short stalk. After purchase, under sterile conditions, healthy bacterial blocks with a diameter of about 2-3mm were separated from the strains, inoculated into sterilized PDA solid medium (formula: 200g potato, 20g glucose, 1L water, pH6.8-7.0), and cultured at 25℃. The growth of mycelium was observed every 5-7 days, and pure mycelium without contamination by foreign bacteria was finally obtained through 3-5 transfers and purifications. Subsequently, the purified mycelium was inoculated into the PDA slant medium by sterile operation to prepare the test tube strain, and cultured at 25℃ for 3-5 days until the mycelium covered the slant. After the culture is completed, the test tube bacteria should be sealed and stored in a 4°C refrigerator, which can stably maintain the activity of the bacteria for more than 6 months and provide reliable source support for subsequent research and application.

[0036] Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), enoki mushroom (Flammulinavelutipes), king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), hericium erinaceus, tea tree mushroom (Agrocybe aegerita), chicken leg mushroom (Coprinus comatus), white enoki mushroom (Pleurotus nebrodensis), shiitake mushroom (Hypsizygus marm oreus), nameko mushroom (Pholiota nameko), giant ball mushroom (Strophariarugosoannulata), straw mushroom (Volu aria volvacea (Bull.) Quel.), and white jade mushroom (Hypsizygus marmoreus) were all purchased from Jiangsu Jiangdu Tianda Edible Fungi Research Institute. The purchase link is https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html? In ps=ie9WF5JpJh, the variety code of Oyster Mushroom is Oyster Mushroom Zaoyou 8; the variety code of Shiitake Mushroom is Shiitake Mushroom 808; the variety code of Flammulina Enoki is Flammulina Enoki Yuxue 22; the variety code of Pleurotus eryngii is Pleurotus eryngii 2; the variety code of Hericium erinaceus is Long-spined Hericium erinaceus; the variety code of Agrocybe agrocybe is Agrocybe agrocybe F2; the variety code of Coprinus comatus is Coprinus comatus cc900; the variety code of Pleurotus ostreatus is Pleurotus ostreatus 2; the variety code of Mushroom is Mushroom; the variety code of Nameko is Nameko Zaozhuang 1; the variety code of Stropharia rugosodium is Stropharia rugosodium; the variety code of Volvariella volvacea is Volvariella volvacea v971; the variety code of Oyster mushroom is Oyster mushroom.

[0037] Experimental detection method:

[0038] (1) Mycelial growth rate test: Mycelial growth rate: draw a line at the front end of the mycelial growth, take the inoculated fungus block as the center, and use a vernier caliper to measure the length between the center and the line, record it as L, and calculate the mycelial growth rate. Repeat 3 times, mycelial growth rate = L / day (mm / d).

[0039] (2) Density determination: The density of mycelium biomass composite materials was measured with reference to GB8168-2008 "Determination of density of buffer materials". The sample mass thickness was measured using a balance and a micrometer. The sample density was calculated using the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] Where: ρ-test sample density (g / cm 3 ); m-mass of the test sample (g); h-thickness of the test sample (cm);

[0042] r-radius of the test sample (cm)

[0043] (3) Compression strength determination: Referring to the national standard GB / T8813-2020 "Determination of compression properties of rigid foam plastics", the compression strength of mycelium biomass composite materials was measured. The maximum compression stress of the sample when the relative deformation reached 10% was measured using a compression testing machine. The sample compression strength calculation formula is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] Where: σm-compression strength of the sample, unit (kPa); Fm-maximum compression force when relative deformation <10%, unit is Newton (N); A0-initial cross-sectional area of ​​the sample, unit is square millimeter (mm).

[0046] (4) Rebound test: The rebound performance of mycelium biomass composites was measured by an electronic universal testing machine. A pressure plate was used to apply pressure along the material thickness direction. When the strain reached 15%, the pressure was stopped and maintained for 3 minutes. Then the pressure was quickly unloaded and the thickness of the sample was measured. The sample rebound rate was calculated as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Wherein: w-rebound rate, unit is %; Tj-thickness of the sample after compression, unit is millimeter (mm); Ti-thickness of the sample before rebound, unit is millimeter (mm).

[0049] (5) Water absorption rate determination method: Place the dried mycelium material product in a constant temperature incubator at 28°C and 60% relative humidity for 24 hours. Use an electronic balance to weigh the initial mass of the mycelium material product as X1. Soak the mycelium material product in distilled water for 5 soaking time periods of 1, 4, 8, 16, and 32. Take out the sample and wipe off the residual water on the surface. Weigh its mass and calculate it as X2. The calculation formula of the water absorption rate (X) of the mycelium material is: X = (X2-X1) / X1*100%.

[0050] (6) Thickness expansion rate test method. Place the dried mycelium material product in a constant temperature incubator at a temperature of 28°C and a relative humidity of 60% and leave it for 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours respectively. Use a vernier caliper to measure the initial thickness of the side of the mycelium material product as C1, and then put the sample into distilled water at a temperature of 23°C-25°C. After soaking for different periods of time, take out the sample and wipe off the residual moisture on the surface, and measure its thickness as C2. The calculation formula for the water absorption thickness expansion rate (C) of the mycelium material is as follows: C = (C2-C1) / C1*100%.

[0051] The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the reagents, materials and equipment used can be purchased from commercial sources, or prepared by conventional methods, or are commonly used in the industry.

[0052] Example 1: Strain screening

[0053] Preparation of potato dextrose agar (PDA): Prepare potato dextrose agar (PDA, formula: 200 g potato flour, 20 g glucose, 15 g agar, 1000 mL distilled water, pH: 6.0-6.5) and sterilize by high pressure at 121°C for 15 min.

[0054] Take out the refrigerated stock (4°C) and inoculate under sterile conditions (the inoculation box conditions are ISO 5 cleanliness standards, that is, no more than 100 particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 microns per cubic meter of air). After inoculation, place the culture medium in a constant temperature incubator at 25-30°C and humidity at 60%-80% for 10-15 days.

[0055] Determination: draw a line at the front end of the mycelium growth, take the inoculated fungus block as the center, use a vernier caliper to measure the length between the center and the line, record it as L, calculate the mycelium growth rate, and repeat the experiment 3 times. Among them, mycelium growth rate = L / day (mm / d).

[0056] The experimental strains include Agaricus blazei, Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes, Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceus, Agrocybe aegerita, Coprinus comatus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pholiotanameko, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Voluaria volvacea (Bull.) Quel., and Hypsizygus marmoreus.

[0057] The growth results of different strains on PDA medium are as follows Figure 7 and Figure 1As shown in the figure, the mycelial morphology and growth rate of different strains on PDA medium are significantly different. The mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii and Volvariella volvacea is relatively thin and sparse, showing a translucent appearance. Although their growth rate is fast, they are at a disadvantage in resource competition due to their poor mycelial micromorphology, showing weak stability and stress resistance. This weak mycelial structure not only makes them vulnerable to changes in the external environment in high-density cultivation environments, but may also affect the long-term stability of their yield.

[0060] The mycelium of shiitake mushrooms and oyster mushrooms is relatively robust and grows stably. They have strong adaptability and can maintain a certain growth level in different environments. However, their growth rate is slow, especially in large-scale cultivation, which directly affects production efficiency and yield. The mycelium of straw mushrooms grows fast, but it is found that its mycelium is very thin and has a weak ability to wrap around and attach to the substrate, which may cause problems in subsequent cultivation or substrate utilization efficiency.

[0061] Black Agaricus has significant advantages in the growth rate and morphology of mycelium. First of all, the mycelium of Black Agaricus is not only thick and dense, but also has a significantly better growth rate than other varieties, showing stronger adaptability and resource utilization capabilities. The thick mycelium can not only quickly occupy the surface of the culture medium and reduce the invasion of pathogens, but also effectively absorb nutrients to support its rapid expansion in different environments. More importantly, the rapid growth characteristics of Black Agaricus enable it to complete the entire cultivation cycle in a shorter period of time, thereby improving production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0062] The same method was used to detect the mycelial growth rate of different black mushroom strains. Black mushroom No. 1 was purchased from Jiangsu Jiangdu Tianda Edible Fungi Research Institute. The purchase link is https: / / mobile.yangkeduo.com / goods1.html?ps=ie9WF5JpJh. Black mushroom No. 2 was isolated from a representative sample purchased from Qiqihar Agricultural and Sideline Products Center Wholesale Market in Heilongjiang Province through tissue block culture. Black mushroom No. 3 was isolated from another batch of black mushroom samples purchased from Nantuo Edible Fungi Trading Market in Lingshou County, Hebei Province through tissue block culture. The results are as follows Figure 2As shown in the figure, firstly, the mycelium growth rate of Black Mushroom No. 1 is fast, which can quickly fill the culture medium, shorten the cultivation cycle, reduce the risk of pathogen invasion, and has a higher cultivation efficiency. In contrast, the mycelium growth of Black Mushroom No. 2 and Black Mushroom No. 3 is relatively slow, which may lead to a longer time to complete the expansion of mycelium in large-scale cultivation, thus affecting production efficiency. Secondly, the mycelium of Black Mushroom No. 1 is thick and dense, showing strong nutrient absorption ability and adaptability, which enables it to better adapt to different cultivation environments and is also better than the other two varieties in stability. In contrast, the mycelium of Black Mushroom No. 2 and Black Mushroom No. 3 is healthy, but the thickness and density are slightly inferior, and the performance is not as good as Black Mushroom No. 1. Therefore, on the whole, Black Mushroom No. 1 not only has a higher cultivation efficiency, but also has strong environmental adaptability and stress resistance, and is the most ideal choice in industrial production.

[0063] Example 2: Screening of single culture medium for Pleurotus eryngii

[0064] The screening process of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of sawdust is taken, crushed and sieved, 60% of water is added, stirred evenly and placed in a glass culture dish, sterilized at 121℃ for 30min, cooled and inoculated with 1cm 2 The screened edible fungus strains were cultured at 28°C, and photos were taken to record the growth of mycelium. Subsequently, the screened black mushroom strains were inoculated into different matrices (peanut cake, soybean meal, corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse, corn flour, rice bran, cottonseed hulls, bran, wood chips, straw fiber, corn stalk powder, rice straw powder, distiller's grains (sorghum), Gujinggong distiller's grains (dry product), foreign wine distiller's grains (dry product), Gujinggong distiller's grains (wet product), foreign wine (wet product)) in the same way, and photos were taken and recorded at time intervals (1-10 days). The mycelium growth rate was detected during the culture process, and its growth was observed and analyzed in detail. The results are as follows Figure 8 shown.

[0065] The results showed that when peanut cake was used as the culture medium, the mycelium was the whitest and densest, followed by corn cobs, bagasse, rice bran, cottonseed hulls, rice straw, and bran, but all showed good growth, while the mycelium growth on waste materials such as wood chips and straw fibers was relatively sparse. When waste distiller's grains were used for culture, the mycelium showed no signs of growth.

[0066] Example 3: Preparation of mycelium composite material

[0070] The flow chart for preparing mycelium biocomposites is shown in Figure 3The matrix was prepared according to the formula in Table 3, that is, each mixed matrix consisted of an added matrix and a fixed matrix, with a mass ratio of 1:1. The fixed matrix mainly consisted of cottonseed hulls and nutrients, which were sterilized in an autoclave (121°C, 15 minutes) and the moisture content was adjusted to 65%.

[0071] Table 1 Formulations of mycelium biocomposites based on different matrices

[0072]

[0073] Step S1: First, clean the cottonseed hulls and soak them in warm water (70°C, 40 minutes). Then, sterilize them at 121°C and autoclave for 15 minutes. After sterilization, the cottonseed hulls are crushed to a particle size of 5 mm, and the cottonseed hulls are mixed with other auxiliary materials (wheat bran 5%, corn flour 3%, gypsum powder: 1%, ammonium sulfate (nitrogen source): 0.4%, superphosphate: 0.4%, sodium chloride: 0.2%) at a ratio of 90% cottonseed hulls and 10% auxiliary materials, and the water content is adjusted to 65%. Purpose: To prepare the initial culture medium M1 of the black mushroom strain.

[0074] Step S2: In the clean bench, manually wear sterile gloves and sprinkle the black mushroom strains prepared in the laboratory into the initial culture medium M1 of the black mushroom strains, and stir and mix them evenly by hand. The inoculation condition is 3% of the strains per 100g of wet cottonseed hulls (such as 3 grams of strains / 100g of wet cottonseed hulls). The mixed culture medium is placed in a sterile culture bag (20cm×30cm) and sealed with a rubber stopper. The bag is placed in an incubator for culture, and the parameters are set to temperature (28°C), humidity (80%), and low-intensity light (20lux) for 7-14 days, until the white mycelium covers the entire culture medium, and is stored for later use. Purpose: To prepare a large amount of black mushroom strains K1 for subsequent addition to step S3.

[0075] Step S3: The strain K1 prepared in step S2 is fully mixed with No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 culture media in Table 3 at an inoculation rate of 3% (such as 3 grams of strains / 100 grams of culture media), and cultured under the temperature and humidity conditions of 28°C and 70% humidity until the mycelium completely covers the new culture media. The specific culture time is shown in Table 4. The mycelium should be healthy white, dense and uniform, and the mycelium composite materials No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, and No. 6 are obtained respectively.

[0076] In addition, taking the Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium composite material in the prior art as a comparison, Pleurotus ostreatus Zaoyou No. 8 was used as the strain, and the culture medium formula was 45% sawdust, 45% cottonseed hulls, 5% glucose, 2% yeast powder, 1% KH2PO4, and 2% lime (to adjust the pH value). This culture medium was screened and was more suitable for the culture of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium.

[0077] The thickness, density, compression strength, rebound rate and bending strength of the above-mentioned different mycelium composite materials (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 6 and No. 7) were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2

[0079]

[0080] The results of the density of mycelium composite materials based on different substrates showed that the density of the six substrates ranged from 0.25 to 0.35 g / cm 3 Among them, corn cob has the lowest density, loose structure, good air permeability, and is the most ideal choice. In addition, sugarcane bagasse, which has a similar density to corn cob, also has relatively good air permeability and organic matter content, and is also suitable as a substrate. Rice straw also has a lower density and is suitable for providing good air permeability.

[0081] The results of the compressive strength of mycelium composite materials based on different matrices show that the compressive strength of mycelium composite materials prepared from different matrices varies greatly, but all are concentrated between 313.58±4.07 and 375.37±3.85 kPa, which is significantly lower than that of ceramics, cement and other products; the compressive strength of mycelium composite materials is No. 2, No. 4, No. 6, No. 3, No. 1, and No. 5 from large to small. The No. 1 matrix is ​​peanut cake, which has a large initial density and sufficient nutrition, but due to its structure after being broken, the compressive strength of the material prepared is medium. The three matrix materials, corn cobs, rice bran and bran, are relatively soft and have relatively medium initial densities compared with other matrices, making them very suitable for mycelium materials.

[0082] The results of the rebound rate of mycelium composite materials based on different matrices showed that the sample with the highest rebound rate was No. 2, which could reach 91.36%, and the smallest were No. 1 peanut cake and No. 4 rice bran, which were 81.16±0.09 and 83.73±0.19% respectively. The investigation found that the reasons why the rebound resilience of No. 1 and No. 4 was relatively small were, on the one hand, the mycelium density was relatively poor, and the gaps in the interwoven network were large, and on the other hand, the matrix rigidity was relatively low and it was easy to be crushed.

[0083] The moisture absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of the mycelium composite material were measured. The results are as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown.

[0084] Based on the test results of moisture absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of mycelium composite materials with different substrates, it was found that both indicators showed a gradual upward trend with the extension of time. This phenomenon may be related to the pore structure of the substrate material and the continuous adsorption characteristics of mycelium to water. Among all the tested samples, the moisture absorption rate and thickness expansion rate of corn cob substrate No. 2 showed the lowest performance, with a moisture absorption rate of 24.10% (32h) and a thickness expansion rate of 1.48% (48h), which were significantly lower than other substrates (moisture absorption rate of No. 3 was 28.60% (32h), thickness expansion rate was 1.96% (48h), and moisture absorption rate of No. 5 was 27.88% (32h), thickness expansion rate was 1.63% (48h)). This performance advantage may be due to the denser microstructure of corn cob substrate No. 2, whose lower porosity and moisture absorption capacity inhibited excessive absorption of water while maintaining the dimensional stability of the material. In contrast, other matrices may have a looser fiber structure or a higher moisture transfer rate, resulting in a more significant increase in moisture absorption and thickness expansion.

[0085] In addition, a comparative analysis of the performance of the existing prepared Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium materials was conducted, and the results showed that its thickness was 11.15±0.26mm and its density was 0.396±0.00g / cm 3 , the compression strength is 325.84±3.98kPa, the rebound rate is 78.38±0.23%, the moisture absorption rate is 33.46% (32h), and the thickness expansion rate is 2.70% (48h). Comprehensively evaluating the above key performance indicators, the oyster mushroom mycelium material is inferior to the black mushroom mycelium material in terms of mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Among them, in terms of thickness and density, although the oyster mushroom mycelium material has a certain structural density, its compression strength is significantly lower (about 50% lower than that of the black mushroom material), indicating that its internal microstructure is less stable when bearing loads, which may be related to the uniformity of mycelium distribution and insufficient matrix bonding strength. In addition, in terms of humidity response performance, the oyster mushroom mycelium material has a higher moisture absorption rate (33.46%), and the thickness expansion rate reaches 2.70%, which is significantly higher than the black mushroom mycelium material. This higher hygroscopicity and expansion will not only cause the material to change in size under humidity fluctuations, but may also reduce the stability of its mechanical properties, especially in a humid environment, where deformation or functional degradation may occur. Overall, the performance of the black mushroom mycelium material is superior. Its low hygroscopicity, low expansion rate, high strength and high resilience properties indicate that it has more advantages in humidity control, load-bearing capacity and long-term stability.

[0086] In practical application: For flower pots: The low expansion rate of black mushroom material can effectively reduce deformation caused by humidity changes, avoid cracking or shape instability of flower pots, and thus improve the durability of the product. For cat scratching boards: For cat scratching boards that are often scratched and subjected to external forces, the relatively high mechanical properties and low moisture absorption and expansion rate of black mushroom material can prevent material deformation, extend service life, and improve the appearance stability of the scratching board.

[0087] In summary, the mycelium biocomposite prepared with corn cobs as the added matrix and cottonseed hulls as the basic matrix showed the best comprehensive performance. Next, we will select corn cobs: 50%, cottonseed hulls (after crushing): 35%, soybean powder: 8%, gypsum powder: 3.5%, ammonium sulfate (nitrogen source): 1%, superphosphate: 2%, sodium chloride: 0.5%, prepare the culture matrix according to the above proportions, add some water to the matrix: keep the moisture content at 65%, and make innovative applications of the materials to prepare mycelium flower pots and cat scratching boards.

[0088] Example 4: Preparation of mycelium composite material household flower pot

[0089] The process flow and product pictures of preparing flower pots and cat scratching boards are as follows Figure 6 The specific steps are as follows:

[0090] Step S1: Forming of mycelium composite material: According to the mycelium composite material matrix formula finally screened and determined in Example 3, the prepared strains are inoculated into the culture medium screened in Example 3, evenly distributed, and loaded into the pre-customized flower pot and cat scratching board molds, ensuring that the matrix is ​​dense and without gaps, and ensuring that all parts of the mold have appropriate moisture (65%). After the mold is filled, it is cultured in an incubator with a temperature controlled at 28°C and a humidity controlled at 70%, waiting for the mycelium to grow fully, gradually fill the mold, and solidify and shape until the final shape is formed.

[0091] Step S2: Drying: After the mycelium growth is completed, demoulding is performed and the composite material is placed in a drying oven for treatment at a temperature set at 55° C. until the moisture content of the composite material drops below 10%.

[0092] Step S3: Post-processing: The dried mycelium composite material can be polished, trimmed, etc. A waterproof coating is evenly applied to the inner and outer walls of the flower pot, wherein the thickness of the polyurethane coating layer (not limited to this, acrylic coating, epoxy resin coating can also be used) is controlled to be 0.5 mm, and the coating drying time is 24 hours.

[0093] The embodiments provided above are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the steps described are not intended to limit the execution order thereof. Those skilled in the art may make obvious improvements to the present invention in combination with existing common knowledge, which also fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mycelium composite material, characterized in that: The method is obtained by culturing the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii in a culture medium containing corn cobs.

2. The mycelium composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture matrix containing corn cobs specifically includes the following ingredients: corn cobs: 45-55%, crushed cottonseed hulls: 30-40%, soybean meal: 7-9%, gypsum powder: 3-4%, ammonium sulfate: 0.5-1.5%, superphosphate: 1-3%, and sodium chloride: 0.4-1%.

3. The mycelium composite material according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: After the corncob-containing culture matrix is ​​prepared, water is added to control the moisture content to be maintained at 60-70%.

4. A method for preparing the mycelium composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Evenly inoculate the prepared black mushroom strains into the culture matrix containing corn cobs and put them into a mold; S2. After the mold is filled, the mold is cultured at a temperature of 25-30°C and a humidity of 60-80% until the mold is filled and solidified; S3, demoulding the molded mycelium composite, and drying it to obtain the mycelium composite material.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S1, 2 to 5 grams of bacterial strains are inoculated per 100 grams of culture medium.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the culture time is 7 to 14 days.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The strain is prepared by the following method: the black mushroom strain is sprinkled into the black mushroom initial culture medium, and the mixed initial culture medium is cultured under the conditions of 26-30°C, 75-85% humidity, and 10-30 lux of light until the mycelium covers the entire culture medium; wherein the initial culture medium comprises the following components: 85-95% of crushed cottonseed hulls, 4-6% of wheat bran, 2-4% of corn flour, 0.5-1.5% of gypsum powder, 0.2-0.6% of ammonium sulfate, 0.2-0.6% of superphosphate, and 0.1-0.3% of sodium chloride.

8. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, drying is performed at 50-60° C. until the moisture content of the mycelium composite material drops below 10%.

9. A household product, characterized in that: The household product is prepared by using the mycelium composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

10. The household product according to claim 9, characterized in that: When preparing the household product, the process also includes coating a waterproof coating on the surface.

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